فهرست مطالب محمد کاظمی

Papaya (Carica papaya) is a tropical tree that leaves, fruits, seeds and roots has many medicinal and edible uses. Choosing the appropriate planting medium is one of the important ways to improve seedling growth of fruit trees. By improving the physical and chemical properties, it causes better absorption of nutrients and improves plant growth. Also, aerial root pruning to produce seedlings with branched and strong root systems is one of the effective factors in growing plants.

To study the effect of different culture media and aerial root pruning on the growth of Papaya (Carica papaya), an experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized statistical design with three replications and two factors of planting media (cocopeat 100%, peat mass 100%, and cocopeat 70% + perlite 30%, peat moss 70% + perlite 30%) and performing or not performing aerial root pruning was implemented in the greenhouse. The seeds were sown in the culture trays containing the desired planting beds, and horizontal cuts were made in the walls of the culture tray cavities to perform aerial pruning of the roots in the desired treatments. Sampling was done 50 days after sowing the seeds and some morphologic, physiologic and biochemical traits include fresh and dry weight of seedlings, root length, seedling height, internode length, node number, leaf area, total chlorophyll, peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were analyzed.

The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the assessed traits so that the highest fresh and dry weight of seedlings (1.69, 0.66 g, respectively), root length (17.66 cm), seedling height (7.92 cm), internode length (8.61 mm) and node number (4.67) were observed in 70% peat moss + 30% perlite and no aerial root pruning. The maximum leaf area (9.14 cm3) and total chlorophyll (1.69 mg g-1 FW) content were obtained in the 100% peat moss planting bed treatment and no aerial root pruning and the 70% peat moss + 30% perlite treatment and root aerial pruning. The highest activity of peroxidase (37.60 U enzyme-1 FW), catalase (7.60 U enzyme-1 FW) and superoxide dismutase (16.08 U enzyme-1 FW) enzymes was also in 100% peat moss treatment and root aerial pruning.

In general, the results of this research showed that the combination of two organic and inorganic substrates, peat mass 70% and perlite 30%, showed the best effect on vegetative characteristics and total chlorophyll content in papaya. Also, the highest activity of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes was observed in 100% peat moss bed. Root aerial pruning also decreased the evaluated growth characteristics and increased the total chlorophyll content and activity of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. According to the results, different culture media had different physical and chemical characteristics that can affect plant growth. In this research it is recommended to sowing papaya seeds in 70% peat moss and 30% perlite and not to perform aerial root pruning to produce this product.

The increasing human needs and changes in climate patterns have led to the construction of water storage structures to meet the water demand in many regions worldwide, including Iran. Consequently, the hydrological regimes of rivers in various parts of Iran, due to human activities such as dam construction, have undergone alterations in recent decades. Understanding the effects of dams on river hydrological regimes is essential for river flow management and the preservation of river ecosystems. In this regard, the present study assesses the changes in the health of the Urmia's Shahrchai River flow during three periods: pre-dam construction, dam construction, and dam operation, from 1951 to 2017, through calculating different flow health related indices. The results indicate that the deviation of all hydrological health sub-indices in the post-dam construction period is higher than the pre-dam construction period. Moreover, the deviation of flow regime sub-indicators was predominantly low to moderate until 1998 and varied from low to very high after 1998. Additionally, the highest deviation of studied flow health-related indices occurred during the reference and dam operation periods for flood occurrence and minimum monthly flow, respectively, while during the dam construction period, it pertained to minimum monthly flow. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the hydrologic health of Shahrchai River flow decreased by approximately 16% and 45% during the dam construction/operation periods, respectively, compared to the reference period. The results of this study can be utilized in the understanding of flow alteration and the sustainable regulation of the Shahrchai River flow regime.

