a sadeghi

Plant endophytes are microorganisms that live in healthy plant organs but do not cause disease symptoms, and the endophyte lifestyle plays an important role in plant growth, fitness, and diversity. Dark septate endophytic are a group of endophytic fungi that have special hyphae that form dark colonies in agar culture. In this stuy, the effect of these fungi on germination indicators, growth characteristics and increasing the amount of phosphorus in barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants was investigated, in order to investigate the possibility of using these fungi as biofertilizers in laboratory and greenhouse conditions.

In this study, seven endogenous fungal isolates were obtained from plants belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family including Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium sp., Curvularia spicifera, Alternaria alternaria, Fusarium solani, Fusarium brachigibbosum and Acremonium consortialis, which were identified in previous researches, were investigated. Piriformospora indica was used as a known fungal species. Yousef cultivar barley seeds were obtained from Khorasan Razavi Agricultural Research Center. The experiments were carried out as a completely randomized design with four replications in two sections: germination in the laboratory and planting in pots at the greenhouse of the faculty of agriculture of Ferdowsi university. To check the germination indicators, the seeds were stored on moist paper towels inside a sterile petri dish for one week at 28°C in an incubator. Sterile distilled water was used as control. After one week, germination speed, germination percentage, germination value, and vigor index were assessed. For the greenhouse study, the soil mixture (three parts sand and one part soil) was sterilized at 105°C for 48 hours. Pots measuring 20 x 20 cm were used. Seed inoculation was performed in a manner consistent with the germination test. Twelve seeds were sown in each pot, and at the two-leaf stage, the seedlings were thinned to eight plants per pot. After 28 days, the plants were evaluated for leaf area index, chlorophyll content, shoot phosphorus levels, dry weight, and fungal colonization percentage in the roots.

The percentage of colonization in all fungi except A. alternaria (%19.60) was above %30. The germination rate in the treatment with A. terreus (2.95 seed day-1) was significantly higher than the control and other fungi. Also, the germinationn rate in the treatment with A. alternaria, C. spicifera, A. consortialis, F. brachibosum and Penicilium sp. was more than control. Germination percentage in A. terreus (%95), Penicillium sp. (%90), C. spicifera (%85) and A. alternaria (%80) were higher than the control (α=%5). Considering that the viability of the selected seeds was low (control germination percentage %50) and the mentioned fungi were able to increase the germination percentage in these seeds, these fungi are a suitable option for sowing seeds with low germination percentage. The value of germination in the treatment with A. terreus (3.735) was higher than the control and other treatments. Treatment with Penicillium sp., A. alternaria and C. spicifera fungi was more than the control. The vigour index of treatment with A. terreus (13.65), C. spicifera (13.23) and A. alternaria (11.53) in one group and at a significant level of %5 were higher than treatment with other fungi. A. terreus treatment improved all germination indices and this increase was higher than the control species (P. indica). The amount of leaf phosphorus in the treatment with A. terreus (%0.516) and P. indica (%0.499) was higher than other fungal and control treatments. The leaf surface area in the treatment with A. terreus (9.97 cm2) was higher than the treatment with other fungi and the control fungus (9.84 cm2). In addition to A. terreus, the treatment with A. consortialis (10.06 cm2), C. spicifera (9.91 cm2) and P. indica (9.84cm2) was significantly higher than the control . Chlorophyll a and b were the highest in the treatment with A. terreus and P.indica. In addition, the treatment with C. spicifera and A. alternaria had more chlorophyll a and b at a significant level of 5% than the control treatment . The dry weight of shoot with the treatment of A. terreus (6.40 mg g-1) and P. indica (6.10 mg g-1) increased the most compared to the treatment with other fungi.

Considering the ability of A. terreus in improving the germination characteristics, the plant growth conditions observed in this study. It is suggested to the next works should pay attention to the effect of this fungi on the environment and the ecosystem of other organisms and plants so that it can be used as a biological fertilizer.

Hydrogen has been introduced as a clean energy source for various demands and has been studied from different aspects. Therefore, the leading challenges are choosing the best renewable source, determining environmentally friendly processes, and selecting storing methods in the hydrogen supply chain. The analytic hierarchy process is a multidimensional decision-making method based on organized calculations to make logical decisions, which is used in this study to make decisions among these cases. For hydrogen sources, issue economic justification with 47% priority as the main criterion, and hydro resources with 33% priority as the most preferred option are determined. In the production process, the selected criterion is economic justification as the most preferred one, and the thermal method with 32% preference has the highest priority. In the storage topic, economic justification has the highest priority, and storage in the form of nanomaterials is identified as the best option. The calculated inconsistency in all three evaluated sections is less than 10% and is acceptable.

