مرتضی میرزایی

The objective of this research was to explore targeted drug delivery of ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in order to minimize its side effects for patients requiring long-term and continuous use. To achieve this, a ZnO/NiO nanocomposite was synthesized as a carrier for the drug using a simple co-precipitation method. The structural and morphological properties of the nanocomposite were analyzed using XRD, SEM, and EDS techniques, revealing an average diameter of approximately 65 nm. Subsequently, ibuprofen was successfully loaded onto the nanocomposite with the assistance of mint extract as a covering agent. The presence of ibuprofen in the prepared drug-composite sample was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. In vitro investigations were conducted to determine the release of the loaded drug from the brush nanocomposite, which was found to be 20.4%. This research introduces a new green nanostructure in the drug delivery process.

This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the role of organizational silence on the productivity of human resources. This research is practical and in terms of method, it is a descriptive survey. The statistical population includes all employees of the police command in the western coastal cities of Mazandaran province, which is estimated to be 223 individuals through the Cochran formula, and simple random sampling. Data collection tools are library investigations and standard questionnaires, which include Van Dyne's Organizational Silence (2003) and Hersey and Goldsmith's Human Resource Productivity Questionnaire (1980). The content validity and the reliability of the questionnaire through Cronbach alpha are 0.92 for the organizational silence questionnaire and 0.84 for the efficiency questionnaire. In this research, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and correlation coefficient, regression, and Friedman test are utilized for data analysis. In the obtained results, it seems that organizational silence affects the efficiency of human resources. Furthermore, the dimensions of organizational silence (altruistic silence and defensive silence) have a positive and significant impact on the productivity of human resources. Also, submissive silence has a negative impact on the efficiency of the workforce. However, the evaluation of the fourth hypothesis based on the Friedman test demonstrate that submissive silence with a coefficient of 2.43 is the first priority. As a result, it has the greatest effect on the productivity of the workforce, and defensive silence with a coefficient of 2.02 is the second priority. However, friendly silence is ranked third with a coefficient of 1.56. Therefore, it has the least effect on the efficiency of human resources in NAJA.

 One of the most important and effective factors in increasing the combat capability of the military is physical fitness. Therefore, finding desirable methods to increase the physical fitness of the military is essential. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a TRX training course on the physical fitness of IRGC ground commandos.

 20 IRGC ground commandos were selected as a sample and divided into two groups of 10 TRX exercises with an average age of 25.80 + 2.57 years, weight 74.40 + 6.85 kg, height 175.20 + 5.80 cm and body mass index 24.32 + 1.28 Kg per square meter; And 10 people in the control group with an average age of 27.70 + 2.90 years, weight 74.60 + 7.67 kg, height 175.60 + 5.05 and body mass index 24.18 + 1.76 kg per square meter were divided. The training program consisted of a 6-week course of TRX exercises three sessions per week. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. Significance level was considered p < 0.05 for all tests.

 After collecting and analyzing the data, it was found that TRX training significantly increases the number of push-ups and chin-ups, speed running record, and chest press and squat (p < 0.05). Also, TRX training improved the subjects' record of running 3,200 meters; But this record improvement was not statistically significant (p < 0.05)..

 In general, a 6-week course of TRX training seems to increase physical fitness.

The enmity of Wahhabism with the Ahl al-Bayt of infallibility and purity is something that is not hidden from anyone. Ibn Taymiyyah, as the main flag bearer of this sect, has always tried to deny the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and make them look like ordinary human beings. With the same approach of denigrating and denying the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), he raises doubts about the scientific position of Imam Reza (AS) against Islam and believes that the Shiites have exaggerated his position. Claims such as "Imam Reza (AS) is not known", "Imam Reza (AS) did not narrate the narration", "Imam Reza (AS) did not narrate from him" and "Imam Reza (AS) did not narrate in Sahah Setah" by Ibn Taymiyyah It has been narrated to deny the high position of Imam Reza (as). In the present study, in a descriptive-analytical manner and with a critical approach, while examining the sayings of Sunni elders and citing narrations in Sunni hadith and commentary books, Ibn Taymiyyah's claims are answered. In the end, it is concluded that Ibn Taymiyyah's claims about the position of Imam Reza (as) are nothing more than a fallacy and are inconsistent with the views of other Sunni thinkers.

