دکتر احمد جهانگیری

There are discontinuous outcrops of volcanic rocks in the West Azarbaijan province and in the north of Maku city. These volcanic complex were bimodal and compose of acidic and basic lava and pyroclastic rocks. Mineral chemistry studies show that clinopyroxenes in the studied rocks are diopside. These pyroxenes have a high magnesium number (0.87 to 0.99). Magma series and tectonic determination diagrams show that the basaltic rocks that make up the studied clinopyroxenes have an alkaline nature and were formed in a whitin plate environment. According to geothermobarometry studies, clinopyroxenes were formed at temperature 1100 - 1250 ° C and pressure of 3 - 9 Kbar. The depth for generation of magma was at about 22 kilometers.

The Bostanabad-Hashtrood gabbro-diorite intrusive body in the south of Tikmehdash has intruded the Eocene volcanic-sedimentary rocks. The chemistry of the constituent minerals in this intrusive body shows that the plagioclases and clinopyroxenes have labradoritic and diopsidic composition, respectively, and are accompanied by the subordinate amounts of Mg-rich biotite and gangue minerals. The chemistry of the existing diopsides in these rocks indicates that their parent magma belongs to subalkaline magmatic series with a continental arc tectonic setting. The thermometric considerations showed that the clinopyroxene was crystallized at temperatures around 1200°C. Based on AlVI content (0.048-0.102) in the crystal lattice of the clinopyroxenes, it was ascertained that this mineral was formed under the pressure range of 6 to 9 kbars equivalent to depths between 19 and 28 km. Additionally, this study revealed that the clinopyroxenes in these rocks were formed from a magma which contained 10% water. The presence of some ferric iron in these clinopyroxenes with titanomagnetite is indicative of high oxygen fugacity in the parent magma.

Granodiorite and dioritic intrusive rocks (Middle Eocene age) intruded the Lower-Middle Eocene volcanic rocks at the northern parts of the Torud-Chah Shirin volcano-plutonic belt in north east of Iran. This granodiorite is intruded by small rhyolitic dome in the Damghan turquoise-gold mine. According to all data, these intrusive rocks are related to a common source. The primary magma evolved by the assimilation, fractional crystallization, contamination (AFC) and magma mixing during the ascent. These processes formed granodiorite, diorite and rhyolitic magmatic rocks. Fractional crystallization of olivine, zircon, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and hornblende has been effective in the formation of granodioritic magma. Crustal contamination and fractional crystallization of apatite and Ca- plagioclase have played a major role in the formation of rhyolitic magma. Potassic feldspar has been present until the last stages of magma evaluation. In addition to the field evidences, present of apatite needles solid inclusions in plagioclase, corrosion, and oscillatory- reverse zoning in zoned plagioclases, enclave type and geochemical characteristics of whole rock (Nb/Y, Nb/Zr to Nb, Rb/Sr and Sr/Zr ratios) (Zr/Rb to Rb / Sr) confirm mixing between mafic and granodioritic magmas.

Based on field studies and petrography, two intrusive masses are exposed in the area. One of them has an acidic composition (granitoid rocks) and the other has an alkaline-intermediate composition (gabbroid rocks). Plutonic masses of Oligocene have penetrated in to the Cretaceous volcanic units. Therefore, in this research, an attempt is made to study the volcanic rocks and intrusive masses of the region in terms of geochemistry, petrogenesis, the genetic relationship of volcanic and plutonic massifs, as well as the tectonic environment of the location.
After field operations in the study area using aerial photographs and 1: 100000 maps of Varzeqan, samples were taken from the rocks of the area. 60 samples of low-altered rocks were collected from the area and used for petrographic studies and 13 samples were selected for chemical analysis by ICP-MS method.
The selected samples were sent to Canada and analyzed in Actlabs Laboratory. Finally, using geochemical studies and field and petrographic studies, the magmatic series was determined and the data were analyzed and interpreted.
This area, in the context of the structural subdivision geological zone of Iran, has been assigned to Western Alborz-Azerbaijan zone. The oldest rock outcrops in the area belong to the Cretaceous, which includes andesitic lava flow and plutonic masses in Oligocene which have penetrated in to the Cretaceous volcanic units. The composition of pluton is gabbro-diorite, diorite, quartz diorite, quartz monzodiorite, quartz monzonite, monzonite and granite. The essential minerals of intrusion include quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite and amphibole with granular texture. The intrusion is through several dikes with diorite, micro-diorite, lamprophyre and aplitic composition. 
Enrichment of Pb, Th and U are related to mantle metasomatism and/or contamination by continental crust. 
Negative anomalies of Ti, P and Eu can be related to the crystallization of ilmenite and apatite minerals in the primary stage of differentiation.
According to discrimination diagrams, the studied plutons were formed in the volcanic arc (VAG) and post collisional environment.
The Kalasurs intrusive complex, with Oligocene age, is located in SW of the Kaleybar city, NW Iran and in Western Alborz-Azerbaijan zone. The oldest rock outcrops in the area belong to Cretaceous, include andesitic lava flow and plutonic masses. Oligocene sub volcanic bodies have penetrated Cretaceous volcanic units. The plutons are gabbro-diorite, diorite, quartz diorite, quartz monzodiorite, quartz monzonite, monzonite and granite. These bodies are intruded by several dikes with diorite, micro-diorite, lamprophyre and aplitic composition. The studied samples are calc-alkaline, peraluminous to metaluminous and show I-type characteristics. The spider and REE diagrams’ fractionated patterns and high ratio of LREE/HREE, indicate that source magma could be generated from melting of garnet-lherzolite. According to discrimination diagrams, the studied plutons were formed in the volcanic arc) VAG) and post collisional environment.

