دکتر محمد سلطانی زاده

Genito-pelvic pain / penetration disorder is an involuntary contraction of the muscles of the outer third of the vagina that prevents intercourse and includes vaginismus and dyspareunia. The aim of this study was to analysis the interpretation of sex after treatment in women with penetration / genito-pelvic pain disorder. This research was a qualitative study with an interpretive approach and content analysis method. Based on purposive sampling method, data were collected from 9 women with this disorder who referred to the psychological clinic of Isfahan Abshar clinic from March 2017 to March 2017. Cultural-educational classes, sexual knowledge and sexual cognition and sexual excitement of women with this disorder were also examined before and after treatment. Data were collected using a semi-structured individual interview by a female interviewer. In this study, King and Harkes method was used for data analysis.The results showed that the classes of "cultural-educational", "sexual knowledge" and "sexual cognition and excitement classes" are among the effective factors in causing this disorder and "sexual knowledge", "cognition and sexual excitement" and " Improving the quality of sexual life "have been effective factors in the treatment.

Psychosomatic diseases disrupt patients’ mental order, leading to chronic psychological injuries. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of health-promoting behaviors in the relationship between perceived stress and sense of coherence with psychosocial adaptation to the disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

The research method was descriptive-correlational and utilized Structural Equation Modeling. The study’s statistical population included patients with IBS referred to therapy centers and gastroenterologists in Isfahan in the autumn and winter of 2020-21. The statistical population comprised 340 patients with IBS, selected using a convenient sampling method. The applied instruments included the Psycho-Social Adaptation to Disease Scale (PSADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SCQ) and Health Promoting Behaviors Questionnaire (HPBQ). Data analysis was conducted via Structural Equation Modeling and Bootstrap test using SPSS23 and AMOS23 statistical software.

The results showed that perceived stress, sense of coherence, and health-promoting behaviors directly affect psychosocial adaptation to disease (P<0.01). Furthermore, the results of the Bootstrap test showed that health-promoting behaviors have a significant mediation role in the relationship of perceived stress and sense of coherence with psychosocial adaptation to disease (P<0.01).

Clinical therapists must improve psychosocial adaptation to disease in patients with IBS by applying efficient psychological therapy methods such as Health Promoting Behaviors-based therapy.

The purpose of this research was to develop a model that could predict psychosocial ada​ptation to disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) based on perceived stress, sense of coherence, and the mediating function of self-compassion. Utilizing descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling, the research was conducted. Patients with IBS who were referred to therapy centers and gastroenterologists in the city of Isfahan between the autumn and winter of 2020-2021 constituted the statistical population of the study. The statistical population comprised 340 IBS patients selected using a method of convenient sampling. Psycho-Social Adaptation to Disease Scale (PSADS), Perceived Self-compassion Scale (PSS), Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SCQ), and Self-Compassion Questionnaire (SCQ) were among the instruments utilized. The data analysis was performed using SPSS and Amos software, version 23, in conjunction with path analysis and Bootstrap testing. Significant relationships were found between perceived stress, sense of coherence, self-compassion, and psychosocial adaptation to disease (p<0.01). Furthermore, perceived stress, and sense of coherence, and self-compassion all have a significant direct effect on psychosocial adaptation to disease (p<0.01). Additionally, the findings from the Bootstrap analysis indicated that self-compassion mediates the relationship between perceived stress, sense of coherence, and psychosocial adaptation to disease in a statistically significant manner (p<0.01). In conclusion, the model exhibited an adequate degree of fit. Given the substantial mediating influence of self-compassion, it is imperative that clinical therapists enhance the psychosocial adaptation of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by employing efficacious psychological therapy approaches, including self-compassion-based therapy.

 The study aimed to assess the impact of mindfulness-based psychotherapy on sexual desires, sexual anxiety, and sexual assertiveness in infertile women in Isfahan.

 The current study utilized a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest-posttest design and included a control group. The statistical population consisted of infertile women who were referred to the Isfahan Infertility Center in the autumn quarter of 2018. For this study, thirty individuals were selected using the available sampling method and then randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group, with fifteen participants in each group. The experimental group underwent an eight-session mindfulness-based psychotherapy program, each lasting sixty minutes, over the course of two months. The questionnaires utilized in the study were the Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire (MSQ) and the Hurlbert Index of Sexual Desire (HISD). Data analysis was conducted using analysis of covariance.

