مهدی علی زاده

This research aims to rank the dimensions of the organizational culture model based on Islamic resistance in the school of Martyr Haj Qasem Soleimani using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). This study follows a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative) and is developmental-applied in its objective, utilizing a survey methodology. The data collection method combines both library research and field studies, employing documents, expert interviews, and questionnaires as tools.The statistical population of this research includes university professors, experts in the field of Islamic resistance culture, senior managers of the governorate, and comrades of Martyr Soleimani, selected through purposive sampling, estimated at 21 individuals. Data analysis in this study was conducted using NVIVO version 11, EXCEL version 2019, and SPSS version 26 software.The qualitative data collected resulted in the extraction of 99 initial codes, 33 basic themes, and 11 organizing themes. The results indicate that the 11 themes of the organizational culture model based on Islamic resistance in the school of Martyr Haj Qasem Soleimani in the governorate of Sistan and Baluchestan are categorized into three levels. The most influential themes identified are: "strategy-oriented culture," "culture of promoting Islamic values," "commitment-oriented culture," "culture of resistance and perseverance," and "culture of participation and cooperation." The most impacted themes include: "justice-oriented culture," "ethical culture," "culture of accepting criticism," and "culture of Jihad and revolutionary spirit."

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is a medicinal plant with nutritional and economic value that faces a large area of low water and saline lands. The present research was conducted in two separate experiments in the form of a completely randomized design with the aim of investigating the effect of salinity on the secondary metabolites of the mentioned plant. This experiment was carried out in two ways: explant culture in MS solid culture medium with concentrations (0, 50, 150, 300, 600, 1200 μM NaCl) and callus culture in the same medium with concentrations (0, 50, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 75000 µM NaCl) were done. After four weeks, its physiological and biochemical characteristics were investigated. The results showed a decreasing trend in internal pigments with increasing salinity concentration. It was also observed that in explant culture, the fresh weight of callus decreased with increasing salinity (the highest fresh weight was related to the control and the lowest was related to the salinity level of 1200 micromolar) and in the callus culture, the highest fresh weight was related to the salinity level of 75000 micromolar. At all salinity levels, the density of pigments in explant culture samples was higher than in callus culture samples. Examining the changes of phenolic and antioxidant compounds showed that unlike explant culture in callus culture, there is a significant difference in the percentage of free radical inhibition, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid

This study investigates the effect of precipitation treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the high-entropy FeNi1.5CrCu0.5 alloy. The samples were first homogenized at 1080 °C for 12 hours, followed by precipitation treatment at 800 °C for 6, 24, and 48 hours. The microstructure of the samples was examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of Cr23C6 precipitates. The results demonstrated that the precipitation treatment effectively eliminated chromium-rich regions at the grain boundaries, and resulted in a more uniform microstructure after cold rolling and subsequent annealing. Mechanical properties, analyzed through shear punch testing, revealed that following cold rolling with an 80% thickness reduction and annealing at 1000 °C, the precipitated samples exhibited superior strength and ductility compared to the homogenized sample. The formation of Cr23C6 precipitates and the reduction in grain size were primary factors contributing to the improved mechanical properties. This study demonstrated that precipitating treatment significantly enhanced the strength and ductility of the FeNi1.5CrCu0.5 alloy.

