کامران گنجی

Chronic diseases such as diabetes have a complex origin, slow onset, and unpredictable deterioration and recovery that requires self-care due to the long process. Diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, is one of the major threats to human health in the 21st century. This disease is one of the global problems and the main cause of death and disability. Uncontrolled diabetes often leads to complications such as heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, and amputation. Despite the cost of preventing and controlling diabetes, the number of patients is increasing every day, which seems to be a weakness in the psychological and self-care variables of these patients. Diabetes is at the heart of behavioral issues and psychological factors. And society plays a vital role in its management. Therefore, the study of psychological factors affecting this disease can be effective in controlling it. One of the most important psychological factors associated with diabetes that has been considered by researchers is the meaning of life. The meaning of life deals with the category of purpose or goals of human life in this world. A goal is a location and time that the person or other creature is looking for. Having a goal and using it among people helps them to seek the meaning of life in life. Research shows that there is a significant relationship between low hope and depressive symptoms. One of the effective treatments for people with chronic diseases is self-care. In this treatment, instead of focusing on changing people's self-esteem, people's relationship with their self-esteem changes. Self-improvement exercises emphasize relaxation, calm mind, self-compassion, and mindfulness, which will play an important role in calming the mind, reducing stress and negative spontaneous thoughts. In addition, compassion-focused therapy helps reduce clients' psychological problems by increasing internal awareness, acceptance without judgment, empathy, and constant attention to inner feelings. The effectiveness of this therapeutic approach on improving coping with stressful situations and reducing self-criticism, self-destructive thoughts, and rumination in patients has also been confirmed. Another therapeutic approach used for patients is positivist group therapy. Comparing different therapeutic interventions and finally choosing the best type of intervention based on the research results can be helpful. Among these, according to studies, the therapeutic approaches in the present study, ie positive psychotherapy due to focus on strengths and abilities on the one hand and compassion-focused treatment due to creating a sense of responsibility and self-worth on the other hand, can be effective in the field that for more certainty and to determine a stronger type of intervention in the present study, we seek to compare these interventions. In general, the results of this study can be used both theoretically and practically in medical science health centers, diabetes research centers, doctors, psychiatrists and psychologists, and scientific research centers such as universities.

The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with type 2 diabetes in Bushehr in 1399, from which 45 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly in two experimental areas (15 people in each group) and The control group (15 people) was replaced. One experimental group was taught 8 sessions of the self-compassion therapy program and the second experimental group was taught 6 sessions of positive psychotherapy. The data collection included the meaning of life questionnaires of Steger et al. (2006), Hurts life expectancy (1992), and self-care behaviors of Diabetes Tobert, Hampson, and Glasgow (2000). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test.

The results showed that both self-compassion and positive psychotherapy treatment programs increase the meaning of life, life expectancy, and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0.05).

The results showed that both treatments cause significant changes in the meaning of life, life expectancy, and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes in the post-test and follow-up period and differ in the effectiveness of both. There is no intervention type. In other words, both types of treatment are beneficial for patients with diabetes. The findings will be explained below: The first finding of the study showed that both treatments increased the meaning of life in patients in the experimental groups. In this regard, it can be said that compassion itself has appropriate coping resources that help people to face the negative events of their lives. Self-compassion enhances the ability to interact with others and provides a clearer quality of dealing with emotions. Therefore, it can be said that injured people, by learning new sources of coping, can effectively and efficiently deal with the negative events of their lives and show good adaptation. Self-compassion is one of the most important components of mental health and has capabilities that people can achieve happiness and psychological well-being by learning and performing related skills. The second finding of the study showed that both treatments increased the life expectancy of patients in the experimental group. In the present explanation, it can be stated that although the presence of illness causes major psychological damage to the individual, but in the meantime, self-compassion training can act as a motivating force for the individual. Compassion in itself leads to increased social communication and reduced self-criticism, reduced rumination, reduced thought suppression, anxiety, and stress, as well as psychological balance, all of which play a key role in increasing their life expectancy. Thus, flexibility in thoughts and kindness to oneself causes people to have a realistic judgment about themselves, to analyze their functional shortcomings, and to make appropriate decisions to address them. The third finding of the study also showed that there was a significant difference between the self-care behaviors of patients in the experimental and control groups. In the present explanation, it can be stated that negative ideas and attitudes about themselves are the main part of the change, and through the treatment of compassion, individuals learn to apply new experiences that this It promotes ideas such as alternative and more adaptive burdens; adaptive adaptation to unpleasant events such as chronic illness by focusing on assessing that situation increases patients' ability to make new connections. See ideas, organize information, integrate, and come up with new solutions to problems. In other words, increasing self-compassion leads to more self-care.

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of enhancing visual and auditory memory on the writing disorder of the first students of 8-10 year old boys with mental disabilities. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest with a control group. The population of the study group included 24 students of all first grade students with teachable mental retardation in the exceptional school of District 1 of Tehran, who were studied in the age group of 8 to 10 years. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 25 minutes of reinforcement and the control group did not receive any reinforcement. The instrument of the present study was a researcher-made writing disorder test. The data of this study were used using multivariate analysis of covariance to test the effects of pretest on posttest. The results showed that the strengthening of visual and auditory memory has an effect on the writing disorder of the first students of teachable mental retardation in boys aged 8-10 years.

