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One of the approaches for analyzing literary texts is semiotics. Persian literary texts can be investigated from different aspects of semiotics such as; aesthetics, intertextual relations, indigenous-local forms and signs. Poets and authors are influenced by their environment and the signs of this vulnerability are reflected in the works. Houshang Jafari is one of the Azeri poets in Zanjan city, describing the local elements. The effect of these features in the mind and language reflected with indigenous-local signs. Due to the wide range of semiotics, our goal in this research is to analyse the signs of the author of the work, signs of nature and indigenous environmental and social and cultural signs in Turkish poetry of Houshang Jafari. It is assumed that the poet has gained the content of his poems from native-local character.The results of the research indicate that poems of Houshang Jafari are: a treasure of local elements in the form of native manners, nature, beliefs, customs and traditions, proverbs and irony. In this article, a descriptive-analytical method is used to analyse the indigenous-local signs.

Taboos, meant as the sacred bans, are the primary human laws which later became the roots for ethical and religious bans. Fictional texts are one of the contexts of recognition and investigation of the taboos. Fictional literature is based on the various factors including personal experiences and subjectivity and social realities and the taboos of a society are rooted and being affected by these factors. Moniro Ravanipour is one of the contemporary writers that has referred to common taboos in Iranian society as a woman by studying her society culture, customs and traditions. In this article, at first, taboo has been explained and then its objective examples in the fictional texts have been studied and mentioned. The results showed that the taboo of woman is divided into various indicators including adultery, remarriage, virginity, divorce and traditional marriage that infertility is one of the broad taboos of Iranian society in Ravanipour point of view.

Dervishes are committed writers who in most of their stories have considered the poor situation caused by poverty in society. He portrays a flawed, superstitious, and powerless society in which children and adolescents have their rights ignored. In this research, the author's intellectual level has been examined in the stories of "from this province", "waterfalls", "bread season", "with my father's songs" and "cloudy years" in relation to the position of children and adolescents.

The research method in this research is library and the statistical population of the research is carefully studied and the author's intellectual level is extracted from them and then the sheets are classified based on the research components and the article is written analyticallydescriptively based on the obtained samples.

Poverty is the main subject of Dervish stories and Dervishes have criticized the worldview of a writer committed to capitalist society who has deprived the poor of children and adolescents with class distance. Poverty, in addition to economic scarcity, causes emotional crises and anomalies, which in this sense, cause the growth of working children, superstitions and ignorance, domestic violence against children, illness and death of children, child marriage at an early age, poverty and child delinquency in stories in The intellectual level of the author can be seen, the only positive thing is that the mother of the family pays attention to the children's literacy.

Children and adolescents have an important place in his works, and the main concern of the author at the intellectual level of stories is to address the problems of this group. In simple language, Darwishians have narrated their problems in short news sentences and emotional and literary descriptions. In selected stories, dervishes describe the life of the lower classes of society, which is either the adolescent character narrator or the omniscient narrator, and children and adolescents have the main characters, and the author pays special attention to them and writes the story following their problems.

Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Theory is considered as one of the key theories regarding literary texts, especially in fiction literature and it plays an important role in identifying social and cultural changes of the society. Fairclough is one of the scholars who studied literary works with an approach to criticize capitalism in society in terms of critical discourse with a view on relations between power and ideology and intended to study this matter in three stages of: description, interpretation and clarification.  This study has investigated the story of ‘The Children of Carpet-Weaving House’ by Houshang Moradi Kermani based on Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Theory with a descriptive-analytical methodology. Moradi Kermani has narrated awful condition of exploited working children and the hegemony of suppressers over the suppressed based on relations between power and ideology. To do so, he has recounted his ideology in a symbolic background through repeating characters’ names, using specific vocabulary, meaning coverage of words, combining native, informal and literary language as well as language of satire in the stage of description. The stage of interpretation is done via various spectrums of discourses by creating assumptions in similar situations and inter-textual and situational satire. At the stage of clarification, the most prominent issue is the issue of child abuse and ignoring children’s rights. Moreover, emotional crisis, interaction of poverty and capitalism, hope and hopelessness, battle and surrender, religion and atheism, has put the story in a bitter and sorrowful atmosphere.

