یحیی کمالی

Achieving sustainable water resource management necessitates the successful implementation of water policies. However, the Sixth Development Plan in Iran has witnessed a significant shortfall in realizing the intended outcomes of its water policy initiatives. This research delves into the obstacles hindering effective water policy implementation, aiming to identify key challenges and provide recommendations for improvement. Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, including scholarly articles and reports focused on water policies within development programs. Additionally, we conducted unstructured interviews with key stakeholders involved in water policy implementation. Through content analysis of this collected data, we identified three primary categories of barriers including Policy Design, Administrative Hurdles, and Executor Capacity Executor Capacity.  Furthermore, the research underscores the critical need for a robust performance evaluation system to monitor and assess the effectiveness of water policies during implementation. Based on the findings, this research offers a set of policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the implementation potential of water policies. These recommendations address improvements in policy design, strengthening administrative capabilities, and enhancing the capacity of implementing agencies. By implementing these recommendations, policymakers can ensure more effective water policy implementation in future development plans, contributing towards the sustainable management of water resources in Iran.

Disclosure of corruption plays an important role in facilitating the process of fighting corruption and realizing administrative health. Considering the hidden layers of corruption, disclosure of corruption is an important mechanism for reporting illegal behavior or violations to the organization's management, authorities and the general public. Exposing corruption can also have harmful consequences for whistleblowers. For this reason, disclosure of corruption and whistleblowers in developed countries are considered and protected by the law. In Iran, various steps have been taken to support corruption whistleblowers. But these measures are scattered and inconsistent. The current research seeks to identify and categorize the methods of supporting corruption whistleblowers in order to provide a comprehensive view to the legislators and policy makers in the field of anti-corruption.

To achieve this goal, thematic analysis method has been used. The research data includes reports and interviews published by academic experts and executive authorities, as well as related researches that have been collected by documentary method. The sampling method is purposive sampling, which is continued until reaching theoretical saturation.

The findings of the research include different concepts, each concept represents a way to support whistleblowers. These strategies are organized based on conceptual affinity in five main themes of legal support, security support, financial support, administrative support and social support.

Supporting corruption whistleblowers requires a set of different legal solutions, security support, financial support, administrative support and social support, which should be used in the amendment and completion of existing laws in Iran.

One of the areas of policy-making that, like other areas of policy-making, requires efforts to adopt a policy based on evidence and science, is policy-making in the field of higher education. The purpose of this research is to present a model of policy impact assessment in Iran's higher education.

Grounded theory method is used in this article. In this research, the theoretical foundations and existing backgrounds in internal and external dimensions were examined through in-depth study. The statistical population of the research was selected from the policy makers of the higher education system, experts, managers and officials in the field of higher education and experts in the field of policy making in higher education. In this section, until theoretical saturation was reached, chain or snowball type targeted sampling was used. In this way, 12 interviews were conducted.

The findings of the research showed that based on the findings of the research, goal setting, research and education as causal conditions through the final effect of policy in higher education on the strategic categories of competitive advantage, formulation and implementation of policy, quality of policy and practice, resource management , communication and coordination, strategy, transparency and accountability and effective models, and taking into account the environmental and interventionist categories, it leads to the consequences of speed of action, performance of development and growth, effectiveness, change and transformation and social impact.

Paying attention to the effect of politics in higher education helps policy makers and administrators in the implementation of policies. Reviewing the policies and redesigning the country's higher education programs is in line with the rapid changes and developments of science and technology and is one of the proposals that can solve the aforementioned challenges, solve the relevant crises, existing requirements and adopt new initiatives. Higher education should be included in the order of reviewing the country's governance and policy-making system.

The aim of the research is to identify and rank the challenges of evaluating development policies in Iran. To achieve this goal, qualitative and quantitative methods have been applied in two stages. In the first stage, evaluation challenges were identified based on the qualitative coding method and existing research and reports, and in the second stage, they were ranked quantitatively by the hierarchical analysis method. At this stage, the data collection tool was a paired comparison questionnaire containing eighteen challenges, which was given to executive and academic experts in this field for ranking. A total of 34 questionnaires were analyzed. The research findings demonstrated "lack of will required to apply the evaluation findings" with a weight of 0.11641, "spirit of non-responsibility and irresponsibility" with a weight of 0.1064, and "negative perception of evaluation and resistance to it" with a weight of 0.0942, which are related to the culture of evaluating development policies, are more vital than the challenges related to technical and informational issues.

