مهدی صابری

The construction of bus-only lanes may increase the threat and risk of accidents. The purpose of the upcoming research is to identify the effective factors and the contribution of each in the occurrence of accidents on bus-only lanes. The research method in this study is statistical description. The statistics of accidents and traffic volumes used in the research were collected by referring to the Transport and Traffic Organization of Mashhad Municipality. It was related to the period of 1395 to 1400 and the passages of the BRT-3 bus-only lane (Estiqlal Square to Holy Shrine). The number of accidents was 1891 and the volume of traffic was 291985. The results of this research showed that in the mentioned period of time, based on annual comparison, with the increase in traffic, the rate of accidents has increased. Also, by comparing the accident statistics of the mentioned years and the length of the bus-only lane for each of the roads, with the increase in the length of the bus-only lane, the rate of accidents has not increased. The most recorded accidents were related to Qarani crossing with 775 cases (40.9%). The highest proportion of non-culpable accidents was related to cars with 1190 (62.9%) cases, and culpable cases were related to pedestrians with 830 (43.9%) cases.The most accidents occurred due to lack of attention to the front with 178 cases (43.5%). The effective human factor in the occurrence of accidents, which has taken a higher proportion than other human factors, has been unnecessary haste.

Chronic neuropathic pain is one of the common and debilitating problems of human societies and is a challenge in health care Valerian officinalis has been used in the treatment of pain and anxiety due to its antioxidant effects and multiple mechanisms. Also, the medicinal form of emulsion is studied to increase the bioavailability and absorption of herbal products. The present study was conducted to determine the analgesic and anti-anxiety effects of the oral emulsion of the extract and compare it with the effects of the extract in adult male rats. First, the oral emulsion of the extract was formulated with the help of similar studies and Design Expert software, and the best formulation was selected. Then, neuropathic pain was induced in the animals with the help of a sciatic nerve chronic obstructive lesion (CCI) neuropathy surgical model. The extract and emulsion were given orally (gastric gavage) to the animals for 30 days, after which behavioral tests were performed, to investigate thermal allodynia, and elevated plus maze (EPM), to investigate induced anxiety behaviors, one day before Induction of neuropathy and on days 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 21, 30 after neuropathy were investigated, and at the end, the effects of oral emulsion gavage of extract and extract on lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue were investigated and compared. Separate administration of valerian extract and emulsion reduced cold allodynia in all days after CCI surgery compared to the neuropathy group (P<0.05). In addition, CCI surgery caused anxiety in rats. Administration of valerian emulsion and its extract were able to significantly reduce anxiety in the behavioral test of the plus-shaped elevated maze. The difference is that this reduction process started earlier with the administration of the extract emulsion (P<0.001). Also, the administration of the extract and emulsion significantly reduced the amount of malondialdehyde in the brain tissue in neuropathic rats compared to the neuropathy group (P<0.001), with the difference that the emulsion of the extract caused a greater decrease in the amount of malondialdehyde compared to the extract. Valerian extract and emulsion have analgesic and anti-anxiety effects. In addition, the administration of valerian emulsion in neuropathic rats has significantly more anti-anxiety and analgesic effects compared to the administration of valerian extract.

 Evidence indicates the beneficial effects of Lemon balm polyphenols in controlling morphine withdrawal syndrome. The effects of Rosmarinic acid, as one of the most active biological components of this plant, have not been studied in the field of opioid withdrawal syndrome, and therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of Rosmarinic acid on this syndrome in an animal model. 

 To induce dependence, morphine was injected intraperitoneally three times a day (with doses of 50, 50, and 75 mg/kg respectively) for 3 days. On the fourth day after morphine, naloxone was administered to induce the withdrawal syndrome. Different doses of Rosmarinic acid (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) as active treatments, clonidine, and saline (negative control) were injected in different and separate groups (n = 8), 30 minutes before naloxone. The levels of anxiety, irritability, and pain tolerance threshold were evaluated by elevated plus maze (EPM), open field, and hot plate tests after naloxone injection.