The analysis of covariance results revealed that mindfulness-based psychotherapy had a significant impact(P <0.05) on sexual desires, sexual anxiety, and sexual assertion in the experimental group compared to the control group. 

The results of this study indicate the impact of mindfulness-based psychotherapy on sexual desire, sexual anxiety, and sexual assertiveness in infertile women, suggesting it is an effective method.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of self-healing education on the spiritual well-being and positive and negative emotions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Isfahan, Iran.

This research was a semi-experimental study with two experimental and control groups by using pre-test-post-test and 2-month follow-up. The statistical population included all MS patients reffering to the treatment center in 2020, and the sample size consisted of 31 volunteers willing to participate in educational sessions who were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The range of participants’ age was between 18 and 54 years. All participants completed positive and negative emotions questionnaires (Watson, 1988) and spiritual well-being (Dehshiri, 2010) as pre-tests under similar conditions. Subsequently, self-healing education consisting of 14 weekly sessions in 60 minutes, was considered for the experimental group. To examine the effectiveness of self-healing education on positive and negative emotions, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to dtudy the effect of self-healing education on spiritual well-being, the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used due to non-establishment of the assumption of normal distribution of data.

The LSD pairwise comparisons test results showed no significant difference in positive emotion scores in the experimental group between the pre-test and post-test stages. However, significant differences were noted between the pre-test and follow-up, as well as between the post-test and follow-up stages. In examining the significance of the self-connection subscale in both the experimental and control groups, no significant difference was observed at all three stages in the control group. However, in the experimental group, a significant difference was evident at all three stages following the intervention. Also, the difference in overall spiritual well-being scores in the experimental group was significant between the pre-test and follow-up, with an increase in the follow-up period. Similarly, the difference in the connection to nature subscale in the experimental group was significant between the pre-test and follow-up, as well as between the post-test and follow-up stages, indicating a positive impact of the education. But no significant effect was observed on the individual's relationship with others, the individual's relationship with God, and the reduction of negative emotions.

The findings indicate that self-healing education improves spiritual well-being and positive emotions in MS patients. Participants likely improved their spiritual well-being in the area of self-connection by learning techniques such as spiritual elevation and inner richness, and accurately recognizing negative memories and their detrimental actions resulted in an improvement in their relationship with nature. It also appears that reducing inhibitory traits such as resentment and false beliefs leads to a change in attitude, strengthening willpower, and finding a better way to solve the problems. Additionally, tasks related to strengthening the 9 healing code may increase positive emotions.

This study aimed to predict academic procrastination based on academic resilience, intolerance of uncertainty, and positive and negative perfectionism with the mediating role of experiential avoidance. The method of this research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all male and female students of Payame Noor University of Isfahan who were studying in the first semester of 2019-2020. The sample group consisted of 200 people who were selected by purposive sampling. Subjects completed Solomon and Ruth Bloom's Academic Procrastination Scale (1984), Samoels Academic Resiliency Questionnaire (2004), Freeston et al Uncertainty Intolerance Questionnaire (1994), Try-short et al perfectionism scale, and Bond Experience Avoidance Questionnaire (2007). In order to analyze the data, SPSS-22, and AMOS-20 software’s and to confirm the research model, structural equation modeling was used. The results showed that resilience and positive perfectionism had a significant and inverse relationship with academic procrastination and intolerance of uncertainty, experiential avoidance and negative perfectionism had a significant and positive relationship with academic procrastination (P<0.01). The mediating role of experiential avoidance on the relationship between uncertainty intolerance and positive and negative perfectionism with academic procrastination was also confirmed. Therefore, in order to reduce students' academic procrastination and prevent its impact on academic performance, it is suggested to promote academic resilience, positive perfectionism and reduce uncertainty intolerance, negative perfectionism, and avoid the experience.

The present study was conducted to offer the model of predicting psychosocial adaptation to disease according to health-promoting behaviors with the mediation role of self-compassion in the patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).

