دکتر اکبر عطادخت

Obesity is a major public health concern. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased in recent years in different countries of the world, including Iran, and has become an important issue in the field of health at the global level. Today's environments encourage excess energy intake and discourage energy consumption. Overweight individuals may respond differently to food cues in the environment than underweight individuals. This individual difference in responding to food cues can play an important role in the development of obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric indicators of food cues response scale (FCRS) and investigate its relationship with body mass index (BMI). The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was 20,997 students of Tabriz University. According to the krejci-morgan table, 380 people were selected as a sample using accessible sampling method through internet and field reference. To collect the data, food cue response scale (Kang sim et al., 2023), power of food scale (low et al., 2009) and demographic information questionnaire were used. In order to use the food cue response scale (FCRS) in the present study, the original version was translated from English to Farsi. Reverse translation method was used to translate the scale. The existing flaws were fixed and the Persian version of the scale was finally approved. All the ethical principles of the research such as confidentiality and having the right to enter and leave the research were observed. The research data were analyzed with the statistical methods of confirmatory factor analysis, correlation and regression. SPSS 23 and AMOS 24 statistical software were used in data analysis. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor model of food cue responsiveness scale. The convergent validity of this scale with power of food scale was R=0.77. Checking the reliability of the total score of the scale with Cronbach's alpha method (0.91) and retest method (R=0.90) with an interval of 15 days showed that the scale has excellent reliability. The internal correlation of each item with the total score of food cue response scale was significant (p<0.01). Each of the subscales and the total score of the food cue response scale had significant predictive power of body mass index (BMI), which indicates the predictive validity of the scale and positive relationships between them. Irritability to food cues or lack of control of cognitive and behavioral responses when faced with food cues such as color, smell, taste, and other factors is the cause of obesity and overweight phenomenon. The food cue response scale is a scale with good psychometric adequacy for examining nutritional behaviors and predicting changes in body mass index. Since the food cue response scale (FCRS) has a small number of items and has favorable psychometric properties, it is suggested to use this scale in the future researches to measure in the field of nutrition, obesity prevention and food care.

The most common problems of concussions are disorders of neuropsychological skills. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of direct electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull and psychodrama on the neuro-psychological skills of adolescents with mild concussions.

In this quasi-experimental study, the statistical population was all teenagers with brain damage in Ardabil Province who referred to Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil City in 2021-2022 and received a score of 13-15 on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Forty five people were selected from this statistical population by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 people (experimental groups 1 and 2 and a control group). The experiment group 1 underwent electrical stimulation intervention (10 sessions of 15 minutes), the experiment group 2 underwent psychodrama intervention (13 sessions of 90 minutes), and the control group did not receive any training. Continuous Performance Test, Tower of London Test, and Crawford et al.'s Retrospective and Prospective Memory Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

The findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference across the treatment methods. Electrical stimulation sessions were able to positively affect the components of sustained attention (correct response F=4.961, p=0.012 and response time F=2.398, p=0.001), Tower of London Test (errors F=6.518, p=0.004), and dimensions of memory functioning (prospective memory F=12.943, p<0.001 and retrospective memory F=5.984, p=0.005) and improve cognitive dysfunction.

Based on the findings of the current study, the use of electrical stimulation of the brain as a neuro-rehabilitation intervention is recommended to improve the neuropsychological skills of adolescents with mild concussions.

Aging is a sensitive period that the examining of different aspects of mental health during this phase becomes very important. Having life skills and not having the feeling of inadequacy at this age can help older adults to spend a better time personally and socially and to play a more adaptive role in interpersonal communication. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of examining social adequacy of older adults based on the theory of mind through the mediating role of life skills. This was a descriptive- correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population included all older adults living in care centers for older adults in Tabriz, Iran in the summer of 2023. The sample, selected using convenience sampling method, were 220 people who responded to Felner’s social adequacy, Qumrani et al.’s theory of mind, and Saatchi’s life skills questionnaires. The data were analyzed through Pearson’s correlation coefficient and SEM using SPSS-26 and Lisrel 8.8, respectively. The results revealed that there is a positive relationship between theory of mind with social adequacy and life skills, and there is also a positive relationship between life skills and social adequacy. Besides, life skills served a mediating role in the relationship between theory of mind and social adequacy. Therefore, it is concluded that by training and increasing life skills in older adults, their theory of mind and social adequacy can be improved, which may enhance their mental health.