This research aims to validate the organizational culture model based on Islamic resistance in the school of martyr Haj Qasem Soleimani. This research has a mixed approach of developmental application in terms of purpose and survey in terms of nature and method. The tools of data collection were documents, interviews, and questionnaires. The socio-statistical research in the qualitative part includes university professors, experts in Islamic resistance culture, senior managers of Sistan and Baluchistan Governorate, and Shahid Soleimani's comrades in a number of 21 people selected by purposeful sampling. The statistical population of this research in the quantitative part is 812 managers and experts from Sistan and Baluchistan province. The sample size based on Cohen's table is 205 people who were selected in a stratified manner. In this research, NVIVO, EXCEL, and SMART PLS software were used for data analysis. The results of open coding led to the extraction of 88 primary codes, 33 basic themes, and 11 organizing themes. Also, the results show that 11 themes of the research model are placed in three levels "strategy-oriented culture", "culture of promoting Islamic values", "commitment-oriented culture", "resistance and sustainability culture" and "participation and cooperation culture" are the most influential themes and themes. "Justice-oriented culture", "Ethical culture", "Criticism culture" and "Jihadist and revolutionary culture" are the most influential themes. The most effective relationship between a knowledge-oriented culture and a moral-oriented culture to implement the organizational culture model based on Islamic resistance exists in the school of Martyr Haj Qasim Soleimani in Sistan and Baluchistan Governorate.

Cross breeding processes including targeted crossings to increase drought tolerance, can be considered as a safe and permanent solution to reduce the harmful effects of drought stress on plants. Therefore, two issues of pistachio as a strategic crop in the country and location of Iran in arid and semi-arid region necessitated research in order to achieve rootstocks drought-tolerant hybrids are necessary.

The experiment was conducted as factorial based on a Completely Randomized Design with four replications in the research greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2018-2019. The treatments were consisted of 10 pistachio genotypes Ahmad Aghaei, Akbari, Sorkheh Hosseini, Garmeh, Fandoghi and interspecific hybrids (Ahmad Aghaei ×Integerrima, Akbari ×Integerrima, Sorkheh Hosseini × Integerrima, Garmeh × Iintegerrima and Fandoghi × Integerrima) and three levels of drought including control (field capacity), mild stress (65% of field capacity) and Severe stress (30% of field capacity) were applied on 3 months old the seedlings for 84 days.

According to the results, fandoghi genotype showed a higher malondialdehyde concentration in leaves (280.23 %), while the hybrid genotypes of Sorkheh Hosseini × Integerrima, Ahmad Aghaei ×Integerrima and Akbari × Integerrima showed a lower malondialdehyde concentration in leaves by 70.18, 76.70, 81.03 % respectively compared to the control. Several osmotic mechanisms are carried out by plants, especially pistachios, in stressful conditions to reduce the effects of drought stress. In fact, these mechanisms have enabled plants to withstand the damages caused by drought and have made plants able to recover their biochemical and physiological functions faster after removing the stress factor. For example, a general physiological mechanism adopted by plants to cope with abiotic stresses is the production of large amounts of low molecular weight, water-soluble, non-toxic organic compounds even in high amounts called osmolytes. One of the most important of them is proline. Therefore, the genotypes with higher amount of proline can be more tolerant to drought conditions. The next osmolyte is glycine betaine, which has a significant protective role in the stability of enzymes and the structure of plasma membranes when faced with drought stress. Therefore, glycine betaine plays a significant role in the resistance of plants to stress through the protection of enzymes, the photosynthetic apparatus, the elimination of free radicals, the preservation of membrane integrity, the protection of large molecules, and as a non-toxic compatible osmolyte. It has an environment. Carbohydrates also increase membrane stability in response to drought stress. Therefore, the accumulation of carbohydrates in the osmotic responses of plants is one of the factors that can prevent disorders in the cell membrane. In addition, phenols are also one of the antioxidant mechanisms of plants in drought stress conditions, because such compounds act as scavengers of reactive oxygen species and thus stabilize membrane, cells and prevent lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde is also a decomposition product of unsaturated fatty acids and hydroxides and is used as a suitable marker for lipid peroxide. Therefore, the amount of malondialdehyde obtained from the peroxidation of membrane lipids is used as an indicator for oxidative damage in most cases.

Based on the results of the present research, it seems that it is possible to use the hybrids of Sorkhe Hosseini × Integerrima, Ahmad Aghaei × Integerrima, and Akbari × Integerrima as drought-tolerant genotypes in dry areas. Therefore, based on the results of the present research, it seems that the plants in question can be used as drought tolerant genotypes in arid regions.