The aim of this research is identifying and ranking the effective political factors on foreign investment in Iran. Research method includes two qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the first stage, political factors have been identified with the meta-synthesis method. The second stage employs the fuzzy TOPSIS method. The data was collected by a questionnaire containing two categories of positive and negative political factors, which affects the foreign investment in Iran, and was given to 32 experts in this field. Research findings show that the positive political factors ranked as follows, political stability with a weight of 0.6564, investment security with a weight of 0.6403, and good governance with a weight of 0.5143. The negative political facers ranked as follows, international sanctions with a weight of 0.6752 at first place, Instability and high political risk with a weight of 0.5970 ranked second and investment insecurity with a weight of 0.5788 ranked at third.

The aim of the present study is to identify and categorize the obstacles of party development in The Post- Revolutionary Iran. The current study has utilized the Qualitative Meta-Analysis method. The sample include articles and dissertations that have been published in databases of NOORMAGZ, SID, MAGIRAN and IRANDOC from 1989 to 2018. During the review process, 118 studies were identified and finally, 30 of them were included to the secondary evaluation. The findings indicated that the 130 obstacles of party development have been identified and categorized follow six approaches: Institutional, Legal, Political culture, Sociological, and Modernization obstacles that based on the frequency, Political culture obstacle has been a frequency of 46 cases, 35.38%.  From the perspective of party development studies in the period 1989-2018, the obstacle of political culture with three dimensions, the political culture of leaders, political elites and the masses has had the greatest impact on the process of party development in The Post- Revolutionary Iran. Hence, it is suggested to reform of political culture with the aim of creating a positive mental orientation toward the party phenomenon and activity at three levels: the political culture of leaders, political elites and political activists and the mass.

There is a dynamic approach in the field of analyzing foreign policy-making of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which we have called it as the Pathological Approach. From this point of view, the researchers describe the current situation in the first step. Then, they seek to recognize the pathologies influencing the foreign policy-making process and finally, recommend policy advices intend to help policymakers that to reduce the rate of incorrect decisions. In order to identify and introduce this approach systematically, this paper has selected 8 analysts who are well known in the field of foreign policy analysis of I. R. of Iran and has conducted a Qualitative Meta-Analysis. The sample is 17 texts of them following a single theme as “Evaluating diplomatic apparatus performance of the Islamic Republic of Iran”. The findings indicate that there are three groups of Pathogenicity factors including perceptual/cognitive, institutional/structural and environmental/societal pathologies that influence foreign policy-making process of Islamic Republic of Iran. Authors have concluded that identified approach is affected by assumptions of the Rational Actor Model, as a model of foreign policy decision- making.

disclosure of corruption is one of the important and influential mechanisms in the field of prevention and fight against corruption, which is done individually, in groups or in organizations. Non-governmental organizations are one of the active institutions in the field of exposing corruption, and their activities are gradually expanding. The purpose of the research is to investigate the similarities and differences of the role and challenges of non-governmental organizations in exposing corruption in Iran and Sweden.

To achieve this goal, two organizations from Iran and two organizations from Sweden were studied, and the research was done using the comparative method.

The research findings show the differences and similarities between the roles of the four studied organizations in Iran and Sweden in four roles: 1) exposing corruption, 2) policymaking and legislation, 3) educational and cultural, and 4) consultation and cooperation. In addition, he has classified the challenges of non-governmental organizations of the two countries into three categories: 1) political-administrative challenges, 2) legal-judicial challenges, and 3) cultural-social challenges and compared them with each other. The legal gap, the lack of a positive view on the disclosure of corruption by government officials and the multiplicity of centers influencing the decisions and activities of non-governmental organizations are among the challenges of these organizations in Iran.

