یزدان موحدی

Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases and it is very important to perform appropriate psychological interventions to improve the psychological health of breast cancer patients. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on resilience and tolerance of ambiguity in cancer patients.

The current research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of this research was all cancer patients in Tehran in 1400, 30 of them were randomly selected and replaced in two experimental and control groups. Mindfulness-based training was conducted for the experimental group for 8 sessions, but no intervention was conducted for the control group. The research tools in this research were Kabat-Zinn's mindfulness training protocol, Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire (2003) and Friston's ambiguity tolerance (1994). The statistical method used was multivariate covariance analysis, which was done using Spss version 23 software.

The results of this research revealed that mindfulness training significantly reduces uncertainty tolerance and increases resilience in people with cancer, the significance level of which was 0.01 with an effect size of 37%.

The results of this research can have therapeutic implications for all hospital workers who work with patients with cancer, in the sense that interventions based on mindfulness training should be made for cancer patients.

Divorce is a process that begins with the emotional crisis of both couples and ends with trying to resolve the conflict through entering a new success with a new role and lifestyle. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of schema therapy on rumination, cognitive fusion, cognitive avoidance and neurocognitive processing in couples applying for divorce in Tabriz city.

This research was a semi-experimental design. The statistical population of the research was all couples applying for divorce in Tabriz city in 2018, and 30 of them were purposefully selected. In order to collect information, questionnaires of rumination, cognitive fusion, cognitive avoidance and 64-channel quantitative electroencephalography device were used, and Yang's schema therapy protocol was used for intervention. The collected data were analyzed with using descriptive statistical methods of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistical methods of multivariate covariance analysis.

The results showed that schema therapy reduces rumination, cognitive fusion, and cognitive avoidance, and also increases beta frequency and decreases delta in the FZ region (P<0/01 ).

Based on the results obtained from this research, the schema therapy can be used as an effective intervention to reduce rumination, cognitive fusion and cognitive avoidance of couples applying for divorce.

How to design spaces in cities can have different effects on citizens. The objectives of this study can be to examine the impact of biophilic urban space on the stress of people.

The research method is quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the study consists of 20 bachelor and master students in the field of architecture and urban planning at Tabriz University of Islamic Arts in the academic year 1400. First, students' health was identified using a call announcement and a demographic questionnaire, and these individuals were quantified for stress with the help of a smart wristband while viewing images of biophilic and non-biophilic urban spaces with the help of virtual reality glasses.

Analysis of the results shows that the average change in stress of individuals while viewing non-biophilic images was approximately 5/2 units higher than biophilic ones in the second minute. p-Value is significant between individuals with education in biophilic state and rest in 1 minute and non-biophilic in 2 minutes. The difference between stress number in non-biophilic state and biophilic in 2 minutes is significant (p-value = 023/0) and shows the positive effect of biophilic approach on reducing stress that this efficiency can be considered in the design of future urban spaces.

Special attention of urban designers on the structure of spaces and the use of extraction measures from the biophilic model in different scales cause the design or organization of spaces that significantly reduce the stress of people living in cities

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of computer games on the pattern of brain waves in people with learning disabilities. This was a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population of this study was all students with mathematical and reading disabilities who referred to Tabriz Learning Disorders Centers in the academic year of 2019. The number of 30 students with these disabilities, ranging in age from 10 to 12 years, was used. Were randomly divided into two groups of math and reading experiments; then both groups were evaluated for alpha and theta waves (pre-test), and then the experimental group for 20 45-min sessions, with The Persian version of BRAIN TRAIN's SOUND SMART Training Game received the related training and finally to evaluate the facial differences Taken, the above test was repeated for both experimental groups (post-test). The data were analyzed using Neuroguid software. The analysis of the present data showed that computer games have a significant effect on beta and theta brain waves in a way that decreases theta and increases beta (P<0/01). It is concluded that computer games can be used to promote people with mathematical learning and reading disabilities.

