مهندس فاطمه یاوری

The present study was conducted investigating the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions - Second Edition (BRIEF-2) in students with externalizing behavior problems. The method was based on correlation research. The statistical population consisted of all male students with behavioral problems between the ages 7 and 12 in East Azarbayejan province who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022. To select the sample, first, students with externalizing behavior problems were identified. Then their parents completed the parent form of Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions - Second Edition (BRIEF-2) and Coolidge's Neuropsychological Questionnaire (2002). The data was analyzed with 599 people. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, and criterion validity were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the behavioral rating inventory of executive functions - second edition (BRIEF-2) has good reliability and validity. Therefore, this scale can be used to evaluate executive functions in students with externalizing behavior problems.

Treatment of root-treated teeth depends largely on proper restoration. Direct restorations are a better choice if there is sufficient residual tissue. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of dental students in School of Dentistry in Yazd City about the taught factors of direct restoration of endodontically treated teeth.

In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the knowledge of 67 dental students of School of Dentistry in Yazd City about the taught factors of direct restoration of root-treated teeth was studied using a valid and reliable questionnaire containing demographic characteristics (age and gender) and 28 knowledge questions. After collecting the data, using SPSS version 16 software, they were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test, T test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

36 (53.7%) female students and 31 (46.3%) male students with an average age of 25 ± 3.14 participated in this study. The average awareness score was 32.74 ± 9.65. The average knowledge score of female students (35.30±10.27) was higher than that of male students (31.95±8.70), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.156). In the age group under 25, the average score of awareness (34.78 ± 9.94) was higher than the average above 25 (30.43 ± 8.1). There was an inverse and significant relationship between knowledge score and age, r=-0.242 and P 0.049.

The average knowledge score of dental students regarding the taught factors of direct restoration of endodontically treated teeth was good. Gender did not have a significant effect on the knowledge of students, and the knowledge of students under 25 years old was higher than ones over 25 years old.

The Blended learning approach refers to the combination of the traditional teaching methods in the form of face-to-face with equipment based on the application of technology.The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of philosophy for children program based on Blended learning approach on critical thinking of second elementary students.A quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design with a control group was used. The statistical population included all female students in the second period of elementary school who were studying in one of the public schools in Tehran in the academic year 1401-1400. Using multi-stage cluster sampling was selected region 14, then Abuzarghafari girls' primary school was selected and 40 people were selected from the statistical population and randomly assigned to the experimental group (20 people) and the control group (2 people). Data collection tool was Watson and Glasser (1994) Critical Thinking Questionnaire. The experimental group underwent educational intervention in 11 sessions and the control group did not receive this intervention. In the online part were used the model platform and in the offline part were used multimedia and educational animations.In order to analyze the data were used statistical methods in Two levels of descriptive (central and dispersion indices) and inferential (analysis of covariance).The results showed that after adjusting the pre-test scores, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the variables of critical thinking (P <0.05). Findings showed that the implementation of philosophy for children program based on Blended learning approach had the greatest effect on the component of identifying assumptions, then the component of inference and then the component of evaluating reasons and the component of inference and the least effect on the component of interpretation.Implementing a philosophy for children program based on Blended learning approach can be used as an appropriate intervention tool to improve the critical thinking components of elementary school students.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sports activities with music on the attention of educable students with intellectual disabilities in Yazd.

For this purpose, 40 mentally retarded girls with IQ of 50-70 were selected by selective sampling from Kosar exceptional school in Yazd and based on pre-test scores were homogeneously divided into four experimental and control groups. They included music, exercise, exercise with music, and control. The selected program was for 45 weeks and 1 session per week for 45 minutes with music for the subjects. At the end of the course, post-test was performed again in all four groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and intra-group changes of dependent t-test and extra-group changes as post-test and pre-test of one-way analysis of variance.

The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that the attention score among the groups before the test was insignificant (P = 0.634) and after the test was significant (P = 0.0001). The mean changes in the attention score in the post-test stage The test was significantly increased compared to the pre-test in the groups of sports, music, sports + music.

According to the results of the present study, it seems that sports and music activities have a positive effect on improving attention in children with mental disabilities.