This article aims to introduce the approach of Argumentative policy analysis &its application process. Public policy analysis has various approaches, that each of them has specific objectives &focus on specific variables in policy analysis. Argumentative policy analysis focuses on policy Argument &its characteristics in order to provide different aspects of confrontation between the parties of an argument. Policymakers make a variety of arguments for a variety of purposes, including justifying their policies or to persuade audiences &gain public support. In this paper, the components of Argumentative policy analysis based on Toulmin model including clime, data, warrant, Backing, Qualifier, Rebuttal are described, &In the following, the functions &examples of application of argumentative analysis in policy analysis are presented, which can be a good manual for public policy researchers.

In Iran, the findings of previous studies indicate a decline in the levels of political trust. The performance of financial management of political system, institutions as well as actors is among the factors influencing political trust. Thus, the present study aimed to analize the relation between the perception of Kermanian citizens on the performance of budgeting and their political trust in political system, institutions and actors in 2020. This study was a descriptive- correlation research which was done through a surveying methodology in Kerman city. According to Morgan’s table, a sample of 382 people was selected through random sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher- made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined using Cronbach's Alpha test. Pearson correlation formula were run to analize the data. Data were analized using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS. The findings indicate being a positive and meaningful relation between citizens' perception of the performance of budgeting and political trust. The findings show that the average level of political trust is low that can be restored and reformed by improving budgeting performance.

Industrial development plays an important role in economic variables such as creating employment, increasing economic growth and reducing poverty. Attention has always been paid to the industry sector in the five-year development plans in Iran. In addition, various organizations are active in the field of industrial development policy making. This study intends to identify and categorize the pathological components of industrial development policy in Iran during the period between 1991 and 2018.

To achieve this goal, the Qualitative Meta-Synthesis Method was used and the research data were collected by applying documentary method, which included 155 scientific articles, 19 books and reports, as well as 3 dissertations. As a result, 75 sources were cited. The statistical sampling method was of purposive judgment type. In this regard, 117 concepts or challenges were identified, and then categorized on the basis of an integrative theoretical policy framework.

Findings include the pathological factors of Iran's industrial development policy-making which fall into four sections: a. ‘the content’, including such categories as long-term goals or visions, strategies, programs, policies and regulatory or monitoring laws and regulations; b. ‘the process’, including such categories as agenda setting, policy formulation, decision making, implementation and evaluation; c. ‘the actors’, including  infra-organizational, organizational and individual categories;  d. ‘environment or context’, including the categories of political values, government’s comprehensive view and framework, political support, managerial-administrative capacity, analytical capacity.

Implications: 

The findings of the present study can provide a good basis for reforming industrial development policy in Iran.

The policy formulation stage is one of the important stages of the policy-making process that has significant effects on other stages. In development studies, the state is recoganized as an influential player in development policy procces. This research aims to identify and categorize the challenges of the formulation stage of development policies in Iran by viewing the from of five-year development programs. Research data were collected by a documentary method,  and by using purposeful sampling and thematic analysis. The challenges of development policies formulation in Iran have been categorized in five themes: 1) the nature of development policies 2) factors affecting development policies 3) the players of policy formulation stage 4) solutions presented in develpoment policeis 5) determination of the objectives in development policies. Explaining the challenges of development policies formulation in Iran can help policymakers and development policy analysts to overcome them in future policies.

This research aims to identify and rank the political and legal challenges of women taking political positions in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method consists of two qualitative and quantitative stages.  The qualitative stage ,  which attempts to identify the challenges, that has been done by thematic analysis method. At this stage, the data sampling method was purposive sampling. The quantitative method using the AHP, at this stage, the data collection tool, a Pairwise comparison questionnaire including 32 challenges to rank the challenges were provided to experts in this field. Findings show that the challenges of women taking political positions include two types of challenges: political and legal ones. Political challenges themselves are divided into two sub-themes, governmental and non-governmental. The ranking of challenges is as follows: political challenges with a weight of 0.694 have gained the first rank and legal challenges with a weight of 0.306 have gained the second rank. Among the sub-criteria of political challenge, governmental challenges with a weight of 0.713 have the first rank and non-governmental challenges with a weight of 0.287 have the second rank. Among the 32 challenges, male dominance in politics (patriarchy) with a weight of 0.07719 has won the first place. After that, the patriarchal administrative culture with a weight of 0.05542 ranked second and the lack of legal protection for women with a weight of 0.05263 ranked third. Findings show that macro-challenges related to political structure are more important than individual challenges and micro level. These results are consistent with some other researches .

