محبوبه عسکری باقر ابادی

Moral courage is necessary to observe moral behavior when dealing with moral challenges raised at the time of crisis. The purpose of this study is to present an interpretive structural model (ISM) of the antecedents of moral courage during crises among the staff of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. 

This is a descriptive-analytical survey. After reviewing the literature and identifying the antecedents of moral courage, a questionnaire with semi-closed questions was designed and distributed among 18 managers and expert from the university, who were selected using non-probability purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed in MATLAB software, version 9 and MICMAC software, version 2. 

Based on the findings, the antecedents included individual factors (self-esteem, personal values, moral model, personality type), managerial factors (leadership, criticism acceptance, honesty, leader-member exchange), organizational factors (organizational transparency, accountability, culture), and environmental factors (economic, cultural, political/legal). 

The results can help relevant authorities to plan and make appropriate decisions in this field.

The strength of the family is one of the most important factors of the strength of the society. Therefore, researchers and social policy makers have always paid special attention to the family as one of the most important axes of national policy. The main goal of the research was to identify the effective factors on the implementation of general family policies in Iran. The current research is a qualitative study that was conducted with thematic analysis method. The research community includes university professors, policy researchers and knowledgeable policymakers in the field under investigation, from among them 15 people were selected using (purposive sampling method) and the research tool; The interview is semi-structured. The data of this research was analyzed using the theme analysis method, and finally 202 basic codes were counted and categorized into 9 overarching themes and 24 organizing themes. The themes extracted include: policy tools (desirability and appropriateness); legal factors (conflict in policies); structural factors (continuous control, transparency of roles, establishment of an efficient executive mechanism); Economic factors (financing, economic conditions of society); cultural factors (advertisements and media, education and cultural building); technical and content factors (level of policy transparency, purposefulness and planning in policy making, efficiency and effectiveness of policies, feasibility and ability to implement, level of policy learning); related to the target society (acceptance and synchronization, motivation and desire of the audience); They are related to policy developers (audience, problem analysis, way of thinking, coordination and consultability, scientific level, inventing innovation in policy making) and policy implementers (commitment, power and desire). As a result, policy makers as well as implementers of family policies can play a significant role in improving the implementation of these policies by considering each of these effective factors.

The country's higher education management system has always faced many issues that it is not able to deal with all of them easily. Therefore, it is necessary to know the nature of the issues in this field in order to provide the best management and governance methods. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the complex issues in the higher education management system of the country.

This research was a type of qualitative research that was conducted in 2023 using thematic analysis method. The research community included professors and experts with academic education in public administration, executive managers working in the Ministry of Ataf, and researchers and experts in higher education, and sampling was done using a targeted non-probability method. Data collection continued until theoretical data saturation and 15 semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software was also used for coding.

The findings of the research showed that identity crisis, quantification, centralization, process complexity and diversity of governance and legislative authorities are among the complicated issues in the country's higher education management system.

As a result, deep attention to each of these issues by the managers of the country's higher education system can lead to the sustainable development of the country, improving the quality of service provision and reducing related costs, increasing the transparency of processes, etc. with such issues to be used by them.

One of the ways to reduce disasters facing a society is to invest in promoting national resilience. The aim of this study was to design a model of collective resilience in global crises. The present study was a qualitative study that was conducted by data foundation method. Participants in this study included 16 experts in the field of management and public health who were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection method was semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Data validation was performed by the participants using the verification method. Based on the research findings, the central category of the model is national resilience in global crises (improving organizational strength, increasing adaptability and ability to face risk). Causal conditions have two categories (personality traits and collective characteristics). The strategies in question are: (offensive, defensive, review and contingency). Background conditions also include: (ancillary skills and hospitalization conditions of the community). Interventional conditions (economic and political) also affect strategies and ultimately lead to consequences (infrastructure-cultural, social and individual).The resilience approach in global crises such as coronary heart disease ensures our ability to adapt to new and emerging events and to reduce the risk of exposure and to recover quickly from the effects of the events. based on the findings of the present study, health managers in the country as well as all members of society can use this model for collective resilience in the face of global crises.

In recent decades, with the development of information and communication technologies, existing movements in governance to improve relations between the people and the government were formed under the title of new governance. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors of participation in governance data. For this purpose, in the first step, the constituent elements of citizens' participation in open governance data were identified from the theoretical literature (by a systematic review method) and interviews with experts. The research community comprises 18 political and administrative experts from the organizations under the Ministry of Interior. Data collection tools are interviews and questionnaires. With a comprehensive review of the background of the research and soliciting opinions from experts, the number of 10 factors affecting citizens' participation in open governance data includes Personality characteristics, individual capabilities and internal motivation of citizens, external motivation of citizens, economic factors, organizational and legal factors, quality of open governance data platform, quality of open governance data services, cultural-social factors, political factors and international developments, in the form of a structural model. An interpretation was identified and leveled. The results showed that the realization of citizens' participation in open governance cannot be a purely executive decision by the government. However, various political, economic, cultural, social, organizational, and technological requirements and international developments related to each of them should be counted and analyzed. Furthermore, it finally planned and acted according to it in line with the general interests of the society.