 Clonidine and Rosmarinic acid with a dose of 20 could significantly increase the presence of mice in the open arm of the EPM (p < 0.001). The excitability and motor activity in mice with withdrawal syndrome in the groups receiving 10 and 20 Rosmarinic acid and clonidine significantly decreased and the pain threshold increased (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the Rosmarinic acid 20 and clonidine groups.

 These results clearly show that moderate to high doses of Rosmarinic acid (>10 mg/kg) are as effective as clonidine in suppressing the occurrence of morphine withdrawal syndrome and can be considered as a candidate in future clinical trials.

Common anti-depressant drugs have various and sometimes serious side effects that can cause intolerance and arbitrary discontinuation of the drug by the patient. In this research, the anti-depressant effects of rosmarinic acid were investigated in mice and in groups of seven members using the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST).

For this purpose, intraperitoneal injection of rosmarinic acid with doses of 50, 20, 10, and 5 mg/kg in 5 groups of rats, as well as gavage of citalopram suspension with doses of 15 mg/kg in 2 groups and injection of normal saline in the control group for 7 days and then the FST and TST tests were performed. The mean ± standard error of the data obtained from each group was analyzed separately by one-way ANOVA test and P<0.05 was considered significant in each test.

Rosmarinic acid in doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg in both FST and TST tests had significant antidepressant effects compared to the group receiving normal saline (P<0.05) and also in the group receiving citalopram 15 mg/kg along with 50 mg/kg. Rosmarinic acid showed a significant difference in antidepressant effects compared to the group receiving normal saline (P<0.01). The dose of 50 mg/kg of rosmarinic acid did not have significant antidepressant effects compared to the control group.

The findings indicate that rosmarinic acid in low and medium doses has obvious and significant antidepressant effects compared to the normal saline control group, but it does not have an obvious superiority compared to citalopram. An antidepressant effect was not observed in the high dose of rosmarinic acid, which could be due to the predominance of its sedative effects. Therefore, it can be concluded that the antidepressant effects of this agent are not dose-dependent and follows a U-shaped dose-response curve.

In Iran, a variety of medicinal plants are used, either alone or in combination, for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, scientific and clinical studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of these medicinal plants.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of AKROPOL, a poly-herbal extract mixture used in Persian medicine, in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients.

Eighty six male and female patients, aged 40-60 years, registered at the Diabetes Clinic Registry of the Baqiyatallah Hospital, in Tehran, Iran, randomly allocated to two groups of 43 each. The patients in AKROPOL group received one capsule (containing 500 mg of poly-herbal extract mixture: chicory, turmeric, nettle, fenugreek and whortleberry) and the patients in placebo group received one capsule (containing 500 mg toast powder) twice a day in addition to their routine anti-diabetic medications for 3 months. The primary outcome measures were HbA1C and FBG (fasting blood glucose) levels, while lipid levels, liver enzymes and renal function tests were secondary outcome measures.

Compared with the placebo group and baseline, the AKROPOL group showed significant reductions in FBG, HbA1C, total cholesterol, and LDL-C levels. No significant hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, or other side effects were observed during the study.

The findings suggest that AKROPOL in addition to anti-diabetic and cholesterol-lowering effects, had no adverse effects in type 2 diabetic patients.

Avian H9N2 influenza virus is a significant pandemic pathogen widely distributed throughout the world. This virus can infect different species and cause zoonotic infections. Ownership of pets has been identified as a contributory factor to the transmission of infections to humans. In light of significant public health issues, this research investigated the prevalence of the H9N2 avian influenza virus in cats in the southeastern region of Iran. 75 feline blood samples were obtained from various sources, including the veterinary clinic of Shahid Bahonar University in Kerman, private clinics, and stray cats within the city. The results showed that 49 of the 75 feline samples (65.33%) tested positive for the presence of H9N2 antibodies. Statistical analysis revealed that raw food diets, outdoor living environments, and contact with other animals were identified as key contributors to increased seropositivity rates. This study demonstrates the potential risk factors for H9N2 exposure in the feline population and could inform future strategies to mitigate transmission risks in both domestic and stray cat populations.