Sustainable development through minimizing the negative externalities on the environment is one of the important topics of economic research in recent decades. The emission of carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels in diverse sectors of the economy, which include industries, power stations, transportation, and even the household sector, as one of the externalities of human activities today, is known to be the cause of environmental destruction. This paper analyzes elements which affect the emission of carbon dioxide in MENA region countries, during 2004 to 2020 by expanding the spatial Green Solow model and using the dynamic spatial panel model (DSM). The results of the estimates imply that population growth, urbanization growth, the share of industry in the GDP and the degree of trade openness have a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. However, no significant relationship was discovered between the two variables of democracy and physical investment with carbon dioxide emissions in the goal nation. On the other hand, the spatial correlation among sections was confirmed. In addition, the convergence of the factors affecting carbon dioxide emissions was confirmed in the investigation period, which means that nations have tried to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the duration.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of sports activities with music on the behavioral problems of educable mentally retarded female students.40 intellectually disabled girls with an IQ of 50-70 were selected by selective sampling from Kausar Exceptional School in Yazd, and based on the pre-test scores, they were homogenously divided into four experimental and control groups. The groups included music, Exercise, exercise with music and control. Subjects were evaluated using Michael Rutter's behavioral problems test as pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software and intra-group changes from dependent t and out-group changes as post-test and pre-test from one-way analysis of variance test. Findings of one-way analysis of variance showed that the score of behavioral problems among the groups was non-significant and significant after the test. The average changes in the score of behavioral problems in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test in the sports, music, sports + music groups were significantly reduced. According to the results of this research.

The experience of mourning leads to many emotions in people. As a result, learning emotion regulation strategies affects the experience of bereavement in bereaved people and is a kind of moderator of the experience of bereavement. People use strategies called emotion regulation to change emotional triggers, situations of emotional experience, amount and intensity, duration and way of experiencing emotion internally or externally. In the cognitive strategies of emotion regulation, the focus is on thoughts and cognition in anxiety management. Using emotion regulation strategies in any form and manner has an important role in all periods of life. Effective emotion regulation strategies are related to high self-confidence, positive emotions, how to deal with various types of stress and more constructive social and personal interactions. People with the ability to regulate emotions are able to control their impulses, feeling sad and hopeless, anxiety, adapting to problems and accepting themselves and the conditions, which leads to reducing psychological damage in them. Therefore, strengthening and learning these strategies in people, especially teenagers, is effective and one of the necessary skills to manage the bereavement experience. Considering the importance of variables of coping styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the experience of normal bereavement and exit from the experience of abnormal bereavement, it is necessary and necessary to use appropriate therapeutic approaches to promote them. One of the therapeutic approaches that has received much attention in recent years is schema therapy. In cognitive psychology, schema is defined as an organized pattern of thinking and behavior and as a mental framework of pre-formed ideas. In the form of a schema, a person perceives the world and the world around him and organizes his new information. These strongly affect our thoughts and emotions, and if they are ineffective, they can cause emotional problems. In schema therapy, attempts are made to adjust these schemas using various experimental, behavioral and cognitive techniques to reduce the invocation of incompatible emotions. Some researchers say that in abnormal grief as a chronic problem and coexisting with other disorders, one should focus on schemas and consider targeting schemas as an effective factor in treatment. Schema therapy is designed as a cognitive-behavioral therapy targeting maladaptive schemas with the aim of treating long-lasting and chronic disorders. Therefore, it can be effective as an efficient method to help experience normal mourning and go through the natural period of mourning. The review of these studies shows that despite the importance of the role of dysfunctional schemas in abnormal grief and ineffective emotional regulation strategies, these two therapeutic methods have been used very little with the aim of intervention in abnormal grief, and these interventions have been very few in relation to abnormal grief in adolescents. Is. In addition to this, there was no research on intervention in abnormal grief caused by Corona, and the researches were only limited to investigating the symptoms of grief caused by Corona, screening tools in this regard, and people's lived experiences in this regard. Therefore, applying schema therapy and checking its effectiveness can be a way to find the most effective treatment methods for teenagers with bereavement caused by Corona. Meanwhile, few studies have investigated this method of treatment for grief, especially grief caused by corona in teenagers. Based on this, the question of the current research is whether schema therapy is effective on coping styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies of students with abnormal grief caused by Corona?