Today, self-injury behavior has a significant prevalence among teenagers, and appropriate skills and interventions are necessary to prevent this destructive behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on social cognition and adaptive behaviors in students with self-harm. The method of this research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all the male students with self-injurious behavior who referred to the Babol education counseling center in the academic year of 1400-1401. The research sample included 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people) by lottery. The subjects responded to the questionnaires of Gratz's intentional self-harm (2001), Nejati et al.'s social cognition (2017), child and adolescent social/adaptive functioning, Price et al.'s (2003) before and after the intervention. Dialectical behavior therapy was implemented in 12 sessions of 90 minutes and twice a week in the experimental group and during this period the control group did not receive any type of treatment. Data analysis was done using mean, standard deviation and covariance analysis by SPSS software version 24. The results showed that the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy had an effect on social cognition and adaptive behaviors in students with self-harm (P<0.01). Based on the findings, dialectical behavior therapy was effective in increasing social cognition and adaptive behaviors in students with self-harm; therefore, dialectical behavior therapy can be suggested as a suitable intervention to reduce problems in students with self-harm.

The effort of this article is to solve one of the main problems in the field of banking, which is closely related to the field of information technology. The combination of the management discussion of this topic with the field of information technology will be one of the important topics in the field of information technology management. The main goal of this article is the clustering of bank customers.At first, all customer characteristics were extracted from the bank's database, which was randomly extracted for 900,000 customers, which will be provided as input to the proposed method of this article. All the characteristics of these customers were extracted and 10 characteristics (except four characteristics of the LRFM method) were listed using the opinions of experts. The proposed method should be able to choose among these 10 features for clustering customers, which results in more resolution in clustering. Due to the high number of cases of this problem, it is not possible to do it manually, and the proposed method tries to provide a separate model for clustering for the customers of each bank by examining different cases. Also, the problem of choosing the right value for the number of clusters in the K-means method is solved by the method proposed in this article. The results show that it is better than the basic RFM and LRFM methods.Keywords: relationship management with bank customers, clustering, RFM model, LRFM model, particle swarm algorithm, K-means method.

Flooding is one of the environmental hazards that causes a lot of repeated damage to water and soil resources in different regions of Iran and around the world. Check dams as a mechanical practice have been built in many watershed areas of the country to control peak discharge and prevent soil erosion. Therefore, it is essential to examine the role of these mechanical practices in flood control at the level of watersheds. The current study aims to investigate the effect of the construction of three proposed structures (two masonry check dams and one embankment dam), with spillway heights of 9, 6, and 8 meters, on flood characteristics in Kander Abdolreza watershed, Fars province, Iran. In other words, this study examines whether the construction of these three consecutive structures fulfills the goal of the operation, which is flood control through a significant reduction in peak discharge and flood volume in the study area. Therefore, the most important variables in this study is the flood volume and the volume of reservoirs proposed for flood control. The amount of flood volume is extracted from the flood hydrograph, and the volume of reservoirs is obtained using a contour map and storage-height curves. It is obvious that if the volume of the reservoir is more than the volume of the flood, all the flood will be attenuated by the structure and the runoff would not pass through the spillway of the dam. 

In this study, the HEC-HMS model was used to simulate the rainfall-runoff process and the reservoir effect of each of the three proposed consecutive check dams on flood characteristics. The study area, Kander Abdul Reza watershed, is located about 27 kilometers southeast of Lamerd city, Fars province, Iran. According to the division of watersheds in the country, it is part of the Kol-Mehran basin which is a subbasin of the major basin of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this regard, after preparing the required data, including properties related to topography, rainfall, soil hydrologic group, and designed structures, the peak discharge and volume of flood under different return periods were estimated using the HEC-HMS model. Ghahreman-Abkhezr method was also used to estimate the intensity of rainstorms. The characteristics of the flood in the downstream were investigated in the absence of three proposed structures (two masonry check dams and one embankment dam) and in the next step, the effect of these reservoirs/dams on the hydrograph of the flood was analyzed. Due to the fact that the proposed structures are located upstream of the residential area and the highway, the basis of the design of the structures was the flood discharge with a return period of 100 years. Finally, using the obtained results, the percentage of reduction in the peak discharge of the flood under the influence of the construction of each of the reservoirs/dams was determined and compared.