The study of tectonic structures of volcanic areas is very effective in controlling the hazards caused by their reactivation. In this study, while introducing the different types of Sahand volcanic products and how they are deposited in the areas around the volcano, stratigraphy, lithology and how these deposits are deposited in different Sahand valleys using field and laboratory studies are discussed. According to field evidence, the Sahand volcanic complex is formed in a continental environment with shallow and calm local lakes with an area of 7200 square kilometers with a maximum altitude of 3595 meters above sea level in northwestern Iran between Tabriz and Maragheh. The activity of this volcanic mass began in the mid-Miocene and continues until the late Pleistocene. The study area is located in the West Alborz-Azerbaijan zone and is an important part of the Arab-Eurasian plate collision area. After the closure of Neotetis in the late Cretaceous and the continuation of plate convergence and its intensification in the Pliocene, significant shortening, thickening and elevation occurred in the crust of northwestern Iran and eastern Turkey, and at the same time, extensive Plio-Quaternary volcanic activity formed. Due to uplift, numerous fractures and faults occurred in the area between the broken areas and due to the dominance of tensile forces and movement along the faults, especially the faults along with the slip and stretched basins, the intersection of faults, and fold axes. Estimated values of quality coefficient in the study area show that most of the areas in the study area are active areas in terms of tectonic location and tectonic seismicity. According to the results obtained in this study, the Sahand volcano and its surrounding regions are characterized by relatively low and a high gradient of can be observed in the region. The relationship between quality coefficient for North Tabriz fault and surrounding areas including Sahand volcano Qc = 49.00 ƒ 132 is estimated to have a much greater reduction than other areas, which indicates high heterogeneity and high meat heat flow in the active and seismic zone of the northern Tabriz fault and the surrounding areas.

Sahand volcanic complex is located in the south of Tabriz and east of Urmia Lake and includes an alternation of lava, igneous materials and clastic sediments that were affected by many folds and fractures. Sahand volcano is relatively young in age (Miocene to Pliocene) and its structure is somewhat intact. Consequently, where there is a good lateral continuity, facies and volcanological studies can be carried out in the upper part of the complex. Based on these studies, it was determined that the Sahand volcanic structure can be divided into four central, near, medium and distant facies. Facies studies show that the structure of Sahand Volcano was created by several explosive phases, some of which were associated with water intrusion and there was not much time between eruptions. Characteristics, such as severe welding and discoloration of pyroclastic deposits show that these units had a high temperature at the time of formation and were formed on land. Overall, Sahand volcanic eruptions were more explosive, and thus, the number of pyroclastic deposits is much higher than lava flows. In the central, near and middle facies of Sahand, no traces of younger hydrothermal activities can be found, and only in the distant facies, there is a hot spring (Bostan Abad), the relationship of which needs further study to prove the connection of these springs with the Sahand Volcano.

