مختار عارفی

The aim of the present study is to repeat the concept of the obedience to authority test of Stanley Milgram (1963-1974) by controlling the influence of disturbing variables raised by critics such as (the role of laboratory conditions, the believable implementation of deception, the effect of trust in the normal personality of the experimenter, the legroom effect using stimulating and coercive sentences) in a comprehensive plan and also investigating the correlation of two variables of age and gender with the level of obedience to authority.

The quasi-experimental research method was pre-test-post-test of one group and also of correlation type. The statistical population included all undergraduate students in the field of psychology at Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah branch in the academic year 1401-1402, and using the available sampling method, a class of 30 people from the psychology department was selected as a sample. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software version 26 was used for data analysis.

The results indicated that 84% of the subjects obeyed the orders of the authority significantly (p=0). Also, there was no correlation (r=0.047-0.008) between the variables of age and gender and the level of obedience.

Considering that in the present study, the influence of disturbing variables that had influenced the results of Milgram's research was controlled, the results obtained showed a high level of obedience in line with Milgram's research.

The human body has a circadian rhythm too, which is repeated every 24 hours. According to the changes in the night shift work of nurses, it can be expected that marital satisfaction will be affected by sleep quality and fatigue caused by waking up during the night. However, few studies have been conducted regarding the impact of this index on the marital life of nurses.

The present study was conducted to explain the structural equation model of marital satisfaction based on sexual self-efficacy with the mediation of circadian rhythms in female nurses.

This research is descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this research was all married female nurses working in government hospitals of Tehran in 2023 in number of 2361 people. 330 sample people were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Sexual self-efficacy questionnaire (Vaziri and Lotfi Kashani 2018), Marital satisfaction scale (Hudson et al., 1981), and Circadian rhythms scale (Jaafari Roudbandi et al., 2012) as data collection tools were used. After confirming the normality of the data, the structural equation model was used with SmartPLS3 software.

The results showed that the mentioned indicators have an acceptable t value at a significant level (p< 0.05), so they are effective in changing the marital satisfaction of nursing women. Also, the mediating role of circadian rhythms on these relationships was confirmed.

Based on these results, it can be concluded that by educating nurses about circadian rhythms and improving sleep quality, effective steps can be taken to improve marital satisfaction and sexual self-efficacy which is the basic basis of marital relationship strength.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is the most common psychological problem after disasters and accidents. Religious themes indicate that people call upon God when faced with threatening situations. Psychopathological research has also shown that shocking and threatening events may cause symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in some susceptible people. Also, researches have shown that the characteristic of neuroticism can aggravate suffering from post-traumatic stress.

This study aims to investigate the structural relationships of neuroticism and conscientiousness in earthquake victims with post-traumatic stress experience with the mediating role of religious beliefs.

This research was applied, descriptive-survey and correlational with structural equation model. The statistical population included the survivors of the Azgole earthquake in Kermanshah in 1396, who were considered as the statistical population in 1401. The sample size was estimated to be 384 people using the table of Morgan and Krejci, who completed the post-traumatic stress scale of Wedders et al. (1993), the scale of religious beliefs of Allport (1967) and personality traits of McCree and Costa (2021). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the distribution of the variables, and the Pearson correlation test was used to check the correlation between the variables. Hypotheses testing was analyzed using Imus 24 software.

The results of the research indicated that religious beliefs play a mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and post-traumatic stress. Also, the results showed that religious beliefs significantly moderate the relationship between conscientiousness and post-traumatic stress.

According to the results of the current research on the mediating role of religious beliefs in the relationship between personality and post-traumatic stress in people affected by earthquakes, it is suggested that therapists design their therapeutic interventions with an emphasis on religious resources and beliefs and in training, capacities and resources Ritual positivity of people should be taken into consideration by mental health guardians.

The effects of corona anxiety have become one of the main health challenges that endanger people's quality of life. Therefore, this research investigated the relationship between Corona anxiety, Corona knowledge, and social support with the mediating role of quality of life in this field.

The present work follows a descriptive approach and the correlational design of the structural equation model type. The statistical population included all women working at the health centers of Kermanshah in the second half of 2022; among them, 364 were selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) of Alipour et al. (2020), the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) Questionnaire (1998), the researcher-made Questionnaire of Corona Knowledge, and the multidimensional perceived social support scale of Zimet et al. (1988). Moreover, the data was analyzed by the structural equation method using the SPSS (version 25) and PLS3 Smart software.