In this research, the statistical population was first and second high school students with grief disorder caused by Corona in Yazd city in 2021 and 2022. The sample included 30 people (15 people in the experimental group with schema therapy method, 15 people in the control group) who were selected purposefully. The tools of the current research included the stress coping strategies questionnaire (Andler and Parker, 1999) and the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (Granfsky and Kraich, 2001). Schema therapy intervention based on Yang's schema therapy was implemented in 10 consecutive one-hour sessions on the experimental group. No intervention was done on the control group. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that schema therapy was effective on positive and negative emotional regulation strategies and emotion-oriented and avoidant coping style in the sample group.

According to the present finding, it is necessary to use this treatment method to reduce the injuries and symptoms of abnormal grief by focusing on emotional regulation strategies and coping style of people. One of the limitations of the present study is that only the effectiveness of schema therapy in teenagers with abnormal grief caused by Corona has been investigated, and its generalization to other societies should be done with caution. Also, there is no exact assurance of the absence of coexistence with other disorders, which also affects the generalizability. Researches with a follow-up period can provide more complete findings related to the effectiveness of schema therapy.

Background &

The experience of mourning leads to many emotions in people. As a result, learning emotion regulation strategies affects the experience of bereavement in bereaved people and is a kind of moderator of the experience of bereavement. People use strategies called emotion regulation to change emotional triggers, situations of emotional experience, amount and intensity, duration, and way of experiencing emotion internally or externally. In the cognitive strategies of emotion regulation, the focus is on thoughts and cognition in anxiety management. Using emotion regulation strategies in any form and manner has an important role in all periods of life. Effective emotion regulation strategies are related to high self-confidence, positive emotions, how to deal with various types of stress, and more constructive social and personal interactions. People with the ability to regulate emotions can control their impulses, feeling sad and hopeless, anxiety, adapt to problems, and accept themselves and the conditions, which leads to reducing psychological damage. Therefore, strengthening and learning these strategies in people, especially teenagers, is effective and one of the necessary skills to manage the bereavement experience. Considering the importance of variables of coping styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the experience of normal bereavement and exit from the experience of abnormal bereavement, it is necessary and necessary to use appropriate therapeutic approaches to promote them. One of the therapeutic approaches that has received much attention in recent years is schema therapy. In cognitive psychology, schema is defined as an organized pattern of thinking and behavior and as a mental framework of pre-formed ideas. In the form of a schema, a person perceives the world and the world around him and organizes his new information. These strongly affect our thoughts and emotions, and if they are ineffective, they can cause emotional problems. In schema therapy, attempts are made to adjust these schemas using various experimental, behavioral, and cognitive techniques to reduce the invocation of incompatible emotions. Some researchers say that abnormal grief is a chronic problem and coexisting with other disorders, one should focus on schemas and consider targeting schemas as an effective factor in treatment. Schema therapy is designed as a cognitive-behavioral therapy targeting maladaptive schemas to treat long-lasting and chronic disorders. Therefore, it can be effective as an efficient method to help experience normal mourning and go through the natural period of mourning. The review of these studies shows that despite the importance of the role of dysfunctional schemas in abnormal grief and ineffective emotional regulation strategies, these two therapeutic methods have been used very little with the aim of intervention in abnormal grief, and these interventions have been very few about abnormal grief in adolescents. Is. In addition to this, there was no research on intervention in abnormal grief caused by Corona, and the researches were only limited to investigating the symptoms of grief caused by Corona, screening tools in this regard, and people's lived experiences in this regard. Therefore, applying schema therapy and checking its effectiveness can be a way to find the most effective treatment methods for teenagers with bereavement caused by Corona. Meanwhile, few studies have investigated this method of treatment for grief, especially grief caused by corona in teenagers. Based on this, the question of the current research is whether schema therapy is effective in coping styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies of students with abnormal grief caused by Corona.

