abbasi

The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of education of Imago therapy on reducing regret of choosing a spouse among married students in Gonbad Kavous schools. The current research is a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study was all married students in Gonbad Kavous schools. 30 students were selected based on a standard score of higher than the mean in the regret of choosing a spouse scale and were assigned randomly to an experiment and control groups. The participants completed the regret of choosing a spouse scale in three stages pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of imago therapy program for 90 minutes twice a week. Analysis of covariance showed that education of Imago therapy has led to a reduction in regret of choosing a spouse in the experimental group than the control group at posttest and follow-up stages. The findings of research indicate that Imago therapy is a suitable method for reducing the regret of choosing a spouse among the married students.

In this research, the thermo-mechanical behavior of SWCNTs reinforced polymer has been characterized using an analytical method based on semi-continuum modeling. For this reason, a representative volume element of CNT reinforced polymer with cyclic symmetry boundary condition is used while the nanotube reinforcement is modeled in nanoscale and its surrounding polymer is considered as a continuum environment. Applying the cyclic symmetry boundary conditions in the problem-solving procedure causes satisfactory agreement between the results of the analytical method and the actual conditions. The interphase between the nanotube and polymer is also modeled using the cohesive stresses and the mechanical properties extracted from the Vander-Waals forces between the atoms of nanotube and polymer. In general, the thermal residual stresses in polymer/CNT nanocomposites can occur due to the significant differences between the thermal expansion coefficient of polymer and CNT. In the present paper, the semi-continuum modeling has been firstly explained and then the role of some effective parameters such as volume fraction, aspect ratio, and temperature change on the residual thermal stresses has been studied. Although, based on some available researches in macro scale, it seems that adding the CNTs to polymer leads to decreasing the thermal expansion of nanocomposite and consequently decreasing its thermal residual stresses. However, the results of this paper show that by inappropriate selection of some parameters such as the volume fraction and aspect ratio of nanotubes and also the temperature change, the residual thermal stresses increase between the polymer and nanotube which it can weaken the material strength.

The consequence of climate change in the natural habitats of arid and semi-arid regions is the reduction of species diversity which highlights the necessity of domestication and cultivation of wild species in agricultural systems. The medicinal plant caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is one of the valuable native plants in the natural arena that can be cultivated by recognizing patterns and stages of its growth in natural habitats and copying it .For this purpose, in order to study the ecological needs, phenological stages and growth habits of the valuable medicinal plant caper, the natural habitat of this plant in Mazdavand section of Sarakhs was selected and studies were conducted during 2016. The time interval for each phenological stage was calculated based on the number of days and growth degree day. Growth characteristics (canopy area, large and small canopy diameter and number of branches) were measured and the trend of changes was compared with sigmoid, quadratic, power and linear models. The results of ecological study showed that the habitat studied was affected by drought most of the year. Also, soil analysis showed that soil texture was silty loam, and soil acidity was in the alkaline range, and high amounts of EC at different soil depths also indicated high levels of salts in the soil. The habitat soil was poor in terms of macroelements (N, P and K) and organic carbon, and the amount of these elements were much lower than the optimum level in agricultural soils. Results showed that caper needs 211 days and 2745.3 degree days to complete its growth stages. Investigating the trend of growth changes in the habitat showed that the plant had a relatively high growth rate for canopy expansion in the first three months and after that growth rate decreased over time. Its growth pattern was best predicted by the sigmoid model. According to the results of the study on the growth habits of caper in the natural habitat and considering how it is spread on the land surface and its perennial life, it is recommended that the planting arrangement for caper in agricultural systems be designed so that the plants have enough space for canopy expansion.

Occupational injuries have several psychological, economic, social, and institutional consequences. Agriculture is a high-risk industry, but occupational injuries are mainly rooted in the behavior of farmers. The present study was conducted using the qualitative approach and the grounded theory method. The study population included members of the Faculty of Agricultural Science and Occupational Health of the School of Medical Science, agricultural experts, occupational health experts, and farmers who were selected through snowball sampling in Kermanshah province in western Iran. The data was collected through interviews. The findings showed that cognitive, personal management, cultural, organizational and economic factors affect agricultural occupational health behavior. In the research model, healthy growers, healthy products, and healthy society were the consequences of the use of appropriate strategies for agricultural occupational health behavior. Designing a native model of healthy behavior to promote occupational health is a step towards reducing injuries among farmers.