The results of this study indicated that the direct effect of corona knowledge (P<0.05, β=-0.208) and its indirect effects through quality of life (P<0.05, β=0.134) on corona anxiety were significant. In addition, the direct impact of social support (P<0.01, β=-0.377) and its indirect effect through quality of life (P<0.05, β=0.049) on corona anxiety were meaningful. The corona knowledge and social support had a negative and significant relationship with corona anxiety, and quality of life played a mediating role in this relationship.

By providing appropriate educational and supportive interventions in response to health crises, it is possible to improve individuals' quality of life and reduce their anxiety significantly.

This research was conducted to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on resilience, hardiness, and quality of life of employees at the power distribution company. The study method was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with a control group and a three-month follow-up, conducted on all employees working at the power distribution company in Kermanshah province in 2022. A total of 40 individuals participated in the study. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control (20 individuals in each group). After the pre-test using the hardiness scale (Kobasa, 1979), resilience (Connor, 1979), and quality of life (Testa, 2014), the experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 90 minutes each week of acceptance and commitment-based therapy, while the control group received no training. To assess the impact of the training, a post-test was administered to both the experimental and control groups. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS.23 software and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy led to a significant difference in hardiness, resilience, and quality of life among employees of the power distribution company (P≤0.001).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of marital adjustment based on the main family’s health with the mediating role of emotion adjustment difficulty, conflict management, and sexual intimacy in teacher couples. This study was descriptive-correlational in terms of nature, and was applied in terms of objective. The statistical population of the study was all teacher couples of Kermanshah city in academic year 2020-2021, among whom 300 were selected Stepwise random sampling. The research data were collected through Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976), Main Family’s Health Scale )Hovestadt et al., 1985), Emotion Adjustment Difficulty Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Olson et al., 1986), and data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling method using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software. The findings s showed that direct effect of emotion adjustment difficulty and marital adjustment, conflict management and marital adjustment, and sexual intimacy with marital adjustment (p≤0.01). The results of indirect pathways showed that the main family health pathways have a positive effect on marital adjustment through difficulty of emotion regulation, conflict management and sexual intimacy (p≤0.05).

In recent research, defects in cognitive processes have been proposed as one of the cognitive causal hypotheses, and psychological interventions can help to improve this disorder. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) focuses on increasing psychological flexibility, which is the ability to pay attention to experiences in the present without bias. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) also emphasizes how a person responds to his/her thoughts and how he/she communicates with them. Conducting comparative research on these two types of treatment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder has received less attention.

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ACT and MCT in reducing insufficient executive functioning in obsessive-compulsive patients.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder who were referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Kermanshah City in 2022. 45 of these patients were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (a treatment group based on acceptance and commitment and a metacognitive treatment group) and a control group (15 people in each group). The measuring tool in this research was the Wisconsin card sorting test of Grant and Berg (1993). The treatment protocol based on acceptance and commitment (Bach & Moran, 2008) and metacognitive therapy (Wells, 2008) were implemented during eight 60-minute sessions for the first and second experimental groups, respectively, but the control group did not receive any intervention. In order to analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance and SPSS-23 software were used.

The results of the one-way analysis of variance showed the effectiveness of both treatment models in increasing the number of completed classes, increasing the number of correct answers, and reducing the residual error (p<0.05). Also, based on the results of Toky Post Hoc test, a significant difference was observed between the two treatment groups in the research variable, And the treatment based on acceptance and commitment has been significantly more effective in increasing the number of classes completed, increasing the number of correct answers and reducing the error remaining in participants compared to metacognitive therapy. (p<0.05).

The study findings suggest that both treatments were effective in improving the executive function of obsessive-compulsive patients. However, the effectiveness of ACT was significantly higher than MCT.