Following his usual approach, Ibn Taymiyyah was always trying to deny the virtues of Ahl al-Bayt (AS), to distort the scientific position of Imam Reza (AS) by casting doubts, and to call him a man like others. Ibn Tamiyyah casts doubt upon the scholarly status of the Imam (AS) and claims that people exaggerate the Imam’s position. These doubts are: 1) the claim on Imam’s knowledge is baseless and there are more knowledgeable scholars among his contemporaries, 2) none of the well-known scholars quote a narration from the Imam (AS), and 3) the great jurisprudents avoid quoting a narration from the Imam (AS). This study tries to give convincing answers to these problems by examining the words of the great figures, expressing evidence of the scientific problems in the words and works of the Imam’s contemporaries, and quoting the narrations in the Sunnis’ hadith and commentary books. This study finds contradictions in the views of Ibn Tamiyyah with those of the Sunni figures and the available evidence, all of which either show Ibn Tamiyyah’s ignorance or express his hatred towards Ahl al-Bayt (AS).

Study and prioritization of the mixed role of social marketing (7P) of sport facilities in the development of sports for all of Basijis in Lorestan province.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of how to collect data. In order to collect the required information, both library and field methods have been used. The statistical population of the study includes all members of Lorestan Basij who were engaged in public sports in the sports facilities of the Revolutionary Guards or Lorestan Basij. The sampling method is simple sampling. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 7 Basij experts who were experts in the field of sports management and its structural validity was confirmed in two stages using the confirmatory factor analysis test. The reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.903. Descriptive statistics for tables and graphs were used to analyze the data and in inferential statistics section, one-sample t-test, Friedman test and two-stage confirmatory factor analysis test were used.

The results showed that in all elements of social marketing mix of Basij sport facilities, the average of samples was higher than the hypothetical average, meaning that all elements of social marketing mix of Basij sport facilities in the development of sports for all in Lorestan Basij And have significance (p <0.001). The results of Friedman test showed that the physical evidence element was the most important element of the social marketing mix and the least important process element. The order of these elements from the Basijis' point of view was as follows: Physical Evidence (4.27), Place (4.01), People (3.92), Price (3.81), Product (3.76), Promotion (3.68) and Process (3.42). The questionnaire was validated using a two-stage confirmatory factor analysis test.

According to the results of the present study, it can be suggested to the staff of the Revolutionary Guards of Lorestan Province that when planning for Basijis' public sports activities, they take the role of social marketing mixes seriously so that more Basijis can In Lorestan province to lead to sports for all.

The physical fitness of the military plays an important role in winning or losing a war. Finding the right methods to increase the physical fitness of the military is essential The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TRX training on physical fitness in Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution ground force.

20 members of the ground forces commando chosen and divided into two groups (TRX training: n=10, mean age 25.80±2.75 years, weight 74.40±6.85 kg, height 175.20±5.80 cm, BMI 24.19±1.28 kg/m2 and control: n=10, mean age 27.70±2.90 years, weight 74.60±7.67 kg, height 175.60±5.05 cm, BMI 24.06±1.76 kg/m2).One week before the start of training program, measuring of height, weight, and familiarity with training was done. To assess the physical fitness, before and after training, sit-up, Push-up, 3200 meters run, pull-ups, 60 meters sprint, bench press and squat legs were taken. Training program consisted of TRX training, three times a week for 6 weeks. To analysis of data, using statistical software Spss-18; at first to determine the normality of the data, Shapiro-Wilk test was performed. To evaluate differences between groups, independent t-test was performed.

After collecting and analysis of data, a significant increase in abdominal and shoulder girdle (Push-up and Pull-up) muscular endurance, speed, and upper and lower body strength was seen. Also, TRX training increased aerobic power, but this increase was not significant.

In overall, it seems that 6 weeks of TRX training can improve physical fitness.