Marital infidelity is one of the most important factors threatening the performance, stability, and continuity of marital relationships. Marital infidelity refers to any sexual or emotional relationship beyond the framework of a committed relationship between two spouses, and research shows that about one-third of men and a quarter of women are likely to have sex at least once in their lifetime. Engage in extramarital affairs. Hidden relationships outside of marriage cause feelings such as depression, anger, frustration, lack of self-confidence, loss of identity, and feelings of worthlessness in a betrayed spouse. Marital infidelity also causes feelings of doubt, depression, and guilt in the unfaithful spouse. Couples who are treated for marital infidelity are more likely to separate and divorce than couples who present with other problems. Marital infidelity is one of the main reasons that bring couples to family counseling clinics for divorce. Research has shown that the harmful consequences of infidelity can last for a long time and may last forever, unless the couple receives proper treatment. One of the most important changes that can be made in the life of couples with extramarital affairs is to reduce the symptoms of depression and improve their sexual function psychologically, and it seems that the scheme of schema therapy can be effective in this regard. Various cognitive factors are influential in marital incompatibilities. One type of cognition that is important in a marital relationship is maladaptive schemas. Incompatible schemas are structures that are formed based on reality or experience and, as mediators, affect individuals' behavioral responses. Schemas are considered undeniable intellectual structures that are used as a framework for processing experiences. These schemas expand over time and define thoughts and relationships with others. According to Beck, early maladaptive schemas are essentially valid examples of traumatic childhood experiences that gradually become patterns of distorted thoughts and dysfunctional behaviors, and since the beginning of life, they are brought up in a habit and remain unquestioned, often forming human self-conceptions and views of the world. Even when there is evidence that schemas are refuted, many people distort their information to preserve the validity of the schemas. The usefulness of schema therapy in the treatment of severe marital problems and common problems in maintaining intimate relationships between couples has been confirmed. Considering the effectiveness of couple therapy based on the schema model and also the lack of research in Iran to evaluate its effectiveness on women affected by infidelity, in this study we tried to evaluate the effect of couple therapy based on the schema model on depressive symptoms and sexual function in women affected by infidelity in Bushehr should be examined.

This research is in the group of quasi-experimental researches which was approved by Bushehr University of Medical Sciences with ethics code IR.BPUMS.REC.1399.169. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all women affected by infidelity in Bushehr who had been referred to counseling and family therapy centers in Bushehr. The sample consisted of 30 people (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). In the present study, the library method was used to review research sources and the field method was used to collect information. Both groups completed the research tools in the pre-test and post-test stages. Research instruments included Beck and Stear's (1996) Depression Inventory and Rosen et al.'s (2000) Sexual Function Questionnaire.

The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that couple therapy based on the schema model had a significant effect on reducing depressive symptoms and improving sexual function in women affected by infidelity. Based on the effect size coefficient, 71.1% of the variance of the dependent variables of depressive symptoms and sexual function can be explained by the independent variable of couple therapy based on the schema model.

The use of schema-based couple therapy can play an important role in reducing depression and improving sexual function in women affected by infidelity. Schema-based couple therapy is an approach consisting of cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, attachment, and experimental approaches in the form of an integrated treatment model that uses four main cognitive, behavioral, relational, and experimental techniques in individuals in addition to questioning maladaptive schemas. This is the main cause of the formation of dysfunctional and irrational thoughts, emotionally drains the buried negative emotions and emotions and often leads to depression. It has been found that there is a theoretical link between early dysfunctional schemas and depressive symptoms. For example, the perfectionist schemas of emotional inhibition, social isolation, self-development, impairment, and emotional deprivation appear to be associated with depressive disorder. Therefore, recognizing these schemas and changing them has important clinical implications. In fact, by identifying depressive schemas in women affected by infidelity, they can be targeted for treatment, and with therapeutic interventions focused on schemas, they can be changed and corrected. Also, in explaining the effect of schema-based couple therapy on improving the sexual function of women affected by infidelity, it should be noted that in schema therapy, through behavioral techniques, clients are allowed to have intimacy with their lives by sharing memories. Bitter and unfortunate and allow the spouse to approach. Therefore, it can be said that couple therapy based on schema model through cognitive, emotional, and behavioral strategies can correct the schemas of the first people that lead to an increased tendency to marital infidelity and decreased marital satisfaction, and as a result, the person acquires enough power to stop marital infidelity and increase intimacy with the spouse. Therefore, it can be said that the couple therapy effected on depressive symptoms and sexual function in women affected by infidelity. It seems that schema-based couple therapy, by affecting intimacy and marital forgiveness, has a positive effect on increasing couples' sexual intimacy and will improve their sexual function. Although in this study, an attempt was made to reduce the disturbing variables and possible biases by randomly assigning the subjects to the experimental and control groups, but the most important limitation of this study was not to use follow-up. Another limitation was the limitation of the sample to couples referring to the Welfare Counseling Center in Bushehr.