Langerhans cells (Lc) are a subset of dendritic cells that reside in the epidermis. Antibodies or immunoglobulins arise from a combination of amino acids and as a result, the immune system can be affected by dietary amino acid.Methionine, in particular, is a vital amino acid for mammals, and studies have shown that a deficiency in S-adenosine methionine (SAM) can lead to a weakened immune system So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of intra peritoneal methionine on LC numbers in rat.Forty female rats of the same age were divided randomly into the four equal groups. Treatment groups received a daily corresponding dose of L-methionine (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg B.W.; i.p.) for 10 consequent days. After slaughtering, epidermis,dermis. and Langerhans cells wereThe results in the epidermis and dermis showed no difference in the thickness of these layers in all groups. Histopathologic findings did not display any congestion or inflammatory cells infiltration in all treatment groups compare to the controls.Obtained results revealed that methionine cannot change the number of Langerhans cells in healthy skin.

One year is a limited time to know what to do exactly in confronting with the newly recognized corona virus. In this situation we must welcome any action that would reduce the mortality rate due to COVID-19. In literature review, we come across the use of drugs with known uses that lead to serious inhibition of immune reactions. SSRIs are among these drugs. Therefore, the goal of the current research is evaluating the effectiveness of SSRIs on transferring of COVID-19 patients to ICU.

The research design is practical and the method is clinical trial. The sample of this study included 180 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Dr. Massih Daneshvari Hospital. They entered the research by targeted method of sampling. Half of them received SSRI drugs under the supervision of a psychiatrist and then their transference to ICU was examined. All data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

52.8% were female, 47.2% were male. According to the results significantly smaller number of patients who had received SSRIs, were transferred to ICU and intubated (P.V < 0.01) as compared to patients who did not receive SSRIs.

According to the present study, SSRIs can simultaneously improve psychological and physical status and decrease the risk of their transference to ICU and intubation. And therefore, ultimately save the lives of COVID-19 patients.

This study was carried out to analyze the trend of death due to substance abuse and related factors in Iran in order to design and implement preventive and therapeutic interventions for substance related deaths.

In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the data of 6810 deaths caused by drug abuse, registered in the "System of Registration and Classification of Causes of Death", defined by ICD-10 criteria and based on the reports of Ministry of Health and Legal Medicine Organization in 2014-2018. Variables including age, gender, type of poisoning and the type of substance leading to death were examined. Description of these data and examination of the time trend of the raw mortality rate were performed using joinpoint regression analysis and percentage of annual changes (APC) and average percentage of annual changes (AAPC) were calculated in SPSS V23.

The average age of the deceased was 39.2±17.0 years. Majority of them were men. Central regions followed by western regions of Iran accounted for the highest number of deaths that was related to opioid poisoning. Accidental poisoning and poisoning with unknown intention were the most frequent causes. Deaths due to opioids (APC=27.2, P=0.008) and stimulants (APC=109.24, P=0.1) overdose showed an increasing trend and a peak in 2014 in Iran. A decreasing trend was found in two groups of sedative-hypnotic-anxiolytics and other drugs, but it was not statistically significant. No trends were found for alcohol-related deaths.

There is a considerable increasing trend in accidental deaths, especially caused by opioids and mainly in middle-aged men which requires limiting measures. It is recommended to intensify drug monitoring and provide trainings about using naloxone as an emergency antidote to opiate overdose to families, police and emergency staff in early stages of drug poisoning.

The death registration is conducted by different systems in Iran. The drug-related death registration is exclusively conducted by Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) and Legal Medicine Organization (LMO). This study investigates the causes of undercounting drug-related deaths (DRDs) in Iran, provides recommendations for addressing this issue, and provides a geographical evaluation of the integrity and quality of drug-related mortality registration (2014–2017).

This is a mix-method study. In part1, individual targeted interviews were conducted with 12 experts in death registration in MOHME and LMO to collect data on the causes of low registration in Iran and provide recommendations for resolving the issue. Part2 of the study involved an intervention in the form of a memorandum of understanding on reduction of low-registrations. This memorandum was signed to transfer information about the corpses between the MOHME and LMO. First, the number of DRDs (2014-2017) was examined using capture-recapture method and, then, we calculated and compared the rate of preintervention (2014-2016) and post-intervention (2017) under-registration to assess whether this memorandum of understanding had been effective in reduction of under-registrations.

