مهرداد جاویدی نژاد

The principle of privacy and its subsets, including hierarchy, introversion, and architectural integration with nature, are evident in traditional house architecture, especially in the warm and dry climate of central Iran. This research has been conducted using descriptive and analytical methods with practical aims and employing qualitative inference methods and field analysis of indigenous housing in the city of Yazd. Four case studies of traditional houses in this city (Aloumi House, Golshan House, Marvaj House, and Rasoulian House) have been selected as case studies and qualitatively examined. Data collection was also carried out through library studies and field observations. Despite the principle of privacy being present in all regions of Iran's climate, this architectural element has greater significance in warm and dry climates. Privacy is manifested through introverted architecture, the use of porches, octagonal spaces, corridors, and the presence of a central courtyard to open up the privacy of semi-private spaces towards the courtyard. The findings indicate that while some features related to the principle of privacy in contemporary houses with small dimensions and urban density and in the form of apartment housing are not applicable, some elements of indigenous architecture towards preserving privacy have the potential for capacity assessment in adapting to contemporary housing. Not placing parallel exit doors, designing entrance spaces, and paying attention to circulation in a way that private spaces such as bedrooms and bathrooms are separated from more public spaces like reception areas, bathrooms, and kitchens, attention to the position of private space in the Iranian house, and the lack of compatibility of open kitchen formations with this principle are some aspects that can be considered in contemporary houses and steps towards adapting the principle of privacy in modern architecture for building housing in contemporary and even future cities.

Iran is one of the ancient civilizations with a rich history in the fields of culture, art, and architecture. Among the different architectural styles of Iran; vernacular and traditional architecture of cities and desert climates has architectural originality that has undergone various changes over time. One of these valuable vernacular originals is the experience of using earth architecture techniques in different forms and functions. Earth architecture is considered one of the construction techniques with several thousand years of historical richness and from a theoretical point of view, it is part of the sub-branches of Vernacular architecture in architectural knowledge, which despite the background; Now, by the times and changes in "culture" and "technology", it has undergone a transformation on the widespread use and acceptance and is facing a noticeable decline. Reducing the amount of use and acceptance of earth architecture due to the mentioned changes in the contemporary era is more important and is the focus of researchers. In this regard, knowing "public acceptability", as one of the specialized fields of social dimensions of Earth architecture, can help to explore the causes and reasons for this issue. Referring to the scientific texts and resources available in this field is also one of the appropriate tools to cover the prevailing scientific current in the subject under investigation. The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the content of existing international research regarding the social acceptability of Earth architecture.

The methodological approach of this research; is quantitative and is based on the use of the content analysis technique of fifty international studies in the field of public acceptability of Earth architecture. For this purpose, this research in this field has used a set of descriptive indicators such as "frequency of publication", "concentration of texts", "geographical distribution" and "main thematic axes of the articles" to analyze and classify the content of the mentioned articles.

The results of the research indicate the possibility of comparing, harmonizing research, aggregating, and finding gaps around this issue. Therefore, social acceptability in Earth architecture is a rich and multi-aspect concept that includes topics such as advantages, disadvantages, challenges, obstacles, drivers, and variables of public acceptance of this architectural construction method. In addition, the findings of this research focus on the possibility of recognizing a set of challenges, advantages, multiple diverse obstacles, and drivers for promoting the public acceptability of using earth materials, promoting earth architecture, and filling scientific gaps in this specialized subject, especially in domestic scientific texts.

Based on this; The findings include a range of “technical and architectural challenges”, “policy-based and socio-cultural obstacles”, and “technical and scientific-educational drivers”. Therefore, part of the existing gaps have been filled by this research.