 Marriage is the most important contract in every person's life. People get married for different reasons. In addition to sexuality, which is one of the primary issues, love, economic security, protection, emotional security, feeling of peace and escape from loneliness are some of the factors that lead to the tendency to get married. Many couples start their married life with high intimacy, but over time, this intimacy becomes difficult. Ellis says newlyweds are less likely to think that their love may fade at some point, and that's when boredom begins. In a frustrated marriage, one or both couples, while experiencing feelings of separation from their spouse and diminished interests and relationships, have significant concerns about the increasing destruction of the relationship and the progression to separation and divorce. Marital boredom is a gradual decrease in emotional attachment to the spouse, which is accompanied by feelings of alienation, apathy and indifference between couples to each other and the replacement of negative emotions instead of positive emotions, and as a result, negative emotions take over and lose. Giving initial enthusiasm leads to emotional attachment, commitment, and eventually boredom. Non-marital commitment is one of the effective factors in creating divorce between couples. Because one of the important characteristics of successful and long-term marriages is the existence of marital commitment, in fact, among the various human interactions, commitment is the most important qualitative aspect of a relationship. Adherence to the marriage covenant is also very important as a lasting mechanism and is one of the characteristics of successful and long-term marriages. Today, various approaches to couple therapy and family therapy have been developed with the aim of reducing conflicts and communication disorders between couples. The goal of couple therapy is to help couples cope better with current problems and learn more effective ways to communicate. However, researchers believe that couple therapy requires movement beyond existing therapies. Although meta-analyzes confirm that different treatments for couples' disorder have statistically and clinically significant consequences, other research findings show that a large percentage of couples fail to benefit from them. They eat or get worse some time after the usual treatments. So far, no research has specifically evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention on the components involved in couples' satisfaction with the marital relationship. In addition, the research conducted so far has usually been done on a couple (women or men), which is a generalization. Conflicts data. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this type of treatment on the two components of marital boredom and couples' moral commitment on men and women seeking divorce.

 The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, it is a quasi-experimental in which the pre-test-post-test design with control group and follow-up stage was used. The present study with the code IR.BPUMS.REC.1399.106 was approved by the ethics committee of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all couples seeking divorce in Malayer in 1398. The statistical sample consisted of 30 pairs that were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (15 couples) and control (15 couples) groups. Criteria for entering the study were the complete consent of the couple to participate in the study, as well as the ability to attend regular sessions, not to use psychiatric drugs during treatment, and in the case of psychotherapy or medication, at least 6 months have passed. In addition, at least one year must have passed since their marriage and they have filed for divorce, while the couples participating in the study were matched in the experimental and control groups in terms of age range, level of education and economic status. After identifying the sample group, research tools were provided to both groups and the results were considered as a pretest. In the next stage, the subjects in the experimental group underwent 12 one-hour sessions of emotion therapy intervention (Table 1). In the last step, the research tool was used again as a post-test and finally the collected data were analyzed using multivariate covariance statistical method. Research instruments included Pineas Marital Boredom Questionnaire (2003), Adams and Jones (1997) Moral Commitment Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed at both descriptive and inferential levels. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS-22 software were used to test the research hypotheses.

 In the descriptive findings of the research samples, the mean age of the experimental group was 35.86 ± 4.42 and the control group was 32.60 ± 7.03. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the research variables between the control and experimental groups (P <0.05) and the score of the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up stages was significantly improved.

 The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between marital boredom of experimental and control couples. In other words, emotional therapy reduced the marital boredom of the experimental group. Also, the results of the analysis of research data showed that there was a significant difference between the marital commitment of the experimental and control groups. In other words, emotional therapy led to an increase in marital commitment of the experimental group. Since this research has been done on couples seeking divorce in Malayer city, so caution should be exercised in generalizing the results. Another limitation of the present study was the reliance on data from the self-report questionnaire that in this style of data collection, the participant is likely to have difficulty expressing their emotions and cognitions, so it is suggested to increase statistical power and reliability of the findings to collect information from methods. Use as an interview or qualitative study. The results of the present study can be generalized and applied in different situations by considering the said limitations. It is also recommended that counselors provide reality therapy training courses for couples at risk of divorce. In general, based on the results of the study, it can be stated that emotional therapy is effective on the components of marital boredom and moral commitment in couples seeking divorce, and this type of intervention can be used in counseling and treatment of couples, especially couples with conflict.