Star employees are people with the ability to create high credibility, are irreplaceable and enhance organizational value. As the key assets of the organization, stars play a central role in gaining competitive advantage. They are extraordinary human resources whose performance is visible inside and outside the organization and have high social capital. Considering the diversity and changeability of the concept of organizational star, this research seeks to understand the interpretation and meanings of this phenomenon in Amirkabir university of technology through the phenomenography strategy. In this research, the philosophy of interpretive research, the inductive research approach, the phenomenography research strategy, and the data collection method are semi-structured interviews. For this purpose, maximum diversity sampling was done from the research community that included the professors of AmirKabir University of Technology, and in this way, 20 professors from different faculties, scientific groups, scientific ranks, genders and specialties, were interviewed. Research data analysis was done by Dahlgren and Fallsberg method. The results of the research show that there are seven ways to experience the stardom of a professor in the university, which include: being a brand, being a researcher, being an industrialist, being a technologist, being scientific, being a coach and having grit. In addition, the descriptive classes are placed in four levels of personal capacity, educational, research and boundary-breaking authority, professional and technological authority and scientific index, which is a sign of their structural and hierarchical difference in addition to the difference in their meanings.

Potato Virus Y is one of the most important damaging and limiting factors of potato cultivation. Plants cope with harmful conditions by regulating the expressions of genes at different levels including transcription, post-transcription and translation, using stress tolerance or resistance mechanisms. Therefore, regulatory factors play a very important role in gene expression regulation under stress conditions. Long non-coding RNAs are one of the most important regulatory elements of genes. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying lncRNAs and investigation of their expression changes in PVY infected potato plants.

In this research CLC Genimic Workbench software was used for data analysis. After identifying lncRNAs, the genes affected by them were also analyzed. Then, Gene Ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were performed using STRING analysis and finally, the interactions between the identified lncRNAs and potato miRNAs were investigated.

According to the obtained results, a total of 3742 sequences were identified as novel lncRNAs in PVY infected potato transcriptome, of which 769 were differentially expressed. So that 310 lncRNAs were down-regulated and 459 were up-regulated in potato in response to PVY infection. Gene Ontology analysis of co-expressed genes with identified lncRNAs show the vital role of these genes in various biological processes, biosynthesis of cellular components, protein complex formation and signal transduction. Also, genes involved in biological processes related to creating defense response against stress, hypersensitive reaction, trehalose metabolism, antiviral responses related to RNA silencing and signaling pathways to induce systemic resistance, were co-expressed with identified lncRNAs in this study. The results of co-expression network between lncRNAs and miRNAs showed interactions between 56 lncRNAs and 5 miRNAs. The most interaction was observed between lncRNAs with stumiR6024-3p.

Considering the interactions between examined lncRNAs and the genes involved in defense responses against stress, it is concluded that the expression changes of these lncRNAs are an important part of the response mechanism to viral disease. The obtained results can be a step towards a better understanding of lncRNAs and their function in the development of PVY tolerance and resistance cultivars.

Organizational democracy situation in which the organization gives its employees the opportunity to participate in the organization's management and provides the conditions for participation in organizational decisions. Considering the diversity of the concept of organizational democracy, this research seeks to understand and interpret this phenomenon with a phenomenography approach. The data collection method is field and interview tool is used. The community of participants of the research was the employees of the Social Security Organization, which was sampled by the maximum diversity method and 32 employee were interviewed. Based on the analysis of the research findings, it was determined that there are eight methods of experiencing democracy in the organizational environment, which include: Thriving, realization of public will, power to change the process, rule of law, professional ethics, employee empowerment, collaborative decision-making and responding to clients. Based on research findings, descriptive classes in five levels of personal development (Thriving and empowerment), process-oriented (participatory decision-making and the power to change the process), culture-oriented (rule of law and professional ethics), organizational management (realization of public will) And society-oriented (answering to clients), which is a sign of the existence of structural and hierarchical differences in addition to their semantic differences.