Masnavi "Naz va Niyaz" composed by Abdolrazaq Beg Danbali, nicknamed "Fascinated" is a historian, poet, writer, commentator and translator of the literary return period. He composed this poem for the purpose of imitation, with the influence of Khosrow and Shirin Nezami Ganjavi, and the characteristics of the Iraqi style can be seen in it. In the present study, this system has been analyzed stylistically at three levels: linguistic, literary and intellectual. The main question of the research is what are the most important features of Abdul Razzaq's style in Masnavi Naz and Niaz?

The method of data collection in this article is based on library studies and research has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner.

Danbali, in accordance with the style of poetry in Persian literature, composed the Masnavi Naz and Niaz and is one of the most eloquent poets of the return period who has succeeded in following the previous poetic styles.

At the linguistic level, the poet has used the weight of the culprit and high-frequency rhymes and rows of nouns and nouns. At the lexical and syntactic level, the use of prefixes, suffixes and ancient words, Arabic words, various terms can be seen in his poetry. At the literary level, in proportion to the romantic and didactic theme, the use of all kinds of metaphors, metaphors and spiritual novelties has a lot of style and exaggeration. At the intellectual level, in addition to the romantic theme, which is its main subject, he has paid attention to the educational and religious themes and the letter; There is also a belief in popular belief and determinism in his thoughts.

Music is one of the most important pillars of poetry that makes it enjoyable. Music in poetry has different aspects such as inner music, exterior, and side. One of the aesthetic elements of the poem, especially the classical formats, is the use of side-by-side music that results from the repetition of poetic vocabulary at the end of each beat, especially rhyme and row. The poets try to come closer to their goal of expressing the poetic meanings, with respect to the connection between the music of the poem and other elements. In this descriptive and analytical study, the side music in Sheikh Baha'i poetry is examined. The results indicate that in the quatrains of Sheikh Baha'i there are pronouns of the nominal rhyme, the present verb which has a higher frequency of nominal rhyme than the other types of rhyme, and in the other quatrains the present tense has a higher frequency. Most rows are simple and one-part, and two-part and three-part rows are rarely used.

Introduction and publication of prominent Persian literature, It enriches the scientific, literary and historical background of the country. many copies remain in libraries inside and outside the country Which need to be corrected, introduced and evaluated to identify. From Hassan Ali Khan Amir-Nezam Grossi, there are two literary works in written form, titled "Yahviyah" Which has not yet been introduced and analyzed. Grosso Letters is a work of Persian writing and correspondence Which in the thirteenth century has been written as a simple and middle-class poet in the style of Qa'im Magame Farahani. and it is important in terms of reflecting the historical, cultural, political, economic, social, and civil matters. therefore, the review, introduction and identification of this work can be effective in recreating the cultural past of Iran. In this article, while introducing the emperor of Grossi's system and his role in the promotion and reform of society, and the emphasis on literary and literary sciences, he has also introduced the essential and auxiliary versions of his writing, and outlines the most important features of this work.

Situational stories often reflect common features and elements such as the language, culture, beliefs, and customs of a geographical zone. The 50s and 60s are the period of the flourishing of Situational literature and the emergence of numerous writers whose writings have a local flavor and rely on the literature of rural areas. The novel "Ahl-e Gharq" by Moniro Ravanipour can be considered among the works of rural situational literature. The author narrates the story due to his deep acquaintance with the culture of the inhabitants of the Persian Gulf coasts and using the native and local elements of the southern lands. In this research, the analytical-descriptive method of the situational literature indicators of the novel is used in "Ahl-eGharq". Like, the geographical location, language and dialect, clothing, customs, beliefs, views and local songs are examined. The results, in addition to showing the author's deep mastery of the indigenous aspects of this region; It reveals the hidden layers of the spirits, natures and beliefs of the people of the South, summed up in resistance, bravery and anti-colonialism, from the narrator’s viewpoint.

The presence of foreign countries in some countries of the Indo-Iranian continent made different strata of people take a stand against their oppressive behavior. Committed poets also fought against the colonialists in their poems with the   weapon of the pen. Meanwhile, the role of free-thinking poets such as Iqbal Lahori and Farrokhi Yazdi was remarkable. Both poets faced political and social changes in their country and protested in their poems to wake people up. Using people’s national emotions and feelings, they began a fierce struggle against colonialism and, by composing poems of protest, they showed their hatred of foreign  interference and presence. In this article, using a descriptive-analytical approach, an attempt is made to comparatively study the anti-colonial poems of Iqbal Lahori and Farrokhi Yazdi and to express their common views about colonialists. The findings of the research indicate that both poets have used similar themes to express the political and social situation of their time.