The aim of this study was to develop a causal model of positive marital outcomes based on marital characteristics mediated by emotional expression and sexual intimacy in married female primary school teachers in Kermanshah in 2022. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and correlation and structural equations in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the present study consists of all married female primary school teachers in Kermanshah in 2022. To select the sample size based on Cochran's formula from Kermanshah primary schools, 35 schools were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling and then 250 teachers were selected from these schools and given the Spinner (1976) Marital Adjustment Questionnaire, Nathan Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire. Et al. (1973) answered emotional expression and sexual intimacy using the Enrich Questionnaire, Marital Instability Index (MII) and the Marissa Characteristics Questionnaire by Chrisma Rosen-Grandon (1998). The results showed that the direct effect of marital characteristics on positive marital outcomes was 0.395 and also the indirect effect of this variable on positive marital outcomes through emotional expression and sexual intimacy variables was 0.149 and 0.167, respectively, which was at the 95th level of confidence. Percentages are significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between independent variables with mediating and dependent variables of research. Thus, emotional expression and sexual intimacy act as mediators of the relationship between positive marital outcomes based on marital characteristics, and in marital interventions, family counselors can be the target of therapy.

The diagnosis of cancer causes considerable suffering and anxiety for the patient. It threatens the meaning of the patient's life, which leads to a sense of collapse, so it is necessary to meet the psychological needs of the cancer patient. Meeting the spiritual needs of cancer patients plays a role in accelerating recovery and achieving spiritual well-being. Recently, along with common physical treatments, spiritual therapy has attracted the attention of doctors, and also paying attention to spirituality in life can help to improve the mental health of cancer patients in the difficult conditions of the disease and to accept the disease as a psychological support. By the patient and to be effective in improving psychological disorders and this treatment method is recommended as an effective intervention in improving psychological problems. Many studies report religion and spirituality as complementary treatments for cancer patients. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of two approaches of group spirituality therapy with therapy based on acceptance and commitment to increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients in Kermanshah City. Group therapies, including spiritual therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment, which are part of the third wave of cognitive behavioral therapy, can have positive and significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of cancer patients. Considering the different areas of human life and the effects of religion on mental and physical health, including health and treatment, it is important because it has a prominent and indelible role in human life. Therefore, the knowledge of the effectiveness of group spirituality treatment methods can be used by experts in treating many disorders and increasing cancer patients' life expectancy and happiness. Paying attention to the research background shows that so far no research has been done in comparing the effectiveness of two approaches of group spirituality therapy with treatment based on acceptance and commitment to increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients. The lack of research findings in this field prompted researchers to compare these two treatments in terms of increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients. Therefore, how much is the effectiveness of group spirituality therapy compared to treatment based on acceptance and commitment in a group way on acceptance and commitment on increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients?

The research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all cancer patients referred to Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah. The sampling method was available (with the approval of a specialist doctor undergoing chemotherapy). They were divided into three groups of 15 people, including two experimental groups and one control group. Eight 45-minute spiritual therapy sessions were given to the first experimental group and eight 45-minute training sessions based on acceptance and commitment therapy were presented to the second experimental group. Schneider et al.'s (1991) life expectancy scale and Schneider et al.'s (1991) happiness scale were used to collect data.

The results showed that spiritual therapy is effective in increasing life expectancy and happiness, and treatment based on acceptance and commitment is effective in increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients.

The main goal of this research is to find a better treatment among the existing treatments. The results of the research showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of spiritual therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment to life expectancy and happiness. According to the previous interpretations, the positive effect of both treatments on the variables of life expectancy and quality of life has been proven, and there is no debate there, but according to the findings of the research and considering the native context of the province and the variety of existing religions, spiritual therapy has been able to have a greater effect. Accepting a cancer diagnosis and its treatment is often considered a psychological and spiritual transition that can lead to the restructuring of values and can reflect how patients evaluate their lives and their sense of happiness. Therefore, it is important to assess happiness in cancer patients and look for ways to promote it, that is, by providing support during treatment or encouraging the development of positive characteristics unrelated to the disease or its treatment. Religious beliefs may influence physiological responses such as sensitivity to pain. In addition, prayer may trigger a mechanism called the relaxation response, in which physiological phenomena occur when a person reaches a state of relaxation. Prayers and other rituals are often performed as a repetitive practice. Repetition of this action can cause physiological responses, for example, lowering metabolism and heart rate, causing relaxation and relaxation, and improving well-being and quality of life. Spirituality has different interpretations in every religion and nation, but what they have in common is the existence of God and adherence to moral principles - a belief that can cut through the strings of despair like a winning sword and overcome dark and painful days. Open a new door for people. Men usually respond positively to psychological treatments, especially spiritual treatments, due to their busy work schedules and unsophisticated spirits, and the younger the age, the greater the resistance and stubbornness of accepting this type of treatment among men. Is. However, it should be remembered that these strong men have learned the way and customs of spirituality in the arms of their spiritual mothers, and this spirituality has a special place in their unconscious mind, and we can stimulate emotions and remember moments. By using the principles of proximity and similarity, we have been able to achieve valuable results with a young and male group.Also, the results of the research showed that spiritual therapy has a greater effect on increasing life expectancy and happiness among cancer patients than treatment based on acceptance and commitment. Therefore, by performing psychological interventions on time, it is possible to help increase life expectancy and happiness, speed up recovery and reduce the length of hospitalization in the hospital, and ultimately reduce hospital costs in these patients, and change the view of the physical and pay more attention to the dimensions mental state in this group of patients.