One of the practical and useful methods that is used in Eurocode 3 to analyze the bending behavior of connections is the component method. Based on this method, the moment-rotation curves of joints are estimated bilinearly based on the two parameters of bending strength and initial stiffness. Therefore, one of the most important parameters to evaluate the moment-rotation curve using the component method is to find the exact initial stiffness of the connection (Sj,ini ). An issue that is not mentioned in the Eurocode 3 and causes the obtained results to be insufficiently accurate is the issue of pre-tensioning bolts. The main goal of this research is to add the effect of prestressing bolts to the component method. For this purpose, the stiffness of the spring elements modeling the column flange in bending, the end plate in bending, and the bolt in tension, which are necessary to predict the rotational stiffness of connections with the end plate with prestressed bolts, should be investigated. For this purpose, first, relationships are presented to consider the effect of prestressing bolts in the component method. Then, several end plate connections that have been investigated by the researchers are evaluated in two cases without considering the effect of pre-tensioning of the bolts and considering this effect in order to verify the correctness of the presented relationships. The results show that the presented method for considering the prestressing of bolts is a suitable and efficient method, which makes the accuracy of the developed component method more accurate than the conventional component method. So that the rotational stiffness difference of the laboratory model with the component method without considering the effect of pre-tensioning of the bolts was reduced to -13.81% and by considering the effect of pre-tensioning of the bolts to -2.41%.

The Upper Cretaceous (Upper Albian-Lower Torunian) Sarvak Formation (and its equivalents) is the second most important carbonate reservoir in Iran that was developed under the warm tropical climate. The Sarvak Formation with the predominant limestone lithology in the Omid, Mansuri, and Ahvaz Oil Fields was conformably overlies the shaly Kazhdumi Formation and overlain by the Ilam Formation. Detailed petrographical studies led to determine twelve carbonate microfacies that indicate deposition on a homoclinal ramp-type carbonate setting. The identified ramp-type setting was composed of four main facies belts including inner, middle and outer ramp associated with an intrashelf basin. Biostratigraphic assemblage zones, facies analysis, depositional sub-environments, and wire-line logs assisted in mapping the paleogeography of the study area into four third-order stratigraphic sequences. The upper boundary of third and forth depositional sequences (DS3-4) in all studied oil fields defined as a disconformity confirmed by the evidence of extensive dissolution and other meteoric diagentic features that reveal a platform exposure. The other sequence boundaries defined as a correlative unconformity. The modified sequences and sequence boundaries of the Sarvak succession are clearly correlatable with sequence boundaries and surfaces derived from the Arabian Plate sequenc stratigraphy in Iran and adjacent Arabian countries.

Probiotic bacteria are Gram-positive and negative-catalase with various characteristics including resistance to acid and bile salt conditions, antimicrobial characteristics, bacitracin production, and lack of capability for transferring genes resistant to antibiotics. These bacteria are a part of selected and useful bacteria in the digestive system, which leads to reinforcement of the body's immune system if they are adequately consumed (106-107 CFU/g). This research aimed to identify molecular identification and assessment of probiotic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates separated from the digestive and reproduction system of  Ross 308 broiler breeders.
Twenty Ross 308 broiler breeders were selected and samples of the vagina and ileum of them, and the cecum and feces of roosters were taken to separate LAB. The Gram and catalase test was used to approve the biochemical characteristics of LAB. The suspension containing each LAB isolate was harvested at 4  for five min (10,000×g) to assess the survival of the selected LAB isolated under conditions simulating the GI tract. Then, remained sediment in the buffer solution containing HCL (1N) reached to pH equal to two by eliminating the supernatant. After adding 0.1 % (w/v) pepsin to bacterial suspension, it was stored at 37  for three hours. After incubation, the pH of suspension with NaCl (1N) was reached to six. Then, tolerance to small intestine condition was evaluated in PBS solution (pH=7), containing Oxgall (0.3% w/v) and pancreatin (0.1% w/v) of washed suspensions of the LAB was mixed and incubated at 37 . Finally, the LAB isolate population was determined by consecutive dilution in sterile PBS and plate media on MRS agar compared to a blank sample (untreated). For molecular identification of dominant lactic acid bacteria, the DNA of the dominant lactic acid isolate was extracted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit. Then, it was amplified using primers (44F; 1542 R) in temperature conditions. Afterward, for initial approval, PCR products were transferred to 1.5 % agarose gel and electrophoresis was performed in TBE buffer in the presence of positive control and negative control samples. The good diffusion method was used to determine the anti-bacterial effect of the selected LAB isolated against pathogenic factors. To assess auto-aggregation of the selected isolate, the cells obtained from its 24-hour culture were separated by refrigerated centrifugation (10 min, 4 , 6000×g) and was dissolved in phosphate buffer during two phases (pH=7.2) so that the obtained suspension had absorption equal to . Then, the suspension was put at the temperature of 37  for four hours. Then, the absorption of LAB isolate suspension in 600 nm was read. A combination of an equal volume of LAB isolates suspension and pathogenic bacteria were vortexed and incubated at 37℃ for four hours to assess auto-aggregation of isolate. The surface part of the suspensions was read at 600 nm and calculated. About 200 µl of 24 h culture of selected LAB was added to four mL of 1 % MRS agar medium to evaluate the selected LAB isolated antibiotic susceptibility. This combination was overlaid on plates containing 1.5 mL of 1.5% MRS agar, and then, discs of antibiotics including Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Cefazolin, Ciprofloxacin, Penicillin, Cephalothin, Imipenem, Novobiocin, Clindamycin, Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone, and Nalidixic acid was placed on each plate. After 24 h of incubation at 37℃, the diameter of the inhibition zone (mm) was measured and reported as resistant, relatively sensitive, and sensitive. To consider the capability of hemolysis of blood, LAB isolate was streaked on the surface of a blood agar plate supplemented with 5% sheep blood. After 48 h of incubation at 37℃, the plates were considered in terms of diameter inhibition zone creation and color change in the medium.
The results of the sequencing test led to the identification of Levilactobacillus brevis. The predominant LAB isolated from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and reproductive tracts of Ross 308 broiler breeders and L. brevis isolated from the ileum (82.00%) (P<0.05) in the simulated conditions of the GIT compared to the L. brevis isolated from other parts GIT and the reproductive system had more survival than acid and bile. Examining the anti-bacterial effect of the aforementioned isolate showed that the L. brevis bacterium had an inhibitor influence on Shigella dysentery bacteria (87.00%) and Staphylococcus aureus (81.25%). In addition, the highest and the lowest characteristics of co-aggregation of this isolate were observed against Listeria monocytogenes (46.00%) and Salmonella typhimurium (38.00%). This isolate had 43% auto-aggregation characteristics and no hemolytic activity. Assessing antibiotic resistance of LAB isolate showed that the biggest diameter of inhibition zone of bacterium (23.5 mm) was related to Imipenem that had no significant difference with Ampicillin (22.5 mm) and Vancomycin (22.5 mm) and its lowest value (12 mm) was related to Ceftriaxone that had no significant difference with Gentamicin and Cephalotin. The results of this study showed that L. brevis bacterium can be used in the nutrition of broiler breeders as a probiotic bacterium.
The use of probiotics in the feeding of Ross 308 broiler breeders may eliminate the public health concerns of antimicrobial resistance development to some extent, as this could replace the use of antibiotics. According to antimicrobial characteristics, antibiotic resistance, hemolytic activity, auto-aggregation, and co-aggregation of predominant LAB isolate, it can be concluded that L. brevis can be useful and applicable as a probiotic supplement in producing food and pharmaceutical products for broiler breeders.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is known as a chronic liver disease, whose prevalence is increasing worldwide and if not treated can lead to hepatic cirrhosis and fibrosis. The gold standard for diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and assessing the extent of liver fibrosis is liver biopsy; however, this is an invasive method that can lead to possible side effects. Therefore, use of non-invasive methods is suggested. The aim of this study was to assess effects of intermittent fasting and flaxseed consumption on liver fibrosis through non-invasive marker panel and Fibroscan in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Methods and Materials: 