Knowledge management maturity is measured based on Siemens model and solutions for improvement are recommended.

100 NLAI employees evaluated the stage of the organization’s maturity for KM by responding to a researcher-made questionnaire.

All of the components of knowledge management maturity except education and training were below the average. Education and training was at level five. The components of leadership, culture, and information technology were at level two, whereas the components of rewards and incentives, recording employees' experiences, application of knowledge, staffs' skills and management are at level one. Access to knowledge and experiences has not been implemented in the organization. Overall maturity was at level one.

Forage production has recently reduced in some arid and semi-arid countries due to intensive grazing and consecutive dryness. Increasing scarcity of water irrigation, particularly in arid and semi-arid climates where agricultural systems are dependent upon supplemental irrigation, is becoming the most important problem for producing forage.The bio fertilizers can serve a potential tool for sustaining crop production without destruction of the soil and environment. Therefore, integrated application of bio fertilizer and chemical fertilizer seems to be a sustainable approach in agricultural systems. The plant growth promoting bacteria plays an important role in the crop growth and development through secretion of growth promoting metabolites and nutrient supply. These species increase nitrogen fixation and release plant growth promoting substances and hormones and improve nutrient and water uptake.Sorghum is becoming an increasingly important forage crop in many arid and semi-arid regions of the world especially in Iran because of its advantages over corn in warm and dry climates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer patterns and irrigation intervals on the quantity and quality of the sorghum forage.

The experiment was conducted as split plot design based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 15 treatments and three replications at the faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh during 2016. The treatments included three different irrigation regimes (irrigation after 60, 100 and 140 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan) and five different fertilization patterns (100% chemical fertilizer, bio fertilizer, bio fertilizer+ 75% chemical fertilizer, bio fertilizer+ 50% chemical fertilizer and bio fertilizer+ 25% chemical fertilizer). In the current research, quantity and quality properties including neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), Total digestibly nutrient (TDN), dry matter intake (DMI), Relative feed value (RFV), net energy for lactation (NEL) and ash was calculated. Analysis of variance of the data and mean comparison were carried out by MSTATC statistical software based on Duncan’s multiple range tests.

The results showed that the dry forage yield of sorghum was significantly affected by different irrigation and fertilization patterns. The highest forage yield (26.8 t.ha-1) was achieved in 100% chemical fertilizer that was not significantly different with bio fertlizer+ 75% chemical fertilizer. Also, the lowest dry forage yield (20.6 t.h-1) was observed in application of bio fertilizer. The reason for the increase of dry matter yield in integrated application of chemical and bio fertilizers is attributed to improved nutrient uptake, increased photosynthesis, and more activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes by plant growth promoting bacteria. In addition, with increasing irrigation interval, the biomass yield of forage sorghum was significantly reduced. Decreasing the biomass yield of sorghum by increasing irrigation intervals may be due to reducing the absorption of fermentation elements, decreasing growth and leaf area, decreasing photosynthesis, increasing the damage caused by drought stress, and increasing the amount of active oxygen radicals. The highest values of DMD, TDN, RFV and NEL were achieved in bio fertilizer+ 25% chemical fertilizer. Also, the values of CP, WSC, DMI, DMD, TDN, RFV and NEL increased by enhancing irrigation intervals. Increase of the mentioned indices is attributed to decreasing of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) content under integrated application of chemical and bio fertilizers and increasing irrigation intervals. Results showed a positive and significant correlation between sorghum dry forage yield and crude protein yield, WSC, ADF and NDF. On the other hand, there was a negative and significant correlation between ADF and NDF with CP, DMI, DMD, TDN, RFV and NEL.