Earthen architecture, with its long history, still requires reflection and innovation in various areas such as technology, engineering, and laboratory testing. The current research focuses on stabilized earth blocks recognized as innovative materials in earthen architecture. Using technical specifications and laboratory tests, this study introduces them as a new approach to enhancing earthen architecture and its materials. The research methodology employed qualitative methods, relying on scientific and laboratory documents, along with library studies. These investigations demonstrate the considerable potential for development and improvement in earthen architecture, with stabilized earth blocks emerging as effective innovations in this field. Stabilized earth blocks, produced using the compressed earth block method, are considered among the most advanced products in earthen architecture. They utilize soil requiring technical processes like compression, stabilization, and various tests such as the jar test and compaction test. These blocks exhibit suitable flexibility and adhesive strength, enabling production in different dimensions for use in foundations, walls, beams, and ceilings of buildings. The advantages of these blocks include the advancement of earthen architecture both technically and practically, fostering new technology in the field. The importance of technical testing and production stages of these products is emphasized in the article, highlighting their potential impact on the development and improvement of these innovative materials nationwide.

This study aims to explore the generative capacity of Iranian architectural precedents by focusing on disclosing the formal devices used in the relationship between ornament and architecture and discusses a new way of reading ornaments that is neither involved in interpreting the purposes of ornament nor in describing its consequences, instead it reads the relationship between ornament and architecture, which can reveal new dimensions of the internal evolution of architectural form.The importance, variety, and complexity of Iranian Architectural ornaments require appealing to different reading strategies for a complementary and comprehensive studies. in this way, this study, by pointing to the importance of exploring the organizational capacity of form of architectural precedents, intends to reveal the nature of formal devices, that can mediate between ornament and its host object (Architecture).These devices are examined according to the framework established by the "relationship of device / material" belonging to the formalist criticism of Russian literature, through which the architectural form can be understood and examined in its totality and also can be used as a method for generative analysis of architectural precedents. This method does not ignore the visual or self-referential character of the devices, but its main purpose is to reveal the instrumental role of formal devices, and by reading ornaments as one of the components of the architectural form, it tries to present various diagrams with the aim of explaining the relationship between ornament and architecture as new vocabulary to expand the boundaries of the discipline of architecture.

Soil-based architecture is one of the ancient construction techniques and a part of the valuable originality of architecture, engaged with its wisdom, whose experience of its usage has undergone various changes over time. The purpose of this research is to understand the current public acceptability of using soil-based architecture in Yazd city and the set of different factors affecting it. The research approach is quantitative, and its nature is applied, along with the use of deductive reasoning logic and popular public acceptability measurement models such as the 'UTAUT' model and the 'theory of planned behavior'. The method of data analysis is quantitative and includes a set of descriptive and inferential statistical tests such as the mean difference test and linear regression. The research data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire with a statistical population of 400 people, using the random sampling method. Based on the descriptive findings of the research, the variable of awareness has the lowest score (1.75), and the variable of perceived usefulness of the environment (3.90) has obtained the highest score. Additionally, the behavioral index of the use of soil architecture in the city of Yazd has an average score lower than the middle limit of the Likert scale (2.71). Moreover, sixteen independent variables have a correlation coefficient with the dependent variable of behavior, and six independent variables have a statistically significant influence coefficient (r2 = 0.625) on the dependent variable. 'Perceived ease,' 'individual characteristics,' 'behavioral attitudes,' 'experience,' and 'perceived usefulness' in the 'structural engineering dimension' had the highest impact coefficient among this set of variables. In summary, the introduced model for the public acceptability of using soil-based architecture provides measurement of this index for the city of Yazd

The approaches of intervention in worn-out urban tissues have evolved from reconstruction, renovation, urban regeneration and sustainable urban regeneration, and in this evolutionary path, from only paying attention to the body, emphasizing social, economic, cultural, environmental and have had art Today, the approach of renovation in the form of urban regeneration plans as supportive and sustainable approaches, create great economic, cultural, social and physical opportunities for small and large cities that are facing the problem of worn-out structures. The thesis is that the worn-out urban fabric lacks cultural heritage. This article aims to evaluate the programs and measures taken to renew the worn-out fabric (Tehran's 9th district) based on incentive policies with an approach and emphasis on spatial quality. During the investigations, it was determined that renovation is not only a physical phenomenon, but all aspects should be considered. to achieve the desired spatial quality in it. This research is practical and fundamental in terms of its analytical and exploratory nature. The collection methods are based on documentary and library studies, surveys and questionnaires. Method In this article, with the aim of investigating the research hypothesis, at the level of region 9, and since it was not possible to study all citizens, the sample size was estimated to be 378 people, but for more validity, it has been increased to 400 questionnaires, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire has been checked. For the hypothesis, the questionnaire was ranked with 6 dimensions of indicators compiled based on the process of hierarchical analysis of influence and effectiveness (pairwise comparison). In the final part of the research based on exploratory analysis, he recorded using Micmac software. In fact, the combination of the renovation approach with the priority of the spatial quality of the environment and the prioritization of its principles in accordance with the physical characteristics of the tissue and the social and economic characteristics of the neighborhood structure can solve the problem of inefficient and worn-out tissues and the housing quality problem in the long term, and the role of urban management as an institution Supervising the renovation by emphasizing on the appropriate patterns of consolidation with the aim of producing quality housing is very effective.