Changes in liver fibrosis in fifty patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were investigated using intermittent fasting diet with daily consumption of 30 g of flaxseed supplement in a randomized clinical trial. At the beginning and at the end of the study, height and weight of the participants were measured. Body mass index, physical activity questionnaire (physical activity using the international physical activity questionnaire) and 24-h recall were completed by the patients at the beginning and the end of the study. Approximate duration of the study was 12 w. Hepatic fibrosis assessment methods that used at the beginning and the end of the study included Fibroscan and calculation of non-invasive marker panel, such as fibrosis 4 (FIB-4), AST aminotransferase platelet ratio index (APRI) and body mass index, AST/ALT aminotransferase ratio, Diabetes (BARD).

In general, 45 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with an average age of 46.83 years old and an average BMI of 32.79 kg/m2 were included in the analysis. Results of this study showed that following diets with supplements, hepatic fibrosis score decreased using Fibroscan assay (p = 0.507), BARD (p = 0.396), FIB-4 (p = 0.984) and APRI (p = 0.682); however, none of them were statistically significant after 12 w, compared to the control group.

Results of Fibroscan and BARD, FIB-4 and APRI indices were similar in assessing liver fibrosis changes after the intervention. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to verify these results.

Contaminated foods with Shiga toxigenic serotypes of Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause diarrhea and severe diseases in consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate frequency of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli serotypes and their antibiotic resistance patterns in vegetable samples from Tehran, Iran.

In this study, a total of 97 vegetable samples from 22 urban areas of Tehran, Iran, were investigated, July 2018 to March 2019. To identify Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli strains, standard method of enrichment and culture in selective media and polymerase chain reaction for verifying presence of stx1 and stx2 genes were used. Presence of eae and ehxA genes was investigated in Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli isolates. Antibiotic resistance was assessed using disk diffusion method for 15 antibiotics and the multidrug resistance phenotype was assessed.

Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli strains were isolated in 14/4% of vegetable samples (stx1, stx2, stx1/stx2 of 8, 1 and 5%, respectively). Presence of eae and ehxA genes was shown in 1 and 2% of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli isolates, respectively. The highest resistance was detected to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%), erythromycin (73.33%) and tetracycline (85.7%) and the lowest against meropenem (0%) and imipenem/ceftazidime (7/7%).

In this study, contamination of vegetables with multidrug resistant Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli was verified in Tehran, Iran. Further studies on human samples can clarify this contamination.