The research method was descriptive-correlational and path analysis. The statistical population of the study included the patients with IBS who referred to therapy centers and gastroenterologists in the city of Isfahan in the autumn and winter of 2020-21. The statistical population included 340 patients with IBS who were selected through Convenience sampling method. The applied instruments included Psycho-Social Adaptation to Disease Scale (PSADS) (Drogits, 1986), Health Promoting Lifestyle Questionnaire (HPLQ) (Walker et al, 1987) and Self-Compassion Questionnaire (SCQ) (Neff, 2003). The data analysis was conducted via path analysis and Bootstrap test.

The results showed that health-promoting behaviors and self-compassion have significant relationship with psychosocial adaptation to disease (p<0.01). Moreover, health-promoting behaviors and self-compassion have direct significant effect on psychosocial adaptation to disease (p<0.01). Furthermore, the results of Bootstrap showed that self-compassion has a significant mediation role in the relationship of health-promoting behaviors with psychosocial adaptation to disease (p<0.01). Finally, the model had a suitable goodness of fit.

According to the results of the research, self-compassion has a significant mediating role between health-promoting behaviors and psychosocial adaptation to illness

Aging is one of the important stages of human development. Death anxiety and sleep quality are among the most common mental health issues in the elderly which can be improved by proper intervention. This study aims to assess the effect of self-healing training on sleep quality and death anxiety of older women living in nursing homes.

Methods & Materials: 

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest/posttest/follow-up phase. The study population consists of all older women aged 60-70 years living in a nursing home in Isfahan, Iran in 2020. Of these, 40 were selected using a convenience sampling method and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n=20). They were assessed by the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index before, immediately after, and 45 days after the intervention. The intervention group received a 12-session self-healing intervention while the control group was placed in a waiting list without receiving any intervention. The results were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software, version 24.

 The self-healing training significantly improved the components of death anxiety (fear of own death, fear of the process of own dying, fear of the death of others, and fear of the process of others dying) and some of sleep quality components (subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep disturbances, and use of sleeping medication) (P<0.05). These effects significantly remained constant in the follow-up phase in the components of fear of own death, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep disturbances and use of sleeping medication (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in other variables between the post-test and follow-up phases (P> 0.05).

 The self-healing training can reduce perceived death anxiety and improve sleep quality of older women living in nursing homes. It can be used as an effective educational method for improving the lifestyle and mental health of older women living in nursing homes.

Epilepsy - the most common chronic neurological disease of childhood - is unpleasant for family members, especially mothers, not to mention that they play key roles in the care and control of seizures . thereby suffering from high anxiety. Childhood onset epilepsy can have a very significant impact on family functioning with high rates of maternal anxiety and depression being reported , Such chronic diseases like epilepsy can also put the family at risk over a long period of time, as well as leading mothers to not paying enough attention to other aspects of life. Therefore, families having children with such disabilities are exposed to many stressors that can hinder family development. As well as impacting on the parents themselves, parental mental health symptoms can impact negatively on behavior in children with epilepsy underlining the need to identify and provide support for these problems.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness - based stress reduction on worry and quality of life in mothers of children with epilepsy. The design of this quasi -experimental study was pretest - posttest with a control group. The study population was all mothers of Children with Epilepsy in Isfahan. The sample of the study was 30 of these mothers who were purposefully selected from the Masih Epilepsy Society and randomly divided into 2 groups (experimental and control). The experimental group was trained in mindfulness - based stress reduction program (Based on theory Teasdale et al, 2007) for 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Also, after the end of the study, treatment was performed for the people in the control group. The Pennsylvania State worry Questionnaire (1990) and the ware& Sherbourne Quality of Life Questionnaire (1992) were used to collect data.

The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that educational intervention reduced worry and increased quality of life in two main dimensions (physical health and mental health) in mothers with epileptic children (p < 0. 05) .

Mindfulness - based stress reduction program can reduce worry and increase the physical and mental health of mothers with epileptic children. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use mindfulness - based stress reduction therapy as intervention method to reduce worry and increase physical and mental health in mothers of children with epilepsy.

Changes in the structure and function of the family are among the most interesting topics for psychologists. A number of reasons have led to single-parent families not being nuclear. The transformation of the nuclear family into a single-parent family can impact various aspects of the children's and adolescents’ development. This research aimed to compare executive function, working memory, and academic performance of female students from nuclear and single-parent families.