“Earth architecture” is one of the construction techniques in architecture with a rich history dating back to several thousand years, whose traces are visible in the architecture of different nations of the world, including Iran. Earth architecture is one of the sub-branches of vernacular architecture, which has a rich set of originalities and native-historical capacities in different parts of the world. Due to the extensive availability of soil; it has played a significant role in time and history by reflecting many originalities of vernacular and traditional architecture. Regions like the historical city of Yazd, characterized by desert climates, have historically been ideal environments for the development of earth architecture. Despite its longstanding heritage, contemporary attention to the various capacities and innovations of earth architecture has been lacking, with challenges and sensitivities in the field now garnering increased attention. Based on this, despite the background and existing rich capacities; The trend of widespread use and acceptability of Earth architecture in the contemporary period has been accompanied by a noticeable decline because of the growth of technology in competing industrial materials and cultural changes in construction. Public acceptability is a comprehensive and relevant matter and its application can provide the level of public acceptability. As such, the aim of this research is to identify bottlenecks and strategies to enhance the public acceptability of earth architecture in Yazd. By utilizing the public acceptability index and emphasizing the historical context of the city, the study seeks to promote the revitalization and improvement of earth architecture in the region.

The historical city of Yazd, with its desert climate, has historically provided an ideal environment for the development of earth architecture. Despite its rich heritage, contemporary attention to the diverse capacities and innovations of earth architecture has been lacking, leading to increased scrutiny of the challenges and sensitivities within the field.

The research findings reveal that Earth architecture, like other architectural techniques and styles, possesses its own set of advantages, disadvantages, challenges, obstacles, and drivers. Through content analysis of research literature and consultations with local experts, these factors have been identified and categorized. In addition, categorization and prioritization of the challenges, obstacles and drivers of earth architecture in the research literature and experts of Yazd shows the similarities and differences that indicate the “locality” of the public acceptability of earth architecture. From a comparative point of view, regarding the challenges in the scale of world literature, “technical challenges” have been the most important issue. In the same scale and in the obstacles section, “policy-based obstacles” had more points, and in the driver’s section, “technical and architectural drivers” were emphasized more. On the other hand, public acceptance of earth architecture”; “less university programs and courses” and two categories including “innovation and technology” and “standard development and control criteria” are respectively “priority challenges”, “priority obstacles” and “priority drivers” of Yazd city.

The category of public acceptability of earth architecture has a set of interconnected elements that bring together different issues such as advantages and limitations, and the triple bottlenecks of challenges, obstacles, and drivers. Accordingly, recognizing and prioritizing the covering variables for each of these multiple elements in order to improve and promote the public acceptability of this construction method and to promote the public acceptability of earth-based materials is very important in this field. This prioritization serves as a valuable tool for identifying collective actions within specific physical contexts, facilitating the implementation of architectural policies. Moreover, this new policy framework places greater emphasis on public acceptance, thereby fostering increased attention and support for earth architecture in Yazd city. Such a focused approach can effectively promote public acceptance in a practical and targeted manner.