The two-way relationship between the Qur’an and the Ahl Al-Bayt indicates that the most aware of the facts of revelation are the Ahl Al-Bayt (A.S.). In the meantime, on the one hand, a huge amount of interpretative narrations is attributed to Sadegh al-Muhammad (A.S.); and on the other hand, some of these traditions are dedicated to the Qur’an in the manner of the Qur’an, Therefore, understanding the different interpretative methods of this grand Imam and deep study and analysis of his interpretive traditions are essential steps that are necessary for a reliable interpretation for the commentators’ interpretation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of Qur’anic interpretation of the Qur’an in the traditions of Imam Sadiq (A.S.). The present paper is a descriptive-analytic method with a Quranic-narrative approach in which information is collected in a library and software approach. The findings of this study show that the Qur’anic interpretation of the Qur’an is in some cases favored by Imam Sadiq (A.S.), with the link between the Qur’an and the Etrat (Prophet Muhammad’s family) as two noble legacies of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.). are the most reliable ways to understand and interpret the divine verses. The result is that the types of interpretation of the Qur’an to the Qur’an can be examined in the words of Imam Sadiq (A.S.), in terms of general allocation, absolute supplication, firm reference to similarity, and so on.

Maintaining physical condition in a specific position and high work pressure causes musculoskeletal disorders and abnormalities in the body. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of postural abnormalities and work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the artillery battalions of the Army.

308 personnel employed in artillery battalions with average and standard deviation of height, weight, age, BMI and age of services the subjects (175.48 ± 5.96) and (77.65 ± 10.78), (34.45 ± 6.95), (25.20 ± 3.15) (13.75± 6.98) respectively, were included in the study. Musculoskeletal disorders were assessed with the Nordic Questionnaire and postural abnormalities were assessed by the New York test.

The results showed that the forward head (64.6%), uneven shoulders (63%), and scoliosis (49.7%) were the most prevalent. In musculoskeletal disorders, half of the patients suffer from lumbar disorders (56.2%). Knee disorders (45.8%) and neck (34.4%) were also the most prevalent after the lumbar.

According to the results of this study, forward head disorders, uneven shoulders, and scoliosis were the most common postural abnormalities and disorders of the back, knees, and neck were the most common musculoskeletal disorders in personnel. Therefore, corrective and preventive exercises should be included in the design of personnel training programs.

The purpose of this study is the spiritual intelligence of employees and its effect on the professional ethics of managers. This research has been done with a descriptive correlational approach through the distribution of 214 questionnaires among the staff of the Mazandaran Police Command. The standard questionnaire of spiritual intelligence and the standard questionnaire of professional ethics were used to collect research data. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by respected professors and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach''s alpha formula for the spiritual intelligence questionnaire of 0.79 and the professional ethics questionnaire of 0.86, respectively. To analyze the data, correlation, regression and Friedman test using SPSS software were used. Findings show that spiritual intelligence and its components, except for critical existential thinking, have a positive and significant effect on professional ethics at the NAJA level. Among the dimensions of spiritual intelligence, the dimension of state development had the highest and the dimension of existential critical thinking had the lowest correlation coefficient with professional ethics. Also, the fifth test based on Friedman test shows that awareness with a coefficient of 3.16 is in the first priority, as a result, it has the greatest effect on professional ethics. The coefficient of 1.89 is in the fourth and final rank, therefore it has the least effect on professional ethics in NAJA.

One of the effective methods for protein engineering, especially for improving the capabilities of industrial strains, is the genome shuffling method. This study is based on biocatalytic engineering techniques and DNA shuffling methods.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild strain was prepared under the access number JQ917006.1. Mutant strains were evaluated by DES method and compatibility with diazinon concentration. After the protoplast was prepared, the genome was mutated from the mutant library. Fused protoplasts were evaluated for activity.

The activities related to IR1.G1, IR1.D8, IR1.D4 and IR1.D5 strains are 0.234 U/ml, 0.1 U/ml, 0.098 U/ml and 0.066 U/ml, respectively, and IRL1.F2, IRL1.F3 and IRL1.F1 strains have activities of 0.541 mg/L, 0.523 mg/L and 0.509 mg/L, respectively.