This research aims to identify the challenges of sustainable tourism development in Kerman province. Tourism as a multidimensional phenomenon has been growing steadily and increasingly. Kerman is the largest province of Iran with its diverse climate and attractions and has many advantages in the field of tourism. In this research, using themathic analysis method, through semi-organized interviews with academic experts and private sector activists and interviews of executives reflected in the media, an attempt has been made to identify the challenges of sustainable tourism development. The result of the open coding stage is the identification of 85 challenges for the development of sustainable tourism in Kerman province. In the next step, the concepts are categorized into eight themes. These themes are: 1) Policy and planning challenges 2) Management and administrative challenges 3) Transportation and communication challenges 4) Hotel and accommodation challenges 5) Advertising and information challenges 6) challenges of Infrastructure Welfare and recreational facilities 7) Challenges of education and tourist guidance 8) Environmental challenges. Each of this themes includes challenges that are conceptually related to each other and explain a specific dimension of sustainable tourism in Kerman province.

One of the main indicators of the development of a science discipline is the scientific outputs and articles. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of articles published in the Politics Quarterly, Journal of University of Tehran from spring 2013 to winter 2020.

The population of this systematic review study included 274 articles published in the study period. First, the data were collected using a comprehensive form for summarizing, and the information was extracted based on four criteria: form, structure, method and content of articles as well as totally 19 indicators.

Findings showed that according to the criteria of the research form, 91.2% of the authors were male, and the faculty members of the University of Tehran with 55.1% had the highest share in publishing articles. The academic rank of the first author of 48.9% of the articles was assistant professor. Based on the structure of the research, the title of 62.7% of the articles was very relevant to the content. In terms of the structured abstract, 71.5 articles fell into the "low structured" range. In terms of the comprehensiveness of the components of the article, 55.8% were in the "low" range. Based on the results, 81.7% of the articles were interpretive and 80.6% of them used the documentary technique. Totally, 79.1% did not use a method to analyze the data and 84.6% did not use a method to validate the findings. According to the content criterion, 35.4% of the articles were aimed at commentary and 35.4% were in the field of political thought. Moreover, 82.8% were not review articles and 33.9% did not mention the theoretical framework.

The results of the current study indicated that the reviewed articles had problems in terms of form, structure, method and content. These problems are more in the structure and method of articles.

This research aims to identify and describe similarities and differences of mechanisms used to resolve three post-election disputes of presidential elections of Kenya 2017, Afghanistan 2009 and Iran 2009. Tradition and comparative strategy in this study were qualitative-in-depth and case-oriented with n, respectively. To achieve this benchmark, a researcher-made conceptual framework has been used, as well as the library-documentary method to collect the data. Based on the findings of the study, the system and the dominant approach in resolving the presidential election disputes in Kenya and Afghanistan is integrated, i.e. the use of a combination of official/governmental and non-official/non-governmental mechanisms. While in Iran, the dominant system and approach is formal/governmental, and no application of informal/alternative dispute resolution mechanisms has been recognized. Moreover, the formal mechanisms used in all three comparisons has been included in the similarities found them, with the difference that in Kenya and Afghanistan, the application of these mechanisms has led to the acceptance of requests of protester candidates and ultimately to the resolution and end of disputes. While in Iran, the protester candidates’ requests have been rejected.The current comparative analysis indicates that reforming electoral management laws and institutions with the specific function of resolving potential disputes in an electoral cycle with “learning” from the previous controversial situations may lead to the creation of new mechanisms, including formal, informal or complementary. These mechanisms allow the parties of the dispute to resolve the dispute more constructively, fairly, creatively and rapidly through cooperative actions.

