غلامحسین بیابانی

The aim of this research is to provide a face-to-face communication model in controlling social crimes by the use of creating effective conversations by parents to strengthen the bonds within the family. The design and validation of the model were done using the mixed method, and the data was collected through interviews and then questionnaires. The statistical population is the family experts and psychologists and then families of Kermanshah. Purposive and then random sampling were used and the sample size was determined as 200 people based on Klein's rule. In the qualitative part, the thematic analysis method was utilized with Maxqda and factor ranking was performed with interpretive structural equations and Micmac. Factors such as respect, mutual understanding of members, allocation of clarity, awareness and appropriate implementation of roles, direct verbal and non-verbal relationships, recognition and provision of needs, intimacy of members, religious values, logical beliefs, problem solving, proper parenting, consultation between Members, etc., were identified as dimensions of the model, and in the ranking of the results, it was found that the two factors of "recognition and provision of needs" and "intimacy between members" had the highest position.

In recent years, non-performing loans (NPLs) have brought economic, social, and security crises in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research provides an ABC strategic analysis of the NPLs’ consequences on Iran’s economic security. This research has a qualitative content analysis method and its data is triangulated from the supreme leadership, the forces of the government, and Iranian pundits for the period from 1961 to 2023. The findings show that at the first level, the NPLs by destroying the economic strategies of the government, deeply penetrate the economic pressure into the country's social system and lead to the destruction of social structures and values. With the loss of the social base of the government, the ground is prepared for the threat of the political system, and its final result is the destruction of the legitimacy of the government and the collapse of the country's national and international security. The results show that the most destructive consequences of the NPLs come from economic indiscipline and monetary mismanagement of the government, this level of consequences has secondary consequences on the social welfare and capital that are more difficult to control. The consequences of the third level, which themselves originate from the second level, impose the most extensive and uncontrollable consequences on the legitimacy of the country's sovereignty, national security, and international authority. Therefore, reforming and rationalizing the economic policies of the government is the most fundamental act to protect the country's economic security from the consequences of the NPLs.

The urban transportation infrastructure, especially the metropolitan subway system in Tehran, which is used daily by millions of people for commuting, is recognized as one of the most vital infrastructures of the country. Any disruption in the operation of the metro network can have widespread effects on other related infrastructures, including public transportation networks and the power distribution system, as well as lead to social discontent. In this regard, in the present research, the critical assets (including human, physical, and cyber assets) of Line 1 metro stations in the Tehran metropolitan area have been assessed for risk using the RAMCAP Plus method. A wide range of human-made threats and natural hazards, as well as their quantitative consequences, have been evaluated at these stations. By calculating the quantitative values of vulnerability and the probability of events occurring, the risk value has been quantitatively determined. The results indicate that among physical and cyber assets, the signaling system, train carriages, control room, escalators, the dedicated high-voltage power distribution network, and the water guidance system at the stations are the most vulnerable assets. For human assets, passengers and staff in platform areas, station entrances, and ticket halls are the most at risk. Furthermore, the most significant threats and hazards that ranked highest in terms of frequency and risk are, in order, terrorists (both suicide and group bombings), explosive devices in the station entrances, physical and cyber sabotage, pollution, and cyber theft for the terrorist threats' category, and floods and earthquakes for the natural hazards' category.

In recent years, economic security has been at the top of the leadership’s and people’s demands from the regime. Although the country’s general economic security policies have been on the agenda since the beginning of the 2010s, they have always been the Achilles’ heel as the regime has a huge expectation gap regarding the general economic security policies. This research aims to conduct a strategic gap analysis of the country’s general economic security policies to obtain the basis for the pathology of existing strategies. The current research is a qualitative study using the content analysis method, which uses three data sources (triangulation) including the statements of Imam Khomeini and the Supreme leader, the views of official officials, and the ideas of economic and political experts of the country. The findings of this research show that among the five economic security policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, promoting the added value of investment is emphasized more than other aspects of the regime and plays the role of the mother dimension for the other four dimensions. Also, each aspect of the aforementioned policies has seven macro strategies that provide the economic, political, regulatory, and judicial tactical umbrella to realize the goals of each aspect of the general policies of economic security. Strategic gap analysis breaks down and identifies the key cores of each of the above strategies into achievable concepts in a practical way, thus providing a framework for addressing the expectation gap and improving the governance mechanism.