The southern parts of Khorasan-e-Razavi are an important habitat for wild figs that are important in terms of food and breeding improvement. Also, commercial cultivation of figs is common in this province. In the present study, leaf and fruit morphological evaluation was done in domestic and wild figs of South Khorasan-e-Razavi. The plants were selected from fig groves and gardens in Gonabad, Bejestan and Bardskan cities. Also, three samples of globally known figs from Estehban, Fars province,  were selected as index and the data of the present study were compared with them. In examining the morphological characteristics, the international descriptor of IPGRI was used as well as the national guidelines for tests of differentiation, uniformity and stability in figs (Institute of Research, Registration and Certification of Seeds and Seedlings of Iran). Measurements of leaf and fruit traits were made in the middle of the ripening period. The results showed that there is a great diversity in the leaf and fruit traits of the studied figs, and some of these traits are considered important from the edible aspect as well as fig breeding programs. The comparison of average data showed that in the traits of internode length, internode number, terminal bud length, terminal bud width, number of leaves in one-year branch, central lobe length, leaf width, petiole length and petiole thickness, the lowest value was found in the wild figs and the highest value was recorded in cultivated ones. In determining the principal components, three factors (including seven traits in total) explained more than 93% of the variation observed in these figs. In cluster analysis, the studied accesions were placed in two separate groups. The local figs of clusters No. 4, 5, 6, 22, 23, 50 and 53 and the wild figs of clusters No. 10, 12, 51 and 55 have superior traits and are introduced as potential for commercial planting for further investigation.

In recent years, the use of organic acids has increased due to their role in the quantitative and qualitative yield and resistance to environmental stresses. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is one of the important antioxidants and plays a role as the primary substrate in cyclic pathways to remove toxicity and neutralize superoxide and single oxygen radicals. Ascorbate is also involved in the regulation of cell division and photosynthesis and has nutritional value for humans and is probably important for the tolerance of plants against photo-oxidative stress. Oxalic acid is a metabolic end product in plants that has many physiological functions, the main ones is the induction of resistance to disease and environmental stress by increasing the activity of enzymes involved in resistance and secondary metabolites such as phenol, flavonoid, etc. Considering the importance of the physiological traits of the plant in the production of quantitative and qualitative yield of strawberry and on the other hand, the lack of sufficient information about the effect of external application of ascorbic acid and oxalic acid on the physiological traits of the plant, the present research work aimed to investigate some physiological and qualitative traits of strawberry leaves and fruits affected by foliar spraying of ascorbic acid and oxalic acid.

The experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in Darkalate village of Ramiyan city of Golestan province to investigate some physiological responses of strawberry cv. Camarosa to the foliar application of organic acids. The experimental treatments consisted of three levels: non-spraying as control, spraying with 1 mM ascorbic acid and 1 mM oxalic acid, which was performed in three stages (from end flowering stage to the green fruit stage) at 6 days intervals. Finally, three plants were selected from each experimental unit and leaf samples were taken and transferred to the laboratory to measure physiological traits i.e. leaf area, fresh and dry weights, total chlorophylls, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, total sugars, total phenols and flavonoids. Also, when at least 75 percent of the fruit surface turned red, the fruits were harvested from each plot separately and immediately transferred to the Plant Physiology Laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The physicochemical traits of strawberry fruits including total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), flavor index, vitamin C, total phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, total anthocyanins were measured. Analysis of data were performed using SAS 9.2 statistical software and comparison of mean data were undertaken based on LSD statistical test.