One of the most widely used analytical methods to investigate the bending behavior of joints is the component method, which is mentioned in Eurocode 3. However, this method has some shortcomings such as a large amount of calculation, its reliability-low and its weaknesses in the post-yield behavior of the moment-rotation curve. In this research, to make the component method more efficient and reliable, this method was developed in the three mentioned aspects in such a way that the calculations of the method became more compact, the post-yield part of the moment-rotation curve was developed beyond the concept of Eurocode 3 and then it was used for fully welded and end plate connection. In the following, the obtained moment-rotation curves were verified by comparing them with the curve extracted using the laboratory method and finite element method in ABAQUS. In the end, parametric investigations within sensitivity analysis framework were carried out on these connections using advanced component method. The findings indicated that the advanced component method (the method developed in this research) compared to the conventional component method in Eurocode 3 can accurately predict the plastic part of the moment-rotation curve of the two connections. So that the difference percentage of the ultimate moment for the six-bolt extended end-plate connections in the comparison of the laboratory model with the outputs of conventional and advanced component method was obtained as 31.56 and -2.46 percent, respectively. compared to the outputs of the finite elements approach using ABAQUS, the difference percentage of initial stiffness and the moment of the connection is -14.75 and 5.55 percent respectively for the fully welded connection has been examined and -2.98 and 20.09 percent for the eight-bolt extended end-plate connections. Furthermore, it became clear that among the geometrical parameters studied for the two connections, the beam depth has the greatest effect on the change of the initial stiffness and the moment of the connection, as in the end plate connection has been examined, reducing the beam depth by 20 percent decreases the initial stiffness and the moment of the connection by 27.53 and 21.54 percent, respectively, while by increasing the beam depth by 20 percent, the initial stiffness and the moment of the connection increases by 28.65 and 21.54 percent, respectively.

This research is based on sedimentological study of 4 surface (Kabir kuh, Samand, Anjir and Anaran) and 8 subsurface wells in the Lurestan, North Dezful and Abadan plain with a total thickness of 1592 m. The Santonian – Lower Campanian Ilam Formation is a carbonate hydrocarbon reservoir in the Zagros fold – thrust belt, in SW Iran. Twenty microfacies were recognized based on microscopic study. Microfacies analysis led to the recognition of four facies belts including inner (shoal), mid, outer ramp, and basinal setting. Correlation of depositional environments together with lateral facies changes indicate deposition are distally steepend ramp. Deep marine and inner ramp facies are the most and least facies, respectively in the study area. As the distribution of inner ramp facies is very limited, it can only be recognized in wells from North Dezful and Abadan plain.The results obtained from facies together with analyses of wireline logs clearly shows a northward deepending of the depositional environment from Balarud Fault. Cementation, micritization, compaction, solution seams, neomorphism, disolution, fracturing, pyritization, phosphatization, gluconitization and bioturbation are the main diagentic processes. However, cementation is most dominant in shallow marine facies in the Abadan plain, whereas, pyritization, stylolite and fracture are the most prevailing processes in deeper marine facies of the Ilam Formation in Lurestan. There is a limited distribution of porosity, but the most dominant types are, interpartical, microporosity and fracture related porosity. The Ilam carbonates are mostly affected by shallow to deep burial diagenesis in Lurestan,

The present study has focused on the lithology and mineralogy of the Bangestan reservoir shale unit, 5 meters thick at the 45 m below the upper boundary of Sarvak formation, located in the Lali oil field, to clear the existing lithostratigraphic ambiguities which refer it as a tongue of the Surgah Formation. After examining the petrophysical logs to determine the exact location of these deposits and core descriptions, the petrography was performed, and XRD analyses to recognize the mineralogy of the total sample as well as clay minerals. Core studying indicates that the unit is pyrite bearing gray shales. Moreover, based on petrography, the studied samples are argillaceous and fossil-free mudstone. The results of the XRD analysis show that the mineralogy of these deposits is mainly clay minerals, calcite, quartz, and pyrite. The samples' average abundance of clay minerals is 56%, and the most frequent ones are the mixed-layered clays (illite/smectite), illite, and kaolinite, respectively. The SEM images often exhibit clay minerals of detrital origin. Due to the lack of fossils, the age of this unit was determined based on its stratigraphic position, which is surrounded by the Sarvak Formation deposits of the Cenomanian age and is distinguished from the Sorgah Formation (Turonian- Santonian age). Due to the absence of deep-marine organisms in this unit and the identification of lagoon and shoal carbonate microfacies in its surrounding layers, a calm and reducing lagoon environment is attributed to these sediments, which is against the deep marine of the Surgah Formation.

Nowadays, the invention and application of agricultural pest control non-chemical methods is one of the important and practical ones in pest management programs in most societies of the world. Meanwhile, a large number of studies have been focused on bio-based pesticides. In this regard, new formulations of plant insecticides have been developed as a suitable alternative to artificial pesticides. In this research, respiratory and contact toxicity of pure and formulated Eucalyptus globulus Labill. essential oil and respiratory toxicity durability of its essential oil nanocapsules on adult insects of Tribolium confusum Herbest. (Col., Tenebrionidae) were investigated under laboratory conditions. According to the results, for respiratory toxicity, the pure and formulated essential oil LC50 at 24 h was obtained 46.39 and 1472 μl.l-1 of air, respectively. The formulated essential oil LT50 in three concentrations of LC25, LC50, and LC90 was determined 12.3, 10.39, and 0.36 days, respectively. The results also showed that the contact toxicity of formulated essential oil (LC50= 19030 μl.l-1) on this insect was much higher than the contact toxicity of pure one (LC50= 3770 μl.l-1). Therefore, due to the good stability of the formulated essential oil in respiratory toxicity and the excellent effect in contact toxicity, after additional tests, eucalyptus essential oil nanocapsules could be used in the management of this important pest.