Generally, the results of this experiment demonstrated that different irrigation regimes and different fertilizer patterns had a significant effect on the quantitative and qualitative traits of the sorghum forage. The values of dry forage yield, crude fiber, ADF and NDF decreased by increasing irrigation intervals, while the values of leaf to stem ratio, CF, WSC, DMI, DMD, TDN, RFV and NEL increased in this irrigation round. In comparison between different fertilization patters, the highest forage yield was achieved in 100% chemical fertilizer that was no significantly different with bio fertilizer+ 75% chemical fertilizer. Also, the integrated application of bio fertlizer+ 25% chemical fertilizer significantly increased the content of DMI, DMD, TDN, RFV and NEL. Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that the integrated application of bio fertilizers with chemical fertilizer in drought stress conditions resulted in quantitative and qualitative improvement of sorghum forage.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second most important cereal in the world after wheat. Chemical inputs including fertilizers and pesticides are applied to paddy lands to enhance yield and control pests and diseases. Although, this crop has been cultivated organically in some parts of the world. Despite a lot of research, policy and public attention, only a small portion of the total agricultural land has been dedicated to organic farming. Due to the destructive effects of conventional agriculture on the environment through the excessive use of chemical inputs, switching to sustainable agriculture is increasing day by day. One of the pillars of sustainable agriculture is the use of organic fertilizers in agro-ecosystems with the aim of eliminating the use of chemical fertilizers. Organic rice cultivation is emerging as a sustainable alternative in Mazandaran province which has numerous capabilities to transit from conventional to organic agriculture. The present study, therefore, was designed to evaluate the quantitative and quality characteristics of rice in three conventional, low-input and organic agricultural systems in Mazandaran Province.

The present study was conducted during 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons in three different regions of Mazandaran province (Babol, Fereydounkenar and Amol cities). For organic, low-input and conventional agricultural systems, three, four and six fields were selected in these cities, respectively. Selected fields had been under the same agricultural system for at least the last three years. In organic agricultural systems, standard poultry manure and biofertilizers including Azotobacter and Barvar2 were used. Also, Trichogramma bee, sex pheromones, fungicides, and biological insecticides were applied to control the common pests and diseases. Furthermore, the weeds were controlled manually. In the low-input system, minimum amounts of external inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides were applied as compared to the conventional system. At the beginning of the growing season, the farmers were justified to apply all agronomic operations from the seedbed preparation to harvest in accordance with recommendations of the Rice Research Institute of Iran. Agronomic characteristics and physical quality properties including grain yield, conversion efficiency, hull percentage, head rice percentage and chemical properties including protein content, amylose percentage, and gelatinization temperature were determined. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and mean comparison by SAS 9.4 statistical software.

The results showed that in two regions of Babol and Amol, the conventional and low-input systems had more grain yield than an organic system. Among three regions, the highest grain (4978.33 kg.ha-1) and biological (8532.33 kg.ha-1) yields were obtained in the Fereydounkenar region in the low-input system. Those yields were 4.73 and 2.80 percent, and 29.99 and 29.12 percent more than the conventional and organic systems, respectively. In terms of grain quality characteristics, despite higher percentage of protein content in 2015 and 2016 (6.27 and 1.04) in conventional culture, the maximum conversion efficiency (68.05 and 69.05) and complete rice percentage (64.70), seed length after baking (13.46), the least husk percentage (22.47 and 21.86), bran (9.47 and 9.08) and broken rice (4.00 and 2.14) were recorded in organic farming system.

In conclusion, low-input sustainable farming would be more appropriate because of its greater yield and less consumption of chemical inputs, which reduces expenses while increasing sales income. In terms of the quality, particularly conversion efficiency, however, organic farming was better than the other two systems. In general, in the present conditions, it is important to consider not only the grain yield but also the yield quality. Accordingly, low-input agricultural system could be recommended to the farmers, but in the long run, the organic agricultural system will be advisable to meet both food safety and environmental health. However, the decision, in this case, requires further studies and perennial experiments.

The aim of this research was to determine the psychometric properties of Moral Identity Questionnaire.

Research method was correlational, and population included 10183 male and female students of Mazandaran University in 2017-2018 academic year. Among them, on the basis of sampling table of Morgan and Krejcie 1970 and through multistage cluster random sampling, 381 students for EFA and 384 students for CFA and reliability (in total 765) of the questionnaire were selected. In the sampling process, four faculties of humanity and social sciences, chemistry, economics and administrative sciences and basic sciences were randomly selected among twelve faculties. From the department of each faculty, two bachelor’s classes, one master class and one PhD class were selected. Totally, 726 students answered the Black and Reynolds’s (2016) moral identity questionnaire. After removing 61 incomplete questionnaires, 665 questionnaires were analyzed.