One of the crimes with which many countries are concerned is organized crimes, in a way that no countries are safe against them. The organized crimes may be related to the economic growth of countries, because they can gradually move and erode other economic dimensions. But every crime can be organized ranging from petty theft to economic, social, cultural issues and the like, to the point that its threat is escalating every day or sometimes the social effects of a crime somehow saturates the atmosphere of a country in a way that security crimes do not seem important Therefore; they impress governments and challenge them and are always considered as a non-military threat to the national, economic and social security. The organized crimes act as a Domino game, meaning that they summarize in an issue first and then they sweep other axes one by one. As societies are affected by one another in the economic domain, the organized crimes are gradually transferred to other societies.  Therefore; in this article, the writer is seeking to describe organized crimes, aims of criminal organizations, criminal infiltration methods into this domain, criminological views and finally, the danger of the organized crimes and their dimensions are dealt with in the article.

Considering the importance of communication in the family, the purpose is to invent a communication model by creating innovative conversations on the part of the parents to strengthen the bonds within the family. The design and validation of the model was done with a mixed method, and the data was collected through interviews and then questionnaires. The statistical population is family experts and psychologists and then the families of Kermanshah city. Purposive sampling and then random sampling were done and the sample size was determined to be 200 people based on Klein's rule. In the qualitative part, the thematic analysis was done with Maxqda, and factor ranking was done with interpretive structural equations and Micmac. 21 factors such as respect, mutual understanding, allocation of clarity, awareness and proper implementation of roles, direct verbal and non-verbal relationships, recognition and provision of needs, intimacy of members, religious values, logical beliefs, problem solving, children Proper parenting, consultation between members, etc., were identified as dimensions of the model and they had the highest ranks in the ranking of the two factors of recognition and satisfaction of needs and intimacy between members.

The growth and development of technology and its expansion have caused criminals to use these technologies as required by their criminal acts, so that today identifying criminals has become one of the most important concerns related to the security of countries, the evolution in the nature of committing crimes Especially, the organization, transnationalization and technicalization of crimes requires a change in the approach of the police and the criminal investigation procedure, which should be upgraded and transformed in line with the change in the type of crimes committed. According to the advances in genetic science, the achievements of this knowledge can be used in the identification and prosecution of dangerous and international criminals.

The current research is practical and descriptive-survey in terms of type and purpose, the statistical population of this research includes 217 specialized police officers in Faraja in the year 1400, the data collection tool is a researcher's questionnaire based on the Likert scale. The obtained information was analyzed in a descriptive-inferential manner.

The findings of statistical data analysis show the significance of tests and the effectiveness of biological evidence in tracking and identifying criminals in transnational crimes. According to the results of the research and the role of biological evidence in the detection of transnational crimes, in order to discover transnational crimes and deal with criminals in a targeted way, the use of genetic knowledge by international police investigation officers is inevitable.

the aim of the present study was to prepare a scale for measuring the risk of young people in media-influenced crime and to determine its effect on the degree of sustainability in delinquency. The study is a survey and the statistical population is young professional offenders between 18-35 years old. The statistical population of the study includes criminals with a history of high-risk crimes (19,149 people) who based on Cochran's formula, the sample size of 376 people was determined and selected by simple sampling. To compile the scale, three questionnaires of youth risk-taking, survey of high-risk youth behavior and aggressive behavior were used as a source. Four parameters of excitement, rebellion, recklessness, and criminalization with aggressive behavior were designed. Scientific validity of the scale was performed using "content validity", "structural validity". The Kaiser-Mir-Olkin sampling adequacy test was statistically significant and the Bartlett sphericity test was statistically significant. Findings of factor analysis confirmed the results of exploratory factor analysis based on the fact that this scale is four factors and the obtained model fit with the research data. Cronbach's alpha for the scale of 0.70, the parameter of "excitement in criminality" 0.75, "recklessness in criminality" 0.87, "criminality with aggressive behavior" 0.79 and "rebellion in criminality" 83 / 0 was calculated which indicates the validity and validity of the scale. Findings from one-sample t-test and symptom test showed that all four parameters were effective on stability in delinquency of young professional offenders and the results of Friedman test showed that excitement was the highest in criminalization and the tendency to criminalize with aggressive behavior was the lowest. It has an effect on sustainability in delinquency of young professional offenders.