The results showed that the foliar application of ascorbic acid and organic acid had a significant effect on the leaf area, fresh and dry weights, total chlorophylls, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total sugars, phenols and flavonoids. The highest mean leaf area (314.08 cm2), leaf fresh and dry weights (1.78 and 0.56 grams, respectively), chlorophyll a (0.43 mg/g), total carotenoids (0.29 mg/g), total sugars (1.43 µg/g), total phenols (0.70 mg/g) and flavonoids (0.19 mg/g) were observed in the application of oxalic acid. The control had the lowest mean in all studied traits (except carotenoids). The application of both ascorbic acid and oxalic acid resulted in an increase in photosynthetic pigments, elevating the total chlorophyll content by an average of 22% compared to the control group. Additionally, foliar spraying with ascorbic and oxalic acid led to higher levels of total soluble solids, increased antioxidant activity, and enhanced total flavonoid content in the fruit compared to the control group.Moreover, fruits harvested from plants treated with oxalic acid before harvest exhibited higher levels of total anthocyanin and phenol compared to fruits from plants treated with ascorbic acid before harvest and the control group. Fruits of plants treated with ascorbic acid compared to plants treated with oxalic acid had lower vitamin C and titratable acidity and higher flavor index. The physiological influence of oxalic acid was more superior than that of ascorbic acid and had higher positive effects in the studied traits were recorded. However, since ascorbate is one of the precursors of oxalic acid biosynthesis. Therefore, the changes caused by oxalic acid are indirectly influenced by ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid acts as a cofactor in photosynthetic reactions and prevents the destruction of chlorophylls and carotenoids due to its antioxidant property, and by interfering in cell division and increasing the surface area of leaves; it increases photosynthesis and the production of carbohydrates. In general, according to the results, it was found that the application of ascorbic acid and oxalic acid improved the quality characteristics and the content of health related compounds of Camarosa strawberry fruit by increasing photosynthetic pigments and biomass.

Blackberry (Rubus sp.) from Rosacea family is a fruit that has a high value due to its unique taste and high amounts of antioxidant compounds. Blackberries contain a wide range from completely thornless to thorny cultivars with highly dense spines of varying degrees of size and curvature. Blackberry fruits decay rapidly after harvest due to high respiration rate. Considering the nutritional value and increasing needs of the consumer market, in the present research physicochemical traits of thorny and thornless blackberries at ripening and during storage were evaluated.

Thorny and thornless blackberry fruits were harvested at commercial maturity and were compared in terms of physical characteristics in the form of a completely randomized design in three replications. In addition, a factorial experiment was conducted with two factors of blackberry type (thorny and thornless) and storage period (zero, four and eight days) in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications. For this purpose, about 100 grams of thorny and thornless blackberries were placed in porous polystyrene containers and kept at a temperature of 4±1 ˚C. The physicochemical characteristics of fruits were measured at the time of harvest (day zero) and on the fourth and eighth days of storage.

The results showed that at ripening stage, thorny blackberries had higher fruit length, diameter, vitamin C, soluble solids, pH, flavor index, anthocyanin, antioxidant activity and total phenol than thornless blackberries, while titratable acidity was higher in thornless blackberries. Increasing the number of thorns by expanding the photosynthetic surface, such as vegetative traits of leaflet width, diameter and number of branches, seems to increase carbohydrate production in thorny plants, which are also used to produce secondary metabolites and phytoalexins in the plant and provides reduction of damage from pests and diseases. With increasing the storage period, soluble solids, pH, flavor index, total phenol were increased significantly, but the antioxidant activity, vitamin C and titratable acidity were decreased. Also, the highest rate of fruit weight loss (9.54%) was recorded on the eighth day of storage in thornless blackberries. In both types of blackberries, the highest amount of anthocyanin was observed on the fourth day of storage, and the amount of anthocyanins in both thorny and thornless blackberries was decreased with increasing storage time, on the eighth day of storage as compared to the fourth day. In thorny and thornless blackberries, with the increase of storage period, at first days the amount of antioxidant activity was increased and then until the eighth day of storage, the amount of antioxidant activity was decreased, which was more in thornless blackberries than thorny blackberries. The amount of total phenol in thorny blackberries was decreased with increasing storage time until the fourth day of storage and then to the eighth day of storage the amount of total phenol was increased, however in thornless blackberries the situation was vice versa so that with increasing storage time to day fourth, the amount of total phenol was increased and then until the eighth day, the amount of total phenol was decreased.