Sub-volcanic diorite and granodiorite intrusive bodies (Middle Eocene) and dome shaped rhyolite have intruded into Lower to Middle Eocene volcanic rocks in Torud-Chah Shirin magmatic segment. The granodiorite plutons and rhyolitic dome host turquoise and gold mineralization in Damghan mine. Intrusive bodies display characteristics of high potassium CA and meta-aluminous (diorite and some of granodiorite samples) to per-aluminous (rhyolite and some of granodiorite samples). Comparison of TiO2-La-Hf and Zr-Nb-Ce / P2O5 values, as well as Rb to Y + Nb ratios indicate that magmatism is related to post-collisional tensional regime after closure of Neotethys. On the other hand, the metasomatism of  mantle due to the fluids release from subducted oceanic slab has caused  high ratio of LILE / HFSE with negative anomalies of Ti, Nb and Ta in magma. Partial melting of the metasomatized mantle has led to the formation of primary magma, which eventually has generated diorite, granodiorite, and rhyolite magmas by fractional crystallization, crustal assimilation and magma mixing

there are Discontinuous outcrops of volcanic rocks in the northern regions of Maku. The volcanic rocks were metamorphosed in the green schist facies. These volcanic complex were bimodal and compose of acidic and basic lava and pyroclastic rocks. The lava of this unit covers the Cambrian and equivalent of Lashkarak rock units and is progressively covered by Devonian dolomitic units. The geochemical data of metabasic and metarhyolite rocks signify transitional to alkaline nature of the primary magma and they have a negative gradient of REE and LREE / HREE ratio of those rocks are high and enriched inHFS elements. Metarhyolite rocks are similar to the rift setting rhyolites (A1-Type). Geochemical data indicate that the studied rocks are due to fractional crystallization of basic magma with crustal contamination, and in particular, the studied rocks have a genetic relationship and originate from a commen magma. The magma of the studied rocks generated by 3-10 percent partial melting of an enriched garnet peridotitic mantle source in an intra-continental extensional rift setting. This tectonic setting is concordant with the known extensional rift setting governed on other parts of Iran during the early Paleozoic, primary stages of generation and development of the Paleotethys.

The plutonic body of Bostanabad-Meyaneh belt formed during the Cenozoic magmatism on the weast Alborz-Azarbaijan zone. The Oligocene plutonic rocks consist of alkaligranite, granodiorite and biotitegranite, intruded into the Eocene volcanic-sedimentary rocks. The predominant textures are granular, graphic and perthite. Geochemical evidence reveals that they are cogenetic and have features typical of calk-alkaline to high-K calk-alkaline, metaluminous with I-type nature. Enrichment in LILE (i.e. Cs, K, Rb and Th) rather than HFSE (Eg., Nb, Zr and Ti), typical negative anomalies of Nb and Ti and LREE enrichment in comparison to HREE, are important characteristics indicating that these rocks were formed in a magmatic belt in a subduction zone. Positive anomalies of Pb and K demonstrate the involvement of continental crust in evolution of parental magma. During magma ascent, assimilation processes, fractional crystallization and crustal contamination (AFC) took place simultaneously. Tectonic discrimination diagrams show formation of these rocks in VAG, Syn-COLG event and an mature continental arc setting with less than 45 Km crustal thickness. Primitive magmas should have formed by low degree melting of an enriched mantle wedge peridotite.

The study area is located at the Mishow mountain ranges in NW Marand town. The main outcropping rocks are Pliocene volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. Lamprophyre, mica pyroxenite, amphibolite and carbonate rocks occure as xenoliths within andesites. The main rock forming minerals for lamprophyre xenolith are coarse grained biotite, clinopyroxene and rare plagioclase within a matrix composed of the same crystals with porphyric and hyaloporphyric textures. These can be classified as kersantite. Mica pyroxenite xenolith is composed of clinopyroxene, biotite, plagioclase, (±) hornblende and opaque phases. Plagioclase, clinopyroxene as well as rare amphibole and biotite are seen as scattered magmatic crystals within carbonate matrix in the carbonate xenolith. On the basis of mineral chemistry of clinopyroxene, magma nature for the lamprophyre and mica pyroxenite xenoliths has been detremined as calc-alkaline. Clinopyroxene composition indicates high fugacity of oxygen for lamprophyre and mica pyroxenite xenoliths. The estimated temperatures are 1100C-1200C, 1080C-800C for mica pyroxenite and lamprophyre respectively at pressures of 5-10 kbar. The pressure and temperature of amphibolite xenolith have been estimated based on amphibole geothermobarometer as 750-800 (±12oC) and 6.2±0.6 kbar, respectively.