The results of EFA indicated that the questionnaire has two dimensions of moral self and moral integrity, which was verified by CFA as well. The result of Pearson correlation showed a moderate correlation between the dimensions (r= 0.29, P= 0.0001) and a very strong correlation between moral self dimension (r= 0.74, P= 0.0001), and moral integrity dimension (r=0.85, P=0.0001) with the total score of the questionnaire. Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha for the dimensions and total score varied from 0.80 to 0.85.

MIQ is appropriate for 18 years old subjects and above. It has an acceptable reliability and validity and can be used to measure moral identity of students and other classes of the society to identify moral self and moral integrity factors.

Simulation of water and salt transfer in soil is very effective in managing optimal water and fertilizer use in the field. In this study, the HYDRUS-1D model was used to simulate the transfer of water and bromide in a laboratory column of soil with clay loam texture. Soil hydraulic parameters (including air entry point) α, (saturated hydraulic conductivity) ks, (residual moisture content) θr (saturation moisture content) θs, (pore and particle joint parameter) l (parameter of moisture curve shape) n through measurement and using Retc software was obtained Solubility transfer parameters including difiusion coefficient and actual velocity were estimated using soil hydraulic parameters and bromide concentration data by reverse modeling method. According to the target coefficients, the sensitivity analysis of the physical model was performed .The results showed that the correlation coefficient of observation and simulation bromide concentration in optimal mode was 0.84%. accordingly, the diffusion coefficient was estimated to be 4.9 cm. based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, the saturation hydraulic conductivity had the greatest effect on the variation of this parameter, so that the amount sensitivity coefficient of this parameter was 2.64 The RMSE coefficient with a value of 0.04 was the lowest and ME coefficient with the value of -0.0001 had the most parameter variations.

Damage is known as a major risk to adult health in the world and is the most common cause of death. Fraud and scenes and fake accidents are a social disorder and a serious threat to the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of false accidents in Mazandaran Province Forensic Medical Center in 2011-2016.

In this descriptive-analytical research, all available cases of false accidents in Mazandaran Province Forensic Medical Center during 2011-2016 were studied. The tool used in the research was a questionnaire prepared on the basis of patterns and components in the relevant files. Data were categorized and analyzed by SPSS 20 software using descriptive statistics.

Of the 79 cases reviewed, 94.9% were male, 50.6% were single and 82.2% had freelance job. The most common type of accidents was motorcycle collision with car (35.4%) and the most of the injured was motorcycle driver (30.4%). 58.2% of the studied cases lived outside the province, which 38.0% of them reported the traveling as the reason for being in the province.

In most cases, false accidents occur in the late hours of the night and the first hours of the day. Usually the vehicle has one or two occupants and the accident happens somewhere outside the city. Injuries are common to all occupants and in most cases are symmetric. All of these cases indicate that the reported accidents are fictitious. Most of the people surveyed also have freelance jobs.

The present research was undertaken to investigate the relationship between spouses’ perception of sacrificing behavior, alexithymia, and marital burnout among primary school teachers. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all primary school teachers in Amol from among whom 200 teachers were selected through random multi-stage cluster sampling method. The instruments included Perception of Sacrifice Scale (Harper & Figuerres, 2008), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (1994), and Couple Burnout Measure (Pines, 1996). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings indicated that spouses’ perception of sacrificing behavior was negatively associated with marital burnout, whereas alexithymia was positively correlated with marital burnout (P<0.001). Regression analysis also showed that spouses’ perception of sacrificing behavior could negatively predict marital burnout, while alexithymia positively predicted this variable. Among predictor variables, alexithymia was the most important predictor of marital burnout. Based on the findings, school psychologists and counselors can use life skills training programs to enhance sacrificing behavior and reduce problems caused by alexithymia among teachers and as a result decrease teachers’ marital burnout.