Overall, thorny blackberries had a higher quality at the time of ripening and better shelf life during storage.

ehaviorism and its theoretical foundations are influenced by the assumption of environmental and internal factors' impact on behavior. They consider behavior as the basis for moral development, influenced by others and stimulating situations, and introduce the mechanism of acquiring it through conditioning and modeling of others. However, considering the characteristics of role models, the pattern, and the situation in which moral behavior takes shape and occurs, the influence and effectiveness of moral behavior imitation will have its own complexity. With the introduction of cognitive components, more modified perspectives of behaviorism, such as Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, exacerbate this complexity. While the analysis of learning and awareness, environmental determinism, judgment, and moral values varies among different behaviorist perspectives, from radical to more modified types, the introduction of gender as a variable may lead to changes in the process and mechanism of individuals' moral responsiveness. In this article, an attempt has been made to discuss the ethics of gender from various perspectives of behaviorist psychology with a focus on analyzing the influential factors in moral agency. According to the findings of this research, the influence of gender on moral agency is confirmed in more modified approaches to behaviorism, although this influence may be indirectly traceable in radical approaches.

Today, flexibility has become one of the important subjects in management theories and policies, and flexible human resource is the most important factor in responding to changes in the external environment. Human resource flexibility patterns are one of the most important aspects of organizational flexibility, which focuses on the adaptation of employees in characteristics such as knowledge, skills, and behavior to changing environmental conditions. In this regard, this research seeks to re-identify the effective factors and results of the flexibility of human resources based on quantitative studies.

The current research is developmental in terms of purpose, applied regarding type of use, and quantitative in terms of the type of data. The research population included scientific-research articles and theses in internal and external databases in the field of human resource flexibility from 2011 to 2021, during which 38 cases were included in the meta-analysis using a non-random sampling method. The selected studies were analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis software.

According to the findings of the research, two types of factors are effective in creating the flexibility of human resources: organizational and individual factors, and among the antecedents of human resource flexibility, leadership style variables, meaningful approach training, and commitment-oriented human resource management measures have the greatest effect size respectively, and among the outcomes of human resource flexibility, human resource development variables, employee well-being, and organizational ambidexterity have the largest effect size.

Based on the results of this research, a suitable framework of antecedents and approaches to the flexibility of human resources has been presented. Identifying and creating the flexibility of human resources, as the ability to respond appropriately to environmental changes, are effective in gaining competitive advantage and organizational success. Flexible human resources are realized through the tools available to managers, such as leadership style, training, and commitment-oriented actions, and it entails creative, innovative, perfectionist, and flexible employees.

In this research, transparent multi-layer graphene nanocoating was used to protect copper against oxidation at low temperature and the role of this coating on maintaining brightness and preventing copper color change was evaluated. For this purpose, multilayer graphene coatings were applied on copper substrate using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The multilayer graphene coating before and after the oxidation test was characterized using Raman analysis, optical and scanning electron microscopes. In addition, the color changes in the CIE-L*a*b* color space and the reflectance percentage in the range of the visible spectrum were studied. The results showed that the transparent multilayer graphene coating can maintain the appearance properties of copper after thermal oxidation for up to 4 hours. The results of the present research show that the multilayer graphene coating is effective in protecting the oxidation and as a result maintaining the color of copper. In addition, the results of this research showed that graphene oxidation starts and spreads from the defects and graphene grains boundaries.