The Muth-Golpayegan metamorphic complex is situated at north of Golpayegan city in the Isfahan province. This complex is constituted from different metamorphic rocks including variety of pelitic schists, amphibolite, gneiss, quartzite and marble. Garnet schists are dominant lithology in the area and contain different minerals, such as garnet, quartz, chlorite, muscovite, biotite, staurolite, andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite. Lepidoblastic, porphyroblastic, poikiloblastic, augen and millipede are the main textures in these rocks. The degree of metamorphism increases from SW to NE in a way that slate and phyllite at SW change gradually to chlorite schist, biotite schist, garnet schist, staurolite schist, sillimanite schist and kyanite schist. The occurrence of these schists is accompanied by appearance of chlorite, biotite, garnet, staurolite, sillimanite and kyanite mineralogical zones in the field. The succession of these zones is compatible with Barrovian regional metamorphic gradient. Chlorite, biotite and garnet zones belong to the greenschist facies and staurolite, sillimanite and kyanite zones belong to the amphibolite facies. Temperature range calculated for these rocks by garnet-biotite thermometry is 471-581 C. This metamorphic gradient is a result of continental collision.

The Muteh-Golpayegan metamorphic complex consist of different metamorphic rocks including pelitic, semi-pelitic, carbonate, quartz-feldspathic and basic metamorphosed rocks. The metapelitic rocks include chlorite schist, biotite schist, garnet schist, staurolite schist, kyanite schist, sillimanite schist and andalusite schist. The semi-pelitic rocks contain higher amounts of quartz and lower amounts of mica. Apart from the main minerals in the rocks, which are quartz, muscovite, biotite, chlorite, garnet, staurolite, sillimanite, kyanite and andalusite, some samples contain considerable amounts of tourmaline as minor mineral. Tourmaline was studied in one pelitic sample and one semi-pelitic sample with high quartz content.  Tourmaline in both lithologies contain high amounts of Na+K relative to Ca in the X crystallographical site, indicating alkaline tourmalines for the studied samples. Low Ca contents points to low uvite content or limited Ca(Fe,Mg)(Na,Al)-1 substitution. The Al content is higher than 6 atoms per formula unit (6.519-6.968), making them Al-bearing tourmalines. Tourmaline in the pelitic samples is schorl, with igneous origin from detrital tourmalines in granitoids, while tourmaline in semi-pelitic sample is dravite with metamorphic origin, more likely formed during regional metamorphism in the Golpayegan area.

The Malayer-Boroujerd-Shazand district (approximately 70 km long) is located in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone with NW-SE trending, and consist mainly of hornfels, schist, phyllite, migmatite, granite and granodiorite which contain numerous pegmatite and aplitic dykes. Among these rocks, granodiorite, hornfels and schist are main host rocks for quartz, feldspar, muscovite and tourmaline bearing pegmatites. The tourmaline composition is schorlite- foitite type with tendency to dravite in Shazand tourmaline which show magmatic-hydrothermal origin, and located in alkali and site-vacancies. These tourmalines in the Fe/ (Fe + Mg) vs MgO diagram are located above and below 0.8 which proved tourmalines are magmatic and hydrothermal. Magmatic evidences are dominantly schorlite tourmaline composition, increase in octahedral Al content, higher Fe content than Mg and presence of more sample between alkali-deficient and proton-deficient tourmaline vectors. Presence of zoning in tourmaline, vein form pegmatite, increase of Mg in some samples and being away from alkali-deficient and proton-deficient tourmaline vectors are evidences for hydrothermal origin of tourmaline.

Qezelbalaq Arsenic ore deposite is located in Hashtrud, 120 km from southeast of Tabriz. In this district effect of dacitic Sahand domes on sandy limestones and Qom formation sandstone with Oligomiocene age and pyroclacitic units with Miocene age leads to formation of various types of alteration such as Silicic, phyllic, intermediate argillic, advanced argillic and dolomitization. It seems that Arsenic mineralization has occurred in two main step: 1) Pyrite± Chalcopyrite± Arsenopyrite that are consistent with phyllic zone. Fluide responsible mineralization have high temperature (nearly 250 centigrade degree) and fs2 between 10-15 to 10-20 and 2) Pyrite± Native arsenic± Realgar± Orpiment± Galena± Stibnite wich are consist with intermediate argillic and advanced argillic zones. Hydrothermal fluid in this stage has lower temperature (nearly between 180 to 210 centigrade degree) with fs2 between 10-7.8 to 10-13. These assemblage are associated with hematite, diaspore, kaolinite, alunite and arsenolite. Average of arsenic grade in phylilc zone is 655 ppm and in argillic zone is 11930 ppm. Mass change calculation indicate enrichment in many metals such as As, Sb, Hg, Ag and Au. According to geochemical studies, As, Hg and Sb are pathfinder for probebly Porphyry copper mineralization and gold in study area.