The research method was a causal-comparative type. The population included all female students in the first and second grades of secondary school in the 2017-2018 school year. Eighty female students (including 40 students from nuclear families and 40 students from single-parent families) were selected through multistage cluster sampling in two stages. The research instrument included the Wisconsin Test Software (Grant & Berg), students’ averages from the previous year, and the Wechsler Memory Scale (form A) (Wechsler). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and independent t-tests.

The results showed that female students in nuclear families scored higher than female students in single-parent families in executive functions, working memory and its subscales, and academic performance (P <0.01).

According to the research results, female students from single-parent families have lower executive functions, poorer working memory, and lower academic performance than students from nuclear families due to the absence of a parent in the family, which can contribute to a reduced social support system and lower socioeconomic status. Therefore, these problems can be solved through education and family counseling and the implementation of special rehabilitation programs for this group of students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the family atmosphere, mother-daughter relationship, social skills, and mothers' mental disorders in predicting child abuse of high school female students. The research design was a correlational. The statistical population consisted of 55766 Isfahan high school female students and their mothers in the academic year of 2017-2018 using a multistage cluster sampling method, 250 were selected. The research tools consisted of Questionnaire of Family Emotional Condition (Hill Burn, 1964), the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Fine, Moreland & Schwebel, 1983), the Teenage Inventory of Social Skills Questionnaire (Inderbitzen & Foster, 1992), the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979) and Child Abuse Questionnaire (Nourbakhsh, 2012). The data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis, and the final step of regression analysis showed that mother-daughter relationship and mothers' mental disorders were 10.6% were able to predict child abuse at the level (P <0.01). The results of this study indicate the importance of the mother's role in the prevention of child abuse of females. Therefore, researchers and planners in the field of psychosocial issues can provide a space to reduce this problem by formulating educational, preventive, and therapeutic programs.

The successful elderly seems to be one of the main concepts in gerontology. The elderly is a biological process experienced by all living beings, including humans. The quality of life may affect the elderly’s health. Accordingly, the current study was to determine the effectiveness of self-healing training on the quality of life among the elderly in 2020. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all women living in a nursing homes in Isfahan, Iran, among whom 40 were selected using convenience sampling and according to the inclusion criteria, by a public call in the mentioned boarding nursing homes, and assigned randomely into two groups (20 members each). The measure applied in the present study was Ware and Sherbourne’s quality of life questionnaire. Latifi and Marvi’s self-healing training was performed for the experimental group during twelve 60-minute sessions. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) by using SPSS-24 software. The results demonstrated that self-healing training had positive effects on the components of quality of life (including physical function, role limitation due to physical reasons, energy and vitality, emotional well-being, physical pain and general health) in the experimental group compared to the control group significantly in the post-test (p<0.05) and these effects had remained significantly constant in the follow-up phase (p<0.05). However, there was found no significant difference in the other components of quality of life (including limitation of role playing due to emotional reasons and social functioning), both in the posttest and follow-up stages (p>0.05). According to the results of the present study, it can be mentioned that the self-healing approach improves the quality of life and increases the elderly’s general health by reducing the physiological stress through methods of treating destructive cellular memories, improving lifestyle and teaching relaxation techniques.

The growing recognition of regulation of motivation as an important part of the self-regulation with a direct impact on learning requires more careful assessment to aid the learning process and therefore, valid tools are needed. This study endeavored to explore Psychometric properties of Brief Regulation of Motivation Scale (BRoMS).

The population of this cross sectional study was the students of Isfahan Medical University in the second semester of the academic years of 2019-2020, of which 400 student (155 boys and 245 girls) were selected by cluster sampling method and they responded to Brief regulation of motivation scale (BRoMS), Harter Educational Motivation Questionnaire (HEMQ) and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ).

Cronbach's alpha coefficient of BRoMS was obtained through internal consistency method (.92) and by split-half method (.88) which shows appropriate reliability of test scores. Significant positive correlation was found at p<0.01 between BRoMS and the other two scales indicating concurrent validity. Using exploratory factor analysis, two factors were confirmed: regulation of motivation and willpower. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the consistency of the questions with the scales of this questionnaire.