This study aims to investigate the changes in The Right/Conservative Faction in the period of 1988-2015 in Iran. The findings show that the environmental incentive of election competition has been the main incentive for changes in The Right/Conservative Faction organization. The findings also revealed that the main outputs of these changes in the period of 1988-2015 include: organizational tactic with three contents of The Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran (The Etelaf-e Abadgaran-e Iran-e Eslami), The United Front of Principlists (The Jebha-e Muttahid-e Osulgarayan) and The Principlists Grand Coalition (The Etelaf-e Bozorg-e Osulgarayan), organizational unit with two contents of The Executives of Construction Party (The Hezb-e Kargozaran-e Sazandegi) and The Front of Islamic Revolution Stability (The Jebha-ye Paydari-e Enghelab-e Eslami) and organizational identity with content of principalis (The Osulgarayee). The results suggested that, change in organizational social context of The Right/Conservative Faction has been effective as an intra-organizational factor in the occurrence of these changes. This variable with indicators such as age (entry of young forces into the organizational structure), education (seminary or university), political background (revolutionary struggles), class dignity (degree of dependence on the clergy) and the attitude of right-wing elites to political activity (degree Belief in organizational work) as an intra-organizational factor has been instrumental in bringing about these changes.

This research aims to identify and categorize the implementation challenges of development policies in Iran. Policy implementation is one of the most important steps in the policy-making process, which highlights the results of the previous steps in order to optimize the output and results of the policies. 

Using thematic analysis method, the research data were analyzed by open and axial coding. Purposive sampling was used and data included scientific articles as well as reports of organizations and research centers related to the implementation of development policies, which were collected by applying a documentary method. Besides, data source triangulation and researcher triangulation were used for coding the data and categorizing the concepts. 

Results of the two stages of data coding show that the challenges of development policies implementation in Iran can be categorized into five themes: 1. nature of the formulated policies, 2. characteristics of the implementers, 3. structures and administrating organizations, 4. conditions and environment of implementation, 5. implementation sources and tools. The identification of the challenges of implementing development policies in Iran can help Iranian policy makers and managers take them in their future policy-making so that they may avoid the imminent problems.

The use of qualitative method of thematic analysis and a wide range of data sources has led to the presentation of a new classification of implementation challenges of development policies in Iran, which covers different aspects of policy implementation.

Identifying and categorizing a set of criteria for formulation of public policiesAbstractThis study aims to identify and categorize a set of criteria for formulation of public policies. Policy analysts have important role in Policy formulation. In the policy formulation stage, the dimensions and causes of policy problems are examined, policy options and their consequences are identified, and the appropriate policy option is proposed for each problem. Proper and accurate formulation of public policies can increase the probability of success and effectiveness of these policies. Therefore, it is necessary to know the formulation stage and identifying the criteria of good formulation of public policies. this research, by using of thematic analysis and by reviewing policy studies and researches, identified the criteria of good policy formulation and categorized in five themes 1) the nature of the public problem 2) the factors of the public problem 3) the formulation players 4) the policy options and 5) the policy objectives. These criteria can guide analysts, policymakers, organizations and relevant institutions in formulating the public policies.

Meta synthesis of the mechanisms of preventing and Combating Administrative Corruption in IranAbstractThis study aims to identify and categorize the mechanisms of prevention and Combating Administrative Corruption in Iran based on published research from 1991 to 2017. By Using of Meta-synthesis method, the findings of these studies, which indicate the mechanisms of preventing and combating Administrative Corruption, have been formulated in the form of data production. In the next step, the mechanisms presented in these researches have been coded by open and axial coding. The concepts of research as mechanisms of preventing and combating corruption has been categorized based on eight indicator of good governance theory and two indicator of national integrity system. These categories include participation, transparency, rule of law, accountability, public agreement, justice and equality, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency, media, monitoring, which include 203 mechanisms for preventing and combating Administrative corruption.