The results of evaluation of the first generation of genome shuffling (first round of protoplast fusion) showed that the shuffled strains that were able to grow in the presence of toxin (3000 ml/L diazinon concentration) had better activity than the obtained strain through both methods (toxin concentration gradient and DES method).

The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between organizational structure and organizational development. The present study is a correlation in terms of applied purpose and descriptive research method. Robins Standard Organizational Structure Questionnaire (1989) and Peter and Crawford Standard Organizational Development Questionnaire were used to collect data. The statistical population of this study included all employees of the Disciplinary Command Headquarters of Mazandaran Province, numbering 485 people, which is a statistical sample based on Cochran's formula; 214 people. In order to inferentially analyze the data, SPSS software, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression and Friedman test were used. The test results show that there is a significant relationship between organizational structure and its components with organizational development. Also, according to Friedman test, the fourth hypothesis is that concentration with a coefficient of 2.29 is in the first priority, therefore it has the most relation with organizational development, and then complexity with a coefficient of 2.26 in the second priority and formality with a coefficient of 1.46 is in the third and final rank. With organizational development in NAJA.

The aim of This study was to design a special physical fitness test for Iran's ground forces.

After designing the initial test pattern, its validity and reliability were assessed. Based on the initial model, according to military requirements, three physical fitness tests of Ranger, Armored and Pedestrian forces were designed and the validity of the tests were evaluated. independent t-test was used to determine the structural validity of the initial model of physical fitness test and Pearson correlation was use to determine validity and reliability of the tests.

The result showed significant difference in tie of initial physical fitness test between newly enrolled military personnel and the trained military personnel (P≤ 0.043). and significant correlation between the twice times of the initial physical fitness test (r = 0.84). The results showed significant correlation between the time of physical fitness test and physical fitness score in ranger (r = -0.53), armored (r = -0.48) and pedestrian forces  (r = -0.65).

The results showed, the primary model due to distinguish difference between newly enrolled personnel from trained has critical validity and due to the appropriate correlation between the two times has apropprate relibility. The results also showed that there is a good correlation and validity between the time of special physical fitness tests and the physical fitness score of Rangers, armored carriers and pedestrians personnel. Therefore becous of this result it seems provided tests have the ability to determine the special physical fitness of Rangers, armored carriers and pedestrians personnel.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of strength training with body weight on some components of physical fitness and body composition of Imam Hussein (AS) Basij battalions in Astana Ashrafieh city.

32 subjects with an age range of 18 to 25 years were selected based on physical fitness criteria and randomly divided into four groups: weak, moderate, strong and control. Three training groups performed strength training protocol with body weight for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session, the variables include strength by sergeant jumping test, upper body strength (throwing a medical ball), muscle strength by chest press and squat test, endurance strength by push-up test, sit-ups, aerobic capacity by One mile running test, anaerobic power was assessed by RAST and body composition using caliper subcutaneous fat measurements. For evaluate the results within the group, paired t-test and descriptive test (mean ± standard deviation) were used.

The results showed a significant improvement in strength, aerobic capacity, endurance and muscle strength in all three groups (P <0.05), but in the control group only aerobic capacity had a significant improvement. The results also showed that the percentage of body fat and lean body mass in all three groups improved compared to before exercise but was not statistically significant (P <0.05).

In general, it can be concluded that strength training with body weight can be used to improve the indicators of physical fitness, especially for the weak subjects, and to train Basijis, adding this type of training can be useful.

Fungi are one of the main causes of degradation in feeds and foodstuffs. Fungal infections in plants can result in reduced yield and quality of the products, which lead to economic losses. AflatoxinB1 (AFB1) is a secondary fungal metabolite produced in proper conditions. It is considered as a public health concern due to its adverse effect on human and animal. This study was carried out to determination of AFB1 in wheat flour and wheat bran samples of Alborz province factories.

A total of 180 wheat flour and 60 wheat bran samples were collected from 20 Alborz province factories. HPLC method with immune-affinity chromatography was applied to measure AFB1 in three types of flour including Barbary, Tafton, and Sangag (A, B, and C). It was performed both in different manufactures and within three groups of flours regardless of the type of manufactures. Statistical analysis was conducted by the One-way ANOVA with post-hoc test.