For protection of Urmia lake causeway embankment, were used Zanbil and Eslami mountains rocks. Study of these protecting rocks in point of view weathering and demolition are important. The Urmia lake water is very saline and penetrating saline water to rocks texture and salt crystallization is the one of main reasons for rocks weathering and demolition.
In this paper the influence of litological aspects on the strength and durability of volcanic rocks in Urmia Lake Causeway based on field studies and sampling and pertographical studies and some physical and mechanical tests was considered. Rocks of west side of the causeway were obtained from Zanbi Mountain and the rocks of east side of the cause way were obtained from Islamic island. The most of used rocks are consisted of trachyte, andesite, basalt, tephrite, agglomerate and latite. The Islamic island rocks, except andesite, experienced more weathering. Texture properties like particle size and weathering type has more effect on strength and durability on used rocks. Increasing of particle size is causing decrease of strength and durability. The rocks of eastern side of the causeway due to porphyry texture and the occurrence chemical weathering before using in causeway, with high porosity and high water absorption is severe and deeper than weathering of western part rocks. Also the existence of clay minerals that was produced from weathering is caused low density in the Islamic island rocks.

The basaltic prisms assemblages of Poshtsar are located in the south-eastern of Germi city and include of mafic volcanic rocks such as olivine basalt. They are outcropped with about 1000 meters thickness in the eastern part to 10 meters thicknes in the western part of Moghan. The main minerals of these rocks are olivine phenocrysts, clinopyroxene (augite) and plagioclase. The dominant textures of the rocks studied are microlitic and microlitic porphyritic. According to geochemical diagrams, the study rocks were originated from an alkaline magma. Spider diagrams show that the parent magma has been enriched in LREE/HREE ratio and LILE to primordial mantle which indicates enrichment of mantle source of the parent magma The magma of the studied rocks were generated from garnet lherzolite in depth of around 100 Km. It seems these basalts have been formed in Back-arc basin due to subduction of the eastern Black Sea (northern branch of Neo-Tethys) beneath the Armenian microcontinent.

Alkaline volcanic rocks of the northwest of Marand with Plio-Quaternary age are located in the northern part of Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc. These rocks have a distinct enrichment in LILE and LREE and depletion in HFSE (such as Ta and Nb) and high Ba/Ta and Ba/Nb ratios, which are among the characteristics of subduction zones. The majority of hornblenditic autholiths and hornblenditic xenoliths are placed inside the trachy andesite rocks and the trachy basaltic andesite rocks. These autholiths and xenoliths, which have a cumulate texture, are classified into two groups based on the amount of plagioclase mineral. In Group 1, the amount of plagioclase is less than 10% and contains amphibole and biotite as the main minerals. Considering, contents of Cr and Ni, REE trend shape and the chemical composition of minerals, it seems that the origin of magma for group 1(hornblenditic autholiths) is the same as magma of host volcanic rocks. In Group 2, the amount of plagioclase is more than 20% and contains amphibole, plagioclase and biotite as the main minerals. The combination of minerals of group 2 are not similar to group 1. Considering, combination of minerals, REE trend shape and contents of REE and contents of incompatible trace elements, it seems that the magma of group 2 (hornblenditic xenoliths) is derived from the mantle metasomatized with less enriched than group 1.

Systematic excavations of 2012 and 2014 at the Early Bronze Age site of Kohna Shahar, situated in northwestern quadrant of West Azerbaijan Province, have brought to light new evidence. The available data on the pottery from the site comes merely from surface surveys, and no archaeometric and mineralogical analyses have been undertaken on its pottery assemblage. The sample examined in the present work consisted of handmade black-gray, red and yellow ceramics of the late third millennium B.C., which derived from a single stratum and a single phase (settlement phase 5), and was selected by virtue of the typological variations that existed between some of the red ware instances and those of black-gray forms. Accordingly, mineralogical analysis was conducted and the similarities and dissimilarities between the two groups, i.e. black-gray and red forms, were established. Results of thin-section petrography and x-ray diffraction suggested that the examined sample had a similar composition and mineralogy, with the entire specimen having been locally manufactured. Both groups of the ceramics were fired below 850°C, and merely differed from each other in terms of and firing technique.