The outcomes of SCS unit hydrograph for Kander Abdolreza watershed showed that the flood peak discharge in the return period of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years is equal to 7, 32, 46, 72, 91, and 116 m3.s-1, respectively; so that the time base of the hydrograph varies from 6.5 hours in the 2-year return period to nearly 9 hours in the 100-year return period. Meanwhile, the volume of runoff varies from 1.73 m3 in the return period of 2 years to 1053 m3 in the return period of 100 years. The results also showed that if the three proposed three consecutive structures were built, with a total reservoir volume of 614367 m3, the peak flood discharge would fall from 116 m3.s-1 to 32 m3.s-1 over a 100-year return period. In addition, the outcomes of the simulation of the rainfall-runoff process in the study watershed indicated that the reduction in the peak discharge and volume of the flood after the implementation of the proposed structural measures for the 50-year return period was 84% and 73%, respectively; and for the 100-year return period it was reduced by 72% and 57%, respectively. Thus, according to the results of the simulation of the effect of the designed structures, it can be claimed that the proposed structures for the study watershed would have the ability to mitigate and control floods.

The implementation of the proposed structural measures for the Kander Abdolreza watershed, including two masonry check dams and one embankment dam, in addition to reducing the peak discharge and the volume of flood flows, can stabilize the longitudinal profile of the stream channels, which is useful for the conservation of soil and water resources in the study area. At different return periods (2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years), the three proposed structures have the required capacity to store runoff and reduce the peak discharge in the study watershed; however, as the return period increases, the role of these reservoirs/dams in controlling the flood and reducing the peak flow decreases. Moreover, the effect of the proposed consecutive structures system on peak flow reduction is greater than the effect of these structures on flood volume reduction.In general, to increase the effectiveness of the watershed studies plans, it is recomended to include the study of the impact of the implementation of structural measures on the characteristics of flood flows in the service description worksheet of these projects so that the decision to carry out or not to carry out for structural operations in each basin or sub-basin is made based on the simulation results and with more detailed information. In addition, to better evaluate the proposed structural measures for flood control, it is suggested to prioritize the installation of hydrometric stations in ungauged watersheds that are prone to flood generation.

Machine learning is a new artificial intelligence method that seeks to write a program with the best performance by using learning experience. Machine learning models with different algorithms can be predictive or descriptive or have both properties and be used in different fields. On the other hand, for better management of flood risk reduction, it is necessary to know the effective factors in each region and flood sensitivity analysis. Since so far, few researchers have analyzed the threshold of influence of variables affecting the occurrence of floods using machine learning methods, the current research is new in this respect. Based on this, the current research has been conducted to identify the threshold of variables affecting the zoning of flooded areas using machine learning and remote sensing data in the Karun Basin area. The results can be put on the agenda of the relevant managers in identifying the influence limits of different variables on the occurrence of floods and the management of flood-sensitive areas by relying on the effective limits of the variables in the study area.

Landsat OLI 8 images on April 8, 2019 were used to identify flooded areas. In this regard, to identify groundwater, the corresponding image of the previous year of the region was used to separate and identify groundwater zones. Then, the remaining pixels of the study area as whole samples and flooded areas were entered into the modelling process as target samples. Therefore, flooded areas with a code of one and other areas with a code of zero entered the modelling process as dependent variables. Also, the variables that were entered as independent variables in the machine learning process include actual evaporation and transpiration, land use, soil density mass, soil clay percentage, soil water deficit, DEM, NDVI, land cover index, Palmer drought severity index, potential evaporation and transpiration, precipitation. cumulative, soil sand percentage, soil texture, soil moisture, minimum and maximum temperature. Next, by entering these variables and performing the machine learning process, the models were evaluated and TreeNet was selected as the best model. Then the threshold of each of the studied components on flood zones was obtained from machine learning. Also, in the present study, learning and test data were used in a ratio of 70% to 30% and completely randomly. It is worth noting that the number of 200 trees with at least six nodes was set for modelling.