Lactobacillus casei probiotic is one of the probiotics used in aquaculture industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus casei probiotic on the growth performance, blood parameters, and intestinal microbial flora in goldfish (Carassius auratus) for 60 days. In this study, 180 fish with an average weight of 10.11± 0.16 g were randomly distributed into two treatments with three replicates (n= 30) including commercial diet (control treatment) and diet containing L. casei probiotics at 107 CFU / g (experimental treatment).The results showed that the final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and condition factor (CF) in the treatment containing L. casei had a significant increase compared to the control group (P <0.05). The results also showed that the inclusion of L. casei probiotic to the goldfish diet resulted in increase the number of white blood cells compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, a significant increase in total number and intestinal lactic acid bacteria in the treatment containing probiotic Lactobacillus was observed compared to the control group (P<0.05). Therefore, addition of L. casei probiotic enhanced growth performance and intestinal lactic acid bacteria in goldfish (C. auratus).

Given the fact that one of the main limitations of growth and development of Iran's agriculture sector is 'capital', this study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the facilities granted to projects to improve and increase the livestock and poultry production in Razavi Khorasan province of Iran. For this purpose, the concerned criteria were identified by Delphi technique and using the structural equation technique, the impact of effective factors on the effectiveness of the facilities granted to the projects was measured. The combined index of the effectiveness of the facilities granted to the plans for improving and increasing livestock and poultry productions were almost moderate, estimating 48.9 and 47.3 percent, respectively. Among the effectiveness indicators of the facilities granted to the plan to improve and increase livestock production, the indicators of 'improving milk quality', 'increasing conversion ratio and added value of milk production' and 'increasing conversion ratio and added value of red meat production' and among the effectiveness indicators of the facilities granted to the plan to improve and increase poultry production, the indicators of 'improving egg quality', 'increasing conversion ratio and value added of egg production' and 'increasing conversion ratio and value added of chicken meat production' had the least effectiveness. In general, the facilities granted to the beneficiaries of the above plan during the studied period in Razavi Khorasan province were not effective due to various factors such as unfavorable economic conditions in the period under review, changes in laws and regulations, frost, drought and finally, the lack of support and assistance of the banking system. Therefore, it was suggested to the authoriries of the agriculture sector to create a balance between the return and the interest rate of repayment, the assistance of the banks with the loss-bearing beneficiaries and especially, the development of agricultural insurance.

Potato Tuber Moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is one of the most destructive pests of potatoes under field and storage conditions. Exploiting plant resistance may help control the pest in an eco-friendly manner. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the resistance status of six common potato cultivars (Banba, Bellini, Draga, Marfona, Jelly, and Milva) under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 65±5% RH and 14:10 (L: D) hours photoperiod). Life history and demographic parameters of P. operculella under laboratory conditions were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory, which could be appropriate indices in resistance and susceptibility evaluation of potato cultivars. Pre-adult development was slower on Marfona and faster on Banba (19.91 and 21.93 days, respectively) compared to the other cultivars. The longest oviposition days was found on Jelly (8.20 days), while the shortest (5.43 days) was on Bellini. The maximum values of r and λ were found on Marfona (r= 0.160 d-1, λ= 1.173 d-1), whereas the minimum values were recorded on Draga (r= 0.092 d-1, λ= 1.096 d-1). According to the findings of the present study, Draga was considered resistant and a less favorable host plant for the development and reproduction of PTM. These demographic data may be used to better understand the population dynamics of the pest on the six potato cultivars tested, thereby inevitably improve efficient pest management approaches for PTM in both organic and conventional production systems.

Autism is a complex disability that challenges not only the individual but also the family and society. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapies and acceptance and commitment on quality of life and mental well-being of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a 3-month follow-up. The statistical population included all mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder presenting the autism association of Guilan province in 2019. Using available sampling method, 51 people were selected and randomly entered into the study in three groups of 17: cognitive-behavioral therapy, acceptance-based therapy, and commitment and witness therapy. Therapeutic interventions were applied for 2 months for the experimental groups. The control group did not receive any intervention. Demographic information checklists and Harper and Power quality of life questionnaires and Keys and Margiamo mental well-being questionnaires were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using repeated measures statistical methods of variance and Bephroni post hoc test at a significant level of 0.05 using Spss24 software.

The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment increased the quality of life and mental well-being of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (p<0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment in increasing the quality of life and mental well-being of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (p>0.05).

According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the use of interventions based on cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment can increase the quality of life and mental well-being in mothers of children with spectrum disorders.