It can be confirmed that BRoMS has good psychometric properties and can be employed as a diagnostic and instrument for measuring regulation of motivation.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-healing training (the healing codes) on the sense of cohesion in substance-dependent men in 2020.

The present research was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all substance-dependent males in Isfahan in 2020. Among whom, 30 people who were willing to participate in the study were selected using convenience sampling and then were randomly divided into the experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The sense of cohesion questionnaire was used to collect data. The experimental group underwent fourteen sessions of self-healing training (90-minute sessions per week). After the training sessions, a post-test was performed for both groups. Data analysis was done using an univariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that self-healing training was significantly effective in increasing the sense of cohesion in substance-dependent males.

According to the research results, self-healing education can be used as one of the new positive approaches to increase the psychological health of substance-dependent individuals in addiction treatment centers with relatively lasting effects to increase self-care skills.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on emotion regulation and stress tolerance among firefighters in Isfahan. The research was conducted as a quasi-experimental study with a control group and random assignments, using a pretest and a posttest. Thirty firefighters were selected from six stations of all fire stations and then randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. They replied to instruments such as the emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) and the Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTS) before and after the intervention. The experimental group received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in 8 sessions, each lasting 90 minutes, while the control group was on the waiting list. Data were analyzed using analyses of covariance with SPSS-24 software. The result showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had an effect on psychological symptoms such as emotion regulation and distress tolerance in the posttest period (p < 0.05). According to the result of the present study, we can use mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to promote emotion regulation and increase distress tolerance in firefighters.

Burnout is one of the most important unavoidable consequences of work stress that causes physical fatigue, changes in job behavior and performance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-healing training on job burnout, quality of life, and emotional resilience of Isfahan's social emergency personnel.

The research method was semi-experimental with pretest/posttest/follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all social emergency personnel in Isfahan city. Using the stratified random sampling method, 36 personnel were selected and randomly assigned into two groups (n=18) of experimental and control. The subjects in the experimental group received 14 sessions of 90 minutes of self-healing training. The burnout questionnaire, the WHO quality of life questionnaire, and the emotional flexibility questionnaire were used to collect data in three stages. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used.

Findings showed that self-healing training is effective in reducing burnout, improving quality of life, and emotional resilience of social emergency personnel (p<0.05); So that it affected on all dimensions of burnout, two dimensions of the quality of life (physical and mental health), and all dimensions of emotional flexibility.

The self-healing training can be used in stressful work environments to increase tranquility and mental health.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of time management training and proper use of mobile phones, social media, and cyberspace on attachment patterns, children's behavioral problems, and the rate of internet addiction in parents of kindergarten children. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. From all mothers of kindergarten children in district 2 of Tehran, 30 people were selected as a sample by multistage random sampling method. The research instruments included the Internet Addiction Test (IAT, Kimberly Young), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL, Achenbach), and the Attachment Q-Set. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of attachment pattern, children's behavioral problems, and internet addiction between the experimental and control groups in the post-test. The training was effective in managing time and parents' proper use of mobile phones, social media, and cyberspace. It also improved attachment, reduced children's behavioral problems, and reduced internet addiction in the parents of kindergarten children.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on social adjustment and Self-regulation learning in female students with test anxiety. The research design was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group. The study population was all female students of the 11th and 12th grades of Khomeini Shahr city second-cycle high schools, approximately 1693 people, in the academic year 2017-2018. Using the available sampling method and based on the cut-off point of the Sarason Anxiety Questionnaire, a sample of 28 people was selected and randomly divided into two groups of control (15 people) and experimental group (13 people). The research instruments were Sinha and Singh Social Adjustment Questionnaire (1993) and Pintrich and De Groot (1990) motivational strategies for learning questionnaire. The experimental group received eight sessions of 2-hour acceptance and commitment group therapy (Hayes, Strosahl & Wilson, 2011). The control group did not receive any intervention. Multi-variable covariance analysis was adopted to analyze the data. The results showed that therapeutic intervention based on commitment and acceptance in the components of social adjustment and learning self-regulation led to a significant increase in performance in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test phase (p < 0/05); The overall conclusion is that schools by using therapeutic intervention based on acceptance and commitment can increase social adjustment and self-regulation of students' learning to achieve academic success.