In this research, the statistical population was first and second high school students with grief disorder caused by Corona in Yazd city in 2021 and 2022. The sample included 30 people (15 people in the experimental group with the schema therapy method, and 15 people in the control group) who were selected purposefully. The tools of the current research included the stress coping strategies questionnaire (Andler and Parker, 1999) and the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (Granfsky and Kraich, 2001). Schema therapy intervention based on Yang's schema therapy was implemented in 10 consecutive one-hour sessions in the experimental group. No intervention was done in the control group. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that schema therapy was effective in positive and negative emotional regulation strategies and emotion-oriented and avoidant coping styles in the sample group.

According to the present finding, it is necessary to use this treatment method to reduce the injuries and symptoms of abnormal grief by focusing on emotional regulation strategies and coping styles of people. One of the limitations of the present study is that only the effectiveness of schema therapy in teenagers with abnormal grief caused by Corona has been investigated, and its generalization to other societies should be done with caution. Also, there is no exact assurance of the absence of coexistence with other disorders, which also affects the generalizability. Research with a follow-up period can provide more complete findings related to the effectiveness of schema therapy.

global warming and the greenhouse effect caused by the release of atmospheric pollutants and the subsequent threat to life on the planet have become one of the most important challenges facing governments and their economic decision makers. Emission of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels in industries plays a significant role in this pollution. Furthermore , in the countries that have sheltered the worn-out industries of the developed countries, the emission of carbon dioxide gas caused by the fuels used in the industry, inappropriate industrial infrastructure and high energy consumption are the main reasons that endanger the environmental conditions of these countries
this study has examined the effect of exchanges resulting from trade openness on carbon dioxide emissions in MENA countries during the period from 2004 to 2020. Meanwhile, by using spatial econometric techniques, it has paid attention to the mutual effect of countries on each other in the process of producing carbon dioxide gas. The results indicate the confirmation of the effect of spatial proximity and the positive effect of the degree of commercial openness on the emission of carbon dioxide in the studied countries.

Abstract                                                   The characteristics and traits of parents play an important role in the emotional socialization of their children, so the purpose of this research was to investigate the role of parents' character strengths in explaining the emotional socialization styles concerning the mediator role of emotion regulation. The research method is a descriptive correlation. The statistical population was the parents of primary school students in Yazd in the academic year ‎2020-2021. The sample size was 300 people and they were selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method, and finally, 286 people completed the questionnaires. Research measurements included the Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Brief Strength Test (BST). SPSS23 and PLS-SEM3 software was used for data analysis. The results showed that parents' character strengths do not explain supportive CCNE (β=0.18, p=0.16), but negatively explain non-supportive CCNE (β=-0.57, p=0.001). character strengths are a positive explainer of emotion regulation (β=0.55, p=0.001). The findings showed that emotion regulation does not explain supportive CCNE (β = -0.09, p = 0.59) and non-supportive CCNE (β = -0.07, p = 0.73). The indirect effects of parents' character strengths on supportive and non-supportive CCNE due to the mediating role of emotional regulation are not significant. In general, it can be said that the character strengths that constitute human virtues can lead to an increase in emotional regulation in parents and, on the other hand, lead to a decrease in non-supportive CCNE in parents.

An abnormal mourning has many effects on adolescents that will increase their psychological problems in the future. Corona's mourning also increases its complexity and requires intervention. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the treatment based on emotion regulation and schema therapy on student counteract styles with Corona mourning disorder. In this study, the statistical population of the first and second high school students with the mourning disorder of the Corona in Yazd in the year 2 and 1401. The sample also included 3 people (3 people with excitement -based testing, 2 with schema therapy, 2 control group) who were targeted. The present research tool was also a questionnaire for stress -against strategies (Andler & Parker, 1). The research design was semi -experimental and the sample group was randomly included in the therapy based on emotion regulation and schema therapy. Planning therapy intervention based on Yang's schema therapy was implemented on the first experimental group during 1 consecutive hour session. Emotion -based adjustment -based intervention therapy also consisted of three excitement -based intervention sessions based on the Grass model, which was implemented on the second experimental group during the 90 -minute sessions over a period of six consecutive weeks. Multivariate covariance analysis and benfronian prolonged test were used for data analysis. The findings have shown that both therapeutic treatment and schema therapy therapy is effective in the sample -oriented type of emotion -oriented coping style and the effectiveness rate is not significantly different. Also, both therapeutic approaches were not effective on the problem -oriented orbit style. Therefore, it is necessary to use these therapies to reduce the damage and mourning syndrome with a focus on the style of coping