To consider the importance of avoiding corrosion of weld metal under various environmental conditions, the investigation into the efficiency of different welding methods with different types of electrodes will be inevitable. In this paper, the strength and compatibility of various welding methods were experimentally investigated considering four welding types, including arc welding with phosphor bronze electrode, arc welding with steel electrode, oxy-acetylene welding with bronze electrode, and oxy-acetylene welding with brass electrode. In this regard, first, the material properties of the base metal were determined by tensile testing and then, the behaviors of 46 test samples were examined under three loading conditions of tensile, shear, and bending. Investigation of the experimental results showed that with an acceptable approximation, the strength of arc welding with steel electrode could be considered the same at all thicknesses and the effect of thickness on the tensile strength of the weld could be ignored. while the plate thickness has a remarkable effect on the quality of the oxy-acetylene welding. Also, the results of experiments showed that arc welding with steel electrodes in different types of samples had higher strength than other three types of welding. Then, the strength of arc welding with phosphor bronze electrode was in the second grade.

The study of the yeasts isolated from the least studied fermented sources may have the potential to deal with the unique isolates. In this study, one of the predominant yeasts was isolated from fermented buckwheat. The isolate was identified by amplifying the target sequence of 650 bp of its ITS gene and sequencing PCR products. Afterward, some potential probiotic features of the isolates, including survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, antibacterial effect, auto-aggregation, antibiotic resistance, antimycotic and hemolysis ability, as well as antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus were studied. Based on sequencing results of the PCR products, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was identified as the yeast isolate. The isolate had 85.07% viability in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The inhibitory effect of the isolate on Escherichia coli was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other foodborne bacteria. The yeast isolate had 84.60% auto-aggregation and 60.10% hydrophobicity capabilities. However, no hemolytic activity was observed. The yeast isolate was resistant to all of the studied antibiotics, and it was sensitive towards Ketoconazole among the common antifungal agents. In conclusion, the yeast isolate had appropriate potential to be used as a probiotic culture to produce fermented food products.

Hypoxia during pregnancy impairs fetal brain development. Fish oil acts as a reducer of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in improving memory. This study aimed to determine the effect of fish oil on the histomorphometric changes of the offsprings’ cerebrum and cerebellum caused by the hypoxia model during pregnancy rats.

In this experimental study, 36 pregnant female Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=6), including control, hypoxia, fish oil (1 mg/kg/day; orally), fish oil (0.5 mg/kg/day; orally), hypoxia + fish oil (1 mg/kg/day; orally), and hypoxia + fish oil (0.5 mg/kg/day; orally). The treatment period ranged from the sixth to the 15th day of pregnancy. On day 30 after birth, the rats were euthanized, and after removing the brain and measuring its weight, it was fixed in 10% formalin buffer. Histomorphometric changes of cerebrum and cerebellum were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests.

Hypoxia decreased the weight, volume, length, width, and thickness of the brain, and also increased the number of damaged neurons, the body size of Purkinje cells, and the percentage of damaged Purkinje cells (p<0.05).  And administration of fish oil to hypoxic rats improved the mentioned parameters (p<0.05).

According to the present study results, hypoxia during pregnancy can have destructive effects on offsprings’ brains, and administration of fish oil can to some extent prevent the detrimental effects of hypoxia on offsprings’ brains.

In this study, the effectiveness of granting facilities to water saving pool projects and developing greenhouse crops in the agricultural sector of Khorasan Razavi province was evaluated. Investment is one of the most important factors for economic growth in the countries. Purposeful banking facilities are one of the most important factors in increasing investment and boosting production and can provide the necessary ground for improving the welfare of the community. Hence, today one of the main goals of the government's economic policy is to push resources and bank credits towards productive and capital activities. Also, one of the most limiting inputs for agricultural sector development in Iran is capital. But, the most important question of the capital market is how effective this facility was?

This research is based on descriptive-survey and considering that its variables occurred in the past, it is categorized as case-study research. Statistical population of this study contains experts of Agricultural Jihad Organization of Khorasan Razavi province in fields of water saving pool projects and greenhouse crops development, utilizers of agricultural sector who used facilities of water saving pool projects and development of greenhouse crops plans and also supervising experts of those plans. Sample size of utilizations and supervising experts in each of water saving pool and development of greenhouse crops projects is calculated based on Morgan Table sample size calculator. For this purpose, firstly, by using the Delphi technique, the effectiveness indicators of granting facilities to water saving pool projects and developing greenhouse crops in the form of dimensions: program logic, quality of implementation, results of design and effectiveness, were extracted and then the situation Facility grants to the projects were reviewed during 2011-2012. Finally, by structural equations, the effectiveness of the factors influencing the effectiveness of grant facilities to the plans was measured. The results showed that the logic of granting facilities is of high level and among its indicators; the degree of compliance of facilities with upstream documents is the most logic. The quality of performance of the facility is low and among its indicators, the proportionality of the type and amount of bank guarantee, and the rate of interest repayment with the expected rate of return has the lowest performance.