Studies and investigations conducted on the principles of architectural processes in different regions demonstrate a close relationship between the conventional architecture of an area or region and its geographical climate. Examining the characteristics of architectural styles in various regions concerning climatic conditions can effectively contribute to presenting optimal architectural patterns. Indigenous housing in Iran's warm and arid climate has consistently provided thermal comfort for its inhabitants. It is worth mentioning that the principles of designing and architecting housing are aimed at environmental comfort, energy efficiency, and environmental control by climatic conditions. Therefore, studying and assessing these features can be utilized in contemporary architecture as rich patterns from the past. The subject of discussion herein revolves around the potential of indigenous architecture for application in modern architecture. This thesis, using descriptive and analytical mechanisms and with an applied objective, adopts qualitative and quantitative inference methods and field analysis of indigenous residential houses in Yazd City, chosen as a specific case study. Furthermore, data collection methods involve library studies and field observations. The research findings indicate that in many instances, the pattern of indigenous housing in warm and arid climates significantly influences improving the thermal and cooling comfort of residential house inhabitants.

Nowadays, due to the complexities in the issues and extensive changes in the world of architecture, the benefit of creativity in design is felt more and more. However, the important point is the issues that are faced by architecture today with these developments, which are different from the challenges and issues of previous eras. As a result, this condition requires a unique procedure for dealing with issues so as to create creative works. The necessity of conducting this research is to pay attention to the effect of creativity and its strengthening in the way of individual or group attention. The aim of the present research is to measure the level of architectural creativity at both individual and group levels to develop the desired strategy in creativity education and strengthen it, achieving the desired results in the area of the architecture profession.

In this study, the collected data and materials will be examined with a descriptive-analytical method, and finally, we will analyze the results of the test by drawing diagrams using the quantitative data extracted from the test in the educational environment. This study is applied in terms of purpose. Moreover, the Delphi method was used to extract the factors of measuring and evaluating the design method as "individual or group" and the design product.

Based on the findings of the research, measuring the method of facing the issue of architecture (group method), which can be called a method fitting the current complex structure of architecture, after measuring the (individual) method and receiving its results, as controlled and imposing limitations to confirm its validity in subjects with the same subject of the individual method and the same individuals as a group showed; taking advantage of the group method, in which individuals simply get together to carry out architectural design, is not only positive but according to what was seen in the test, it also leads to a decrease in creativity compared to the individual method.

The results of the research showed that the scores for measuring and evaluating the level of creativity in the designed product in the group method, in groups that pay attention to the variables affecting the group, including size, diversity, cohesion, and communication system, and so-called synergy methods have occurred at a higher level than the scores in an individual method. It should be considered that synergy will occur when there is a set of conscious, coherent, and coordinated efforts by people to achieve a common goal(s) by which the promotion of creativity appears to be one of its consequences. However, it is obvious that architectural design relies on individual taste and creativity as well as group synergy and support for common ideas. Therefore, it appears that, in addition to focusing on the individual level, it is essential to pay attention to the ways of cultivating creativity at the group level in the area of education planning.

Deteriorated fabrics is one of the main problems of Iran's metropolises, which is most evident in the city of Tehran. The studies conducted on the possible earthquake in Tehran indicate that this natural disaster will be a great human disaster for Tehran. From time to time, this issue requires urgent decisions to renew this structure as soon as possible, but it seems that the haste in the decision caused many human and quality issues to be ignored. In fact, a holistic approach was needed in order to speed up and consider several cases and components. Revitalizing or revitalizing architecture as a holistic approach derived from sustainable architecture can be used in construction in worn-out contexts. Introducing and explaining the concept of regenerative architecture as a holistic approach that can be used as a theory and conceptual framework in evaluating the degree of desirability of architecture and its compatibility with humans and the environment in deteriorated fabrics. Using the Delphi method and through interviews, as well as reviewing research documents and literature; 6, then, 34 indicators related to research were extracted and in the form of consensus index (importance, certainty and priority) indicators that can have an impact on the non-realization of revitalizing architecture in improving the quality of housing and dilapidated fabric. The developed indicators were ranked based on the process of hierarchical analysis of influence and effectiveness (pairwise comparison). In the final part of the research based on exploratory analysis with the help of Micmac software, they were analyzed in the framework of cross effects matrix. Based on the results of the research, the revitalizing architecture approach as one of the foundational platforms for sustainability, revitalization and improvement of the quality of Housing in Deteriorated fabrics will be able to achieve this through its effective dimensions, and according to the ecological dimensions; operational; design and body; Economic; social and cultural; Mental and perceptive have the most effect and importance. According to the results of the direct and indirect influence of the key drivers, 3 indicators of changing the architectural trend and using the principles of sustainability, improving the performance of the environment, proper organization of the hierarchy have the most direct impact and 3 drivers of the flexibility of activities and functions, balancing needs and satisfactory coexistence and investment development. They will have the greatest indirect effectiveness in the process of applying a revitalizing standard in improving the quality of Housing in Deteriorated fabrics in Iranian cities.