In recent years population rejuvenation policies in Iran have been considered; But there are two different perspectives on the impact of this policies; Some have blamed rising youth unemployment for rising labor imbalances and others believe that because young people have more mobility to find a suitable jobs, it results into companies' job opportunities increasing to attract young people. Therefore in this study, with the aim of "examining the effect of cohort size on the employment rate in Iran" and using the secondary analysis method, a statistical population that includes people of working age by age groups (15-19 ..., 64-60 years) during the period of 1350-1395 in the country; Data analysis technique; And by controlling the independent economic, demographic and socio-cultural variables, we seek to answer the question of whether the employment of that generation will decrease with the increase of the population of one generation or not. The findings show that after controlling for variables, not only is there no inverse relationship between population and generational employment; Rather, there is no direct and strong relationship between the age groups of 35-39 years, 40-44 years, 55-59 years and 64-60 years, and no significant relationship is observed in other age groups.

Parents’ challenges in care of the children with special health care needs expose them to a high risk of developing psychological symptoms, such as increased anxiety and worry. This study aimed to investigate the effect of integrated monotheistic therapy (MIT) on the mental health of mothers of children with special needs (physical illnesses) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

From this statistical population, using convenience sampling method, 60 mothers with severely physically ill children were selected who after testing as a pre-test and 30 people were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. A mental health questionnaire was used. Then, the treatment sessions were held in 8 sessions of 120 minutes by observing the health protocol for the subjects in the experimental group. Then, the data were collected and analyzed by SPSS statistical software using analysis of covariance.

The results show that after controlling the pre-test scores, the effect of the group on the post-test scores of mental health was significant (p <0.001, F = 3.31). In other words, there was a significant difference between the subjects of the experimental and control groups in the mean scores of mental health in the post-test stage.

It can be concluded that MIT treatment has an effect on the mental health of mothers of children with special needs (physical illnesses) during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as special conditions where stress and inflammation are on this sensitive and vulnerable group.

The cultivation of edible mushrooms is expanding rapidly due to its nutritional and medicinal values as well as its economic benefits. However, lack of knowledge and principled management may cause many problems for producers or even bring them closer to the bankruptcy brink. The first step to improve the efficiency of units is finding an appropriate method to measure it. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the methods that is widely used to evaluate the relative efficiency of a homogenous set of DMUs. Despite the many advantages of this model, the high sensitivity of DEA to even a small change in the data reduces the validity of its results. In fact the conventional DEA assumes that input and output data are without any deviation. However, the observed values of the input and output data in real-life problems are sometimes imprecise or vague. So In this paper, to deal with uncertainty in data the linear robust optimization framework of Bertsimas and Sim (2004) was used to compare technical efficiency of Iranian mushroom-producing provinces and determine the optimum use of inputs.
According to the purpose of this study, a robust data envelopment analysis (RDEA) model with imprecise inputs and outputs was used. The method is based on the robust optimization approach of Bertsimas and Sim (2004) which with the introduction of the conservative parameter (Γ) for each constraint, adjusts robustness in an optimisation model against the level of conservatism of the solution. The value of Γ is dependent on the maximum probability of constraint violation (p) and numbers of uncertain data in every constraint (n). So this RDEA model allows adjustment of level of robustness of the solution to trade-off between protection against constraint violation and conservatism of efficiency scores. In order to estimate the models, the GAMS software was used and related data was gathered from Statistical Center of Iran.
In this paper to distinguish the causes of technical inefficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency were measured. According to the results of this model, at all levels of P, the pure technical efficiency was higher than the scale efficiency and technical efficiency, and its value was higher than 98% in all cases. This indicates that mushroom producers have a high level of knowledge and skills in this field and shows that the cause of low technical efficiency of the producers is their non-optimal scale. In addition, according to the results of both RDEA and DEA models, the most important input that has caused the inefficiency of the units is the "seed cost" input and with optimal use of this input, the cost of that can be reduced by about 70% (in ε=0.1 and P=1). Another result of this study is that with the reduction of the Probability of constraint violation, the rate of technical efficiency has decreased. For example in ε=0.1, if P is reclined from 1 (no protection against uncertainty) to 0.8 and 0.1, the average technical efficiency is reduced from 93% to 89% and 85% respectively. Also when ε is increased from 10 to 20 and 30 percent (in P=0.1) the average technical efficiency is reduced from 85 to 83 and 82 percent. On the contrary by reducing P, the percentages of reduction compare to the actual value is increased. For instance by reducing P from 1 to 0.8 and 0.1 the percentages of reduction of "seed cost" are decreased from 70% to 78% and 80% respectively. This results highlights the importance of using RDEA models to more conformity of the results to the real world.
Based on the results the low technical efficiency of the producers is because of their non-optimal scale. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the optimal size unit for those who want to enter this activity. On the other hand, the policymakers should improve access to facilities so the small units could enlarge their unit if it's necessary. Also considering the experience of successful mushroom farms, self-reliance in production of mushroom seeds can greatly reduce inefficiency of the units. Eventually considering that the level of uncertainty has a great impact on the efficiency results and the optimal level of inputs, future researches on the appropriate level of uncertainty according to the real conditions of production can improve the results of the RDEA model.