Results shows that logic of  facilities granted to the water saving pool projects and development plans of greenhouse crops  performed in high level and equivalent to (73/2 %)  and (71/3%) respectively. Also among the logic indicators of program of granting facility to mentioned projects and plans, compliance rate of project facilities with the upstream developing documents is at the highest level of logic. In terms of performance quality , facilities granted to the water saving pool and development of greenhouse crops projects, performed in low level  and equivalent to (41/4%) and (38/3%) respectively. Also among the performance quality indicators of granting facilities to mentioned projects, indicators of proportion of type and amount of bank guarantee according to utilization capability, the interest rate proportion of repayment of the facility at the expected rate of return and proportion of repayment amount and utilization capability, respectively had lowest quality of performance and caused disaffection of utilizations. operational results of  granting facilities to water saving pools and development of greenhouse crops projects have almost a moderate level and equivalent to (56/5%) and (55/7%) respectively. Also according to indicators of operational performances of mentioned projects, success indicators of granting facilities and compliance rate of project details and operational plans, have the least expected operational performance rate respectively.
The results of study also indicated that efficiency of granting facilities to water saving pool as well as development of greenhouse crops projects have almost a mediocre level equivalent to (56/8%) and (55/6%) respectively. Among the efficiency of granting facilities to water saving pool project, indicators of Level of cultivation, increase of production, and increase of sustainable employment, standing in first to third rank respectively. Also product quality improvement index has the least efficiency. Among the indicators of the effectiveness of the granted facilities to the project of development of greenhouse crops, product quality improvement, efficiency increase, value added and performance improvement indicators have the least efficiency.
 

Generally, results of interviews with utilizers and experts shows that facilities granted to examined utilization by agricultural sector of Khorsan Razavi province among these years of Research, have not been effective mostly due to various factors such as unfavorable economic conditions prevailing in the period under study, Changes in rules and regulations, Frostbite, Drought and Finally, the lack of support and assistance from the banking system.Therefore, it is recommended to officials of this section to create a proportion between the returns and the rate of interest repayment, the assistance of banks with the affected operators and, in particular, the development of insurance for agricultural products.

The importance and position of knowledge management in the university as a revolutionary institution that is responsible for training and cultivating managers and commanders and has a large workforce and various fields of work, is twofold. Meanwhile, the role of university administrators in creating culture and as a result, successful implementation of knowledge management systems with a jihadist approach is very prominent and fundamental. The main purpose of this study is to explain the components of knowledge management with a jihadist approach. By referring to the texts related to the research topic, they collected the materials and prepared a theoretical framework model and at the same time an existing and desirable questionnaire was prepared which were reviewed and modified using the validity method of the agreement. Then, using Cronbach's test, the reliability of the questionnaire questions and its components were checked and confirmed. Were located. Using SPSS and Smart PLS statistical software, the effect of knowledge management components with a jihadi approach on the skills of university administrators was investigated. After examining the components of knowledge management with a jihadi approach, it was found that these indicators can be examined in the six axes of divine intention, flexibility, unpaid service, teamwork, provincial approach and transformation. The results showed that knowledge management with a jihadist approach has a positive and significant effect on managers' skills.

The Gurpi Formation (Late Cretaceous-Paleogene) has been considered as a cap rock and source rock because of its stratigraphic position between two important Bangestan and Asmari reservoirs. The purpose of this study is geochemical evaluation of the Gurpi Formation as a possible source rock at Poshteh section in Kabir-kuh structure, consist of hydrocarbon enrichment (quantity), kerogen type (quality) and thermal maturity of organic matter. The TOC content of 31 studied samples from the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Gurpi Formation ranges from 0.04 to 1.67 (average 0.32 wt.%) and 0.13 to 0.33 (average 0.22 wt.%) in13 studied samples from the Paleogene succession. Also, the S2 parameter varies between 0.02 to 6.66 (average 0.87 mgHC/grRock) and 0.03 to 0.26 (average 0.07 mgHC/grRock) for the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene succession respectively, which means poor to fair hydrocarbon potential for Upper Cretaceous and poor for Paleogene deposits in studied section. The HI/OI and the S2/TOC diagrams indicate that the Upper Cretaceous deposits are mainly composed of type II to II / III kerogen, related to the suboxic marine environment, and the ability of oil and gas generation. However, the Paleogene succession is mainly composed of type IV and III kerogen, deposited in oxic environment and has no hydrocarbon generation potential. The determined organic facies for the Upper Cretaceous succession range C to D and for the Paleogene succession range B to C and C. Maturity indicator parameters of PI and, Tmax reveals oil generation window for the Gurpi samples in the studied area.

Bread enrichment with fiber-rich leafy vegetables and fermented by-products of milling has gained more attention in recent years. In the present study, the antifungal lactic acid bacterium isolated from Tarkhineh was used as starter culture in controlled wheat germ sourdough in order to improve quality and safety of the white wheat bread containing wheat germ sourdough along with dehydrated spinach puree. The optimized formulation (10% wheat germ sourdough and 20% dehydrated spinach puree, which were replaced by wheat flour) was determined based on the crumb softness of the enriched breads. Then, the quality characteristics of the supplemented breads were studied in terms of textural properties, antioxidant activity, surface moldiness, phytic acid content and organoleptic acceptability. The sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products led to the identification of Lactococcus lactis as the selected antifungal lactic acid bacterium isolate. Texture profile analysis revealed the significant effect (P< 0.05) of wheat germ sourdough and dehydrated spinach puree on crumb hardness and loaf specific volume of the produced breads. Bread containing wheat germ sourdough along with dehydrated spinach puree had the highest radical scavenging activity. Green zone of Asprgillus flavus growth on wheat germ sourdough supplemented bread and phytic acid content of the aforementioned sample were also remarkably lower than the others. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between bread enriched with wheat germ sourdough and wheat germ sourdough along with dehydrated spinach puree in terms of sensory acceptability compared to the control sample.