The social well-being of social media users is one of the important issues in which there is a need to investigate the role of psychological factors. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the need for online social feedback and social health and consider the mediating role of basic public needs in social network users.  

The research method was descriptive and correlational. According to Kline's (2011) sample size determination method, 380 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. Data collection tools included the Internet Social Feedback Need Scale (NfOSF; Doradooni et al, 2023), Keyes and Shapiro's (2004) social well-being Scale, and the General Basic Needs Satisfaction Scale (BNSG-S; Genieh, 2003). The data were analyzed using the structural equation model method.

The results showed a significant and positive correlation between all variables (p<0.01). Based on the results, the need for social feedback in social networks is 46% directly (p=0.001, β=-0.46) and 32% indirectly (p=0.001, β=-0.32) β) explains the variance of social well-being. Also, the need for social feedback in social networks is 62% (p=0.001, β=0.62) of the variance of satisfaction of basic public needs and satisfaction of basic public needs explains 52% (p=0.001, β=0.52) of the variance of social well-being.

The need for social feedback in social networks is related to the lack of satisfaction with basic public needs. The need for online social feedback and failure to satisfy basic public needs predict low social well-being in social network users.

Drug addiction is one of the most important problems of today's age, which has involved many young people in all societies with associated with negative consequences such as anxiety, depression, poor quality of life, and poor mental health, Therefore, purpose of this research was to evaluate the mediating role of social adequacy in the relationship between brain-behavioral systems and readiness for addiction.

The present study was a correlational and structural equation type study and a statistical population of all undergraduate students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the academic year 2022-2023. 300 male and female students were selected by the available sampling method. Carver & White’s (1994) Brain-Behavioral Systems Questionnaire, Weed, Butcher, McKenna & Ben-Porath (1992) Addiction Readiness Questionnaire, and Flener & Lease’s Social Competence Questionnaire (1990) were used. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) and inferential statistics (correlation and path analysis) were used.

Our study revealed the direct effect of behavioral inhibition variables on readiness for addiction (T=-07.6 and P<0.001) and social adequacy (T=72.4 and P<0.001). Furthermore, behavioral activation exerted a significant effect on readiness for addiction (T=61.4 and P<0.001) and social adequacy (T=-52.3 and P<0.001). Social adequacy had a significant effect on readiness for addiction (T=-7.86 and P<0.001). According to the amount obtained for the VAF statistic, 26.7% of the effect of behavior inhibition and 26.2% of the effect of behavior activation on readiness for addiction can be explained through social adequacy.

Therefore, due to the high prevalence of addiction, it is necessary to investigate the level of readiness for addiction and the factors affecting it, including the behavioral brain systems and social adequacy to deal with the prevalence of addiction.

Cancer diagnosis and hospitalization of children can cause feelings such as anxiety, hopelessness, and fear of death. During hospitalization, play therapy can reduce psychological symptoms and facilitate the interventions of specialists as a non-pharmacological treatment.

Therefore, the aim of the current research was to determine the efficacy of play therapy on anxiety and hopelessness in children with cancer in Ardabil

This study was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all children with cancer referred to Boali Hospital Training center year 1397-1398 in Ardebil.30 children were chosen through available sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 subjects each) The experimental group received 8 sessions of Cognitive-behavioral play therapy. Data were collected through “the Kazdin Hopelessness Scale for children (1979)”, and “the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (1997)”. Statistical analyses were conducted by Covariance analysis and SPSS software version 24.

The results of covariance analysis indicated that laughter therapy significantly reduced anxiety and hopelessness scores in the post-test. (P <0.001). 