Considering the importance of investment in renewable energies and the numerous uses of this technology in the agriculture sector, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the decision-making process in renewable energies investment in the agricultural sector in Iran. This study is a non-experimental survey research in which structural equations modeling method was used for data analysis (LISREL 8.72). The statistical population consisted of 130 investors of active companies in the area of renewable energies in the agriculture sector throughout Iran. Using Krejcie and Morgan Table as well as simple random sampling method, 97 (n= 97) individuals were chosen as the sample size. The main data collection instrument was questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. To measure the reliability of the research tool, 30 copies of the questionnaire were completed by active investors in the area of renewable energies as well as the experts of Iranian Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Organization. Then, Cronbach Alpha coefficient was calculated by SPSS 22 for different sections of the completed questionnaire, which showed a good reliability. Based on the results, since the calculated Composite Reliability (CR) index was larger than 0.6 and the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) was larger than 0.5 for each of the five external and internal latent studied variables, the latent variables had convergent and divergent validity. The results indicated that among the studied variables, knowledge of renewable energy technology, a priori beliefs, market policy preferences, institutional pressure, and attitude toward radical technological innovations had the greatest impact on the renewable energies investment decision-making process in the agriculture sector, respectively.

Implementation of Conservation Agriculture (CA) project is a process of multi-participation that involves actors from agricultural researchers and scientists, extension agents, private consulting firms, pioneer farmers, rural cooperatives, family members, peer farmers, etc. The social interactions between farmers and actors drive the CA development. Therefore, this study analyzes the social network structures and characteristics of various actors by social network analysis in seven processes of applying CA in Iran. The research sample was composed of farmers who participated in the CA project in three provinces of Fars, Golestan, and Khuzestan (n= 133). The research instrument was a questionnaire that was designed as a matrix. The findings showed that pioneer farmers, CA farmers, and family members were the main actors in the farmers' social network. It can be concluded that these actors were the main social power in applying CA principles by farmers and they constituted the main centrality of the farmers' social network. It means that farmers are more likely to interact with local actors, and they interact less with the government and the actors outside the rural community. Therefore, it can be recommended that social power should be identified and project management should be organized through them in attempts to implement CA.

In this article, a numerical study of the effect of splitter plates located on the wake zone of a square cylinder on vortex formation control and aerodynamic noise reduction is presented. The flow is assumed to be unsteady and is simulated using the URANS equations and applying the turbulence model $K-omega-SST$. Aerodynamic noise calculations are carried out by the use of lighthill analogy. For this purpose, a cylinder with a square cross-section (D = 10 mm) has been used and splitters are assumed to have a constant thickness of 2 mm with different lengths. In order to verify the numerical results, the sound pressure level obtained in different situations is compared with the experimental results, and good agreement is observed. The significant reduction of the level of sound pressure of 15% and the reduction of fluctuations with the increase of the Wake area, as well as the reduction of aerodynamic forces by applying splitter, are the results of this study. By applying a splitter with a length equal to the cylinder side, the difference in forward and backward pressure of the intermediate pressure decreases by about 40%, which results in a decrease of about 16% in the averaged drag. In this case, the Reynolds stress is reduced by about 60% as well as the pressure fluctuations by about 50%. The observation of the structure of the flow indicates that the splitter application is prevented from moving the fluid into the inner surface of the shear layers detached by the downstream splitter. The observation of the structure of the flow indicates that the splitter application is prevented from moving the fluid into the inner surface of the shear layers detached by the downstream spinner. Investigating the details of the unsteady flow structure shows that fluctuations in flow and aerodynamic forces have been reduced due to a longitudinal increase in the wake zone.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose plant; since its seeds contain multi-saturated fatty acids it is grown as an oilseed plant. Drought stress at late season, reduces both seed yield and quality. On the other hand, the use of nanoparticles due to their high contact surfaces can reduce the effects of environmental stresses. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Nano-silicon oxide (10 and 20 mM), Nano-titanium dioxide (25 and 50 mM) and Nano-zinc (30 and 60 mM) on the growth and yield of spring safflower exposed to different moisture regimes (non-stress, drought stress, and severe stress) in 2015. The results of this study showed that the application of nanoparticles decreases the negative effects of drought stress. Among nanoparticles, the application of nano-titanium improved the amount of chlorophyll index, concentration of protein, ash and oil, moisture content, α-amylase activity and canopy temperatures by 11.45, 28.68, 15.47, 14, 38.02, 16.38 and 16.71 percent, respectively. The highest amounts of linoleic and oleic fatty acids were observed in 50 mM nano-titanium treatments and non-application of nanoparticles under drought stress conditions. It can be concluded that application of nanoparticles, especially nano-titanium, may have a positive effect on reducing the effects of drought stress and improve the quality and quantity of safflower seed oil.