In part1, according to the participants, the causes of undercounting DRDs in LMO and MOHME were arranged and categorized into 4 categories: weak administration system, physician and personnel training problems, system constraints, and client-related problems. Also, some suggestions were presented to help resolving the problem of undercounting; these suggestions concern the administrative system, technology, and educational domains. In part 2, about half of the provinces in Iran had a positive performance in reducing the undercount.

At the macro level, the memorandum of understanding between the two organizations responsible for registering deaths was effective. However, increasing the quality of data registrations requires monitoring at the micro and organizational levels to lead to a positive performance in reducing death under-registration in all provinces.

The right to the enjoyment of social protection is one of the most important human rights in human rights instruments, international obligations of states as well as fundamental laws. Awareness of social protection rights has a significant role in social justice, peace of mind, and self-esteem in the people of society and to protect them from all risks arising from economic, social, and cultural crises. Today, with the rapid population increase, the complexity of issues and the extent of the need for these rights are of great importance, political and social importance and is one of the important indicators of development and development in the world countries.

In this study, using the descriptive-analytical method to collect information through the review of books, articles and theses, and research centers and internet and then data processing and data collected by optimum, discursive, and rational use are considered to provide relevant literature and research results.

The development of the legal system of social security is a necessity, and the formulation and completion of this legal system requires an acceptable constitution by the sovereignty and the people. This legal system to achieve the objectives and standards and evaluation strategies in terms of structure and legislation, judicial system, insurance, health services, health, relief support such as unemployment and disability insurance and providing very comprehensive, dynamic and It is efficient.

To organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty, and fidelity have been observed.

The U.S. A Social Security Program consists of three components: retirement aid, paralysis, and aid to survivors. The bill will be paid on the following three procedures: the pension based on the payment of the premium, the public allowances, and supplementary allowances, which ensure that the minimum monthly allowance is guaranteed for all pensioners.

Social security law as a tool for income redistribution, a manifestation of the establishment and guarantee of social security and justice and a source of peace of mind and self-esteem in individuals, can play an important role in protecting society against all risks of crises. Economic, social and cultural, so addressing these rights is of great importance in the context of the Islamic Republicchr('39')s plans for economic, social and cultural development. The condition for the excellence and success of any system in the formulation, application and implementation of these principles is accurate and correct.

This research is theoretical and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

Medical services are another necessity that the insured needs. An insured person who has always hoped to one day be able to use these services by participating in and paying premiums and per capita medical treatment, and with the support of social security treatment, some of his pain and suffering will be reduced.ses with a preventive, therapeutic, and corrective approach under the heading of deviation and disease.

Ethical considerations:

 In all stages of writing the research, while respecting the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

The current social security system in Iran consists of two parts: insurance system and support system. Accordingly, most of the services provided by Social Security are insurance and medical services. Providing medical services in Iranian social security is provided in two ways and under the supervision of the organizationchr('39')s deputy director of treatment. In the first method, these services are provided directly. After starting employment in the workplace and sending his first salary list, which takes place one month after employment, the insured becomes the owner of a medical record and can use the services. Insured to use medical services for free by referring directly to medical centers and social security hospitals. In the second method, which is the provision of medical services indirectly, the Social Security Organization, by concluding a contract and purchasing medical and medical services for the insured with other public and private medical institutions, provides the conditions for the insured to use these services. Today, due to their political, economic and even security importance, these principles are called not only as "tools and context of development" but also as one of the "goals of sustainable development".