Achieving a healthy society depends on the health of families, which is also related to having normal mental health conditions and good communication Between the couples. Marital infidelity is one of the most important factors threatening the performance, stability and continuity of marital relationships. Marital infidelity refers to any sexual or emotional relationship beyond the framework of a committed relationship between two spouses. It is the subject of marital infidelity that causes mood disorders such as depression, post-traumatic stress and dysfunction of couples, which has caused the concern about family mental health and its impact on the growth and performance of children.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-based couple therapy on the depressive symptoms and sexual function in women affected by infidelity. The present study was a quasi-experimental study in which a pretest-posttest design with a control group was assessed by baseline after intervention and 3-month follow-up. A total of 105 women affected by infidelity referred to counseling centers and psychological service clinics of Bushehr Welfare Office in the period from May to September in 1398, taking into account the inclusion criteria, 30 of those who wished to participate in the study (With written consent) were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (emotion-based therapy (n = 15 and control group (n = 15)). The sexual function scale was completed and measured in three stages: The sessions of the mentioned treatments, i.e. the emotion-oriented couple therapy (8 sessions of 2.5 hours) was done in groups. Hypotheses about the effectiveness of research were tested using analysis of variance.

The results of the present study showed that the mean of depression and sexual function in the pre-test stage was not significantly different between the two groups, which indicates the homogeneity of the two groups in the pre-test stage, but there was a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up stages. It could indicate the effectiveness of the intervention on the mentioned variables and the stability of effectiveness in the follow-up phase (P <0.001).

The results of this study showed that the mentioned treatment can be used as a psychological intervention in reducing depression and improving the sexual function of affected women.

Avoidance behaviors increase in women with cancer as they feel more alone. On the other hand, these patients feel more concern about their health and their sleep quality decreases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate avoidance strategies based on general concerns and sleep quality in patients with breast cancer with a mediating role of loneliness.

In this descriptive correlational study, 286 patients with breast cancer referred to public and private centers in Tehran and Alborz provinces were selected to participate in the study. Samples were selected by available sampling methods. Participants then completed the Cancer-Related Loneliness Scale, the General Concern Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Avoidance Strategy. The research data were analyzed using SPSS-23 and LISREL statistical software through confirmatory test, path analysis, and Pearson correlation.

The results showed that cancer-related loneliness and avoidance strategy had a significant relationship with sleep quality and general concerns in patients with breast cancer (p<0.05). In addition, the results of path analysis showed that, avoidance strategies had a direct impact on general concerns and sleep quality, and cancer-related loneliness had indirect effect on sleep quality (p<0.05). At the same time, cancer-related loneliness failed to mediate the link between avoidance strategies and public concerns.

It can be said that avoidance strategies have a direct impact on the general concern and sleep quality of cancer patients. Also, the feeling of loneliness had a direct effect on the sleep quality of breast cancer patients. Therefore, by improving avoidance strategies, the sleep quality of these patients can be improved and their level of anxiety reduced.

The purpose of this study is to investigate of the effective factors on the flooding of Gorganrood river in Aq’Qala county. In this research 18 sub-criteria that plays an imperious role to create the flood inundation were identified. The sub-criteria were compared in pairs using the AHP method and their final weights were determined using Expert Choice software. Topographic and morphological sub-criteria with weights of 0.353 and 0.333 respectively, had the greatest impact on the occurrence of floods in Aq’Qala county. Based on the results, 14.19% of the area of Aq’Qala county located in a very low hazard zone (the western and the southern regions due to their suitable topography and distance from the Gorganrood river), 18.1% in low hazard zone (the northwest of the Aq’Qala county due to the existence of swampland and salty areas), 11.95% in moderate hazard zone (the north of the Aq’Qala county due to the swampy and hilly nature of the areas and the south of the Aq’Qala county), 29.66% in high hazard zone (the southeast of Aq’Qala county due to near the Gorganrood river buffer zone and tributaries of the Qarasou river, and the west of Aq’Qala county due to the unsuitable morphological conditions and very low slope Gorganrood bed river), 26.1% in very high hazard zone (The middle of Aq’Qala county due to the topography of the plains and qualitative buffer zones of the Gorganrood River due to the unsuitable morphological conditions). Canalization of the outer arch meanders at the SallaqYilqi village to Gangirma village. Widening and dredging the channel near the Aq’Qala’s bridge in the Aq'Qala city center. Drainage and digging the detour channel according to the topographic conditions in the middle plains of the Aq’Qala county can be very effective actions to reduce the flood hazard in the Aq’Qala County.

Everyone including university students faces many interpersonal problems and challenges in life, and the important thing is how to solve them, which seems coping styles with stressful factor to be related to it. As a result, the aim of this research was predicting social problem solving based on coping styles with stressful factors in university students. The present study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was all undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University of Saveh branch in 2019-2020 academic years. The sample size was calculated according to Cochran's formula 220 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tools were the social problem solving revised inventory (D’Zurilla & et al, 2002) and coping styles with stressful factors questionnaire (Endler & Parker, 1990). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with enter model methods in SPSS version 22 software in the significan level of 0.05. The results of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that problem-oriented style had a positive and significant relationship with adaptive problem solving and emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented styles had a negative and significant relationship with adaptive problem solving and problem-oriented style had a negative and significant relationship with non-adaptive problem solving and emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented styles had a positive and significant relationship with non-adaptive problem solving (P<0.05). Also, the results of multiple regression with enter model showed that coping styles with stressful factor could explain 68% of the changes in adaptive problem solving and 22% of the changes in non-adaptive problem solving (P<0.05). According to the results of the present study, university psychologists and counselors to increase adaptive problem solving and decrease non-adaptive problem solving in students can provide the background for improving coping styles with stressful factor.