Job crafting is a deconstructive concept that transcends the traditional view of human resource knowledge about job design. It is process through which employees play an active role in how their work is transformed. The objective of the present study is to design an interpretive structural model of job crafting. After identifying the preconditions for job crafting and including them in the semi-closed questionnaire, the questionnaire was distributed among 18 heads of units and experts of the National Oil Company of Kerman Province who were identified through conceptual sampling and snowballs. The data were analyzed through MATLAB 9 and Mick Mac 2 software. Finally, 16 variables at 8 levels, including entrepreneurial orientation, self-efficacy and social skills, job motivation, job independence, job security and organizational identity, job position and perceived organizational support, psychological capital, transformational leadership, servant leadership, employee leadership, leadership empowerment, two-way leadership, dynamic personality, were identified as preconditions for job crafting.

Entrepreneurship is a powerful tool for recognizing opportunities that can solve problems such as employment, lack of creative and dynamic human resources, low productivity, reduction in the quality of products and services, economic stagnation and increased competition. In recent years, the share of women in private businesses as well as in government jobs has gone through a growing trend.The success of women entrepreneurs in societies not only causes economic benefits, but also creates social and cultural benefits.This research is a sequential mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) with the aim of investigating and analyzing women's entrepreneurship based on home jobs using the systematic design of the foundation's data theory. For this purpose, while conducting open interviews with 19 professors and women entrepreneurs, a set of primary themes (138 themes) were collected during the recoding process until reaching theoretical saturation, and categories were extracted from them. Then, in the central coding stage, the link between these categories under the title of causal conditions (personality factors including cognitive, motivational, behavioral and business-related factors including customers, market, goods, work), central phenomenon (structural, process, behavioral, development), strategic factors (defensive, offensive, revision/adaptation, contingency/diversity), contextual conditions (work environment, ecology and family environment), intervening conditions (cultural, political, economic) and the consequences of women's entrepreneurship in home businesses at the level of ( individual, group and social) was determined.

The occurrence of critical events, accidents and catastrophes has existed unexpectedly throughout human life and has left different damages depending on the nature, severity, place and time of occurrence. In this situation, the need for collective resilience is felt, collective resilience shows the ability of society to respond to these crises.The present study seeks to investigate the factors affecting collective resilience in coronary arteries. In this study, after studying the research literature and identifying the factors affecting collective resilience and including them in the semi-closed questionnaire based on the Likert spectrum, a questionnaire was distributed among 16 experts in the field of management and public health. Snowball catches were identified.In the next step, the relationships between these components were determined using the structural equation method. According to the results, a total of 21 factors at six levels were identified as factors affecting collective resilience.The first level includes factors such as "perceptual resilience", "emotional resilience" and "behavioral resilience", the second level "social justice", "safety and security" and "crisis tolerance", the third level "good governance" and "health system governance" , The fourth level of "information systems management", "organizational and institutional resilience" and "social responsibility". The fifth level includes "social capital", "social intelligence", "social participation" and "sustainable supply chain", and the sixth level includes the components of "economic stability", "political system efficiency", "urban resilience" and "resistance economy".

leaders By helping employees find meaning in work, organizations can build their trust, psychological well-being, and strengthen and promote a positive ethical atmosphere.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this research is all Fasa police officers, their number has reached 214 in 2020. Due to the relative limitation of the statistical population, all its members have been selected as a sample and studied by census. The data collection tool was four standard questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using structural equations and Lisrel software.

The research findings indicate that: Committed leadership has a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. The results also show the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on service quality. On the other hand, the variable of committed leadership also affects trust in the leader and also trust in the leader affects organizational citizenship behavior. Trust in the leader also mediates the relationship between committed leadership and organizational citizenship behavior, and organizational citizenship behavior mediates the relationship between committed leadership and service quality.

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that the existence of committed leadership in the organization can lead to organizational citizenship behavior and improve the quality of services

Environmental fluctuations and turbulent changes have doubled the importance of employees' empowerment in facing with different situations and uncertain environment. Previous viewpoints about employees' performance have given their place to adaptive performance of employees to face uncertain and dynamic environments. Although there are many studies about effective factors on employee's adaptive performance, the purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive analysis of employees' adaptive performance. In terms of approach, this research is qualitative research and has been used meta-synthesis method. Data were collected from the 34 research on employees' adaptive performance published between 1999 and 2017. As results, while the definitions related to adaptive performance were classified, its antecedents were identified and classified in form of 58 codes, 15 constructive themes and 4 comprehensive themes including individual, job, group and organizational factors. Practically, the results of this study by identifying individual, job, group and organizational factors affecting adaptive performance help managers to perform better in identifying effective actions when faced with uncertain changes and situations.