The changes that occur in the female body with the onset of menstruation affect the psychological components, including mental health. This study aimed to compare the mental healthof adolescent females with early, late, and normal menarche.

This descriptive study was conducted based on a causal-comparative design. The statistical population included 9- to 17-year-old female students in Isfahan, Iran, who were selected through multistage random cluster sampling. The sample size was determined at 56, 37, and 43 cases in the group of students with normal, early, and late menarche, respectively. The data were collected using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist for school-aged children (age range: 3-18 years) (Jelink, Murphy, and Burns, 1986). Following that, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25) through a covariance test.

According to the results, no significant difference was observed between the two groups of female students with normal and early menarche regarding mental health and its subscales. However, the adolescent females with late menarche had better mental health, compared to those with early and normal menarche (P<0.01).

Based on the results, it seems that the timing of the onset of menstruation affects mental health. The late menarche is associated with fewer mental health problems.

Aging is a critical period of human life and paying attention to the issues and needs of this stage is a social necessity. Research has shown that increasing age leads to a successful decline in aging. It also has a negative effect on quality of life. In addition, chronic diseases, especially diabetes, are the most effective diseases on successful aging. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diabetes risk factors in patients with diabetes through mediated quality of life using structural equation modeling (SEM).

The method of study is descriptive structural equation modeling. The statistical population included the elderly aged 60 years and older with type 2 diabetes referred to health centers in Shiraz. The sampling method is random stratified sampling. The sample size was estimated at 593 people. After collecting the questionnaires, descriptive statistics, linear regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) using MPLUS software version 8 were used.

In this study, significant relationships between successful aging and age variables were confirmed, but this relationship was not significant with mediated quality of life. Successful physical activity and aging were confirmed both directly and through mediated quality of life. But no significant relationship was observed between fasting blood sugar, smoking and BMI and successful aging mediated by quality of life.

The results of this study showed that with increasing successful old age and quality of life decreases and the fit of the model was confirmed at a moderate level.

Epilepsy is among the most prevalent brain disorders, with abnormal discharge creating sensory disturbances, the loss of consciousness, impaired physical function, seizures, or a combination of these. Having such chronic diseases in childhood and adolescence is a crisis for family members, especially mothers. Most maternal problems include a negative attitude towards themselves, guilt, concerns about the nature and cause of strokes and their persistence, anxiety about the child's uncertain future education and occupation, and fear of having another child with epilepsy, which affects their mental health. The Mindfulness–Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) method is a comprehensive intervention that can effectively improve coping skills for depressive and psychological symptoms in vulnerable groups. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the MBSR program on positive and negative Emotion Regulation Strategies (ERSs) in the mothers of epileptic children.

This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. The statistical population was all mothers with epileptic children affiliated with the Masih Epilepsy Association in Isfahan City, Iran, until 2018. Using the convenience sampling method, 30 eligible mothers with a higher score in the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001) were selected. They were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups (n=15/group). The study's inclusion criteria were the age of mothers to range between 20 and 50 years; literacy; having at least one child with epilepsy aged between 7 and 16 years; mothers to live with their spouses during treatment, and providing consent to participate in the research. The exclusion criteria included severe physical illnesses or disabilities, absence from more than two training sessions, acute psychiatric disorders (depression, certain biopsychological illnesses, taking any hormonal & psychiatric medication prescribed by a psychiatrist), and unwillingness to continue participating. The research lasted for two months. The experimental group was trained in eight 90–minute MBSR program sessions; however, the control group received no intervention. The study subjects completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001) in two stages. The research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (central indicators & dispersion, e.g., mean & standard deviation) and inferential statistics, including Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS at the significance level of 0.05.