Non-certainty is a prominent feature of real world issues. Since the change in the input data, though small, can dramatically change the results of the DEA models, applying ways to deal with non-certainty is an inevitable aspect of the use of these models. Therefore, in this research, the combination of robust optimization with Data Envelopment Analysis was used to study the technical efficiency of broiler farms with the capacity of over 30,000 broilers in Sari city. The results of Robust Data Envelopment Analysis model indicate that in the given uncertainty level (ε=0.1), as the level of conservatism increases from 0 to 8, the average of efficiency scores decreases from 96 to 93 percent and the number of efficient farms decrease from 23 to 18 farms. In addition, the greatest difference between the amount of optimal and actual consumption of inputs belongs to the cost of taking drugs and vaccines. Given that the largest part of drugs and vaccines costs are spent when a disease spreads, Applying appropriate policies to prevent the spread of epidemic diseases such as choosing healthy broilers in the same age, using proper nutrition, providing comfortable aviary, choosing proper density of broilers, dissolving the carcasses of ill broilers, using disinfectants properly and also using experts to determine the appropriate time and amount of drugs and vaccines can greatly help to enhance the efficiency of inefficient farms.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Emotionally Focused -Meta Cognitive Couple Therapy on controlling behavior and marital intimacy of couples with hyperactive children.

The research method was quasiexperimental. Among couples with inactive children in Isfahan, 45 couples were purposefully selected and assigned to research groups. Three groups responded to the Family Assessment Questionnaire (FAD-1983) and the Marital Intimacy Needs Questionnaire (1997). The MindfulnessBased Cognitive Therapy group underwent eight sessions and the Emotionally Focused -Meta Cognitive Couple Therapy underwent fifteen sessions and the control group received no treatment.

The results showed that in the family behavior control variable only Emotionally Focused -Meta Cognitive Couple Therapy (p<0.01) and in the marital intimacy variable, Emotionally Focused -Meta Cognitive Couple Therapy (p<0.01) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (p<0.05) were significantly different from the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups.

It is suggested that emotionalmetacognitive couple therapy be used to promote control of family behavior and this treatment along with mindfulnessbased cognition therapy to promote marital intimacy by therapists of couples with inactive children.

Hyperactivity of children can cause problems for couples and threaten their mental health. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotionally focused-meta cognitive couple therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on psychological capital among couples with hyperactive children. The research method was semi-experimental, and research design was three groups with two stages (pre-test and post-test). Among couples with hyperactive children in primary school in Isfahan, in the summer and autumn of 2018, 45 couples were selected purposefully and divided into three groups (two experimental and one control group) and each group was 15 pairs. "Psychological Capital Questionnaire" was used in the pre-test and post-test phases to measure the dependent variable. The emotionally focused-meta cognitive couple therapy group for 15 sessions and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for 10 sessions was treated and the control group did not receive any treatment. In the post-test, after eliminating the effect of pre-test, there was a significant difference between the emotionally focused-meta cognitive couple therapy, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group with the control group in all four components of self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism (P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of two groups of therapy” in improving self-efficacy, hope, resiliency and optimism (P<0.05). Two interventions emotionally focused-meta cognitive couple therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group on the improvement of all four components of self-efficacy, hope, vitality and optimism in couples with over-active children have enduring effects. Therefore, it is recommended to organize workshops to provide two interventions for couples with hyperactive children.