Different components have certain thresholds at the beginning of land flooding so regarding vegetation as the most important effective factor in flood zoning, it shows that the lack of vegetation causes flooding, and the higher the level of vegetation, the more it prevents flooding. Also, the cumulative precipitation threshold for flooding the studied area was 15 mm of rainfall, and less than that, the incoming rainfall did not pose a risk of flooding the studied lands. The amount of 15.5 mm of rainfall was the turning point and the threshold of the beginning of the flooding in the study area. Regarding the soil moisture deficiency index, it shows that the threshold of flooding based on this index was 144, in other words when the soil moisture profile is more than the mentioned value, the incoming precipitation must compensate for the soil moisture deficiency, and as a result, floods will be prevented. On the other hand, most flooding conditions have existed at a height of 16 m, and as the height increases, the risk of flooding the studied area decreases, so that there is a failure at a height of 19 m, and when the height reaches 22.5 m, the risk Flooding disappears, and at a height higher than 26 m, flooding is restrained and will reach a steady state. The reason for this can be the plainness of the studied area and the widening of the flood zone in the plain.

The results showed that the components of the vegetation cover index, cumulative precipitation, soil water deficit, Palmer drought index, height, and surface soil moisture respectively had the greatest effect on the flooding of the studied area. Also, in the studied area, the effect of soil sand percentage, soil clay percentage, soil density, potential evaporation and transpiration, slope direction, maximum daily temperature, and soil texture on flood zoning was insignificant. The evaluation of the efficiency of the model with the indicators of ROC, specificity, sensitivity, and overall accuracy is 0.95, 91.2, 90.43, and 91.12, respectively, which indicates accuracy. The results of flood zoning with the ground reality indicated R2 and MAE equal to 72.8% and 0.27%, which confirms the accuracy of the zoning results with the ground reality relatively well. The analysis of the results shows that there will be an increased risk of flooding in the wetland and swamp areas due to the high humidity and water level. The results of the present research can be used by planners and managers of natural hazards to reduce floods.

Housing has other objectives such as providing multiple services and providing the needs of people living in that place. When the decision to determine a specified location for the residence, it is important to provide an acceptable level of satisfaction. People are satisfied with their residence time that they meet their needs. People are the most important factors in architecture; therefore designers and architects need to try and work towards providing and promoting the level of satisfaction in residential complexes. In order to investigate the promotion of satisfaction and its influential factors in high - rise residential complexes , support spaces are considered. The research method is descriptive - analytical and based on the applied goal. The method of data collection was library method and for main data of research , field method was considered. The data collection tool is edinterviews with residents of residential complex in chamran campus using questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by using spss25 software. The results showed that the first priority of supporting space related to service spaces such as the existence of lift and …, after that the existence of garbage dump in the complex, then existence of safe spaces with safety and perfect security for children and existence of shops in order to meet the needs of collection for residents were important.

It is necessary to predict the influencing parameters on homogeneous watersheds for the future in order to make decision and correct management. In this research, 19 bioclimatic variables extracted from the ESM4-GFDL general circulation model based on ssp126 scenario and then were clustered in two statistical periods, including the years average of 1981-2010 and the average of 2041-2070, and also homogeneous watersheds were identified for two statistical periods. Also, the intensity of utility in homogeneous watersheds was investigated. The results showed that the homogeneous watersheds located in cluster 4, will be involved with the highest changes in increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation and it will cover about 16% of the area of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. On the other hand, in all homogeneous watersheds, the seasonal changes in precipitation and average air temperatures of the wettest quarter have an increasing trend, which shows the disproportionate temporal distribution of precipitation will be occurred, then the problems lead to destructive floods, the reduction of plants and agricultural productions and destruction of native habitats of the regions. In this regard, Kohrang city has been studied as the most critical city and has the least desirable area, 23.38 and 22.35 in two periods, respectively.