Referring to Precedents and studying them in the design process is a common activity performed by designers and if done correctly can help them solve design problems and lead to the formation of creative ideas. but, there is also a risk of superficial perception, which traps them in the trap of imitation. Therefore, how to read the Precedents and use them in the design process is of particular importance. The present study was conducted with the aim of drawing a framework and in order to create a model for generative reading of precedents and their use in the architectural design process. The generative capacity of reading precedents is related to disclosing viable principles in the analyzed work, and it aims to make the connection between analysis and design. To this end, it begins with a summary of the formalist critique approach as a model for reading architectural works and continues with a discussion of precedents as a source of design knowledge. Before concluding, it raises three important areas through three questions and examines them to draw its framework. Finally, as a conclusion, it proposes two approaches in utilizing precedents, during which we can study the precedents and approximate configuration with abstract diagrams and apply them to future situations in the first step, as well as develop them creatively to adapt to new situations at a later stage. And Discuss and apply the proposed framework as a way to study precedents in the design process.

Architecture education has always been associated with two different and complementary processes: creative thinking and linear/technical thinking. Today, the process of training an architect in an academic environment is usually based on design studios, which is complemented by formal training in theoretical and technical topics. This system is based on the idea that it will enable students to develop creative and appropriate solutions. However, this teaching method might cause hidden problems that, in some cases, can hinder students’ learning progress and cause their full potential skills not to be identified and exploited. Ateliers (workshops) in architecture schools are the main teaching tools in which students are exposed to solving many design problems. Since burnout causes the learning process to decline, its reduction is of interest to many academic settings. Burnout is one of the educational system problems at all educational levels, which leads to a waste of power and expenses and can have a devastating effect on personal and academic life. In addition, new and various educational methods, including gamification, have been reviewed, improved, and used over the years. For various purposes, educational non-entertainment games (serious games) are designed to achieve academic goals and values and to develop skills.

Games are fun ways to learn and provide a safe and secure environment in a simulated environment for learners to make decisions and even make mistakes without fear of real-world consequences. The player can confront a variety of challenges in the games that conform to the latest proven principles of learning effectiveness. Learning through educational games is unconscious, indirect, and effective. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of architecture design education at the undergraduate level in reducing students’ academic burnout and thus improving the learning process of design. This method aims to maximize students’ capacity to acquire information and skills. Their creative and technical competencies have been integrated to improve the effectiveness of architectural education and increase future architects’ work quality. This study was conducted experimentally using a pretest-posttest design with control and intervention groups. The statistical population of this study was the students of Parand Branch Azad University, who were randomly selected to participate in this research. They are equally divided into two intervention and control groups. MBI-GS (S) standard burnout questionnaire was used to collect data, and SPSS.22 software was used for statistical data analysis. The games were designed under the chapter to achieve the research objectives and performed in the intervention group’s studio.

Student feedback was recorded at each level of the games and at the end of the semester, with very interesting results in student design quality, increased motivation, and interest. Hence, the design learning promotion was achieved. Statistical results show that there is a big difference between the three conceptual sections of academic burnout, including exhaustion (feeling tired because of study requirements), cynicism (having a pessimistic and apathetic attitude towards homework), and professional efficacy (feeling incompetent as a student). There were intervention and control groups among the students after completing the training sessions and holding a post-test. Therefore, the study of academic burnout and effective strategies in reducing exhaustion to achieve educational goals and improve the design learning process was the criterion of this study, in contrast to other previous studies that examined the result of gamification in the product of architecture and design, or studied the purely psychological effects of burnout. The design learning process was examined, considering the concepts of gamification education and academic burnout. Finally, the gamification method in architectural design education was tested in line with reducing students’ academic burnout.