The aim of this study investigated the effect of aesthetics on exposure to artworks.

This study was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this study was all male students of Islamic Art University of Tabriz in the year 2019. At first, randomly, 30 people were selected from those who were eligible for testing, then three group of images presented in three stages (one of the group have images are without aesthetics' rules and next the images were photographs in history of photography and the end, important painting's in history of art) At the same time, quantitative electroencephalography was recorded in the delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and all stages were calculated using SPSS version 23 software.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference in alpha frequency in three group images presentation (P <0.01).

Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that the aesthetic rules are efficient when viewers is looking to art works.

Design activity typically refers to a specific set of creative processes and tasks that work by the designers to improve a complex problem and usually provide a principal gateway to them. This process can be performed with the help of one or several people. However, recently the critical trend of co-creation in design has been instantly recognized as an undeniable approach that enhances the quality, speed, and precision of design and ideas. As the term "co-creation" It means creativity in team-working in which a team collaboration to solve a problem or valuable present a brilliant idea. Considering the importance of this issue in the academic environment, and due to the ill effects of this type of activity on learning and education, there has been considerable attention by individuals, especially students and researchers. Properly considering the theoretical foundations, this study seeks to explain this critical question, what endure the relationship between mental models and their impact on the tendency of industrial designers to team-working and progressively improve the design quality? This study was to investigate the cause and effect of the four mental models included: Goel-oriented, Unitarianism, Functionalism, and Stable-oriented on the tendency to industrial designers in team-working and cross-validation in the design workshop. This academic research is a correlation type of descriptive-analytic study. The statistical population was formed through a targeted sampling of all industrial design master students in all IRANIAN state universities between 2017 to 2019 and, also their bachelor's degree was in industrial design. Consequently, we designed mixing questionnaires, and 54 designers that had these study conditions were examined. The measurable results were analyzed by SPSS 21. Consistent findings of this study showed that among the four mental models, except for the Goal-oriented mental model with a significance level of 0/407, mental models of Unitarianism and Functionalism were significantly less than 0.05 in Team-working Students and they retained a direct relationship with them. Also, the Stable-oriented mental model with a correlation coefficient of 0/372 and a significant number of 0/006 at the level of 0/01 was significant and considered as the dominant model among the four mental models. In the second phase, the study was validated in a 7-day focus group design workshop on pre-training and post-training mental models in the form of a patient transfer device. Comparison of morphological analysis Results of pre-training and post-training designs concerning the short time of the workshop still indicated a notable qualitative difference. The results showed that by focusing on reinforcing the mental patterns of industrial designers, in addition to increasing the tendency to teamwork, the design quality could be more acceptable. The mental patterns and individual thoughts are also considered as effective factors in the formation of teamwork, especially among students. According to the results, academic managers and Teachers can concentrate on the mental models of Unitarianism, Functionalism, and Stable-oriented. This will increase collaboration between industrial design students and leads to an increase in professional industrial designers’ co-creation and their willingness to teamwork.

Abstract Goal: 

The goal of present study is to investigate the influence of innovative toys of Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults on creativity in primary school students in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years in Isfahan City in 1396-97. 

For this study the pre-test and post-test method is used with two group of controlled one and the experimental one. So that a group of 15 participants including students who were present in the playing sessions and 15 participants who were in the control group. The aimed group participants who were primary school students in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years in Isfahan City in 1396-97 were selected by purposive sampling method (in this method the samples are selected randomly). To evaluating the student’s creativity, the form B questionnaire of Torrance4 was used. For analyzing the data, the SPSS software, version 21, and the Multivariate covariance analysis was used. 

Data analysis shown that there is significant differences between the average of scores in pre-test and post-test for both control and experimental groups, in a way that using creative toys causing a raise in creativity for the study group. 

according to the positive effects of creative toys in students creativity, this study shown that the educational instructors can use these kinds of toys as a mean of amusement which is creative and educational and also effective to help students in developing their creativity. Also can pay attention to the other aspects including experience and skills in these toys. However, this area still needs the expert designers’ more supports.