The voting depends on the voters behavior. The behavior of Iranian voters have been interested in many researchers. The multiplicity and distribution of the studies has led to the present study to identify, classify and evaluate studies in this area of research for the first time in Iran under the title of voting behavior studies. The current study has utilized the qualitative Meta-Analysis method. The sample includes articles that have been published in databases of NOORMAGZ, SID and MAGIRAN from 1981 to 2018. During the review process, 131 articles were identified and finally, 35 of them were included to the secondary evaluation. The findings indicated that the 2011s, has been a turning point in studies of voting behavior in Iran. The men had the largest collaboration. The 10th parliament election was the most studied and the city of Tehran and ordinary voters, respectively, dedicated as the most of the field and case studies. The sociological factors have been identified as the most influential factors on Iranian voting behavior. On the base of content criteria, electoral cases of Assembly of Experts of Leadership, village councils and, the southern and eastern provinces have been ignored in these studies.

Qualitative Aanalysis of the Argumentative Structure of Proponents and Opponents of Women's Representation Right in the Presidential Election in Iran Abstract The issue of women's right to represent in the Iranian presidential election has been a part of political discourses and scientific researches in the field of women political participation in recent years. So far as it has become a debatable claim. This paper focuses on the statements of 26 people, including "legislators, election observers, jurists, women with management and political representation backgrounds, and female candidates in the presidential election in the period of 1980 – 2019 and, given their claims are as argumentative acts. By using Toulmin's Argument Model, the paper has attempted to show how the proponents and opponents of women's representation right in the presidential election in Iran have shaped their argumentative structure. Findings from the qualitative content analysis of 50 argumentative texts indicate that all of the arguers have used structures the main components in their argumentative, including: claim, data and warrant from the Toulminian Model. But only in the two texts has been used the six components of Toulminian Model. So, they are not perfect arguments. The researchers conclude that the presence of field-dependent warrants in the argumentative structure of the proponents implies that they are trying to challenge the claims of the opponents’ claims and, thereby they increase the legitimacy of their arguments. Keywords: Argument, Speech Act of Argumentation, Argumentative Structure, Toulmin Model of Argumentation, Women's Representation, Presidential Elections, Iran.

This research aims to identify and categorize the criteria for successful implementation of public policies. The Implementation stage is one of the most important stages of public policy process. Importance of Implementation is due to the fact that it is a test for the accuracy and precision of formulation of public policies. Given the different models of implementation analysis and the complexities of this policy making stage, identifying a set of criteria for successful implementation of public policies can lead to more successful implementation and help policymakers and relevant organization to prevent public policy failures. In this regard, in this research by using of thematic analysis, and reviewing scientific texts of public policy tried to identify a set of criteria for successful implementation of public policies. This criteria categorized in in five themes: 1-criteria related to the policy, 2- policy enforcers, 3- Executive organizations and structures, 4- Conditions and environment of implementation, 5- resources and tools of policy implementation.

Elections, as conducted in liberal democracies, are the means by which citizens elect the individuals they desire for public office and grant them the power to exercise power. Hence, elections are a key component of the democratization process expected to transparently, freely, fairly and peacefully make change in government and the distribution of power in a political system. Yet, elections are also competitive processes that can provide the context for tensions, disputes and sometimes long-term conflicts with political violence and, consequently, lead to political and social instability. This is where the issue of electoral disputes and how to resolve them become important. Disputes are inherent components in the electoral process that may happen at any stage of the electoral cycle (pre, during, and post-election stages). Hence, the present study has tried to identify and classify mechanisms used to resolve post-election disputes through a Theoretical Analysis on related studies. Based on the findings of the study, there are three types of resolution mechanisms of electoral disputes, including: formal/governmental mechanisms, informal/alternative mechanisms and, integrated, i.e. the use of a combination of formal and informal mechanisms. Here, it is recommended to shift from more emphasis on the approach and the use of formal mechanisms towards the integrated approach and the use of informal/alternative mechanisms as complementary to formal mechanisms appropriate to the type of political system, electoral system, socio-cultural contexts and type of dispute in any country.