In this paper a rail-to-rail time-domain CMOS winner take all (WTA) circuit is proposed. To convert the analog voltage to a delay time a voltage controlled delay line is employed. In order to implement a full range time domain winner take all, a linear rail-to-rail delay element is employed. A positive feedback loop is utilized to reduce the decision time. Employing a linear rail-to-rail delay element, improves the precision and dynamic range of the entire winner take all circuit. In addition, the proposed circuit is employed a new phase detector to reduce transistors have been utilized in the circuit and decrease the parasitic elements of VCDLs. As a result the proposed circuit is designed to operate in subthreshold region to 0.3V. Based on the proposed structure, a 3-input WTA circuit has been designed and simulated in a 0.18um CMOS technology with a 1V supply voltage. The simulated results confirm that the power consumption of the presented winner take all circuit is 0.72uW at 10MHz clock frequency.The simulation results show the Figure of Merit of 2.4uW/MHz and 99.98% precision and the circuit operates to 0.38V supply voltage.

The Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) and the Legal Medicine Organization (LMO) are the 2 death registration systems in Iran for registering drug-related deaths. The aim of the present study was to assess the number of undercount and the overlap between the deaths registered by the 2 sources.

In this descriptive study, according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), the registered data on drug-related deaths in the years 2014-2016, as recorded by the MOHME and the LMO, were collected and the number of deaths was estimated using 2-source capture-recapture method and Excel and SPSS software.

The total number of drug-related deaths, as registered by the 2 sources, was 8639 during the 3 years. A major part of the drug-related deaths (75% of the data) had been registered by the LMO and only 25% of deaths had been registered by the MOHME. There was also a small overlap (7.7% of deaths) between the data from the 2 sources. The final estimation from the capture-recapture model and analysis of sensitivity showed that, during the 3 years, the total number of drug-related deaths was 14517 [95% confidence interval (CI):14498-14558]. Based on the complete overlap assumption and 50% of unidentified individuals in the 2 sources, the number of deaths was estimated at 11341 and 12418, respectively. The largest number of drug-related deaths had occurred within the age range of 25-39 years and in men. Kermanshah, Hamedan, and Zanjan Provinces (Iran) had the largest number of cumulative incidences of drug-related deaths. Based on the data provided by the MOHME, the most common cause of death was Methadone poisoning.

There was a small overlap between the MOHME and the LMO in the registration of drug-related deaths. Failure to enter accurate and correct information has led to miscalculations of these deaths in Iran.

Razi Psychiatric Hospital is one of the most important mental hospitals in Iran. The majority of the patients who have committed crime are treated in this hospital. This study surveys the process of diagnostic assessment, care and rehabilitation of criminal inpatients of Razi hospital.
This is a descriptive-analytic study. The statistical population of this research incudes all of the patients of the hospital during winter 2015. The population was chosen using a non-random sampling method. The data was collected using a researcher-made form that included characteristics such as demographic, social-economic situation, diagnosis, the treatment they get and the type of the crime they had committed. In addition, the diagnosis and treatment information that was collected in patients’ cases using DSM-IV-TR, was also used. The HCR-20 checklist was piloted to assess the risk level. The collected data was checked using SPSS.
Findings: During three months of winter in 2015, the number of criminal inpatients in Razi Hospital was 153 (17 females and 136 males). The findings showed that the treatment that was served for them wasn’t different from the non-criminal patients’ treatment. The only treatment they received was regular doctor visits and drugs. No organized psychiatric, rehabilitation and educational service was provided. Also there is no follow-up program defined for these patients. Although the forensic medicine doesn’t send these patients to this center to only treat them but to assess their risk level, for which there is no organized program.
Criminal patients need practices more functional than what is currently being provided. This study shows that the level of the Razi Hospital’s service needs improvement and needs its special high secured section to assess and treat the criminal psychiatric patients.