In recent year’s groundwater pomping in the Mashhad plain and decreasing of rainfall in the Mashhad, plain is cause subsidence and creat damage to province infrastructure. This problem is causing more application for deep well water in agriculture, industries, and drinking water. Follow by this demand the number of illegal wells dicking by customers is increasing, therefore the water level of groundwater in Mashhad plain decreasing and the subsidence rate is growing. Mashhad plain is one of the significant plains in the Khorasan Razavi province which is the main water source to support the cropland and industries. High pressure in Groundwater pumping and rainfall is decreasing it causes aquifer recharge reduction.  Groundwater depletion induced a variety of inadequate in the Mashhad plain such as reducing well discharge, Qanat destructive, Water quality decreasing and land subsidence, etc. In this research, the rate of land subsidence by satellite radar data of ALOS-1 and Sentinel-1 and its relationship with groundwater depletion are investigated. For this purpose the time-series InSAR with multiple SAR data in L and C- bands are used for land subsidence analysis for ten years from 2007 to 2018.

The main goal of this research is to find the land subsidence rate in relationship with groundwater depletion of the Mashhad plain for a period of 2007-2018 using the InSAR technique. For achieving the research goal the three pairs of SAR images of ALOS data and three pairs of Sentinel-1 data are used. For analyzing the water delation with land subsidence the ten years piezometric well data for a period of 2006-2017 are modeled to create the groundwater table contour line. This map is used for finding the relationship with land subsidence. The final result of the subsidence map was assessed with field observation and previous work.

 InSAR result of ALOS-1 data in this research is shown the subsidence maximum rate of 5.2 cm in the period of 2007.10.16 to 2008.10.16 for 92 days, subsidence maximum rate of 3.8 cm in the period of 2008.01.16 to 2008.03.02 for 46 days, and subsidence maximum rate of 4.7 cm in the period of 2008.03.02 to 2008.06.02 for 92 days. In addition, the Sentinel-1 data processing for InSAR analysis has shown the subsidence maximum rate of 16.1 cm between 2015.05.28 to 2016.05.22 for a year, subsidence maximum rate of 17.4 cm from 2016.05.22 to 2017.05.29 for 372 days, and subsidence maximum rate of 20.3 cm from 2017.05.29 to 2018.05.24 in a year. The spatial distribution of the subsidence area is mostly in the central and southeast of Mashhad plain. The subsidence area is extended in the area with a 39 km length and 8 km wide. The Mashhad plain does not have a permanent river therefore most of the water demand in agriculture, industries, and drink water is supplying by groundwater pumping. The correlation between the subsidence map and groundwater level contour map obviously has shown that groundwater depletion affects land subsidence. Field observation was also confirmed the subsidence by wall and building crack, wellhead uplifting in the test site.

The result showed that the area with the maximum rate of subsidence is the counterpart to cropland and garden which have more influence on groundwater pumping. In addition, the piezometric well date is shown the groundwater table continuously decreasing. According to the result of this research, the main reason for subsidence is a force to groundwater pumping. The field observation approved that the subsidence is happening in the Mashhad plain by some cracks in the wall, bridge, road, well destructive.

Condition management, improving the outcomes of health care, preventing further disability, and reducing the cost of health care are essential for people with chronic illnesses. Adherence to treatment is one of the key components in the management of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural pattern of self-efficacy in coping with cancer through social support for adherence to treatment in women with breast cancer in lorestan.

The method of this study was descriptive and the research design was structural equation modeling based on correlation. The statistical population included all female patients with breast cancer who were referred to Shahid Rahimi Hospital for follow-up treatment and 300 of them were selected using the available sampling method. Then, they completed the self-efficacy of appropriate drug use, the Cancer Behavior Scale, and the Social Support Therapeutic Outcome Questionnaire. The research data were analyzed by AMOS.

There was a significant relationship between self-efficacy in coping with cancer and social support with adherence to treatment. The results of the structural equation modeling revealed a good fit of the model with the experimental data and the basic hypothesis of the research was approved. Self-efficacy in coping with cancer has a significant direct effect on adherence to treatment. Also, self-efficacy in coping with cancer through social support showed an indirect and significant effect on adherence to treatment.

This study showed the effective role of social support in the outcome of social and individual measures to increase treatment adherence in breast cancer patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Hexaco Questionnaire (HEXACO-60R) and compare it with the Five Major Personality Factors Questionnaire (NEO-FFI-R). This research is of descriptive-developmental type. The target population of this study was all male and female students studying at the undergraduate, graduate and doctoral levels of Tehran Azad University in the academic year 2017-2017. Based on the inclusion criteria, 250 students were studied by cluster sampling They were selected in several stages. Measurement tools in this study included a 60-item Hexaco six-factor questionnaire and a short neo-form personality questionnaire (60 questions). The results of this study confirmed the six-factor structure assumed on studentschr('39') personality. The obtained credits and construct validity have a high and desirable coefficient which indicates the applicability and reliability of the Hexaco questionnaire (p = 0.001).