Based on the study findings, it can be concluded that gamification education in architectural design effectively reduces academic burnout, increases interest and motivation, and increases student participation in practical activities of the studio. Therefore, it is recommended to use this new educational method to reduce academic burnout and improve architectural design learning.

Before the modern era, cities were built on a scale that did not change the environmental balance significantly. With the expansion of population and the expansion of cities and the conversion of settlements into big cities and metropolises, new conditions have emerged which show that cities today make their own climates. The new climates created in these areas are completely different from their predecessors. In this study, we try to use urban and architectural solutions in the Saadat Abad area of ​​Tehran to reduce energy consumption. Urban and architectural variables including street and sidewalk width, green space and trees, materials, dimensions and directions for openings and energy entry paths, roof, wall width, porch, passive heating control (canopies, curtains and systems) Pore ​​controls). So first, we examined the climate and climate of Tehran and Saadat Abad. Then, model the current status of Saadat Abad using simulated software to evaluate ambient and building temperature. The results of the study showed that improvement of outdoor thermal conditions and bio-closure of residential buildings. Reduction of direct and indirect thermal energy loss through exterior shell of buildings. Upgrading of the exterior shell climatic design knowledge of the building on the southern flank of central Alborz mountain range of Tehran.

Today, creativity is an inseparable and essential part of the architectural design process and lies in it. In the architectural design process, in addition to problem surveying, how solve the problem and find a suitable solution to achieve the desired situation is of great importance.It should be noted In order to solve complex and ambiguous issues in the world of design, with creative methods, inevitably mental processes and data processing in the mind should flow.In this regard, one of the strategies that philosophers emphasize the problem creatively is to develop a condition where designers can change their way of thinking.Thus, the primary purpose of this study is to investigate the nature and effectiveness of the attention diversion period, its role, and its place in the process of creative solutions to the architectural problem. So that we want to know in this research what steps do these mental processes take and during which process are creative solutions for problems formed? and the important point is, what is the type of knowledge in this process? Therefore, in this research, we believe that by examining creative processes presented by thinkers, analyzed the problem solving process that we can benefit from in order to achieve creative answers in facing the architectural problem .Since the main question of this research to be effectiveness Attention deviation period It is founded on the achievement of creative ideas and this period in the bed phase Incubation From creative process it takes place, in order to Achieve The purposes of this research, our focus and our purpose, among the phases that play an essential role in the production of creativity, is to investigate the phase Incubation and its achievement in this process.Because it seems possible by creating attention deviation period and benefit of methods, your thoughts consciously on the way unconscious Placed and in the architectural problem solution process, achieve in the architectural problem creative solution.According to what was said In the first step, explanation of attention diversion period is explained by posing two questions:1-How will it be possible for the designer to reach the incubation period in the problem solution process?2-The type of knowledge the designer in what is the incubation period in the problem creative solution process? It is intended to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of the incubation period in order to in the architectural problem creative solution with the design of two hypotheses:1-Create attention diversion period It is effective in the problem solution process.2-There is a difference between the effectiveness of metaphor and analogy in increasing creativity in design products. The nature of this research is applicable in terms of purpose.The research method is a quasi-experimental intervention, a pre-test-post-test design with a control group.In this way, a comparison is made between the groups exposed to the independent variable (attention diversion period) and the group to which the independent variable has not been applied.The tool used in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire. It is worth mentioning in this research, in order to describe and analyze the data first, some descriptive indicators were reported and according to the research method, the most appropriate test was analysis of covariance. In order to use this test, it is necessary to establish assumptions such as the homogeneity of the slope of the regression line, the normality of the model error, and the homogeneity (equality) of the variance of the model error. Finally, the data were analyzed through the covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc statistical test using SPSS 25.The results of the data covariance analysis between the two experimental and control groups indicate a significant and positive effect of the"attention deviation period" in the creative solution process of the architectural problem (F=205.28 and P=0.0001). Also, to check the difference between the two groups, the results of the Bonferroni test show that; Among the intervention strategies, the metaphor strategy has more effective outcomes than the comparison strategy (p=0.0001 and mean difference=9.61).Based on the research findings on the positive effect of attention deviation period; It seems that this kind of intervention method and its strategies can be used to provide creative answers in the face of the current complex and ambiguous problems of architecture in the field of education as well as the profession of architecture.