Humans in modern societies expose to substantially elevated levels of electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions with different frequencies.The neurobiological effects of EMF have been the subject of debate and intensive research over the past few decades. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of EMF on visual learning and anatomical dimensions of the hippocampus and the prefrontal area (PFA) in male Rhesus monkeys.
In this study, four rhesus monkeys were irradiated by 0.7 microtesla ELF-EMF either at 5 or 30 Hz, 4 h a day, for 30 days. Alterations in visual learning and memory were assessed before and after irradiation phase by using a box designed that cchallenging animals for gaining rewards Also, the monkeys’ brains were scanned by using MRI technique one week before and one week after irradiation. The monkeys were anesthetized by intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride (10–20 mg/kg) and xylazine (0.2–0.4 mg/kg), and scanned with a 3-Tesla Magnetom, in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes using T2 weight­ed protocol with a slice thickness of 3 mm. The anatomical changes of hippocampus and the prefrontal area (PFA) was measured by volumetric study.
Electromagnetic field exposure at a frequency of 30 Hz reduced the number of correct responses in the learning process and delayed memory formation in the two tested monkeys. While, ELF-EMF at 5 Hz had no effect on the visual learning and memory changes. No anatomical changes were found in the prefrontal area and the hippocampus at both frequencies.
ELF-EMF irradiation at 30 Hz adversely affected visual learning and memory, pprobably through these changes apply through effects on other factors except changes in brain structure and anatomy.

The purpose of the study was to compare forensic psychiatric setting in Iran with European countries.
First a qualitative study (experience expression) was done, interviewing the forensic psychiatrics. Then to understand the sections of forensic psychiatry department, articles, scientific references and the relevant sites were reviewed. Their work was analyzed using emails and phone calls. Recording data forms that included different services, the way they worked and human resources’ potential in forensic psychiatric system in any of the chosen countries were filled accordingly.
Findings: In most studied European countries, the examination method, treatment, rehabilitation and post discharge care are the same. Observing the patient’s behavior and social interactions is one of the most important diagnostic tools. In Europe, forensic psychiatric activities’ focus is on criminal matters: risk assessment, treatment and rehabilitation of criminal patients. The more executive diagnostic facilities of forensic psychiatry and secure mental hospitals with special deparments are important factors that make significant difference.
Despite the differences that exist in European departments of forensic psychiatry’s activities, similarities are observed in factors such as mental patients’ examination method, diagnostic and treatment facilities, preparing a psychiatric report for the court. The activity of Iranian’s system isn’t functional enough in comparison to European system, due to factors like lack of standardized and secure diagnostic facilities, and limited access to criminal patients and courts. To improve the system, our country should consider some actions such as: establishment of standardized sections in prisons and psychological hospitals, longterm program to establish special hospitals, using common and standard tools of risk assessment and establishment of follow up clinics and nursing (guardian) houses for post discharge care of criminal patients.

Stress and other emotional distress are prevalent among cardiovascular patients. This study is performed to investigate the effect of medical counseling on stress and physiological factors of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA).
This study is of experimental type with pre-test, posttest and control group. Our sample consisted of 60 patients selected by a randomly accessible method and placed either into the experimental group or the control group. Stress was measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and physical factors data were obtained from patients’ files twice, before and after medical intervention.
Findings showed that post-test stress in experimental group was less than that of PCI patients, though not significant. Data were analyzed using SPSS and MANCOVA.
Medical counseling lacked any significant effect on stress and physiological factors of these patients. The experience of stress in cardiac patients seems to be unique and different from other people, thus its measurement requires a scale specifically designed for these patients.

In all over the world, sexual activities are increasing among single youth. Personality as a determining factor can influence all human personal and social behaviors. Studies show that some Personality traits may contribute to high-risk sexual behaviors. The aim of the current study was the assessment of correlation between high risk sexual behaviors and emotional intelligence.
This is a descriptive study with non-probability and convenience sampling method. The samples of research were girls and women 65 years-old with high-risk sexual behaviors that were referred to a female forensic unit in Tehran in 2014. The research instruments included a researcher-made questionnaire to assess high risk sexual behaviors and Bar-on emotional intelligence questionnaire. The validity of high risk sexual behavior questionnaire was determined using the content validity index and content validity ratio. The test-retest method was selected to determine the reliability and stability of high-risk sexual behavior questionnaires. Then, Interrater reliability was determined by the kappa coefficient. The questioner had a suitable level of reliability. Data analysis was performed using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, logistic regression and independent T test.
The most frequent sexual behavior was vaginal sex. Regression analysis showed that there were negative correlations between vaginal intercourse with happiness and self‐actualization as some emotional  intelligence components. there were also negative correlations between oral sex with problem solving, self‐actualization,  realism, stress tolerance and independence  as  other  emotional  intelligence  components (pDiscussion and The results support of the impact of emotional intelligence and its components on high-risk sexual behaviors among girls and women.