Fertigation is an effective method to increase water and fertilizer use efficiencies. In present study, a field experiment was carried out factorially in a randomized complete block design with four replicates to evaluate the effects of furrow fertigation on water and fertilizer use efficiencies, yield and yield components of corn. Six fertigation treatments combining two fertilizer split levels (3 and 4 splits) and three levels of urea fertilizer (60, 80 and 100% of required fertilizer) were compared with broadcast fertilization. The results showed that application of nitrogen in four splits, provided more grain yield. Besides, by consuming low fertilizer in the fertigation treatments due to broadcast fertilization method, water and fertilizer use efficiencies were increased. The highest grain yield and water use efficiency were achieved in the three split treatment with 100% level, while there were no significant differences of grain yield and water use efficiency between this treatment and the four split treatment with 60% level. Therefore, by applying 60 percent of required fertilizer in four splits, while achieving optimal performance, the level of environmental pollution will be reduced.

Compares the performance of fuzzy and non-fuzzy search engines and measures the overlap among them.

Search engines included were selected by accidental classified and purposeful sampling. Data was gathered using three lists based on a subject headings list, carried out in three formats including search questions, phrases, and keywords search.

Meta Crawler, Bing, and Emerald showed the highest rate of precision among the non-fuzzy search engines respectively, while Google, Yahoo and ASK obtained the showed the highest level of precision among the fuzzy ones respectively. With regard to keyword searching, Bing and Meta Crawler showed the highest level of overlap, while Yahoo and Meta Crawler had the highest level of overlap in question searching. With regards to phrase searching, the most overlap was between Yahoo and Meta Crawler. Emerald results were had no overlap with the other five search engines in the three types of queries. This could be seen as its poor performance.

Overall performance of fuzzy search engines was better. Except for Emerald, other search engines showed considerable levels of overlap.

Considering the importance of enhancing water use efficiency in the production of crops in the Iran; and due to the appropriateness of time series methods in the analysis and future studies of the behavior of water engineering phenomena, the aim of this study was to analyze and future study of water use efficiency in wheat production in Tabriz plain with suitable time series models. The modeling (based on 30 years data), test (based on 12 years data) and future study (based on 18 years data) were made with 60 years (from 1354/1975 to 1413/2034) water use efficiency in wheat production. Fourteen time series models were evaluated to determine the suitable model. Based on common statistics, ARIMA (1,0,1) was detected as the most suitable model for water use efficiency in wheat production in Tabriz plain. Results revealed that water use efficiency in wheat production had approximately an increasingly trend. This index was from 0.11 to 0.68 kg m-3 with an average of 0.32 kg m-3. Scenarios and various promotion conditions were also considered to improve the water use efficiency in wheat production. If the water use efficiency in wheat production is increased by as much as 10, 15, 20 and 25 percent, then the index in the year 1413/2034 will be respectively equal to 0.95, 0.98, 1.01, and 1.05 kg m-3. With the continuation of the current trend and without applying the any improvement plan, the value of this index will be 0.89 1.05 kg m-3 in 1413/2034. Applicable procedure and solutions were proposed to significantly enhance water use efficiency in wheat production in the east of Urmia Lake.

In this study, according to the increasing production of meat products with higher nutritional value, the flour of sesame press cake, which is the waste of sesame seed oil extraction factory, was used as a low-priced supplement and rich in protein, fiber and minerals, together with soy meal in the formulation of sausage of 40% chicken meat.

Soy and sesame meal at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6% (100% sesame meal, 50% sesame meal and 50% soy meal, 100% soy meal) were added to the product to replace the wheat flour and compared to the control concerning the physicochemical (pH and moisture), color and textural properties of the samples (hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness and shear force).