The current research aims to present a structural model of anxiety disorders based on COVID-19 anxiety with the mediating role of coping strategies in pregnant women. This study is applied in terms of its objective, and descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling in terms of its implementation. Data collection methods included both library and field research. In the field research, questionnaires were used to collect necessary data, including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-13) questionnaire by Spitzer et al. (2006), the COVID-19 Anxiety questionnaire by Alipour et al. (2019), and Lazarus and Folkman’s (1988) coping strategies. SPSS22 and AMOS software were utilized for data analysis. The results indicated that anxiety disorders can be predicted based on COVID-19 anxiety (p<0.01). Additionally, coping strategies were found to play a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety disorders and COVID-19 anxiety (p<0.01). The study also revealed a significant association between anxiety disorders or COVID-19 anxiety and the mediating role of coping strategies in pregnant women (p<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that anxiety disorders in pregnant women can be predicted by COVID-19 anxiety with the mediation of coping strategies.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Cancer patients often experience severe stress. Improving or reducing the stress caused by cancer in patients is also possible with different psychological approaches. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of spiritual therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on life expectancy and quality of life of cancer patients.

In this quasi-experimental study involving pre-test and post-test and follow-up by a control group conducted in 2020, we randomly selected 45 cancer patients admitted to Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah province, which were divided into three groups: spiritual therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy and control group. After the treatment, we compared them in three groups by SPSS v20 statistical software and covariance test using Quality of Life Questionnaire, Life Expectancy Questionnaire by Schneider.

The mean age of 45 selected patients was 28±14 years (14 females of 18-49 and 31 males of 22-45). 75% of patients were single and 25% were married. A family history of cancer was observed in 14% of patients. There were no significant differences in pre-test (17.04 ±2.35) and post-test (18.19 ± 2.11) scores related to life expectancy in patients in the control group. The results of analysis of covariance showed a significant difference (at the level of p <0.01) between post-test scores in the two experimental groups compared to the control group in terms of quality of life and life expectancy.

Both types of treatments were effective on patients and increased their quality of life and life expectancy. But spiritual therapy had a greater effect on quality of life and life expectancy among cancer patients compared to acceptance and commitment therapy. Therefore, by performing timely spiritual therapy interventions, we can help increase the quality of life and life expectancy of these patients.

The present research is carried out in order to identify the aspects and elements of critical thinking among auditors and present a conceptual model. Critical thinking is an analytical thinking which can guarantee the development of any profession such as Auditing. Here, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods has been used, where the data is qualitative and data collection is through Delphi/survey. Having reviewed the existing literature of critical thinking and application of elite’s opinions, an initial model was designed and after applying the Delphi method in three stages, the ultimate model was approved. The validity and reliability of this model were approved by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach's alpha. The number of elites at Delphi stage was 10 of faculty members holding Ph. D, who were also Member of the Society of Certified Auditors and had experience. Besides, at survey phase, 384 accountants were interviewed about the aspects and elements of critical thinking. Based on the results, this model of critical thinking is consisted of 14 main aspects in accordance with priority: open-mindedness, truth-seeking, self-confidence, interpretation, analysis, inquisitiveness, professional judgement, systematicity, analyticity, cognitive maturity, professional uncertainty, self-regulation and also 43 minor elements.

The current research was conducted with the aim of modeling individual, educational and external factors affecting psychological well-being in children with the mediating role of life skills media education.