The present study was designed and implemented in terms of type and method of descriptive-analytical and in terms of purpose and practical nature and in terms of data collection, documentary-survey and using qualitative and quantitative approaches.For a quantitative approach, the questionnaire includes 217 people, The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was obtained by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 70%. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Findings from t-test showed that the value of t-statistic in all four dimensions was greater than 1.96, which indicates the significance of the test and the effectiveness of each dimension. All dimensions and components based on K-S test had an alpha value of more than 70% and the data distribution was normal. To confirm the predicted structures after the first-order factor analysis and to model the equations, confirmatory factor analysis, etc, which, the results indicate that the indicators are desirable and the items are in line with the theoretical structure.Based on the results, the respondents had the most effective dimension in identifying criminals, the technical dimension with an average of 4.53 out of 5 and the least effective dimension of the management dimension with an average of 4.26 out of 5. mean 4.4 and standard deviation 0.6. According to the findings, the effect of the set of dimensions was 4.41 out of 5 with a median of 4.5 and a standard deviation of 0.4.

The prevalence of Liquid love in society due to new communication and information technologies, causes deviant and criminal behavior in society. This article tries to investigate the efficacy of this phenomenon on based of knapp’s Relationship Model in the emergence of criminal behavior in society by using the field findings of the phenomenon liquid love and theories of physiological psychology.

This research is a qualitative research and in terms of nature and method is a phenomenological descriptive research. 11 male and 11 female samples were selected . In this descriptive study, flexible interviews were used to collect qualitative data that analyzed based on theories and research of physiological psychology.

Analysis of the findings, based on the principles of theory of research, ultimately showed that limbic System, Amygdala function and Hormonal changes in Bonding process in liquid love, can convert a Ordinary person to emotional criminal.Keywords: Liquid love; criminal behavior; Relationship Model; motivation and emotion.

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of cultural activities in the reform and education and return of prisoners to life in Hamaden Central Prison. The research method was descriptive-survey and the statistical population of the study consisted of prisoners participating in educational and cultural activities and classes of Hamaden Central Prison who have been released from prison during the past year; Since it was not possible to access all the released prisoners, so the statistical population of this study was determined all the prisoners of Hamaden Central Prison who were released from Hamedan Central Prison during the past year and to file a case to the Social Services and Aftercare Department. The General Administration of Prisons of Hamedan Province have referred; Therefore, 209 people participated in this study as an available sample. The instrument of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire in the form of Likert scale; To measure the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used on 22 samples, the value of which was measured more than 0.7. The method of data analysis was statistical, descriptive and inferential. The results obtained from SPSS software indicated that the role of cultural activities in prisons and its dimensions such as raising the level of awareness and scientific knowledge of prisoners, filling their leisure time, raising the level of religious and moral values of prisoners, improving the level of health and The change in prisoners' attitudes toward crime in correctional education and the return of prisoners to life was above average. The cultural activities of the prison mostly led to a change in the attitude of prisoners towards crime and the least effect was related to improving the level of health. In ranking the role of activities

The relationship between drug abuse and crime is not very clear. But the variety of relationships between these two variables depends on the particular composite of drug and kinds of crimes, as well. Many believe that drug abuse is the cause of crimes. The perception of this belief is that crime reduction can be carried out through access reduction to drug. Of course, It is not clear that there is a relationship between these two (drug and crime). This research addresses the relationship between drug and crime using descriptive-analytical method. Although a lot of studies show a relationship between drug and crime, other studies consider no relationship in this regard. Moreover, there are few studies on realizing these different findings. There is a possibility that drug and crime have interrelationship under certain conditions and there might not exist any relationship outside these conditions. Drug abuse and crime might have interrelationship in different ways. Therefore; there are various causative models pertaining the relationship between drug abuse and crime which this article will address.

Identity documents are among creations and manifestations of rights and civilization of recent era and a permission to enter the civil world. In our country, identity documents such as birth certificates, national identity cards, military service completion or exemption cards, passports, driver’s licenses and occupational identity documents like governmental departmental identity cards are documents which are used to verify the identity of people. These documents are the bases for other documents. On the other hand, forgery and abuse of forged documents are an important factor for reducing public peace, minimizing trust level of individuals from civil organizations and agencies and eliminating the security and health of a society, as well. The present research has been carried out with the aim of identifying modern methods of combating the forgery of identity documents. This research is of applied type from the standpoint of type and objective and of surveying from the standpoint of method and descriptive nature. The research statistical community includes NAJA and FATEB CID police officers with over 5 years of activity background in the teams and deputate in combating forgery and fraud numbering 80 individuals that were selected generally.Information collection was conducted in library form and using questionnaire in which single-sample T Test was used for data analysis and the Freedman Test was used for ranking. According to the research findings, the modern methods of combating the forgery of identity documents were identified in three domains of security, electronic and biometric parameters. The research results revealed the extent of each parameter and index presented in crime detection of the research subject.