The current study has been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-based couple therapy on resilience and cognitive fusion in couples seeking divorce in Tabriz city.

This research was a quasi-experimental design. The statistical population of the study was all couples seeking divorce in Tabriz in 2021. 30 of them were purposefully selected. Resilience and fusion questionnaires and emotion-based couple therapy protocol were used in order to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistical methods of multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that emotion-focused couple therapy increases resilience and decreases cognitive integration, which is significant at the level of P <0.1.

Based on the results of this study, emotion-oriented couple therapy can be used as an effective intervention for couples seeking divorce.

Smoking is considered a gateway to drug use and other risky behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of images (neutralized and warning) on tobacco product packaging on brain wave patterns of smokers.

A semi-experimental study was designed. The statistical population included all male students of Tabriz University in 2017-18. The alpha-peak, theta, alpha, SMR, and beta frequency bands of these individuals were quantitatively recorded. Data were then analyzed by repeated-measures analysis using SPSS version 21 software.

The results showed that the main effect of recording position (P <0.001), the main effect of the frequency band (P <0.001), and the interactive effect of recording position and frequency band (P <0.001) were significant. Warning images were more effective than neutral images. The mean beta was 10.21 for warning images, 8.03 for neutral images, and 7.25 for resting.

Designers should revise the structure of alert messages on cigarette packs such as the plot, size, and type of images, reform items such as repeating the message image and neutralizing the image, and pay low attention to the attractiveness of the brand.
 

Computer games today have been widely used to improve cognitive performance. Selective attention is one of the cognitive skills whereby individuals can process certain events from among several driving factors and neglect others. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of computer game style on first-person shooting style on the level of selective attention (visual focus).

This study was a experimental study with experimental groups (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The game was designed in the style of a first person sniper controlled by the eye tracker as an input tool. Data analysis was performed using univariate covariance analysis.

There was no significant difference between the two groups before the study (P=0.502). After participating in the study, the visual concentration in the control group did not change significantly (P=0.001), meaning that the game scores improved after the intervention.

It seems that the first-person shooter computer game using an eye-tracking tool improves visual focus may be through a cognitive-rehabilitation process.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback-based virtual scenarios in form of a computer game in healthy individuals.

The design of this study was experimental and the statistical population was all male students of Tabriz Islamic Art University in 2019. The sampling estimation was based on Cohen's table and a sample of  24 volunteers was included in the study. To collect data they were tested in three groups include positive(reward), negative(punishment) and Competitive(effect on the opponent) reinforcement. The attention level of each player and hisher performance are collected through electroencephalogram(EEG) and recorded by the multithread structure of the game. In designed   scenarios, the threshold of each individual's concentration is used to regulating the flow of the gameplay, thus the attention training process is adjusted to the same person's brain activity. In order to test the hypotheses of this research, a user study has been conducted; The results were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 21 software.

The results showed that competitive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and positive reinforcement are effective in increasing attention level. Also, analyzing the data from the user experience questionnaire showed that designed scenarios are capable to immerse players in the gameplay and engage them with the training flow.

using BCI based game and neurofeedback result in increasing the efficiency of attention training.

Virtual reality (VR) is an attempt to remove the boundaries between real and virtual space. It is a computer environment that mimics real-world scenarios and, of course, a fun platform that can be appealing to children with cerebral palsy. The present study aims to investigate the effect of video games in a virtual reality environment on motor function of children with cerebral palsy.

The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with a control group. Thirty patients with cerebral palsy were selected in Tabriz city in 2019 and were divided into two groups of experimental and control (15 in each). The experimental group received 20 minutes of 45-minute sessions using video games in virtual reality environments; however, the control group did not receive any intervention. In the end, to evaluate the differences, the above test (post-test) was performed again for both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS-23 software. In addition to descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The data analysis showed that video games in a virtual reality environment had a significant effect on the motor function of children with cerebral palsy (p<0/01).