According to the findings, 144 out of 180 wheat flour samples and 54 out of 60 wheat bran samples were found to be contaminated with AFB1. The amount of AFB1 in wheat flour and wheat bran samples was detected to be 0.01-0.5 ng/g and 0.06-0.99 ng/g, respectively. The highest means of AFB1 in Sangag, Barbary, and Tafton flours from different manufactures were 0.5, 0.4 and, 0.3 ng/g, respectively. In addition, no significant difference was found within three groups of Barbary (A), Tafton (B), and Sangag (C) flours samples (p>0.05). Despite the contamination of wheat flour and wheat bran samples, there was no contamination higher than the standard limit of Iran Standard Institute (ISRI) and European Union (EU) 2 ng/g, 5 ng/g, respectively.

Since wheat flours are widely used in foods preparation, determination of contamination with AFB1 in wheat-based products is highly essential in order to prevent the potential adverse effects on health. As the level of AB1 in the current study was low, it is not a serious concern for consumers at this time.

Organophosphorus compounds are widely used in pesticides, insecticides in agriculture and as nervous chemical agents. These chemicals inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity that is responsible for the nervous impulse in organisms. This effect leads to an increase in acetylcholine level and finally neuronal complications.
Many methods are used to degrade and decontaminate these compounds, such as: the use of chemicals, burial of toxins, burning and biodegradation. The chemical and physical methods are often toxic, allergic, corrosive and nonspecific and harmful for the environment and are not usable in war spaces. Biodegradation is an effective and safe method that is performed under controlled conditions for the decomposition of various constituents, including organophosphorus compounds, by biological agents. Biodegradation is performed using microbes to detoxify and decompose contaminants. These strains contain broad substrate-degrading enzymes.
Although the use of natural strains as vital catalysts is an interesting method for the treatment of organophosphorus compounds, the inability of organophosphorus compounds to cross the membrane width reduces the total catalytic power, so the use of recombinant enzymes for the decomposition of organophosphorus compounds can be of great help in removing contaminants, especially in war environments. Many enzymes have been identified and used for this purpose, but most notably include: Diisopropyl-fluorophosphatase (DFPasae), Organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA) and Organophosphorus Hydrolase (OPH).
In this review, in addition to describing the organophosphorus compounds and their effects, biodegradation especially by use of enzymes was considered. The understanding and mastering of this knowledge could help researchers in the use of chemical degrading enzymes, especially organophosphates, in spray and enzymatic ointments in military environments.

In this study, two-dimensional finite element modeling was used to study the simultaneous effect of the cell shape and regular cell distribution on the anisotropy of the elastic properties of 316L stainless steel foam. In this way, the uniaxial compressive stress-strain curve was predicted using a geometric model and fully solid 316L stainless steel. The results showed that the elastic tangent and the yield strength increase significantly if the direction of the loading is parallel to the major cell dimension. Besides, the regular cell distribution affects the above properties, and the sharp drop in the mechanical properties is observed when the maximum shear stress plane is parallel with the plane including higher cell density. In addition, the finite element modeling showed that the elastic properties of porous 316L stainless steel are anisotropic and the optimum conditions depend entirely on the shape of the cells and the loading direction in the regular cell distribution foam.

Aim and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen that typically makes a biofilm. P. aeruginosa biofilms are intrinsically resistant to antimicrobial chemotherapies.The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of ethanolic extract of Malva sylvestris on the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC:27853 .
Material and The alcoholic extracts of Malva sylvestris which were collected from north western Iran(Kurdistan)were obtained by soxhlet apparatus. The antibacterial effect of plant extract was determined by well diffusion agar. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed by micro dilution method according to CLSL standard.
Finally biofilm formation of these this strain in presence of ethanolic extract of M. sylvestris was determined using modified micro titer plate method. Statistic analysis was done by t-test and analysis of variance(ANOVA) was used to compare means and data correlation.
The results showed a significant effect of ethanolic extract of M. sylvestris on the tested strain. The MIC and MBC were 62.5 mg ⁄ ml. The different concentration of ethanolic extract of M. sylvestris decreased significantly in biofilm formation. on P.aeruginosa in compared to gentamicin as the positive control (P value = 0.0124).
According to the finding Malva sylvestris, is effective in killing P. aeruginosa. bacterial biofim so this medicinal plant appears to be promising agent for prophylaxis against various pseudomonas infections