Today, perhaps more than ever, we are in disarray in the field of architecture and the city. On the other hand, we cope with buildings that have nothing to do with the history and culture of our country and without cultural, social, and philosophical backgrounds, according to the tastes and welcome of employers and designers, based on foreign examples, in the corners of our cities and views. However, in the field of residential architecture, we see the construction of buildings that are under the rule of the economic view of the city and architecture and to become more profitable, cultural, social, and natural features of its construction completely ignored and regardless of various cultural characteristics The different ethnic groups of Iran, in all the vast and diverse areas of the land of Iran, are made the same and uniform. Undoubtedly, the effect of cultural patterns on human artifacts in lands that are the origin of ancient civilizations and cultures, which have a longer life history, due to during the time and the impact of various historical, social, economic, and natural factors. The plateau of Iran with more than a few thousand years of history in civilization and life in its cultural and natural areas is one of these lands. Because of its inherent nature, the field of architecture has a two-way interaction between architects and people. Explaining cultural methods and examining their weaknesses and strengths is the first step in teaching the basic principles of architecture to the general public, an important hub of control and supervision of proper construction. The purpose of this study is to introduce and evaluate the current performance of cultural methods of basic principles of architecture in Iranian society. This article is applied in a methodological approach, the mixture of quantitative-qualitative. First, they are explained by library studies of architectural principles and methods of cultural indexation, and then the current performance of these methods is expressed with quantitative evidence, in the language of statistics. The statistical population of this study has been chosen from Tehran according to cultural diversity. The results of the research indicate that people are very interested in learning about the importance of architecture, although the current performance of cultural institutions in this field is weak. Public participation is a highly effective method. Visual media and cyberspace are low-cost and high-speed. Paying attention to the public issue and trying to solve it is not possible without public participation. Intellectuals and people of culture must work to raise the level of awareness of the people and the country to develop and excel, and if the level of awareness and culture of the people increases, the people will recognize the issues from each other and will be aware of their rights. It is hoped that the general public will become more aware of the basic principles of architecture and that the public, as one of the most influential nuclei, will require builders and architects to adhere more closely to the principles of architecture.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of educational games in the main courses of architecture (architectural design) in undergraduate studies, on the level of mental perception and promotion of the learning process.Architectural colleges specifically use workshops as the main teaching tool. Conceptually, the workshop is a process of learning through practice, in which students are exposed to solving a series of design problems. Therefore, finding new educational solutions in studios is considered that can improve the process of learning.The current research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of data collection and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection, which was conducted experimentally with pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was students of two architectural designs of the first semester of the 99-98 academic year of the Islamic Azad University, Parand Branch, sixty of whom were randomly selected to participate in this study and were tested and controlled in two groups of thirty. The case group was trained in a playful way. Strop test was used to collect data, the content validity of which was confirmed by experts . The reliability of time and error were examined and both sections were obtained at the appropriate and acceptable level . Data collected from the test were organized in the form of statistical tables and SPSS.22 software was used for statistical analysis of the obtained data.Since the speed of brain function and accuracy of the students in the case group at the end of the study was significantly different from the control group it can be concluded that serious games in the main courses of architecture have been effective in increasing the perception and promotion of learning , so this study suggests using this method in architectural design courses.

this study is designed to investigate the impact of micro climatic factors on optimizing energy consumption in Tehran urban buildings. The present study is of applied purpose and analytical method. Libraries and documents were used to collect the required data. Design Builder software was used to achieve the purpose of the research. The information given to the software is the thickness of the walls: exterior 20 cm - internal 15 cm, south windows (double shell balcony with 40% glass), northern windows 30%, brick exterior walls with natural ventilation were used. The results of this study showed that the orientation of the building on the site due to Tehran climate and the results obtained from Ecotect software was rotated about 25 degrees to the southwest to prevent direct sunlight from the east and west. And reduce the heat loads on the building. The volume of the building was designed in a stepped fashion, and while it could aesthetically enhance its strength, it could reduce the wind load on the upper floors. Green roofs were also designed on the exposed roofs, and according to the results of the analysis, the green roof can be very effective in reducing heating and cooling loads. The eastern and western fronts were also considered to be non-popping because of the results obtained in Design Builder software for daylight, which may result in dazzling workspaces such as kitchens sometimes day in the year.