Dogs have been introduced as a major reservoir of Leishmania infantum. Concerning the increased sporadic reports of humeral visceral leishmaniasis in Golestan province, we aimed to study seroepidemiology of leishmania infantum in Rural Dogs. this study was conducted in 2012 - 2014 on 150 Serum samples of rural dogs, from 10 districts of Golestan province. The samples were analyzed by ELIZA kit. the frequency of leishmania infantum was 15.3% and it was higher in the dogs aged more than four. There were no differences in Leishmania infantum infection between sexes and seasons. our findings indicate the presence of Leishmania infantum in Golestan Province. Given the presence of positive titer of Leishmania infantum in dogs without clinical signs, we emphasize the main role of rural dogs in transmitting Leishmania infuntum to villagers in the studied area.

Gelatin and Chitosan are known as biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers. These biopolymers have recently received increasingly more attention for tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to survey of effects of Gelatin-Chitosan film in viability, proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation on bone marrow stromal cell (BMSCs) culture in rat. Fist, gelatin- chitosan composites film were prepared by solution mixing, of both biopolymer in %75 acetic acid. After two passage of BMSCs culture, cells in the four groups including control, gelatin, chitosan and chitosan-gelatin were grown. The cells viability during the second, fourth and sixth days by tripanblue, proliferation by cell account and cell apoptosis by Acridin Orange were examined. Also cell differentiation during the second, fourth and sixth day were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. The results showed significant reduction in cell proliferation in chitosan alone group (P<0.05). But the gelatin and chitosan-gelatin groups were similar to the control group as the cell proliferation was increased. Also all groups had no cell differentiation. Results of proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis cultured BMSCs on a gelatin-chitosan film showed that gelatin-chitosan film can be used as a good model of a biodegradable scaffold in tissue engineering and cell therapy.

Sulfur mustard (SM) is an alkylating and blistering agent that has readily reacts with a wide range of cellular macromolecules including DNA، RNA and protein. In this study، the effect of SM on cells viability and DNA fragmentation in the human fibroblastic cells was investigated. the HF2FF human skin fibroblast cell line were exposed to various concentrations of SM (180-1000 mM) and then incubated for 24 hours at standard condition. Then، the effect of SM was investigated by measuring percent of viable cells using gentian violet dye assays and DNA fragmentation by agarose gels electrophoresis and diphenylamine reaction. Viability of the cells exposure to 180، 300 and 300 mM SM was 65، 42 and 16%، respectively. DNA fragmentation was increased and represented a smear pattern on agarose gel electrophoresis after exposure to higher concentrations of SM (>180 mM). The effect of SM on viability and DNA damage is dose- dependent. At higher of SM concentrations (>180 µM)، SM alkylates DNA، leading to DNA strand breaks and the nature of the DNA fragments produced suggested that necrotic form of cell death.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide that has been used abundantly over the globe during the past 40 years. Chemical pesticides may induce oxidative stress via generating free radicals and altering antioxidant levels of the free radical scavenging enzyme activity. Therefore، this study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in the plasma samples of Wistar rat. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were selected randomly which were assigned to 2 equal groups، e. g. control and test. The control group received corn oil as the solvent، and the experimental group received 16. 5mg/kg/day of CPF (4mg/ml) orally via a stomach tube for four weeks. Plasma samples were taken on 1st، 7th، 14th، 21st، and 28th days، at a specific time. Catalase (CAT)، superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and also levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined. The oral administration of CPF could induce symptoms such as tremors، hair erection، weakness، diarrhea and asthma on Day 7 and onward. The data analysis of plasma samples showed significant (P<0. 001) decrease in the levels of glutathione and CAT enzymatic activity and a significant increase in SOD enzymatic activity and the MDA level. CPF could induce oxidative stress probably via production of free radicals as was evident by reduction of GSH level and CAT activity accompanied by increase in the activity of SOD and enhancement in the level of MDA in plasma samples. This necessitates the application of antioxidants when having exposure with OP pesticides.