This research is descriptive in terms of its purpose and is considered a survey study in terms of data collection. To conduct the research, all the factors related to the issue of psychological well-being in children were identified in the literature by relying on the theoretical foundations and the literature, and then, in order to validate the items, the factor loadings of the items were presented. The statistical population of the research was the experts in the field of psychology, who especially had studies in the field of children. Purposeful sampling and snowball method were used to select the participants and finally 20 people were considered as a statistical sample. Data analysis was also done using interpretive structural model.

The findings of the research showed that the factors underlying well-being are divided into three personal, educational and external dimensions, which include factors such as emotional intelligence, personality traits, self-regulation, responsibility, self-efficacy, emotion regulation, perceived social support, mindfulness, communication patterns, stress and anxiety. social for the individual dimension, parent management training, academic performance, positive intelligence training, life skills training and family performance for the educational dimension and finally, parent-child relationship, family cohesion and flexibility, socio-economic status, social networks, parental employment, Internet addiction and computer games have been proposed as external factors affecting children's psychological well-being in the model.

Therefore, it is recommended that families strengthen the spirit of expressing feelings and experiences in their children by increasing their presence in social environments and trusting their children, because this issue strengthens the psychological well-being of children.

Borderline personality disorder is a type of mental health problem, which affects the patient’s way of thinking and feeling about oneself and others and causes problems in daily functioning.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of individual schema therapy, with and without supportive therapy, in alleviating the symptoms of patients with borderline personality disorder.

This empirical semi-experimental study, with a pretest-posttest control group design, was conducted on a statistical population, consisting of all patients with borderline personality disorder, referred to Quds Hospital of Sanandaj, Iran, during 2020-2021. Via convenience sampling, 45 patients were selected and divided into three groups of 15 people. Weaver and Clum’s Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index (1993) was used for data collection. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance and t-test were performed in SPSS Version 22.

The results showed a significant difference in the symptoms of borderline personality disorder between the two groups (P≤0.01). Also, pretest-posttest comparisons indicated that the mean score of borderline personality disorder symptoms decreased by 0.97 in the individual schema therapy group without supportive treatment and by 1.12 in the individual schema therapy group with supportive therapy.

Since there was a significant difference between individual schema therapy, with and without supportive therapy, in alleviating the symptoms of patients with borderline personality disorder, it is recommended to implement individual schema therapy, along with supportive therapy for the treatment of this disorder.

Family as a group is a social unit that is formed based on marriage and marital life. One of the factors affecting the survival, durability, and growth of the family is healthy relationships based on compatibility and understanding between members, especially husband, and wife. The present research was carried out to compare the effectiveness of behavioral and solution-focused couple therapy on marital conflicts, sexual intimacy, marital harmony, and disharmony. The sample population of this research includes all teachers with marital conflicts who referred to two centers of Omid and Peyvand in the 3rd district of Kermanshah city in the first quarter of 2018, who were 128 persons. 60 of these people, as a statistical sample; were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two test groups and one control group including 20 people. Data was collected using the Enrich marital satisfaction scale and the scale of marital harmony and disharmony by (Xu & Lai, 2004). Then the couples of the 2 experimental groups participated in 8 sessions with 1.5 hours of couple’s therapy and solution-focused sessions in groups. The results were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software version 24. The results showed that behavioral couple therapy, compared to solution-focused couple therapy (P≥0.001), is effective to reduce marital conflicts, and increase sexual intimacy, and marital harmony and disharmony. Behavioral couple therapy training programs, whether after the training or during the three-month follow-up period after the training, are effective in resolving conflicts, sexual intimacy, marital harmony, and disharmony of couples; Therefore, it is suggested to marriage counselors simultaneously use behavioral and solution-focused couple therapy in interventions for couples who have chronic marital conflicts and marital intimacy problems.

Corona disease anxiety is one of the factors that threaten the mental health of working women, and it is very important to identify the psychological factors affecting it. This study aimed to investigate the structural relationship between Corona anxiety and cognitive flexibility and evaluate the mediating role of emotion regulation and early maladaptive schemas. The current research is a descriptive correlational study. Statistical population of this study was all the occupied women of Kermanshah city (Iran) in 2022, from which 364 people were selected by cluster random sampling method. The research tools include the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) (Alipour et al., 2018), the short form of the Young Schema Questionnaire (1998) (YSQ-SF), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) (Garnefsky and Kraaij, 2006) and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010). The research data was analyzed using SPSS-25 software. Based on this, the path analysis method was used to analyze the research hypotheses. The evaluation of the proposed model had an acceptable fit. Path analysis identified the relationship between cognitive flexibility and corona anxiety, in addition, the findings indicated that cognitive flexibility is indirectly related to corona anxiety and predicts corona anxiety through the mediation of emotion regulation and early maladaptive schemas. In general, the findings showed that the implementation of interventions related to improving the psychological flexibility of working women by holding training classes and job webinars in the post-Corona era, in order to control and reduce anxiety, prepare and protect this group in possible relapses of infectious diseases is suitable.