Two of the important issues in the construction of structures located in seismic coastal areas are the study of the potential of liquefaction phenomenon in saturated sandy soils and seismic structure-foundation-soil interaction (SSFSI). Control of structure damage on the liquefiable soil and large deformations of soil due to seismic loading and, also, the other responses such as: the accelerations at top of the structure/foundation and excess pore water pressure related of this phenomenon are very important. The phenomenon of liquefaction happens due to the occurrence of an earthquake and due to the lack of sufficient opportunity for drainage of excess pore water pressure. One of the effective and useful mitigation methods to control of the liquefaction phenomenon is the usage of dense granular column (DGC) in appropriate dimensions and distances on the ground susceptible to liquefaction. The role of the DGC in controlling the liquefaction phenomenon are follow as: firstly, the DGC is made of materials that are more permeable to sandy soils and cause the excess pore water pressure to be dissipate faster, and secondly, DGC increases the stiffness of the system, which proportionally reduces the excess water pore pressure due to the dilative behavior. To reduce the risks of liquefaction, it is necessary to fully understand its consequences. These consequences depend on permanent soil displacements, structural performance, structural characteristics, foundation and structure dimensions, soil conditions of the structure site, type of loading and earthquake intensity. The presence of the structure and impact of SSFSI affects the intensity of liquefaction and static and dynamic stresses in the soil. Most prior studies (e.g., physical, numerical, or analytical models), ignore the existence of the structure or consider the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on the liquefiable soil layer as an equivalent model. Hitherto, the essence and extend of these interactions are not sufficiently understood. These methods can not properly assess the damage caused by liquefaction; Therefore, these methods cannot be used in the design of structures resistant to liquefaction. Therefore, to accurately study the effect of liquefaction, a method and model is needed that can fully consider the soil, foundation, and structure so that it can be used to correctly estimate the amount of subsidence and displacement of the structure. In this study, to evaluate the seismicity and the mitigation effect of DGCs, using OpenSees finite element software, modeling of DGCs and surrounding soils without structure and models with 5, 10 and 15 storey structures were performed. The three-dimensional soil and DGCs modeled in the software are placed under different earthquakes and the effects of structural layers on the lateral displacement, excess pore water pressure, response of acceleration spectrum, drift and shear force of stories are investigated. The liquefiable soil is modelled through the pressure-dependent multi yield surface soil constitutive law (PDMY02) applied in OpenSees. The results of this study are shown the positive effect of DGC on the reduction of lateral displacement components of soil and structure, foundation subsidence and excess water pore pressure. Also, the presence of the structure on the soil and the increase of its floors have increased the mentioned components except for lateral displacement of soil.

Mohammad Kazemi  *PhD of Architecture, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranAbstractMuseum designing is a three-dimensional and hybrid process. It interconnects various disciplines such as architecture, graphic design, interior design, audio-visual graphics, and print graphics. Museum’s transformation during the 1930s is the main reason that drives storytelling to be adopted in the daily display routine of museums. Storytelling communicates meanings and mediates human knowledge of the world, humans, and architecture. Verbal storytelling, written storytelling, visual storytelling, and spatial storytelling help all age groups to communicate with the collections of the museums. In this paper, we investigate the role of the different kinds of storytelling in the museum's design process. We use an original survey of meaning and interpretation drawn from the fields of philosophy, linguistics, hermeneutics, humanistic geography, narrative theory, psychology, architectural theory and museology. In addition, we use researchers' personal perceptions and experiences. This study uses two case studies (Australian National Maritime Museum and Hong Kong Museum of History) to demonstrate how museums are currently utilizing storytelling and show the fundamental tools for its success. The results of this paper indicate that our understanding of master narratives needs more time and focus. The master narrative has to be followed and leaves little space for unrestricted meaning-making. Furthermore, in the non-linear storytelling, each thematic display can establish a separate identity. Then, museum architecture suggests a delightful environment for communicating meanings by self-learning and organized embodied experience of an entire space.