The Dezful Embayment is a depressed area within the Zagros Folded Belt. This embayment represents a foreland basin where subsidence at the foot of the uplifting mountain front fault has resulted in the deposition of thick post-Oligocene sediments. It has been one of the most productive areas where several potential source rock units with different geological ages were deposited in this tectonically developed depression making this area as the most prolific region in the Middle East. It is divided into northern and southern parts. The South Dezful Embayment at the foreland part of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt is a post-Oligocene subsiding basin. To the southeast, the South Dezful Embayment is bounded to the Kazerun Fault Zone and to the west, it bounded by the hendijan Fault zone, which is an N-S trending paleo-structure. Due to its vast oil resources, it has attracted the attention of researchers during time. The Dariyan Formation-Aptian age- is known as a carbonate reservoir in the Zagros Basin. It overlies the Gadvan Formation conformably and is overlain unconformably by Kazhdumi Formation. In the studied area, the Dariyan Formation has a thickness ranging from 195 to 45 m and can be divided into three members that are as follows: Lower Dariyan, Middle Dariyan, and Upper Dariyan. The Lower Dariyan consists of thick to medium-bedded limestone. The middle part of the Dariyan Formation is the so-called Kazhdumi Tongue. This part consists of thick black to greenish-grey shale and marl layers associated with a high abundance of planktonic foraminifers. In the East-West trend thickness of this part changes from 100 To 0 m where middle Dariyan and also Upper Dariyan change to Kazhdumi facies toward Kazhdumi intra-shelf basin in central part of Dezful embayment. The upper Dariyan Formation is composed of buff to grey medium, thick-bedded limestone. Many studies have been focused on Reservoir properties of Dariyan Carbonates in Zagros basin and Arabian plate but this is the first time that hydrocarbon source rock of the Middle part of Dariyan potential is going to be evaluated. The result may help to define new Petroleum systems that middle Dariyan will important role as a source rock for Upper Dariyan and above reservoirs.

Indruction: 

Given the nutritional value of the dates, and the Iran national convention as the leading manufacturer in the world to date, allowing the use of products derived from the processing of date deemed to be necessary. Whey cheese factories waste material component is considered to have a high nutritional value of and yet the price is far lower than in milk as a result of use of this material has value.

In this study, four alternative levels of date syrup (25, 50, 75 and 100%) instead of vanilla sugar production based on whey was used, and the parameters sensory physicochemical and rheological behavior discussed.

The results of this study showed that with increasing the percentage of substitution of date syrup with sugar in ice cream formulation due to the decrease in the strength of ice cream texture, the amount of overrun decreased so that the rate of overrun in the control sample was 54.5% and in the sample containing 100% date syrup was 42.5 %. The melting resistance index was a similar trend that in the blank sample was 20.54 minutes and in the sample containing 100% date syrup was 14.43 minutes. In addition, the viscosity index decreased significantly at the level of 5% and increase the percentage of visible substitution discolor samples of ice cream was produced by. The flow behavior index for all samples was less than 1. Analysis of the sensory properties of ice cream manufacturing production showed that 50% date syrup substitution sugar with the best properties of the sense of sight was appraiser.

According to the results, it can be concluded that the use of date sap is a good alternative to sugar in ice cream formulation. Induction: Given the nutritional value of the dates, and the Iran national convention as the leading manufacturer in the world to date, allowing the use of products derived from the processing of date deemed to be necessary. Whey cheese factories waste material component is considered to have a high nutritional value of and yet the price is far lower than in milk as a result of use of this material has value.

Non-specific chronic low back pain is the most common type of chronic low back pain in todaychr('39')s society and achieving a therapeutic exercise program has always been the focus of improvement in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. The current study aims at investigating the effects of four-week exercise in the water on the disability, flexibility, and muscle strength of middle-aged men with non-specific chronic low back pain.

 In the present quasi-experimental study, 25 middle-aged men with nonspecific chronic low back pain referred to Noorafshar Hospital in Tehran were randomly divided into two groups, exercise in water (n = 13) and control (n = 12). The training group carried out the selected exercise for 4 weeks and 3 sessions in a week. Before and after the exercise protocol, disability, flexor and extensor muscles strength, and hamstring flexibility were measured using the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, Straight Leg Lowering test, Dynamometer, and SLR Test, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Paired t-test (intra-group changes) and independent t-test (inter-group differences). 

After the intervention, the level of disability in the experimental group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Also hamstring flexibility (P = 0.001) and the strength (P = 0.001) and flexibility of trunk flexor muscles (P = 0.001) were significantly increased in the experimental group.

 The results of the present study indicated that exercise in water could have positive effects on reducing disability, increasing hamstring flexibility and trunk muscle strength in men with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Therefore, exercise in water recommended as a method for middle-aged men with non-specific chronic low back pain that has trunk muscle weakness, reduced hamstring flexibility, and increased disability. However, a comprehensive statement on this issue requires further study in this area.