Nowadays, the environmental structure has been changing and natural disasters, including sudden floods increasing. Due to the crossing of Gorganrood River in the city of Aq’qala, it has always been in the risk of flood in the spring and summer. In this study for time series flood zones and flood’s map area calculating which occurred in 23rd March 2019, we used Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 data because of high spatial resolution and free accessibility. For removing noise and clouds applied the atmospheric and radiometric correction on images and then used MNDWI and NDWI indexes for identifying of water and high moisture soil. The results shown the MNDWI index was better than the NDWI index for identify the moody water and high moisture zones. Flood zones maps produced by MNDWI index are shown more flooding area than NDWI index map. The area of flood maps for Aq’qala county and Aq’qala city were 262.453 and 51.091 Km2, respectively. The maximum flow rate discharge with 50 years returns period was 739 m3/s that the northern and eastern of Aq’qala city were flooded. When the flood is muddy, using MNDWI index is 50 percent better than NDWI index.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of reality-therapy based on choice theory on marital flexibility, marital boredom and social commitment of couples seeking divorce. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design Including  a control group < /p>  control group. The statistical population of the study Consisted of  the total number of couples applying for divorce in Malayer in 1398. From among that population, 30 couples were selected as the sample of the study based on available sampling design and were randomly Assigned into two groups of experimental and control.  in two experiments and control. The Painz (2003) Marital Boredom Questionnaire, Dennis & Wendrew's Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010), and the Adams and Jones Social Commitment Questionnaire (1997) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by multivariate covariance statistical test. The results of the descriptive findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups Please check this and the results of the inferential findings showed that there was a Significant difference in the cognitive flexibility variable between the control and experimental groups (P <0.05). In the marital boredom variable, there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the posttest stage (P <0.05); But in the follow-up phase, there is no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in marital boredom (P <0.05). In the social commitment variable, it is also observed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test phase (5.45) and follow-up (10.28) of the social commitment (P <0.05). Based on Based on the findings , it can be stated that the intervention of reality therapy based on the theory of choice on the components of flexibility, boredom and social commitment in couples seeking divorce is effective and this type of intervention can be used in counseling and couple therapy.

Urban rivers are of the most important reasons for flood inundation in cities. This study aimed to investigate the morphological effects of the Gorganrood River in Aq’ Qala City in a case of flood inundation on March 2019. The images of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 were downloaded for full flood monitoring. After preprocessing, the NDWI and MNDWI indices were applied on the images to extract the flood zones. The sinuosity index and the number and mean radius of meanders were calculated from Sallaq Yilqi village to Dogonchi village using Google Earth and AutoCAD. The NDWI index was appropriate to detect the permanent and clear waters, while the MNDWI index was appropriate to detect the muddy waters and high humidity terrains. The area of flooded zones which obtained from the MNDWI index was 88% more than those of NDWI index. The sinuosity index was 3.88 (sever meander) in the district of the Sallaq Yilqi village to the Yampi village. Destruction outer arc meanders and low radius of meanders and erosion of soils in upstream were caused overflow the flood in the Gorganrood channel. On the 20th March due to low channel width and very-low gradient of bed river (0.0002) from the Aq Tekeh Khan village to the Dogonchi village were caused slow velocity of flood stream, therefore the water level was raised and the city of Aq’ Qala were flooded. According to the flood maps obtained, the northern and southern of the Aq’ Qala city located at high-risk zone. Canalization of outer meanders curvature, planting the absorbent vegetation around the quantitative buffer zone of the Gorganrood river, widening and dredging the channel and modifying structure of channel on the northern plains of Gorganrood River can be prevented from flooding over the Aq’ Qala city.