In this study, at first Al-Al2O3 composite powders having different volume fractions of Al2O3 (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 vol.%) were produced by low energy mechanical alloying, which were used as foam materials. Then, composite foams with 50, 60, and 70 percent of porosity were produced by space-holder technique. Spherical carbamide particles (1-1.4 mm) were used to achieve spherical porosities. In order to investigate the compressive behavior of foams, the compression test with strain rate of 10-3 S-1 was performed on the foam samples. The results showed that the compressive properties depended on the volume fraction of Al2O3 and porosity fraction. Generally, by decreasing the porosity fraction, the compressive properties were improved. The composite foams containing 10 vol.% Al2O3 showed superior compressive properties in comparison to other foams studied in this work.

The immobilization of antibodies is one of the most important steps for the construction of biological diagnostic systems. Cellulose and PVDF are commonly used as supports for antibody immobilization despite their low efficiency. This study investigates the activation process of these supports in order to improve their immobilization capability. So as to apply a more operative immobilization of antibody, cellulose and PVDF were initially treated by cyanogen bromide and methanol respectively. In cellulose support which was treated by cyanogen bromide, the –OH groups constructed a cyclic imidocarbamate which is disposed to react with the amine groups of the antibody. In PVDF which was activated by methanol, hydrophilic property and surface adsorption were increased. After the activation procedure, anti-human antibody was immobilized on both supports and the immobilization quality was evaluated. The results showed that the applied changes on the supports had promising effects on the antibody capturing capacity. It was also shown that antibodies were more immobilized on the cellulose supports in comparison to PVDF. The activation processes can alter the physiochemical features of the support such as capillarity, flexibility, surface charges and delicacy, which may intensively influence the quality of immobilization.

Live attenuated Shigella vaccines have shown promise in inducing protective immune responses in human clinical trials. The aim of this study was to design and construct pDS132::∆icsA as a suicide plasmid for targeted deletion of a region of icsA gene in Shigella.

In this experimental study, species and serotypes of Shigella isolated from diarrhea samples of children at Firozabadi and Milad Hospitals of Tehran were confirmed by using serological and PCR tests. Identification primers of icsA gene were designed and then cloned to the pGEM-5zf vector and sequenced. According to icsA restriction enzyme map, 1751 bp of icsA gene was deleted by HincП restriction enzyme and the ∆icsA was constructed successfully. The pGEM∆icsA vector was digested by use of SphI and SalI enzymes and was then cloned to a suicide vector (pSD132). Precision of the process was confirmed by phenotype and genotype tests.

The Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain was verified by serological tests and PCR. Sequence of the icsA gene in the native strain was identical to the strains submitted in the gene-bank database. Since the pDS132::∆icsA contains 1484 bp derived from icsA gene, it can be used to disrupt icsA gene as a specific suicide vector.

Application of suicide systems facilitated mutant construction in more specific and effective methods in comparison with the other primary techniques such as serial passage.

Usually in the quarried Bentonite in addition to Montmorillonite other clay minerals and non-clay minerals as impurities may be found. In some industries such as pharmaceutical industries, food production, nano-composites and catalysts, high purity Montmorillonite is required, therefore its separation from other minerals is essential. Montmorillonite separation may be carried out by its fine-grained crystals compared to impurities. In this study, first a sample of sodium Bentonite and calcium Bentonite from Kheirabad (Kerman) Bentonite mine were prepared and identified using the necessary measurements. Then, utilizing a new designed equipment Montmorillonite was separated from other minerals based on particle size. Separation of the sodium Montmorillonite sample was satisfactory but the calcium Montmorillonite sample separation was not efficient enough and even using calgon as dispersing agent has not improved its separation. Calcium ions in the calcium type sample were first exchanged with sodium using 2% (w/w) sodium carbonate solution. The results of separation show that the purity of sodium Montmorillonite and ion exchanged sample are 95% and 94% respectively, compared to the raw samples purity of about 65%.