Psychological well-being is one of the important concepts in positive psychology, which means optimal human performance. This issue has caused researchers around the world to pay attention to the underlying factors of well-being, especially in childhood. The present research was conducted with the aim of designing an integrated model of the underlying factors of psychological well-being in children.

This research is descriptive in terms of its purpose and is considered a survey study in terms of data collection. To conduct the research, all the factors related to the issue of psychological well-being in children were identified in the literature by relying on the theoretical foundations and the literature, and further, the validation of the factors was done based on the CVR and CVI tests. The statistical population of the research was the experts in the field of psychology, who especially had studies in the field of children. Purposeful sampling and snowball method were used to select the participants and finally 20 people were considered as a statistical sample. Data analysis was done using fuzzy Delphi method (AHP) and interpretive structural model.

The findings of the research showed that the factors underlying well-being are divided into three dimensions: personal, educational and external, which respectively include factors such as emotional intelligence, personality traits, self-regulation, responsibility, self-efficacy, emotion regulation, perceived social support, mindfulness, and communication patterns. , social stress and anxiety for the individual dimension, parent management training, academic performance, positive intelligence training, life skills training and family performance for the educational dimension and finally, parent-child relationship, family cohesion and flexibility, socio-economic status, social networks , parental employment, internet addiction and computer games can be considered as external factors affecting children's psychological well-being.

Without a doubt, paying attention to the strengthening aspects of some factors along with the inhibiting aspects of other factors can be effective in improving the psychological well-being of children.

As an unknown disease with a high epidemic rate, Covid-19 has drawn the attention of many medical researchers to the health category in the past few years. The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a structural model of anxiety disorders based on mental health and with the mediating role of coping strategies in pregnant women.

This study is a description of correlation and structural equations in terms of practical purpose and in terms of implementation method. In the field of research data collection, two library and field methods were used. In the field part, to collect the information required for the research, Spitzer et al.'s (2006) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Goldberg's mental health (1972) and Lazarus and Folkman's (1988) coping strategies were used.

The results of the study showed that anxiety disorders are predicted based on mental health. Also, the results showed that coping strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety disorders and mental health.

Other results showed that there is a relationship between anxiety disorders or mental health with the mediating role of coping strategies in pregnant women.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training of emotionally focused Therapy in a group way on depression and social well-being of women affected by marital infidelity. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study was "all women referring to counseling centers in 17th district of Tehran in2019 with problem of social well-being and depression due to infidelity".  The study sample consisted of 20 participants divided into two groups (experimental and control). Both groups completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I I) (1961), and Keys Social Welfare Questionnaire (1998). Subjects in the experimental group were then trained for ten sessions according to the Emotional Approach Protocol (Ranjbar, 1393). After training, both groups were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance through SPSS software. The findings of the study showed that the training of emotionally focused approach significantly reduced depression (p=0/000) and increased social well-being (p=0/000) of women affected by marital infidelity. Describing primary and secondary emotions and paying attention to emotions, were reasons to reduce negative emotions and overcome stressful relationships.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the development of a causal model of exam anxiety based on family communication patterns and parental perfectionism with the mediation of learning styles and its effectiveness on students' exam anxiety. The statistical population was 9th grade male students of Kermanshah city in the academic year of 1400-1401 (6578 people), of which 338 people were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method and random method. And in the second study, 30 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) were selected using the staged cluster sampling method. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any training. The measurement tools were Ahvaz Test Anxiety Questionnaire (TAI), Koerner and Fitner Patrick Family Communication Patterns (RFCP), Ahvaz Perfectionism (APS) and Kolb's Learning Styles (LSI). The findings showed that family communication patterns and parents' perfectionism and learning styles have a significant causal relationship with exam anxiety. And finally, the results determined the mediating role of learning styles in the relationship between the mentioned variables, and it was also found that the educational program developed based on the extracted model was effective in reducing exam anxiety. Based on the findings, it is suggested to use the program of teaching family communication patterns, parental perfectionism and learning styles to reduce students' exam anxiety.