According to the findings of the research, it can be said that play therapy intervention is effective in reducing anxiety and hopelessness, as a result, this treatment can be used as a complementary treatment alongside the main cancer treatments.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of irrational beliefs and social competence in predicting students' cyber bullying experience. The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study consists of all male students of the second year of public high schools in Ardabil province in the academic year 2019-2020 (N = 21756). A total of 409 of these individuals were selected by cluster random sampling from the above statistical population and individually answered the questionnaires of bullying-cyberbullying experience, irrational beliefs and social competence. The data collected in this study were analyzed using Pearson correlation tests and multiple regression analysis. The results of correlation coefficient showed that cyber bullying experience has a positive relationship with irrational beliefs (p <0.001; r = 0.45) and a negative and significant relationship with social competence (p = 0.001; r = -0.41). Conclosion: regression analysis also showed that irrational beliefs in a positive way and social competence in a negative way are able to predict the experience of cyber bullying in students.

The aim of this study was to predict Tendency toward Delinquency due to the Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Anger Dimensions in Female Students. This study was cross-sectional descriptive and its statistical population was all Female high school students in the one district of Ardabil city, that 279 students from four high schools were selected using multi-stage clusters sampling method. In order to collect data, Dimensions of Anger Questionnaire (Sigel, 1986), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) and Attitude toward Delinquency Questionnaire (Fazli, 2010) were used. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression. The results showed that tendency toward delinquency had a significant positive relationship with the components of anger arousal, hostile attitude, anger-out and anger-in from the dimensions of anger and had positive relationship with components in doing, difficulty in impulse control and lack of transparency from difficulties in emotion regulation (p<0.01). Also, the components of hostile attitude and anger-out from the dimensions of anger and the component of difficulty in impulse control and lack of transparency from the difficulties in emotion regulation could significantly predict the tendency toward delinquency. Therefore, the results of this study have important implications for identifying individuals at risk of delinquency and need to be considered in development of preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Depression is characterized by many symptoms, including thoughts of death and suicide. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sense of coherence, brain-behavioral systems, and attributional styles in the prediction of suicidal thoughts of depressed patients. First, using availability sampling and Beck depression inventory, 100 depressed patients admitted to Razi psychiatric hospital in Tabriz were selected. Then Beck scale for suicide ideation, Antonovsky's sense of coherence questionnaire, Carver and White's brain-behavioral systems questionnaire, and Seligman's attributional style questionnaire were presented to them to collect information. Then data were analyzed by SPSS software, using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The results of this study showed that sense of coherence explained 44%, brain-behavioral systems explained 28.9% and attributional styles explained 33.9% of the variance of suicidal thoughts in depressed patients. Therefore, it can be concluded that sense of coherence, brain-behavioral systems, and attributional styles are the variables affecting the suicidal thoughts of depressed patients.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new disorder with challenging diagnosis and treatment. As a result, standard irritability therapies must be used in order to obtain therapeutic implications for the aforementioned disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy based on parental education on emotion regulation and irritability in students with disruptive mood disorders.

The research method was semi-experimental, with pre-test and post-test groups, and contained control and follow-up session. The study's statistical population included all male high school students in East Azarbaijan province during the academic year 2020–2021. The study population included 30 students with disruptive mood disorders who were chosen through a nonprobability purposive sampling method. The Stringaris et al. (2012) Emotional Affective Reactivity Index, the Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003), and the clinical interview based on the DSM-5 were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using analysis of ANOVA with repeated measures and via statistical package for social sciences version 18.

Family-based cognitive behavioral therapy was found to be significantly effective in reducing irritability and regulating emotions in students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorders (p<0/001). Furthermore, the Bonferroni correction test results revealed that the educational effect persisted throughout the follow-up period (p>0/05).