Organizational Grit is a new concept of positive psychology and characteristic of successful people worldwide. Organizational Grit expresses enthusiasm to achieve long-term organizational goals. However, there needs to be more understanding about the lived experience of Organizational Grit. In this research, the phenomenological method was used to describe the lived experience of this phenomenon. The statistical population of this research was the judicial staff of Kurdistan Province. In this research, first, based on the questionnaire of Southwick and his colleagues, people with Grit were identified. Then, with the non-random-targeted sampling method, an in-depth interview was conducted with eight people. The findings of the qualitative analysis showed that the essence of the experience of organizational strength consists of four main themes: Organizational Grit as an active personality with sub-themes of innovation, patience, flexibility, learning, optimism, self-confidence, and risk-taking. Moreover, healthy thinking; Two: Organizational Grit as work spirituality with the sub-themes of God's satisfaction, God's people's satisfaction, honesty, piety, politeness, ethics, fairness and work conscience; Three: Organizational Grit as work endurance with the sub-themes of perseverance, pursuit, effort courage, decisiveness, being committed, accuracy, authority and foresight, Four: Organizational Grit as a general problem solver with the sub-themes of problem analysis, expertise, responsibility, service-oriented, realization of justice, citizen rights, result-oriented and solving judicial cases. Understanding the lived experience of organizational Grit can facilitate the organization's movement toward achieving its goals.IntroductionGoal pursuit is ubiquitous in our everyday life. Goals can keep us going and provide something to aim at; they guide our actions, big and small. Indeed, goal pursuit can be considered the cornerstone of human behavior (Milyavskaya& Werner, 2021). In connection with this subject, A newly defined personality trait called “grit” has been attracting the interest of scholars in recent years. Duckworth et al. defined grit as a personality trait of perseverance of effort and consistency of interest for long-term goals and suggested Grit as a valid predictor of long-term success shared by the most prominent leaders in every field (Suzuki et al., 2015).People adopt different behavior patterns in the way of motivating their long-term goals. Some people are steadfast and continue their efforts despite various issues and challenges (Arco Tirado et al., 2018). High-performance people have special attitudes and behaviors that differentiate them from others, and this capability has been proposed as organizational strength (Fernandez-Martin et al., 2020). Considering the importance of organizational Grit and the research gap in this field, this research investigates the lived experience of people with Grit in the judiciary using the phenomenological method. It seeks to answer the following main question:What does organizational Grit mean from the point of view of judicial staff? Literature ReviewThe studies of Duckworth and his colleagues in 2005 also showed that a large part of people's success is explained by their ability to be Grit in addition to intelligence (Guerrero et al., 2016). In other words, pursuit, effort, and interest, which indicate Grit, are distinguished from intelligence and talent and are equally critical in achieving success (Duckworth et al., 2015). Grit is in the intra-individual field and expresses the necessary capacity to regulate individual behavior and emotions to achieve goals (Shechtman et al., 2013). Duckworth and his colleagues define Grit as a non-cognitive parameter of individual abilities to pursue long-term goals without changing interests or goals along the path that leads to desirable outcomes (Duckworth et al., 2012).People with high and low Grit are distinguished only in situations of failure or difficulty. Difficulty is necessary for the distinction of having or not having Grit. (Lucas et al., 2015). People with Grit have a positive view of the work environment, see failure as a success for learning, and have long-term goals (Wagner & Ruch, 2015). When faced with difficult problems, these people do not give up easily and have perseverance and stability in the face of changing directions (Duckworth et al., 2007). Because they have positive emotions and expectations, they have more continuity and continuity in doing their work (Ginti, Brindle, 2015). People with Grit are conscientious and highly motivated (Meriac et al., 2015). They are conscientious, reliable, organized, diligent, and self-controlled (Duckworth & Seligman, 2005). People with Grit have the capacity and ability to self-regulate and enjoy doing the task until the end of the work - not for the reward - (Kohen, 2014). In addition, people with Grit are self-efficacious and optimistic (Kraft & Duckworth, 2015). MethodologyIn this research, the philosophy