The purpose of the current research was to develop a causal model of marital stability and satisfaction based on marital characteristics with the mediation of conflict management in teachers. The current research is of the correlation and structural equations type in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population of the present study included married female primary school teachers in Kermanshah city in 2021. In order to select the sample size based on Cochran's formula, 35 schools were selected from Kermanshah elementary schools by random multi-stage cluster sampling, and then 250 teachers were selected from these schools, and the Marital Satisfaction Questionnaires (MHS) of Natano et al. (1973), Enrich Conflict Management Questionnaire (1982), Marital Instability Index (MII) Edwards et al, and Krismaruzen-Grandon (1998) Marital Characteristics Questionnaire answered. The results showed that the correlation coefficients between conflict resolution, marital satisfaction, and marital stability with the total score of marital characteristics were 0.309, 0.452, and 0.707, respectively, which is significant at the P<0.01 level. As a result, it can be said that conflict management acts as a mediator of positive marital outcomes based on marital characteristics and can be the therapeutic target of family counselors in marital interventions.

Among all institutions, organizations and social facilities, the family has a significant role and importance. All those who have thought about the organization of society have emphasized the family and its vital importance for society. In fact, no society can claim health if it does not have healthy families, and there is certainly no social harm that arises regardless of the influence of the family. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide prediction of extramarital relationships based on personality traits and attachment styles mediated by self-control, conflict management and forgiveness. According to Doodle and Kasenki (2018), the source of marital conflict can be due to social contexts that include changes in people's relationships for various reasons, including changes in knowledge, attitudes and insights gained through different and social changes, or differences. Perception created in couples, which includes seeing the situation differently to start and continue life from the couple, these perceptual differences are due to learning and training that the person willingly or unwillingly understands and receives. Conflict management can be a predictor of many processes in couples communication. Because extramarital affairs is one of the most critical issues that couples face and because infidelity undermines the most basic component of the marital relationship which is trust. Therefore, it leaves huge destructive effects on the life of the couple. In the meantime, most of all, the spouse who has been betrayed and betrayed will be harmed and will cause mental health disorders and loss of emotional and behavioral balance, as well as the problems of divorce and the breakdown of marital life. Sense of revenge, psychological harm to children is one of the consequences of betrayal. Looking at the background of studies on extramarital relationships, it can be seen that in Iran, little research has been done directly on extramarital relationships, including gender differences in committing extramarital relationships and its underlying factors in Iran due to cultural and social factors. The family is one of the most important social systems based on marriage between the opposite sex. Maintaining and maintaining a family is very important, and since extramarital affairs or infidelity have become one of the social problems in recent years, addressing the root causes and the gap between them can have effective benefits for couples .Therefore, the aim of the present study is to answer the question of what is the predictive model of extramarital relationships based on personality traits and attachment styles mediated by self-control, conflict management and forgiveness?

The statistical population of this study is all married men and women who referred to family counseling centers under the supervision of Kermanshah Welfare Organization in 1397-1396. According to statistics obtained from the Welfare Organization, their number was about 420 people. The sampling method was census. The type of this research is descriptive-survey, based on applied purpose and in terms of quantitative analysis. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, correlation tests and structural equations have been developed.

The results showed that personality traits and attachment styles predict self-control, conflict management and forgiveness of extramarital relationships. The value of RFI or relative fit index obtained is 0.936, the value of IFI or incremental fit index obtained is 0.983, and the value of CFI or comparative fit index obtained is 0.986, which indicates the optimal fit of the model. The value of RMSEA or the root mean square of the estimation error obtained is 0.028, which is favorable considering the standard value of less than 0.05. The value of PNFI or parsimony normalized index is equal to 0.734, the value of PCFI or parsimonious adaptive fit index is equal to 0.792, the value of PRATIO or parsimony ratio is equal to 0.625 and more than 0.5 and shows the favorable condition of the model.