The current study's findings support the efficacy of family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and dialectical therapy in reducing irritability and regulating emotions in students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Therefore, its use is recommended for treatment specialists in the field of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and meaning and purpose therapy in promoting post-traumatic growth and psychosocial adjustment in breast cancer patients. The current research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all breast cancer patients in the Bukan Cancer Patients' Association in 2019, 45 of whom were purposive and were randomly assigned to three groups of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, therapy based on meaning and purpose, and the control group. In this research, the 46-question Adjustment to Illness Scale–Self-Report (PAIS-SR)-Derogatis (1986) and the post-traumatic growth questionnaire by. Tedeschi & Calhoun (1996) were used. The experimental groups underwent treatment based on meaning and purpose and cognitive therapy based on group mindfulness for 8 weeks and one 60-minute session each week. To analyze the data, the statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis was used. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the mean of the post-test in the two groups of the test and the test in the variable of psycho-social adaptation and post-traumatic growth (P ≥ 0.01), as evidence of the pre-test effect. In other words, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was more effective than treatment based on meaning and goal in the variable of psychosocial adjustment, and therapy based on meaning and goal was more effective in the variable of post-traumatic growth than cognitive therapy based on mindfulness.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on academic burnout and academic performance of students.

The study was a experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control groups. The statistical population of the study included all female high school students in Ardabil in the academic year 2020-2021, from it, a sample of 30 females was selected by cluster random sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups of 15 students.To conduct the research, under the same conditions, both groups of per-test were tested using the academic questionnaire. The data collection tools were Bresó, Salanova & Schaufeli (2007), Academic Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), along with Pham & Taylor (1999) Academic Performance Questionnaire (APQ). Afterwards, the experimental group was trained in Captain Log cognitive software for 16 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. The results were analyzed using multivariate covariance test.

Research results show that computer-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention in the experimental group has reduced academic burnout and increasd students' academic performance (P<0.001).

Based on these results, the training and application of cognitive rehabilitation seems necessary to provide suitable conditions and platform for teaching and learning.

Cancer is one of the diseases that requires complex and multidisciplinary treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of positive thinking training and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in improving morale and psychosocial adaptation in breast cancer patients.
The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of this research included all breast cancer patients in the Bukan Cancer Patients Association, 45 people were selected and randomly replaced in three groups: positive thinking training, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, and the control group. The experimental groups were trained in positive thinking and cognitive therapy based on group mindfulness for 8 weeks and one 60-minute session every week.
Both treatments had a significant effect on the variables of demoralization and psycho-social adjustment in breast cancer patients. Also, the study showed that positive thinking training treatment was more effective than cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in the variable of demoralization. Also, the results showed that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was more effective than positive thinkin training in the variable of psychosocial adjustment.
Therefore, to help breast cancer patients, psychological treatments can have positive effects so that by overcoming the existential crisis, they adopt a new cognitive and behavioral system and get out of their negative habits and thought patterns and live consciously and meaningfully. To discover the hidden meaning in the heart of suffering caused by cancer.

This study sought to develop a structural relationship model for relapse prediction based on dysfunctional personality beliefs regarding the mediating role of inhibition control. The investigation involved the correlation of structural equations. In 2021, the statistical population comprised all drug addicts who sought treatment at Ardabil Addiction Treatment Camp. 200 male subjects were chosen using the available sampling method and the Relapse to the Prediction Questionnaire (RPS), the Dysfunctional Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ), and the Inhibition Control Test (go / nogo). Using clever pls3 software, the obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. According to the results of structural equation modeling, dysfunctional personality beliefs have a direct and significant effect on relapse. In addition, inhibition control mediated the indirect impact of dysfunctional personality beliefs. The value of fit (GOF) criterion was utilized to evaluate the model’s overall fit, which governs both the measurement and structural model components. Consequently, the value of goodness of fit (GOF) is 0.41, which, when compared to acceptable values for GOF, demonstrates the model’s overall good fit. According to the findings of this study, it is necessary to provide regular training programs for substance abusers based on the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy in order to determine the patient’s dysfunctional beliefs about addiction, assist the patient in developing more effective beliefs and behaviors, and assist the patient in developing more effective coping mechanisms.

The high attractiveness of online games, along with the significant prevalence of addiction to them has made these games receive attention from experts. Therefore, the present study was done to fit a causal model of addiction to online games based on the A, B, C, and D brain quadrants dominance in students with the mediating role of behavioral regulation of emotion.