of interpretive research, inductive research approach, phenomenological research strategy and qualitative research method were used, and the data collection method was interview. The phenomenon of organizational Grit is an individual variable, and in its investigation and analysis, it should be addressed from an individual lens. In this regard, first, in the Kurdistan Province Justice Research Society, the Organizational Grit Questionnaire of Sutwick and his colleagues (the attached questionnaire) was distributed, then the people who had an average score of 4 or higher (out of 5 points) were identified as people with Grit and then with Non-random-targeted sampling method, in-depth interviews were conducted with 8 people (according to Table 1). The phenomenological approach is to study how the phenomenon is described by humans and their experience through the senses. The experience and interpretation of the phenomenon is the focus of phenomenological research (Mohammadpour, 2017). In order to deeply understand and understand the phenomenon of organizational Grit, this research deals with the lived experience of people with Grit. Discussion and ResultsQualitative data analysis showed that the lived experience of organizational Grit includes four main themes and thirty-two sub-themes as follows:Organizational Grit as an active personality with sub-themes of innovation, patience, flexibility, learning, optimism, self-confidence, risk-taking and healthy thinking.Organizational Grit as work spirituality with the sub-themes of God's satisfaction, God's people's satisfaction, honesty, piety, politeness, ethics, righteousness and work conscience.Organizational Grit as work endurance with the sub-themes of perseverance, follow-up, hard work, decisiveness, being committed, accuracy, authority and foresight.Organizational Grit as a general problem solver with the sub-themes of problem analysis, expertise, responsibility, service-oriented, realization of justice, citizen rights, result-oriented and solving court cases. ConclusionThe results of the research showed that the lived experience of organizational Grit indicates having four main themes, and according to these four themes, organizational Grit can be described as follows:Organizational Grit means having the characteristics of an active judicial personality (innovative, flexible, learning, optimistic, self-confident, risk-taking, patient and healthy thinking), which with the approach of work spirituality and righteousness (pleasure of God, satisfaction of God's people, honesty, piety, politeness, ethics, right-mindedness and work conscience) and the presence of work perseverance (persistence, follow-up, effort, decisiveness, commitment, accuracy, authority and foresight) in order to solve public issues and litigation (problems, expertise, responsibility) acceptable, service-oriented, realization of justice, citizenship rights, result-oriented and solving court cases).In general, the phenomenon of organizational Grit is common in some dimensions such as personality traits, having work endurance and problem solving (result realization), but in this research, work spirituality makes it different from other definitions and is proposed as an innovation in the definition of organizational Grit. AcknowledgmentsThe researchers consider it necessary to express their appreciation and gratitude to all the judicial staff of Kurdistan province who helped them in conducting this research.

Measuring organizational effectiveness and performance is essential in making strategic decisions and evaluating organizational success. The purpose of this study is to design an model of effectiveness in the public sector studied by police with a thematic analysis approach.

The method of this qualitative research is thematic analysis. Data collection is field and library and with the tools of interview and documentary review. The participants of the study were police experts who were selected by non-random-purpose sampling method and numbered 21 people. Data analysis was performed by Clark-Brown thematic analysis method.

After implementing the data text, 227 primary codes, 64 sub-themes, 18 main themes were identified, including: systemic, achievement, strategic stakeholders, process, human-centered dignity, knowledge-based, vision-oriented, internal stakeholders, external stakeholders and reduction, external stakeholders, reduction Crimes are the improvement of evaluation scores, the promotion of safety in the workplace, the promotion of trust and public participation, the promotion of stakeholder satisfaction, the promotion of organizational health, the improvement of the quality and quantity of inspections, and the promotion of a culture of self-control. The effectiveness model of the organization was designed using the obtained themes.

In the inspection effectiveness model, there are four systemic approaches, reaching the goal, strategic stakeholders and a focused process with the core values of human dignity, knowledge, and perspective.