According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that virtual reality video games can be used as a complementary therapy along with other conventional treatments for people with cerebral palsy.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of rehabilitation games on increasing continuous attention.

The research design was based on Quasi-experimental with two experimental groups. Statistical population of this research consisted of students in Islamic Art University of Tabriz in 1398. 30 of whom were selected and divided into two groups of 15 each. 15 persons played with the rehabilitation games and 15 patients did not intervene with the game. The data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups (p <0.001) which is showing the rehabilitation game has improved the level of attention.

This study shows that rehabilitation game can be used as an effective method in individuals to increase attention

In this study, a user interface was designed based on anger management to create a medium by access to which the user may control or decrease his/her anger against the individual causing the anger. The tools and audio-visual effects presented in the game were devised to release furious emotions of the user and in certain states, to examine the result of provocation of anger in the user. This study aims to investigate the impact of video game on anger management and control against a particular person.

This study involved the two experimental and control groups with the subjects selected from students of Tabriz Islamic Art University, Iran. 10 students were selected and assigned to the two groups (5 in each group). The experimental group received the game, but the control group did not receive it. The final data was analyzed using the univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Based on the data analysis, there was a significant difference in the mean scores in the pretest and posttest stages for the experimental and control group, (P = 0.050), so that the game led to some development in anger management towards a special person.

Overall, this study showed that “Inside Me” game can be used as an effective method to improve the ability of prevention of anger towards a certain person.

Creativity, is one of the great features of human thinking. One of the creative support strategies in cognitive education and increasing creativity is designing educational space. The educational space designed to enhance creativity should provide students with the opportunity to learn by being in a position beyond the classroom. Accordingly, the educational space designed based on cognitive education should, while acquainting students with creativity in solving problems, invite them to discovery and search and encourage them to experience and manipulate phenomena. One of the main priorities of the cognitive education is strengthening students' creativity and increasing their ability to solve open problems.  Also, creativity and initiative are very important for the scientific growth and development of the country. A society that can provide creativity for the younger generation, especially students, will certainly benefit from scientific growth and prosperity. As the authority, ministry of education can create a suitable platform for the intellectual development of students in this regard. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal design of the educational environment for the promotion of creativity.

The present study was a correlational design that was carried out using a precondition method. The statistical population of this study was all high school students in Tabriz during the academic year of 2017-18. 370 of them were selected as the sample and the questionnaire of optimal design of educational space and creativity was distributed among them. Data were collected using SPSS software version 19 cases were analyzed. Statistical analysis of the data was Pearson correlation coefficient and regression.

The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between variation in space detail, the use of natural materials, variability in coloration, variety in lighting, flexible and flexible space, and the existence of flower and plant with cognitive creativity. This difference is significant at P

The design of educational spaces, such as schools, is valuable because, on average, each person spends about 14,000 hours of their lives in the educational space, from elementary school to high school. However, many school buildings have been severely damaged for a variety of reasons, which is inconsistent with the attractive environment for increased creativity. In such educational spaces the physical space of the school and the environment of the students' souls and minds cause fatigue, disruption of concentration, and indiscipline in scholars, and therefore the realization of the desired goals in the field of creativity, encounter new problems. The diversity of natural elements has a great impact on promoting children's creativity. For example, plants with different shapes, colors, and sizes of flowers and leaves in different seasons contribute to space diversity, as well as different colors of the light spectrum using colored glass or creating pools of water, waterfalls, aquariums, and fountains would contribute to variety. Playing with water, planting plants by oneself and the like have a great impact on promoting motivation and releasing emotions and can be a good facilitator for student participation in group activities. Based on the findings of this study, educational providers are recommended to consider environmental components and external education in students' creativity, and take into account students' and students' environments.