In the present study, with the aim of identifying and introducing the pyr-v -jvan , Mirza Nasir Isfahani, the linguistic and rhetorical features of this work have been analyzed based on Jacobson''s linguistic theory. Jakobson has used six aspects of communication theory in literature: 1. message (literary role) 2. Message sender (writer or poet) 3. recipients (contacts) 4. codes (rules and norms of language) 5. contact fields (social and cultural status) 6. contact ducts (words or sounds). pyr-v -jvan poetry was written in the 12th century AH in the Zandieh era, and the subject of this conversation is old and young in the subject of sadness and love. A review of this work is illustrated by the Jakobson theory, The result shows: At the heart of the process of communication among the six roles is the literary role of language because of the variety of texts, especially in the first part of the poem. t has influenced other linguistic roles and has led to aesthetics

Irony is one of the elements of imagery for the beauty of speech that poets use to discover the meanings of speech. Danesh Mashhadi has used different types of imagery to induce meanings. Sometimes the poet's purpose is only to cover the speech, and sometimes he uses irony along with other literary arrays such as implication, simile, abstraction, association, and so on. In this article, the descriptive-analytical methods of all kinds of irony and its aesthetic application in Danesh Mashhadi court are examined and analyzed. The findings of the study indicate that all three types of irony in grammatical terms, including: current irony, adjective and adjective are used in the Danesh Mashhadi court and the frequency of current irony is higher than other types of irony. In terms of clarity and secrecy, Imaa's irony has been considered by the poet due to its ease of understanding more than other types of allusions. Most of the allusions used by the poet are of the ironic type, which is easily understood by the audience.

From the aesthetic point of view, it is the knowledge by which the beauties of speech are revealed. Rafiq Esfahani is one of the poets whose interest in the Rhetorics spiritual industries has been used in the poetry to exert modest beauty in his poetry. In this descriptive-analytical method, the author of this study is to determine and study the Rhetorics spiritual arrays in the court of Rafiq Esfahani. The main question of the study is what are the important Rhetorics arrays used in his court?By studying the poetry of Rafiq Esfahani, we find that Rhetorics spiritual arrays have played a significant role in creating the images and beauty of his words. To express his thoughts and thoughts In addition to the imagination, he has used other exquisite industries such as: Equivoque, Apostrophe, Rhetorical Question, Verse , subtraction, Zeugma and Merismus  , Conglobatio, Allusion , Allusion,Epanados, Amplification, Congeries and ...

This research investigates the function of symbolism in Farrokhzad poetry and her approach to the symbol. Symbol is one of the methods of deviation and de-familiarization in poetry. In this way, the poet alienates the meaning that is repeated to the reader. Thus it causes extending the meaning of the text and its explicability. The complexity and lack of clarity in expressing the symbol has made it one of the most artistic imagery. Poets and writers have used this feature of the symbol to express their social and political ideas. Frough Farrokhzad is a contemporary poet who has used symbols and symbolic myths to express her ideas. The present research, which has been conducted through an analytical-descriptive method, suggests that she has employed symbols in the creation of her poems for deepening, ambiguity and semanticization of her poetry. Her symbols include social themes and sociological criticisms.

Beyhaqi Abolfazl, the famous secretary of Ghaznavi period, has left a book that is worthy of study and review after successive centuries. He in addition to expression of historical points, amazes readers in analyzing of details and describing of psychological states. So, to find concrete examples of the types of personality in psychology in this book is very convenient. In this paper, characterics of figures of Beyhaqi,s history, based on the Five factor models of Robert McCrae and Paul Costa, is studied. The statistical population of this search is Bayhaqi,s history. After reviewing the characterics of figures in this papers, is presented examples for each of the five personality types, neurosis, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Although, this comparing is proportional and some figures have the charactericsties several personality types all together and their traits in various environmental conditions, but, finally, the dominant personality type of figures has been specified.