Today, changes in the volume and type of customer demand are a serious and signi cant problem for manufacturing companies. To address this problem, new production systems, including the dynamic cellular manufacturing system, have provided some solutions. In this system, the layout of machines can be changed from one period to another according to changes in demand. On the other hand, in the problem of scheduling parts in the cellular manufacturing system, the relocation of machines is usually done between two periods. Still, no time is considered for this relocation, and it is necessary to consider this time to determine the completion time of parts exactly. This paper introduces an innovative mathematical model to address the scheduling challenges in a cellular manufacturing system with continuous periods. The proposed model allows for dynamic machine relocation and layout changes within each period while taking into account the associated time and cost factors involved in the movement process. The possibility of machine relocation during the period can increase the system's dynamics. In the proposed model, cell formation coincides with scheduling. Other features of the model include alternative processing routes and the existence of identical versions of a machine. The objective of the proposed model is to minimize the total costs of completion time, machine relocation, and intracellular and intercellular material handling. The objective of the proposed model is to minimize the total costs of completion time, machine relocation, and intracellular and intercellular material handling. Validation of the proposed model is performed in ve steps. The results of examining the features of the proposed model show that the model can eectively reduce completion time and other costs. Finally, to solve the model in larger sizes, two meta-heuristic algorithms of simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithm (GA) have been designed, and the obtained results have been compared with the results of CPLEX solver.

This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and microscopic method in comparison with PCR in the detection of Plasmodium vivax parasites in suspected malaria cases.

In a cross-sectional study, out of 207 febrile patients suspected of malaria, for microscopic diagnosis, blood sample was taken from each person's finger and spread, and after staining with Giemsa dye, were examined with a 100 X optical microscope lens. Whole blood samples were collected from all suspected individuals and rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and also DNA extraction and PCR was performed. To check the validity of different methods while calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, drawing ROC curve, Kappa coefficient (к) was used to measure the agreement of the tests.

In this study, microscopy and RDT compared to PCR have sensitivity of 96% and 94% and specificity of 100% and 98.2%, respectively also, the kappa coefficient in the microscopic method is 0.96 and the RDT was 0.91.

Considering the values of sensitivity and specificity, as well as the high kappa coefficient in the microscopic method and RDT, both methods have a very good agreement with the PCR.

Soil erosion is one of the most significant environmental problems in the world; it is a threat to food security, the environment, natural resources and causes socio-economic problems. In this regard, the importance of estimating the amount of erosion to adopt appropriate management methods in different areas has been established. Among the existing models of soil erosion and sedimentation, models that can predict soil erosion and sediment performance can be useful and widely used. In this regard, the IntErO model, which is a graphical computer method based on the EPM erosion potential method embedded in its algorithm, can be applied.

This study aimed to estimate the severity of soil erosion and runoff using the comprehensive, rapid, and effective IntEro model in the Kahouristan watershed. After collecting basic information, 26 input variables were extracted and calculated using topographic maps, geology, geology, land use, and climate data. In this regard, to estimate the inputs of the IntErO model, at first, the physiographic and topographic features of the Kahouristan watershed were extracted using a 1: 25000 digital map and the boundary of the information range. Also, the lowest and highest elevation points, the lowest value of the alignment line, and the equal distance between the alignment lines were determined. Geological and land use characteristics of the region Geological and land use maps were used. The maximum probable precipitation (PMP) method was used to achieve the height of torrential rainfall. Finally, after preparing all the inputs of the IntErO model, the computational data for the Kahouristan watershed were entered into the graphical environment of the software, and the components related to erosion and sediment as well as the maximum outflow from the Kahouristan watershed were estimated using the model.