Apprehension of the fundamental and noble notions of art, can lead to a better understanding of practical arts such as architecture, the- atre and cinema and their similarities. Architecture, theater and cin- ema, apart from their practical aspect, which creates the environ - ment, in the process of comprehending the space, all three share the same three principals which are interwoven together by architects and directors. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach is studying the generality of this similitude and the ability to use this similarity in practical arts. Using the virtues of wisdom and experience are two important factors in this research, which can simultaneously use both divisions alongside each other. Architec- ture, cinema and theatre can be mediums to present ideas, and these ideas can be common between different Medias and different fields. Indeed architecture, theatre and cinema are composed of the same main elements such as stage, space, light, movement, and perspec- tive. Architects, directors of theatre and movies are continuous - ly trying to communicate associative concepts in order to narrate ideas and complex concepts in a symbolic environment. Indeed the art of architecture in theatre and cinema represents itself as the factor creating balance and harmony in the shape of images and composition of stage in which special and temporal properties of the space, color, lights, shadows and shades have different effects on spectators. Visual perspectives in the background of a movie have an important role in creating the ideas of the director and the producer of the movie. Actually, directors create the environment and temper of the space and characters by using architecture by the mean of concepts and visual perspective. Identification of these interactions and their effect can be of great help to the artists in cre- ating their artistic product and create an appropriate understanding .of environment and space required for each category

The main objective of this study was to examine impact of recreational-sport centers in converting Karaj City in Iran to a self-sufficient town with social sustainable approach. This was a quantitative study. In addition, this was an applied research in terms of objective and a descriptive study in terms of nature and type. Since the research subject was specialty, questionnaire was used and to collect and codify literature related to the topic and research background, library and note-taking methods were employed. Statistical population of study comprised all of indi-viduals (youth club) living in Karaj; Cochrane formula was used to measure sample size (n=384). Ultimately, questionnaires were distributed among individuals then the data collected from ques-tionnaires were analyzed through SPSS Software. To determine validity of questionnaires, content validity ration (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used. To determine reliability of questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was employed. Research results demonstrate that investing in recreational and sport activities in Karaj improved status of basic needs, social resources, equal opportunities, participation, cultural needs and continuum leading to progress and self-sufficiency of Karaj.

In accordance to the adaptation of architectural styles to the specific climatic conditions of the desert regions has led to the formation of an architectural style tailored to the needs of these areas. Understanding the coordination mechanisms of the technique, materials and environment and its intended application in understanding the concept of aesthetics and the performance of traditional buildings in the Iranian desert cities has attracted the attention of local and foreign researchers. In general, the concept of sustainability formed as a result of human awareness of environmental issues and socio-economic and cultural problems can be seen in desert architecture. One of the most important goals of sustainable development is to preserve nature and to alter the overall outlook towards it; furthermore, it is also sought to promote sustainable development in the built environment termed as sustainable architecture. Hence, the aim of this article is to understand climate adaptation and the environment response of traditional Iranian structures in the unique climate conditions of the desert. In this regard, this paper with a descriptive and analytic methods expresses this hypothesis that there seems to be a reliable and unique association between technique, structuring materials and environment with traditional Iranian structures built in desert areas. In order to prove the research hypothesis, first a descriptive and eloquent definition of the concept of sustainability in the structures and synergies created in the desert ecosystem and architecture is presented and then, the spatial features of a native desert architecture model after climate adaptation are described. Finally, it has been proven that the special features of architecture in desert areas have led to the emergence of beautiful traditional buildings appropriate to the climate of this resort.