Marriage as the most important social behavior to achieve emotional needs and security has always been considered by all psychologists, counselors, and other mental health professionals. Marriage is a complex, delicate, and dynamic relationship. Having a strong, warm, intimate and mutually respectful family is one of the consequences of a successful marriage that can lead to physical and mental health, comfort, peace, and safety of spouses and family members. The phenomenon of divorce is one of the most complex problems in married life in all societies and this complexity is due to the role of various individual, social, economic, cultural, and political factors in the occurrence of this phenomenon. The devastating effects of this social phenomenon cover a wide range and in addition to couples, it will also affect their children and threaten their mental health and quality of life; In this way, by creating a negative attitude towards marriage in children, it damages the quality of their future marital relations. The rising trend of divorce statistics and the existence of conflicts and turmoil in coupleschr('39') relationships have increased the motivation of researchers to find effective factors and appropriate solutions to deal with this relationship breakdown. Non-marital commitment is one of the effective factors in creating divorce between couples. Because one of the important characteristics of successful and long-term marriages is the existence of marital commitment, in fact, among the various human interactions, commitment is the most important qualitative aspect of a relationship. Adherence to the marriage covenant is also very important as a lasting mechanism and is one of the characteristics of successful and long-term marriages. Commitment to marriage increases life satisfaction and marital satisfaction. Also, another variable that plays a role in family health and well-being is cognitive flexibility. Cognitive flexibility refers to the degree to which an individual is experiential in the face of external and internal experiences. This personality trait exists in different people to different degrees and determines the type of reaction of people to new experiences. Today, various approaches to couple therapy and family therapy have been developed with the aim of reducing conflicts and communication disorders between couples. The goal of couple therapy is to help couples cope better with current problems and learn more effective ways to communicate. In the first stage, this treatment evaluates the coupleschr('39') communication style, and after the defenses are revealed, it reveals this style to the couple and determines its consequences, which is why couples gradually succeed. Recognize the repressed and subtle emotions that perpetuate this negative communication cycle and stop this cycle and improve their relationships based on interventions that have been proven to be effective in numerous studies. Thus, based on the above, it is clear that this type of intervention can be used in a couple of therapies. However, so far no research has specifically evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention on the components involved in coupleschr('39') satisfaction with the marital relationship. This makes it difficult to generalize the data. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this type of treatment on the two components of cognitive flexibility and social commitment of couples on men and women seeking a divorce.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of method, in which a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and follow-up stage was used. The present study with the code IR.BPUMS.REC.1399.106 was approved by the ethics committee of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all couples seeking a divorce in Malayer in 1398. The statistical sample consisted of 30 pairs that were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (15 couples) and control (15 couples) groups. Criteria for entering the study were the complete consent of the couple to participate in the study, as well as the ability to attend regular sessions, not to use psychiatric drugs during treatment, and in the case of psychotherapy or medication, at least 6 months have passed. In addition, at least one year must have passed since their marriage and they have filed for divorce, while the couples participating in the study were matched in the experimental and control groups in terms of the age range, level of education, and economic status. After identifying the sample group, research tools were provided to both groups and the results were considered as a pretest. In the next stage, the subjects in the experimental group underwent 12 one-hour sessions of emotion therapy intervention. Dennis and Vanderwall (2010) and Adams and Joneschr('39')s (1997) Social Commitment Questionnaire were used to collecting data. The experimental group underwent 12 one-hour sessions of emotion therapy intervention. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that F values in post-test (5.30) and follow-up (7.67) of cognitive flexibility as well as post-test (15.24) and follow-up (25.46) of social commitment and also Their level of significance is less than 0.05, it is observed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in all variables in both post-test and follow-up stages (P <0.05).

Based on this, it can be stated that emotional therapy is effective on the components of flexibility and social commitment in couples seeking divorce and this type of intervention can be used in counseling and treatment of couples, especially couples with conflict. Used. Since this research has been done on couples seeking divorce in Malayer city, so caution should be exercised in generalizing the results. Another limitation of the present study was the reliance on data from the self-report questionnaire that in this style of data collection, the participant is likely to have difficulty expressing their emotions and cognitions, so it is suggested to increase statistical power and reliability of the findings to collect information from methods. Use as an interview or qualitative study. The results of the present study can be generalized and applied in different situations by considering the said limitations. It is also recommended that counselors provide reality therapy training courses for couples at risk of divorce.

Aims: Lifestyle has long sociological and psychological roots. The purpose of this study was the meta-analysis of variables associated with lifestyle in Iran.
Information & In this meta-analysis, the internal and external databases were undertaken to find and collect all research reports in the subject area. 14 studies from 2006 to 2013 across Iran that included 4652 subjects were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient size method for the model of fixed effects. All statistical operations were performed using the second edition of the comprehensive meta-analysis software.
Findings: The mean of the total effect of the studied studies for the fixed effects model was 0.385 and for the random effects was 0.336 (p The lifestyle has correlation with psychological disorders, health beliefs, marital satisfaction, happiness in life satisfaction, paternal satisfaction, body image, tendency to use industrial drugs, women's employment, associated factors, demographic factors, youth tolerance, quality of life associated with health and consumption Media.

Regarding the importance of generalized anxiety disorder, this study aimed to investigate the effect of an integrated cognitive-behavioral, acceptance, and commitment intervention on generalized anxiety disorder among students of Islamic Azad University of Toyserkan, Iran.
This interventional study was conducted on 18 students referring to the counseling center of Toyserkan Azad University to receive counseling services using a pretest -posttest design in 2017. The study population was selected by a psychiatrist based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder criteria through convenience sampling technique. The data were collected using a two-part questionnaire, including the demographic information and Standardized Beck Depression Inventory .The integrated program consisted of 12 educational sessions. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 16) by means of paired sample t-test and Chi -square test.
According to the results, the integrated intervention reduced the student's mean generalized anxiety disorder to 8.27%. Moreover, this intervention led to anxiety reduction from severe level to moderate level in 83.3% of the students.
As the findings of the present study indicated, the integrated intervention was effective in the mitigation of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms among the students. Therefore, this intervention was concluded to be as efficient as other interventions, such as the cognitive-behavioral, acceptance, and commitment programs, in decreasing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