Gavdel intrusive body situated in NW Iran and NE of Urumieh-Dokhtar zone a part of Garehdagh, South-Arminian Zone (Arasbaran). The major outcrops of intrusive including granodiorite, monzonite accompanied with granodioritic dyke. The studied samples display granular texture with essential minerals of, plagioclase, K-feldspar, amphibole ± quartz ± clinopyroxene. Geochemically, the studied rocks characterized with SiO2 in the range of (59.1-67.8 wt%), Al2O3 (14.09-18.3 wt%) percent, high content Sr (507.18-1150 ppm), high ratios of Sr/Y (32.93-83.54), La/Yb (14.64 – 87.47) and low contents of Y (12.05-16.13 ppm), which can be indicate adakitic characters of studied rocks. These features of Gavdel intrusive display geochemical similarity with high SiO2 adakites (HAS) that comprise enriched LREE, LILE and depleted HFS elements such as Ta, Nb, and Ti. The fractionated REE pattern and low contents of HREE and Y can be related to occurrence of garnet or amphibole in residual source of adakitic magmas. High content of Sr and depletion of Ta, Nb and Ti can be related either to absent of plagioclase and presence of Fe-Ti oxides in melt residue or fractionation of titanomagnetite and amphibole minerals with respect to petrographic indications. Tearing of subduted slab and their partial melting in concert with crustal assimilation through magma arising can be produce adakitic magma in studied area and NW Iran.

Abstract In south of Tabriz, the Tertiary volcanic rocks have exposed in Oligocene-Miocene sedimentary deposits. The Sahand volcano is located in the NW of Iran. The volcano is stratovolcano and is dominated by pyroclastic materials and lava flows in the Miocene-Quaternary. The last eruptions included subvolcanic and volcanic domes with dacitic to rhyolitic composition. These rocks have petrological features including sieve texture and zoning in plagioclases. Common features in the young subvolcanic and volcanic rocks of the Sahand are abundance of plagioclase and amphibole, enrichment of Ba, Rb and Sr and negative Nb and Y anomalies in primitive mantle normalized multi element diagrams and enrichment of LREE relative to HREE in chondrite-normalized REE patterns. These characteristics and the location of the rocks studied in the Y-Sr/Y diagram implying adakitic composition for these rocks. Adakitic rocks of the Sahand are high SiO2 Adakitic rocks. These rocks have been derived from partial melts of garnet-bearing crustal sources (thickened lower continental crust or oceanic crust) and underwent magmatic evolution during their ascent. The formation of  studied rocks have been related to the Arabian-Eurasia collision zone.

We present new whole rock geochemical data for the Sahand dacite and rhyolite rocks lying in the south of Tabriz, and formed during the Oligo-Miocene period, when the collision between the Arabian and the Eurasian plates occurred following the subduction of Neo-Tethys ocean during the Cenozoic. The investigated rocks were emplaced into the late Cretaceous and Eocene sedimentary, volcano-clastic and volcanic rocks. The dacite and rhyolite rocks are characterized by low Y and high Sr concentrations and highly fractionated LREE/HREE patterns, the common characteristics of slab melt-derived adakites. Geochemical studies indicate that lava flows belong to calc-alkaline magmatic series and their parent magmas have not been subjected to extensive fractionated. The highly enrichment of LREE compared to HREE, high contents of LILE relative to HFSE and significant anomalies of Nb, P and Ti suggest a subduction-related volcanism. In the trace and major elements correlation diagrams, the Sahand samples are plotted in the field of high-Si adakite. Also, the Sahand adakites show higher MgO and Mg# contents. Which is interpreted as reflecting interactions between the ascending adakitic magma and the overlying mantle wedge. These rocks belong to the post-collisional arcs. In this tectonic setting, magma ascent is controlled by strike-slip faulting and associated pull-apart extensional tectonic.

A-Type granitoides of the East Misho, are per-aluminous to sub-aluminous rocks that formed by partial melting of lower crustal rocks. Their essential composed of quartz, K-Feldspar, plagioclase, amphibole and biotite and accessory minerals including alanite, zircon, apatite and Fe-oxide. REE normalize conderite pattern of the granitoids show the M-type tetrad effect and strong Eu depletion. All of petrographic and geochemical data show that both fractionation and crystallization REE-rich minerals and reaction of magma- fluids in late crystallization phenomena are the most important factors for tetrad effect formation in misho granitoides.