The present study results indicated that after eliminating the effects of pretest scores, the difference between the experimental group and the control group in the mean posttest scores respecting the components of positive ERSs, including re–paying attention to planning (p<0.001), positive re–evaluation (p<0.001), adopting a point of view (p=0.004), and the total score of the positive ERSs (p<0.001) were significant. The effect size indicated that 36% of the differences in scores of re–paying attention to planning scores, 35% of the differences positive re–evaluation scores, 31% of the differences in adopting a point of views scores, and 42% of the differences in positive ERSs in posttest between the two groups were due to the intervention. Furthermore, after eliminating the effects of pretest scores, the difference between the experimental and control groups in the mean posttest scores of negative ERSs was significant only in the subscales of others' blaming strategy (p=0.040). The effect size indicated that 16% of the differences in the scores of others' blaming strategy in the post–test between the two groups were due to training intervention.

Based on the present study findings, the MBSR program effectively regulated emotions among the mothers of epileptic children.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to some point of spinal cord or spinal neurons of end of spinal channel that frequently causes permanent changes in body’s strength, sensation, and other performances below the damaged point. When someone suffers from SCI may feel that all aspects of his/her life including mental, emotional, and social is affected. Thus, the current research aimed to examine the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) enriched with compassion on improvement of resilience and self-efficacy of patients with SCI in Isfahan province.

Methods and Materials:

 The research design was semi experimental with pre- and post-test and control group and random assignment. The research population includes all patients with SCI of Isfahan among whom 30 were recruited using inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to either treatment or control group equally. The subjects filled out Connor & Davidsonchr('39')s (2003) Resilience Scale and Maddux, Mercandandt, Prentice-Dan, Jacobs, & Rogers’ (1982) General Self-Efficacy Test for both pre-test and post-test. Then, the treatment group received 8, 90-min weekly sessions of ACT enriched with compassion while the control group received no treatment. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and via statistical package for social sciences version 25.

The results of the analysis showed that the training statistically, significantly improved the patientschr('39') resiliency and self-efficacy (p <.01).

According to the results, the ACT enriched with compassion is efficient in increasing resiliency and self-efficacy beliefs of SCI patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption on successful aging mediated by quality of life in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. The research method is cross-sectional correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all elderly people aged 60 years and older with type 2 diabetes covered by health centers in Shiraz in 1398, from which 593 people were selected by available sampling method in two stages. In this study, the tools of brief cognitive status test (Fulstein et al., 1975), physical function questionnaire (Bartel, 1965), and for successful aging, social welfare questionnaire (Keys, 2004), spiritual health questionnaire (Polutzon and Allison, 1982). Life satisfaction (Diner, 1985) and quality of life questionnaire (Thomas, 1986) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. SPSS-V23 and PLS software were used to analyze the data. Structural equation modeling was also used to answer the research hypotheses. Findings showed that the model was confirmed by model fit at the intermediate level. The results also showed that no significant relationship was observed between the variables of body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption and successful aging mediated by quality of life. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables in prevention and designing more appropriate treatments will help researchers and therapists in the elderly with diabetes. Subsequent results of the study showed that there is an inverse and insignificant relationship between alcohol consumption in the elderly with type 2 diabetes and successful aging with mediated quality of life. Among the problems of different countries, especially developing countries, is the association of the phenomenon of population transition with epidemiological transition. In this way, at the same time as passing from a young population with high fertility and death to a population with low fertility and death, by implementing a program to fight infectious diseases and promote education and health, the pattern of community diseases in favor of chronic diseases such as diabetes Has changed.

Drug addicts are exposed to many psychological injuries due to the problems they experience in their lives, so they need training to psychological empowerment. Therefore, aim of this study to investigate the effect of self-healing training on psychological empowerment of drug addicts in 2020. This study was done by semi-experimental approach with two group (experimental & control) and three stage (pre-test, post-test and follow up). 30 people who wanted to participate in the project were selected available. They were then randomly assigned to the experimental groups (15subjects) and the control group (15subjects). Then, the experimental group underwent 14 sessions (weekly one-minute 90-minute session) self-healing training and after the last session both groups were post-tested and finally After 45 days of follow-up. The results indicated that self-healing training significantly increased psychological empowerment in participants in the post-test and follow-up stages (p < 0.05). But it has not been effective on optimism. And these results remain until the follow-up stage. Therefore, self-healing trainable method can be used to as the latest approach in the world to improve mental health of addict in health centers. So, this method can be used as a positive and new approach with relatively lasting effects to increase the self-care skills of addictions in treatment-related centers.