Tourism is a phenomenon belonging to the modern times and generally refers to anything related to travel, but the idea of modern tourism first appeared in the eighteenth century in England. This coincided with a time when values and customs were changing in the country as the Industrial Revolution began; however, travel or excursions still require financial means. Accordingly, tourism in todaychr('39')s world is considered a clean industry and is the third dynamic, thriving and developing economic phenomenon that compared to other global industries has developed more and is considered to be in the third place after oil and automotive industries, but parts of our country remains unknown for us, Iranians. Sometimes we hear the names of some places of interest from foreigners or see them from satellite sites and networks. Sometimes we discover some new places that foreign explorers have already discovered and written about, but it is the duty of the officials of the tourism organization and perhaps the task of the universities of each province to identify the provincial capabilities and set up a suitable plan for it by setting up research institutes. It is safe to say that no country has a variety of climatic, geographical, ethnic, linguistic and musical, local dances and sounds and melodies, like Iran. The method used in this article is applied in nature and is descriptive-analytical. Therefore, in this article, in addition to the definition of tourism, the factors affecting tourism, the importance of tourism, approaches to tourism development, types of tourism, tourism infrastructure and barriers to tourism are discussed.

Abstract
The transformation in crime domain and its complexity require that in order for people to remain safe from crime, they should be aware of criminal ruse to prevent being affected by it. Therefore; the only thing that can immunize people from crimes, is detective literacy. Detective literacy is one of the series of existing literacy in the community that if people pay more attention to it and know it, they can suffer less damage from crimes and criminals. Describing the dimensions of detective literacy concepts in the community and the role it plays in crime prevention and mitigation and peoples’ relations with the police is useful. The method used in this article is of applied and descriptive- analytical types. When people are aware and their police and in particular, detective literacy improves, they can somehow participate in police activities, and therefore; police can prevent case file surge. In other words, when people are aware, they can actively cooperate with police in restoring order and security in their community and they can set the stage to reduce crimes in their community. When different classes of people are provided with fundamental training commensurate with their age and cultural background on different crimes and methods of countering them, the level of detective literacy will increase in the community and its security status will be optimized, as well.

Detectives have the task of detecting crimes, and this is not the case for detectives to exploit innovative criminal intelligence strategies to prosecute and detect crimes, which can be the basis of strategic criminal intelligence innovation, optimization of criminal intelligence functions, reorganization of criminal intelligence, The criminal information system is the redesign of criminal intelligence reporting and its implementation in accordance with the detective's missions, operations and operational plans. This study aims to investigate the impact of strategic innovation on detectives' willingness to exploit criminal information in the pursuit and discovery of crime by emphasizing the moderating role of creative detectives.

The present study is of applied nature and in terms of survey type. Using Cochran's formula, the number of individuals for the Criminal Intelligence Detectors sampling was 73, and the number of 384 Detectives for sampling; and were selected by stratified random sampling. Strategic Innovation Researcher Questionnaires, Criminal Intelligence Desire, and Creative Intelligence Questionnaires were used. The validity of its content was evaluated by experts and its construct validity by factor analysis. The reliability of the study was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and partial least squares analysis was used to test the hypotheses.

The path coefficients for the main hypothesis and sub-hypotheses were 0.221, 0.554, 0.968, 0.927, and 0.548, respectively, and the t values ​​were 2.202, 2.461, 2.748, The values ​​of t for these parameters were greater than 1.96 and 2.227 and 2.271, so all hypotheses are confirmed by 0.95.

Creative detectives have a moderating role in the impact of strategic innovation on detectives' willingness to exploit criminal intelligence functions. Optimizing criminal intelligence functions, reengineering the criminal information approach, reforming the criminal information system, redesigning criminal intelligence reporting have a significant impact on detectives' willingness to exploit criminal information given the moderating role of creative detectives.