The present study aims to provide a comparative analysis of studies on Acceptance-Commitment and Cognitive-Behavioral interferences effectiveness on generalized Anxiety disorder.
This is a quasi-experimental research. Students at the Islamic Azad University of Toyserkan, Iran, who have been in contact with the counseling office in the educational year 2016-2017, were selected as statistical population. These students, in a diagnostic interview with a psychiatrist, met the DSM5 standards for generalized anxiety disorder and were approved by a trusted psychiatrist. Then, these selected subjects gave average or more score in beck anxiety test and were randomly divided into two groups of 20. After executing interferences for each group, data were analyzed by t-test and covariance.
The findings indicated that the average acceptance and commitment interference was 12.3 (t= 16.01 and p The research demonstrated that both interferences are effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder, although Acceptance and Commitment interference is more effective than Cognitive and Behavioral interference.

The aim of the present research was to conduct a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of play therapy studies on behavioral disorders in children. The method of this study was meta-analysis. Twenty two studies from throughout Iran (1996 to 2012) including 637 participants were used in this meta-analysis. Data was analyzed using standardized mean difference effect size method for fixed effect model or Cohen’s d (Cohen، 1988، Hooman، 2008). All statistical operations were accomplished by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis، Version 2. 0 (Borenstein، Hedges، Higgins & Rothestein، 2005، translated by Delavar & Ganji، 2012). Results showed that the mean of mixed-model of effect size was 0/434 for the fixed effect model and 0/477 for the random effect model that both of them were significant in 0/001 level. In view of the fact that the effect sizes were heterogeneous، searches were done for moderator variables. Results showed that there wasn’t any significant difference between the effect sizes of studies، regarding the research design and gender of participants. The differences between the effect sizes of studies about the effectiveness of play therapy studies on behavioral disorders in children، regarding the age of participants and number of play therapy sessions were significant. It can be concluded that carrying out play therapies in many sessions and in lower ages could decrease behavioral disorder symptoms in children.

Adjustment and marital satisfaction is the most important factor in determining the stability and permanence of marriage. Marital satisfaction is one of the factors contributing to the stability of the family and at the same time mental health wives and children. This study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on the adjustment and marital satisfaction was conducted. This study used a quasi-experimental design with pre-test - post-test with a control group. The study population was all the couples referred to counseling centers in Tehran and was Rey. Experimental group received 15 sessions of one hour and the emotional intelligence training while the control group did not receive any intervention. Emotional intelligence scale data collection tools, marital and marital satisfaction. Data obtained using analysis of covariance and design time series was analyzed. Results adjustment and marital satisfaction scores before and after training in emotional intelligence and its components showed significant differences. The result showed that emotional intelligence training on effective adaptation and marital satisfaction.

The aim of present research was the study of variables associated with creativity in Iran. The research method was Meta-analysis then we find and collect all research reports by using internal and external information data bank. Twelfh studies from throughout of Iran (1383 to 1391) involving 3015 participants were used in this meta-analysis. Data was analyzed using Pearson coefficient effect size method for fixed effect model (Hooman، 1387). All statistical operations accomplished by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis، Version 2. 0 (Borenstein، Hedges، Higgins & Rothestein; 2005، translated by Delavar & Ganji، 1391). Results showed that the mean of mixed- model of effect size was 0/496 for fixed effect model and 0/497 for random effect model that both of them were significant in 0/001 level. The mean of mixed- model of effect size (0/496) in this research showed the moderate to high on creativity. Also Results showed that there is significant effect size between cognitive styles، internal and external motivation، gender، emotional intelligence، epistemological believes، dimentions of goal direction، mental well-being، personality characters، teacher’s activity and characteristics، intelligence، age، parent’s marital satisfaction، critical thinking، happiness، thinking styles، and direction goal with creativity.

Attention–deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) does not often appear alone but it has comorbidity with many other disorders. Differential diagnosis among comorbid disorders and other situations like ADHD are some of the problems of epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was investigation of the rate of comorbidity and prevalence of ADHD among elementary students in Hamedan. The method of this study was descriptivesurvey. From 7-12 years old elementary students 1938 people were selected including 988 boys (50/98 percent) and 950 girls (49/02 percent) by the use of random cluster sampling method. Data was collected by the CSI-4 (parents & teachers form), Clock Drawing Test, Iran Kay-Mat, reading diagnostic test. Finally, according to the DSM-IV-TR criterion, clinical interview was done with children. Data analysis was accomplished by t-test, chi-square, and correlation coefficient. Data analysis revealed that the whole prevalence rates of ADHD were 8/62 percent, 12/55 in boys & 4/53 in girls. The prevalence of learning disability (LD) was 7 percent in the whole sample group and 88 students (4/54 percent) had both disorders. The prevalence of ADHD and comorbidity of both disorders in boys was three times more than girls. Differential diagnosis and early psychological and counseling services for ADHD and LD are felt to be necessary.