By assessing the physicochemical and textural properties of the samples during storage period, the amount of pH, hardness and shear force  increased and moisture content and cohesiveness, L*, a* and b* of the samples decreased and no significant change was observed in the springiness of the samples. Increasing the amount of substitution in the samples caused increases in L* of the samples and shear force and reduced the amount of pH, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and a* of the samples. On the other hand, by increasing the ratio of sesame meal, the moisture content, pH, hardness, shear force, cohesiveness, b* and a* of the samples were reduced.

The use of sesame meal and soya in production of German sausage can produce acceptable product concerned with physicochemical and textural properties and higher nutritional value. The substitution of 3% sesame meal and 3% soy meal was introduced as the best sample.

In the supply chain of Fast-moving consumer goods, logistics costs are a main part of the expenses. In low levels of these chains, we usually face with a Vehicle Routing Problem. In practice, due to the high cost of service in many cases, some customers are not chosen for serving. Restrictions associated with the investment in many cases makes impossible serve to some potential clients. In this problem, design a supply chain network, including a location-allocation problem in the warehouse, Multiple Depot Vehicle Routing Problem at the level of distribution and customer selection at the retail level in several periods of time is considered. In this issue, in addition to certain methods that can be used in small sizes, Meta-heuristic algorithms to solve large-scale model have been used. With the aim of improving performance, if not improve in a few diversifications, algorithms are temporarily enhanced. In GA this change leads to improve 1.2 percent and 1.6 percent about the mean of solutions and the best solution and in SA algorithm, this change is led to improving by 2.1% and 2.4% in average solutions and the best solutions. Finally, this approach about a real problem in Sepahan Oil Company is employed.

Given the inevitable side effects of anesthetics in aquaculture, blood and biochemical assessments are among the appropriate ways of identifying their side effects. This study was aimed at comparing the effects of the density and the duration of two anesthetics, known as 2-fenoxyethanol and MS-222, on the blood stress indicators (Glucose & Cortisol) of Barbus grypus. To do this, 100 Barbus grypus weighing 50±5 g were selected and considered as three groups: one for anesthesia with 2-fenoxyethanol with concentrations of 200, 300 and 400 µl/l, one for anesthesia MS222 with concentrations of 40, 50 and 80 mg/l and one as the control group. For each of the anesthetics, the anesthesia times were recorded after the fishes reaching the 4 th and 5 th stages of anesthesia, then blood sampling was done in effective dose in 3minutes-6hours-12hours and 24 hours intervals. According to the results, the effective dose of anesthesia for 2-fenoxy ethanol was 300 µl/l and for MS222 was 50 mg/l. The results showed that MS-222 and 2-fenoxy ethanol caused the increase in the blood glucose through increase in cortisol since the early minutes after the fish’s anesthesia and theses increasing effects would remain in the fish’s blood for 24 hours after its anesthesia. The comparison of the effects of these anesthetics on the stress indicators showed that both of them caused the rise of the stress indicators, but the increasing effect of 2-fenoxy ethanol was higher, and there was a direct correlation between glucose and cortisol. So both of the anesthetics caused the stress induction on the studied species.

In the present work, hot tensile behavior of Haynes 25 Co-base alloy was investigated in the temperature range of 950-1200 ˚C and 0.1 s-1. Thermodynamic calculations showed that M23C6 and M6C carbides were stable below 1000 ˚C and above 1050 ˚C, respectively. Stress-strain curves also indicated an unusual trend of strain fracture. It was observed that with increasing temperature from 950 to 1050 ˚C, the fracture strain was decreased, while it was raised above 1050 ˚C again. Increasing the volume fraction of M6C carbide rich in Tungsten resulted in the loss of ductility. Also, microstructural evaluations showed dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains were nucleated and growth was around carbides and the initial grains at 1150 ˚C. Occurrence of DRX led to the improvement of ductility via grain refinement mechanism, so this alloy had the highest level of ductility at 1150 ˚C