 

Tactile sensing plays an important role in our understanding of the environment. Mechanical arms, robots, and nerve prostheses perform better, if they have the sense of touch. Microneurography studies in humans have shown that primary afferent neurons (e.g. fingertip mechanoreceptors play an important role in encoding and separability with various types of stimuli using spike train patterns.

We developed an experimental set up to simulate the responses of Merkel mechanoreceptors to force stimulation, with considering account receptor spiking behavior. Indeed, we used sensor data and spiking properties of Merkel mechanoreceptors to discriminate force. The analog tactile signals generated from sensor were fed as input to the Izhikevich neurons in order to obtain spike trains. The features of Spike trains were extracted with rate coding and timing coding. The desired features were assigned to the k-nearest neighbors (kNN), and support vector machine (SVM) to classify the types of forces. Findings: The highest classification accuracy achieved 100% with rate coding, 81.18% with inter-spike interval coefficient of variation (ISI CV), and 82% with victor-purpura distance (VPd). From the spike trains evoked during contact, we computed the information that rate and timing codes carried about applied force.

Rate coding carried more force information than spike timing for Merkel mechanoreceptors. Moreover, as the force increased, firing rate also increased

This article analyzes the cohesion and correlation at Manoochehri’s Divan with approach of reduplicated words, employing Halliday and Hassan’s theory (1985) in functionalist linguistics, in order to indicate how the verses of this Divan verify the semantic relation of the cohesive chains. According to this theory, the cohesion is the relations within the elements construct the text. Not only getting the elements of cohesion of text can’t make the text cohesive, but after inserting the elements, it is necessary to evaluate the correlation of the considered text based on the cohesive harmony. It was cleared that Manoochehri’s verses possess high cohesion and correlation. Using the scientific principles of this theory, it can be determined the degree of cohesion and correlation of Manoochehri’s verses quantitatively. Of 456 cohesive nodes in this article in the words with total 41.4% cohesive nodes, the element has had the highest cohesion 26.1% in the verses , coming together word 7.4%, semantic contrast 4.2%, synonym 2% and hyponym 1.7 & the lowest respectively.In grammatical cohesion the elements : personal referral and allusion has had 21.7%, conjunctions 15.8%, omission 14.9% , measurement referral 4% and substitution 2.2% of cohesive node coming in the text. The tables are given.

This paper analyzes how the texture of the literary work and its elements such as word repetition, types of harmony, imagery, metaphor, pause, and stress create the dramatic, heroic, happy or sad tones in Ghazals of Shams. Tone has an interaction with the affective aspect of the work. In Russian Formalism, extra regularity is considered as a device of defamiliarization that highlights the literary text and in Ghazals of Shams leads to harmony. Augmentation principle in Ghazals of Shams is the result of phonetics, syllable, word and syntax repetitions manifesting the harmony and presenting innovation and tone. Artistic techniques in Molavi’s ghazals result in innovation in structure and form of ghazals giving identity to this literary masterpiece through defamiliarization, deviation, and abstract metaphors.

Consent position is to release from temporal determinations, Gnostics’ witnesses and explorations and the result is God’s consent of his servant that is resulted in accessing the pure life and the gnostic enters to “Near God” world where is the real life in God’s presence. The requirement to reach the laudable (Mahmud) position is God’s way position that is the prophet’s (peace upon him) great intercession. Coherence and semantic correlations of text verses with manifestation of mystical reduplicated words have caused the exalted concepts come to appearance. In Gnostics’ dreams, there is always an open door to invisible world that the brilliant part is obtained through meditation. Mystical verses are the limpid headsprings of the ultra-thoughts that the consent (Reza) position can be obtained by passing it and recognizing the Islamic mysticism is guided. Zaum(Shaum) with superiority over the poetry music instead of semantic undertakes the unmatched role-playing in mysticism.