Empowering leadership is a style of leadership in which leaders can regulate and coordinate the distribution and exercise of power with subordinates to develop their independence and self-control. Empowering leaders motivate people to break passive mindsets, increase their responsibility, and be more accountable for the consequences of their actions. The purpose of this study is to design an interpretive structural model of empowering leadership antecedents in sports organizations. In this study, after studying the research literature and identifying the precedents of empowering leadership and including them in a semi-closed questionnaire based on the Likert scale, a questionnaire was distributed among 18 managers and experts of sports organizations in Kerman province. Snowballs were identified. According to the results obtained from the analysis of recent survey data, a total of 12 variables in 5 levels, the first level (leader trust in employees, leader relationship, self-efficacy, risk-taking and self-esteem), the second level (organizational climate), the third level (organizational structure, distance Power and avoidance of uncertainty), the fourth level (leader personality and desire for control) and the fifth level (gender) were identified as the precursors of empowering leadership.

In present era, attention to the issue of employment and use of existing workforce is one of the main concerns of each state. Unemployment among disabled people, in addition to creating many economic problems and difficulties for them also reduces their human, social and cultural status in society and promotes the spirit of despair, self-consciousness, recession and disability among them. The purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the barriers to employment of motional disabled people in the private sector from the perspective of entrepreneurs and disabled people. The study, in purpose was an applied and in nature was a descriptive. Due to the complexity and specialty of this study, the statistical population of the study consisted of two groups. First group included all motional disabled people in Genaveh city (Bushehr province, south of Iran), who were over 15 years and second group was entrepreneurs in the city. A total of 67 people with motion-based disability were selected from the city using a snowball sampling method. Due to limited statistical population of the second group, all of them were selected as subjects (25 people). It should be noted that a number of entrepreneurs were experts in the welfare organization. In order to find an appropriate answer to identify the obstacles to employment of motional disabled persons, the interview was used in two stages. First, open-minded interviews with the motional disabled group were conducted to familiarize entrepreneurs with barriers faced by the motional disabled people. In the second stage, to determine which components expressed in terms of entrepreneurs were considered as real obstacles a supplementary interview was conducted with the entrepreneur Group. The result of this phase of the interview was the determination of all obstacles to the employment of motional disabled people in the private sector from the perspective of entrepreneurs. In this study, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was used to rank these barriers, the network analysis process (ANP) and Super Decisions software were used. Twenty and one components were identified as obstacles to employment of motional disabled people in the private sector. Confirmatory confirmation analysis showed that 21 component have been formed of five factors of individual ability, strategic, environmental, cost and attitude. All components have been influenced by their respective factors. It was also found that barriers to individual abilities the least important and strategic barriers are the most important barriers to employment. Of these 21 components, lack of a primary location for starting an activity with a weight of 0.0046 was the least important barrier, and persistence with a weight of 0.322 was the most important obstacle to the employment of motional disabled people was achieved According to the findings, it was found that motional disabled people in the field of employment in a private sector faced with five main obstacles individual ability, strategic, environmental, cost and attitude, which should be given serious attention.

Stating ethical teachings is of the most principal pillar of the divine religions to achieve human being to the perfection. These teachings have constantly been guidelines for the people of the world for business. The religious leaders with their speeches and conducts have encouraged their followers to attempt to be styled with moral ornament. The holy Islam religion as the last and most complete divine religion emphasizes on the consideration of the ethical principles through the verses of the noble Quran and Islamic traditions. The right and accurate comprehension of the ethical and fundamental values can be the first step to reach a healthy and desirable society. What regarded as the next and the most fundamental step is to practice the values in all life dimensions. With attention to the important duty of Iran Technical and Vocational Training Organization (TVTO) for training the skilled & experienced workers, it establishes an opportunity to increase the professional ethics meanwhile educating skills and revive the serving ground with the divine culture. In the present note with emphasizing on the importance of this matter, a selection of the Islam, Jewish and Christianity commands (instructions) have been examined with a comparative approach. For this, at first, the nature of the concepts of the ethics, professional ethics and the ethic relationship with the religions have been studied and also a brief history of its birth has been pointed. Beyond this, some of the Quran verses relating to the ethics have been investigated and at last, the ethical values of Islam, Jewish and Christianity about the professional ethics have been compared and the basic concepts of the ethical values in these religions have been collected. At the end, suggestions have been put forward.

In each of the various factors that affect the performance of the staff of these factors are different depending on the nature and goals of the organization. Therefore, managers should pay attention to it to achieve the fundamental objectives of the organization.

Purpose of this study is to identify the impact of organizational factors on the performance of employees.

The research for the purpose and the method of research is descriptive-correlation. The population of this study included all operational staff (Fire) Fire Department in Kerman form. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire with reliability performance 0/799 and organizational factors affecting the reliability of the 0/889 Data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS24 science appeared and Smart PLS 2 is used.

The results showed that overall organizational factors have a positive impact on the performance of employees.

Adaptability variables, leadership and mission of the organization have a positive effect on employee performance but the agent does not affect communication with stakeholders on the performance of employees.