The results showed that the drainage density was 1.35 in the Kahouristan watershed using the IntEro model, and the infiltration coefficient of the watershed and the vegetation cover coefficient were 0.67 and 0.84, respectively. Also, the coefficient of water retention in the studied area was found to be 0.91 and the potential of water flow during flash floods was found to be 6597.04. On the other hand, the erosion energy coefficient in the study area was found to be 102.12 using the Intro model, and the total erosion in the mentioned area was equal to 3456636.72, and the erosion coefficient of the Kahouristan watershed was 0.918. The amount of real soil erosion and special real soil erosion in the studied watershed is 631152.53 m3/year and 150.14 m3/Km2.year, respectively. The re-sedimentation coefficient of sediments due to erosion was 0.183.   

The results of the current research showed that the permeability coefficient of the study watershed was 0.67, which according to the value of the vegetation coefficient which was 0.84, it can be said that the appropriate cover in the area has caused the permeability. However, the drainage density in the study area was 1.35, which indicates the resistance of the soil in the area against erosion.
Also, examining the results shows that the maximum output flow estimated by the mentioned model for the study watershed is about 1778 m3/s. Examining the maximum outflow with the 21-year statistics of the Kahouristan hydrometric station shows that the maximum outflow from the study watershed is about 1635 m3/s, which indicates the appropriate performance of the model in estimating the maximum outflow from the study watershed. Based on this, it is recommended to use this model in estimating the output flow and other characteristics in the study watershed. Another hand, the results showed the predominance of rill erosion in the area and the transfer of sediments to the outlet of the basin. According to the model results, estimating the amount of erosion in the study area was not accurate enough. However, estimating the maximum output current from the basin based on the available statistics indicated good results; in other words, the use of this model is recommended in estimating the output current and other characteristics, but in areas having similarities with Kahouristan watershed conditions, heavy and short rainfalls for estimating the amount of erosion is not recommended due to its inability to provide appropriate results. Finally, it is suggested that other models of erosion and sediment assessment for the Kahouristan watershed and other watersheds with similar conditions in this respect be studied and compared with the IntEro model as well.

It is necessary to evaluate the effects of the construction of man-made structures, including dams, on river regimes to optimally exploit water resources. Therefore, in the current study, the effects of the construction of the Shamil and Nyan dams in Hormozgan province on the hydrological indicators and environmental flow components of the Shamil River were evaluated and analyzed using IHA hydrological indicators. The results of the evaluations showed that the construction of the Shamil and Nyan dams has changed the flow regime. After the construction of Shamil and Nyan dams, the flow of the river has decreased only from the middle of November to the end of February at the same time as the harvesting of off-season crops in Hormozgan province, and the flow of the Shamil river has increased in the rest of the months. Also, floods with a return period of more than 10 years after the construction of the dam did not occur and the trend of small floods after the construction of the dam became regular so that the peak discharge of small floods in the period before the construction of the dam was 80.23 and in the period after the construction of the dam was 75.50 m3.s-1 and has decreased by about 6%. Day numbers of minimum flow have increased from 294 days before the construction of the dam to 301 days after the construction of the dam. On the other hand, the low limit flow timing index showed that the lowest flow limit changed from 46 days after the construction of the dam to 275 days in the period after the construction of the dam. The results of the present study can be used as a basis for the sustainable management of water resources of the Shamil River.