Art and literature are the most important evidence of human‟s civilization and culture that have unbreakable bond with deep layers of unconsciousness. Archetypes base on Jung‟s theory are the images, patterns and symbols that rise out of the collective unconscious and have left the similar and common concepts in human‟s unconscious in myths and cultures over the time. In Golshane Raz, the archetypes rise out of the collective unconscious. The archetypes in the Islamic theosophy is the standing property. The archetype in this ancient couplet-poems (Mathnavi) is interpreted as the archetypes: sun, sea (water), fire, mirror and journey. Jung's archetype in Islamic mysticism, permanent archetype is called. The concrete and abstract ideas in Golshane Raz is originated of Qurans and hadiths. Analyzing the mystical symbols was an opportunity that the gnostic poet manifests his education treasure. In Golshane Raz in addition to the key role of symbols, the salient portion of deviation and defamiliarization is effective in more highlighting the verses. In some couplet-poems, the symbols are replaced with the reality. The similarity of eastern and western symbols in concepts are ambiguous. The gnostic points to some part of reality with paraphrase and interpretation in this couplet-poem(Mathnavi).

Southeastern Iran is one of the earliest centers of archaeometallurgy in Southwestern Asia. Due to archaeological investigations many important documents were discovered in ancient sites such as Tal-i- Iblis, Tepe Yahya, Shahdad and Shahr-e-Sokhteh. There are many ancient mining evidences and slag heaps of ore smelting all the southeastern region over. Besides gathering many data of early urbanization by recent archaeological researches in Jiroft Plain south of Kerman province, the ancient metallurgical evidences and metal objects were discovered. Many ores especially copper and slags of smelting were identified in the region and reported on the basis of archeological and geological surveys. A set of objects were gathered by illegal diggings in a region named Mil-e- Farhad in the southeast of Jiroft. There are some metal objects among them. One metal pin and two needles were chosen and examined by laboratories analyses were argued in this paper. On the basis of archaeological excavations of some sites in this region and corresponding with types gathered from scientific diggings, these objects are belonging to Bronze Age –Late 4th/Early 3rd millennium B.C.-. Examination of metallugraphic analysis, was determined the method of these three objects production. These were produce by cold hammering and annealing manner. The quantity and quality of the elements of Inclusions, Globules and Impurities of these objects were analyzed by SEM- EDS and ICP- OES. Chemically, the main compositions of the objects are resemble to Bronze Age metallurgy of southeastern Iran; the pin and one of the needles were made of copper- arsenical alloy and another needle was made of pure copper. The other identified elements are included antimony, zinc, tin, lead, iron, strontium, silver, aluminum and some other trace elements. Ore deposites surveys indicate that the quantity and quality of ores elements of Halil-Rud region bear relatively exact resembalanse of these objects compositions. We could assay the locality of raw material of the mentioned objects by this elemental adaptation. One of the substantial point of Bronze Age cultures of southeastern Iran including Halil- Rud and Jiroft is the prevalence of inter-regional and inter-cultural styles. In the other word, material parameters of these cultures have beared resembalanse in forms, structures, techniques and chemical compounds regionally and trans-regionally. These similarities are noticeable and eye-worth in the case of bronze needle and pin. We shall able to analysis the cultural interactions between the Bronze Age centers of southeastern Iran with each other and with the contemporary sites of southern and southwestern of Iran, even, Mesopotamia in one hand and Baluchistan and Turkmenistan on the other hand. The high range distribution of the metal pins and needles all the Bronze Age centers of the southwestern Asia indicate that there were complex societies which produced and distributed these objects between each other while they had interactions. So, the analysis of economic, social and political complexities of these societies would be possible. Archaeometallurgy was an industrial chain in which have been groups such as miners, smelters, producers, merchants and consumers. Discovering the old mining evidences and smelting slag heaps, presence of enough water and fuel, gathering of various metal objects, tablets etc. appeal the productive, technical, economical and official mechanisms in the under-studying region.