With the increasing popularity of sharing media on social networks and facilitating access to location technologies, such as Global Positioning System (GPS), people are more interested to share their own photos and videos. The world wide web users are no longer the sole consumer but they are producers of information also, hence a wealth of information are available on web 2.0 applications. The shared media usually contain geo-tagged locations, time stamp, hashtags, and comments. As such, mining social networks can yield extensive knowledge about human dynamics and mobility behaviors within urban context So web users are no longer just users but also producers of information This wealth of information can be leveraged for location-based services. If the locations visited by users are collected and sorted according to the timestamps, the sequence that the user has visited can be determined; exploring of which can be used in tourism planning. Recently, there is an increasing tendency to adopt the information from these geo-tagged photos for learning to recommend tourist locations. For a tourist, before traveling to an unfamiliar city, the most important preparation is planning the trip. without any prior knowledge, tourist must either rely on travel books, personal travel blogs or combination of online resources and services. It is difficult and time consuming and painstaking to find out the locations worth to visit and figure out the order in which they are to be visited. Hence, the purpose of the present study is to provide a framework for recommending locations and travel sequences to tourists by using geo-tagged photos in social networks. Most existing methods for tourist recommendation do not consider context constraints, or at best, address a few dimensions of contexts. The present work aims to develop a context-aware recommender system that recommends interesting locations and the travel sequence. The proposed method is designed such that it can use the collective wisdom of people from collection of geo-tagged photos in order to provide a set of tourism locations and interesting trip sequences that matches the user's current context given a city that is unfamiliar to that user.  first Due to the low accuracy of positioning with GPS embedded in mobile phones to find a unique pair of geographic coordinates for a tourist place the geo-tagged photos were clustered. For this reason OPTICS clustering method exploit to group geo-tagged photos by their locations. It then uses the combined method, to annotate all of the clusters that are created in the previous step with semantics. Then, we create a profile for clusters by using historical context (time stamps and weather). After that, we generated a travel sequences database and rated the sequences in the database according to their context. Finally In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, Panoromia site dataset of one region in Tehran was used and Experimental results showed that 64.5% of the results obtained by our proposed strategy are identical with the user preferences, which illustrate rationality of the recommendation from analyzing the geo-tagged photos.

In this study, the effect of platinum-aluminide coating parameters on surface roughness of nickel-based superalloy Rene®80 was evaluated. For this purpose, different thicknesses of Pt-layer (2, 4, 6 and 8µm) were plated on the Samples. Then diffusion aluminide coating in two types, high tempeature-low activity and low temperature-high activity was performed. The results of structural investigations by scanning electron microscope and X-Ray diffraction indicated a three-zone structure of coating in all thicknesses of platinum layer, as well as in the two methods of aluminizing. Surface roughness of coatings was measured in three steps: 1-after Pt plating, 2-after Pt diffusion, and 3-after aluminizing and final aging. The results showed that the thickness of Pt and the final thickness of the coating   directly affected the surface roughness. The minimum surface roughness was created by high temperature low activity with 2µ of Pt-layer (2.6μm) and the maximum of surface roughness was obtained in low-temperature high activity with 8µ of the Pt-layer (8.8 μm).

Date palms are one of the most important horticultural crops in Iran. Red palm weevil (RPW)Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olive. (Col,: Dryophthoridae) is the most important and most dangerous pest under the internal quarantine law in Iran. larvae cause the death date palms by feeding the tissues (vines) and emptying the trunk. Pest control chemical methods (spray, injection, fumigation and soil, irrigation pesticide application) are part of integrated pest management (IPM) programme. This research was conducted to investigate the efficacy insecticide Flupyradifurone20% with trade namesSivanto® and injection device (5cc automatic syringe, initiated and re-designed by the author) and injection trunk technique for controlling red palm weevil in randomized complete block design with four treatment and four replications. The results showed there was a significant difference between the treatments for the dead and live larvae and adult at 1% level. So Flupyradifurone20% treatments with concentration of 100ml (20gr active ingredient) injection with 100ml water and Flupyradifurone20% with concentration of 100ml (20gr active ingredient) injection rates the average of 9/7 and 8/3 per palm tree, respectively had the mosteffect on controlling the larvae in compared to Confidor35% injection and spray Flupyradifurone20% on the trunk. Experimental results showed that injection of the pesticide into a trunk is a suitable and effective method for controlling RPW and injection device (5cc automatic syringe, initiated and re-designed by the author) can be used for injection into the trunk