It is suggested that a general evaluation to identify the factors affecting marital satisfaction and the tendency to extramarital relationships, according to its role in the lives of individuals, as a factor for the development of societies, to form a strong family foundation and progress. Society to use it. Mental health is a science focused on promoting welfare, social welfare, and life health which is related to all periods (pre-birth to death) and aspects of life (family environments, school, university, appointment, and society). Besides physiological needs, human beings have emotional, moral, religious, instructional, and directional needs and healthy life is produced through fulfilling these needs and maintaining balance between them.  Personality is a collection   of   mental   characteristics   that consistently    exists    in    individuals    and influences their behaviors and thoughts. In other  words,  individuals’  personality  is  a combination  of  mental  characteristics  that are  used  for  determining  the  position  of that  individual  in  classifications. Self-control is one of the unique personality characteristics that varies from one person to another. That is, individuals with high levels of self-control depending on the extent of control they employ show different reactions and behaviors. In order to use this characteristic effectively, it should be nurtured because controlling excitements in social interactions is a very difficult task although researchers believe that public culture of a society effects the way individuals control themselves. Cultural psychology has confirmed that individuals are usually different with respect to their behaviors and through their particular behaviors are distinguished from each other; for instance, in most societies it is believed that only persons can have a personality who has stable, united and coherent characteristics and during time their personality remains unchanged and resists influence. Research has indicated that power of “self-control” in different periods of life ensures success. Agreement and conscientious are aspects of self-control because these factors respectively ensure the ability to “adapt” one’s behavior to other’s feelings and wishes and tolerate desires. Several limitations should be noted in the current study. First, thisstudy had a cross-sectional design which makes it difficult to draw anycausal relationship among the variables. In future, researchers mayconduct experimental or longitudinal studies to examine the mediationmodel.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on resiliency and self-control strategies in divorced women.

The semi-experimental study was carried out on two experimental and control groups with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population consisted of all divorced women referring to the Judicial Counseling Center of the Babol city in 2017-18. The sample of this study consisted of 45 women who were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Data collection tools included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Self-Control Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance test and SPSS.22 software.

The study showed that CBT and ACT were effective on resiliency (P<0.001), and self-controlling (P<0.001) in divorced women. The study showed that acceptance and commitment therapy had a greater impact on increasing resilience and self-control than cognitive behavioral therapy (P<0.001).

The study showed that CBT and ACT led to an increase in resiliency and self-controlling in divorced women and can be used as treatment methods in improving women's problems.

The purpose of this research was the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on attachment patterns, communication patterns and lifestyle of incompatible couples referring to counseling centers. In terms of its nature, this research is part of applied research, and in terms of implementation, it is part of semi-experimental research, with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population in this research included all couples with incompatible spouses who referred to counseling centers (Behesht Counseling Center) in Isfahan city in 1401. From among the statistical population, 45 people were selected using available and targeted sampling and were selected in two experimental and control groups (a group of 15 people in the experimental group and a group of 15 people in the control group). The questionnaires used in this research were Hazen and Shaver's (1987) attachment, Christensen and Sulawi's (1984) communication patterns, and Miller Smith's (2003) lifestyle. The results using the statistical method of covariance analysis showed that with the pre-test control of the significance levels of all tests, they indicate that between couples with incompatible spouses of the test groups and evidence of the variables of attachment patterns (secure, insecure avoidant and insecure ambivalent) , communication pattern (mutual constructive), communication pattern (expectation/withdrawal), communication pattern (avoidance) and lifestyle, a significant difference is observed, the effect or difference is equal to 0.48, which is related to the effect of emotional therapy.

As the most stable social unit, the family is a fundamental axis for the healthy functioning of individuals and society. The purpose of this research was to explain the family functioning model based on communication skills with the mediation of psychological security among couples. In terms of the purpose, the present research is considered to be of the applied type, and in terms of the data collection method, it is classified in the descriptive-survey research group. The statistical population includes all married men and women in areas 1 and 3 of Tehran in 1400-1999. Non-random sampling method has also been available. Data collection tools were demographic information questionnaire, psychological security questionnaire (short form), family functioning assessment questionnaire (FAD) and communication skills questionnaire. Data analysis was done using AMOS program in addition to descriptive statistics methods. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of communication skills and family functioning, there is a significant relationship between communication skills and psychological security, there is a significant relationship between psychological security and family functioning, psychological security It has a mediating role in the relationship between communication skills and family functioning. Therefore, the communication skills and intimate relationships between couples can affect their psychological security, because each of the couples, by establishing romantic and intimate relationships and the context of having psychological security through the couple and the other, can, in turn, lead to family stability