The research method was descriptive and structural equations. The statistical population of the research included 291 students of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during the academic year 2021-2022. These students were selected by the available sampling method and participated in the research through an online questionnaire.

The direct effect of the lateral cerebral superiority variable A (P < 0.01 and T = -2.81), lateral cerebral superiority variable B (P < 0.01 and T = -4.84), lateral cerebral superiority variable C (P < 0.01 and T = -2.30) and positive behavioral emotion regulation (P < 0.01 and T = -5.34) exerted negative effects on addiction to online games and the direct effect of lateral brain superiority variable D (01/ P>0 and T=5.78) and negative behavioral emotion regulation (P<0.01 and T=7.19) were positive and significant. Therefore, the causal model of the relationship between the addiction to online games, brain lateralization, and behavioral regulation of emotion was confirmed based on various fit indices. According to the amount obtained for the VAF statistic, 19.9% of the effect of lateral superiority B, 31.7 % of the effect of lateral superiority C, and 18.1% of the effect of lateral superiority D on addiction to online games through negative behavioral regulation of emotion, and 34.6% of the effect of lateral superiority C and 20.5% of the effect of lateral superiority D on addiction to online games through positive behavioral emotion regulation can be explained.

Due to the high prevalence of using smartphones, it will be extremely important to evaluate the condition of the dominant cerebral cortex and the behavioral emotion regulation on online games addiction.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new diagnosis with multiple treatment challenges. The most prominent features of this disorder consist of behavioral as well as mood disruptions. There are very few treatment studies on DMDD. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on emotion regulation and irritability in students with disruptive mood disorders.

The current research was a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all male students of the first secondary level of East Azarbaijan province who referred to the counseling centers of education and training departments in the academic year of 2020–2021. The study population included 30 students with disruptive mood disorders who were chosen through a nonprobability purposive sampling method. Emotional Affective Reactivity Index, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the clinical interview were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed through the statistical test of ANOVA with repeated measurements.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy was found to be significantly effective in reducing irritability and regulating emotions in students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorders (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the results revealed that the educational effect persisted throughout the follow-up period (P > 0.05).

According to the results of the research, dialectical behavior therapy can increase the awareness of the disruptive mood disorder sufferers about their problems and gain a more correct understanding in dealing with problems, especially in the interpersonal field. Therefore, in the field of treatment of disruptive mood disorder, dialectical behavior therapy can be implemented as part of the treatment plan.

Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized by forced and impulsive drug use. The aim of this study was to structurally model the severity of substance dependence based on affective temperament with the mediating role of inhibition control.
The research was a correlation of structural equations. The statistical population included all drug addicts who referred to Ardabil addiction treatment camps in 2021. A total of 200 of these individuals responded to the substance abuse severity, affective temperament and inhibition control test (go / no go) by Purposive sampling method. The obtained data were analyzed using smart pls3 software.
The results showed that affective temperament had a direct and significant effect on the severity of substance dependence. Also, the indirect effect of affective temperament on the severity of substance dependence was confirmed by the mediation of inhibition control.
According to the results of the present study, the study of affective temperament and inhibition control is a necessary and vital step in management, prognosis and prevention of dependence and substance use.

Dependence on the material has gradually become one of the most common public health problems worldwide. 

The aim of this study was to assesse the pattern of causal relationships based on dysfunctional personality beliefs: The mediating role of ego resilience in substance-dependent people.

The research was applied in terms of purpose and in the category of correlational research. The statistical population included all substancedependent people who were referred to Ardabil addiction treatment camps in 2021. A total of 200 people were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaires about craving, ego resilience and dysfunctional personality beliefs. SPSS software version 25 and Lisrel version 8.8 were used for data analysis.

The results showed that craving has a positive relationship with dysfunctional personality beliefs and a negative and significant relationship with ego resilience. Ego resilience also has a negative and significant relationship with dysfunctional personality beliefs (P<0.001). Model fit indices also confirmed the effect of dysfunctional personality beliefs on cravings mediated by ego resilience.

According to the results of the present study, the design of programs based on resilience, taking into account the personality of people who are leaving, is recommended by psychologists and counselors.