Anomaly detection has been in researchers’ scope of study for a long time. The wide variety of anomaly detection use cases ranges from quality control in production lines to providing security in public places. One of the most attractive topics in anomaly detection is in video surveillance systems. In this paper, we propose a method that works based on frame prediction and optical flow to improve anomaly detection in videos. The use of optical flows in normal frames helps the system to better detect the entrance of people or objects to forbidden areas by its information about the amount of movement in different regions of the frames. Based on the optical flow of normal videos and that of current video, the threshold for anomaly decision is adaptively adjusted. This could ultimately lead to a better overall performance of the anomaly detection system compared to the recent similar works. The presented method is general and can be simply incorporated to other video anomaly detection systems to improve the detection accuracy.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the physical expansion and spatial changes of heat islands in Minab city during three time periods (1975-1988, 1988-2000, and 2000-2014). For this purpose, TM and OLI images of Landsat satellite were  used. The physical changes of the city were obtained by analyzing the values extracted from the two indices of normalized difference built (NDBI) and normalized difference vegetation (NDVI). To find heat islands of the city, single-channel and separate-window algorithms  and to investigate the contribution of population growth and urban horizontal growth on changes in heat islands, Shannon and Holdren entropy models were  used. The results showed that the maximum amount of physical expansion of the city happened 901.61 hectares, in the years 1988 to 2000 of which 55.6 percent was based on population growth and 44.4 percent was based on the incrae of land per capita. The area of the heat islands was estimated to be 112.96 hectares, indicating the north-south and east-west trend, which has grown more than 4 times compared to the previous period. The share of population factor in this growth was 62.8 hectares and the share of urban sprawl was 50.16 hectares. The Shannon’s entropy value was 0.3, indicating an unrestricted growth in the considered period. In general, in the 39-year period, a 5 fold increase in the size, a 6.34 fold increase in the population and a 5.7 fold increase in the heat islands area were observed in the Minab city. Since no documentary report has been presented regarding the investigation of heat islands in Minab city, the results of the present research can be used to manage the concentration of the city points.

In diesel engines, for reasons such as increasing power and efficiency, reducing volume, reducing weight and increasing combustion quality, it is very common to employ a turbocharger. One of the most common problems in diesel engines is the absorption of soot particles in the turbocharger outlet, which clogged after a while. The blocked filter prevent to exhaust the gases with required flow rate, as a result, the back pressure and temperature of exhaust gases increase. This factor causes the turbocharger to be located near the unstable operating range and these factors expected to change the vibration behavior of this set. In this study, by creating several levels of soot particle clogging at 2500 and 3200 RPM, the turbocharger vibration signal was stored. Using this non-destructive method, more accurate data obtained to perform active Regeneration than the conventional method. Employing fast Fourier transform on stored time signal and filtering expected range of the signal, the turbocharger operating frequencies were determined and by extracting the frequency domain characteristics and comparing them, it observed that the power spectrum density and spectral flux had a resolution of approx. It has 4 times more than other features in indexing this event. In addition, as the engine speed increases, the soot filter clogging has a greater effect on the vibration behavior of the turbocharger.

today , construction of tall buildings is a part of modern urbanism . most of the people living in large and large cities of the world have to live in large apartment complexes which are also high - rise . one of the important components in the design of these buildings is to regulate the desired temperature inside the building and create a thermal comfort zone for residents considering the energy consumption limitations . in this research , a case study was considered , which is a high – rise residential building located in shiraz city , which has been tried by using double - glazed windows . since there are other methods for these cases , such as design and implementation of double skin facades , at first different double - glazed windows and double skin facades were introduced . and the characteristics of each of them were described . then , in order to identify the desired option , both structures were compared and the result was obtained which , considering the advantages and disadvantages of each of these two structures , in terms of the advantages and disadvantages of each of these two structures , in terms of supplying the desired temperature of the building and creating the thermal comfort zone for the residents and also increase in productivity in building energy consumption is a more appropriate option .

Sustainable architect considers the performance of new designs regarding recycling, hazardous substances, energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and other environmental impact objectives. Sustainable architect assesses the entire building life cycle. Therefore, this study aims to investigate awareness, attitude and behavioural intention. We used the questionnaire of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs to gather data of stores from 1st Sadeghiyeh square to Poonak square of Tehran in 2022. Eighty sellers were chosen, and 61 sellers answered the questionnaire. Data were validated by descriptive statistics, reliability analysis with Cronbach's alpha test, correlation coefficient and P-Value. Results clarified that awareness of environmental and sustainable architecture issues is from medium to high. Information in this field was gathered from radio and television, and web sources. Furthermore, the importance of sustainable architecture issues is from medium to high. There was a strong behavioural intention to reduce energy consumption in the buildings. Based on the results of this study, we concluded that increasing awareness of environmental and sustainable architecture issues causes increasing behavioural intention in this field.