فهرست مطالب adis kraskian mujembari

The complex nature of the emotional-behavioral problems of homeless teenagers requires the investigation and application of new educational support programs. This research was conducted by examining the role of attachment orientations and spiritual effects in predicting post-traumatic growth in orphaned girls.

The present study was descriptive cross-sectional and correlational. The statistical population included all the unaccompanied teenage girls covered by the Welfare Organization of Tehran in 2022, out of whom 300 were selected by available sampling method. They completed the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory by Tabachenik and Feidel, the Attachment Style Questionnaire by Hazen and Shaver, and the Resilience Questionnaire by Connor and Davidson. Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used for data analysis. In this research, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors of the article did not report any conflict of interest.

The results of the research showed that spiritual influences (r=0.65 and P<0.012), secure attachment (r=0.71 and P<0.011), avoidant attachment (r=0.73 and P<0.023), and ambivalent attachment (r=0.70 and P<0.018) have a significant correlation with post-traumatic growth in adolescent girls. Regression analysis showed that about 53% of the variance in post-traumatic growth is explained through the variables of attachment orientations and spiritual effects (R2=0.53). According to beta values, secure attachment (β=0.247 and P<0.011), spiritual influences (β=0.226 and P<0.014), ambivalent attachment (β=0.173 and P<0.026), and avoidant attachment (β=0.159 and P<0.032) were, respectively, the strongest to weakest factors in explaining post-traumatic growth.

According to the obtained results, modifying attachment orientations and strengthening spirituality can play a significant role in post-traumatic growth in teenage girls.

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential mediating effect of suicidal ideation on the relationship between parenting styles, fundamental psychological needs, and adolescents' perceived burdensomeness with non-suicidal self-injury. The research study utilized a descriptive-correlational approach to examine a sample of 420 high school students (188 male and 232 female) selected through cluster random sampling from a larger population of 224,400 male and female high school students in Tehran during the 2019-2020 academic year. Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI), Self-Harm Inventory (SHI), Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG-S), Parents as Social Context Questionnaire (PASCQ), and Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) were among the instruments utilized. Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were implemented in SPSS-23 and Amos-23 statistical software, respectively, to analyze the data. Suicidal ideation mediated a significant indirect effect of parenting styles, fundamental psychological needs, and perceived burdensomeness on non-suicidal self-injury, according to the results of structural equation modeling. An additional 44% of the variance in suicidal ideation could be attributed to perceived burdensomeness, fundamental psychological requirements, and parenting styles. Furthermore, a combination of parental styles, fundamental psychological needs, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation accounted for 35% of the variability observed in non-suicidal self-injury. These results suggest that fostering appropriate parenting styles, the satisfaction of fundamental psychological needs, the reduction of perceived burdensomeness, and the addressing of suicidal ideation in adolescents could effectively mitigate non-suicidal self-injury.

Paying attention to the mental state of psychotherapy trainees plays an essential role in preparing students to enter the field of therapy. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of short-term intensive psychodynamic therapy on emotional self-awareness, empathy and self-compassion in psychotherapy trainees.

It was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental and control groups and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research consisted of all the psychotherapist trainees in Tehran in 2021, who were selected by the available sampling method, 30 people and randomly replaced in two groups of 15 people. Data collection was done with emotional self-awareness questionnaire (Rifi et al., 2008), empathy questionnaire (Mehrabian and Epstein, 1972) and self-compassion questionnaire (Neff, 2003). For each of the experimental groups, an intervention program was held in the form of weekly meetings. In addition to descriptive statistics, data analysis was performed with mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

The results showed that in the post-test period, between the mean scores of emotional self-awareness (p<0.01), empathy (p<0.01) and self-compassion (p<0.01) of the experimental group in the intervention sessions compared to the control group. Statistically, the difference is significant. The effectiveness of short-term intensive psychodynamic therapy was stable over time in the subjects of the experimental groups.

Based on the results of the research, conducting psychological interventions for the preparation of psychotherapy trainees is very important and can be a basis for raising awareness and correctly applying these interventions in psychotherapy trainees.

Being unsupervised has always had negative psychological and educational effects on adolescents, so the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the role of resilience and emotional inhibition in the psychological well-being of unsupervised teenage girls in Tehran.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this research was all the adolescent girls of the city of Tehran covered by the welfare organization in 2021-2022, and 300 people were selected by available sampling method. The data collection tools included Connor and Davidson's (2003) resilience questionnaires, Roger and Nashover's (1987) emotional inhibition and Riff's (1989) psychological well-being questionnaires. Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions with SPSS version 24 software.

The results showed that the relationship between resilience and psychological improvement (r=0.48) is positive and significant, but the relationship between emotional inhibition and psychological improvement (r=0.69) was negative and significant (P<0.05). And the predictor variables explain a total of 67% of the variance of psychological improvement.

The results of the research show the importance of the role of resilience and emotional inhibition in improving the psychological well-being of adolescent girls.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on emotional self-awareness, empathy and self-compassion in psychotherapy trainees.

It was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental and control groups and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research consisted of all female psychotherapist trainees in Tehran in 2021, who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups of 15 people. Data collection was done with Rifi et al.'s emotional self-awareness questionnaire (2008), Mehrabian and Epstein's empathy questionnaire (1972), and Neff's self-compassion questionnaire (2003). For each of the experimental groups, a cognitive therapy intervention program based on Bowen and Marlatt (2011) was held in the form of weekly sessions. In addition to descriptive statistics, data analysis was performed with mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni’s post hoc test.

The results showed that in the post-test period, between the average scores of empathy (P<0.001), emotional awareness (P<0.001), and self-compassion (P<0.001) of the company group There is a statistically significant difference between the participants in the intervention sessions compared to the control group. The effectiveness of the two intervention methods was stable over time in the subjects of the experimental groups.

Based on the results of the research, conducting psychological interventions for the preparation of psychotherapy trainees is very important and can be a basis for raising awareness and correctly applying these interventions in psychotherapy trainees.

Type D personality, a joint tendency toward negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), is related to attachment style. The purpose of the correlation current study was to investigate the relationship between parents and child attachment styles by the mediating role of type D personality in individuals in Tehran and Alborz provinces.  

The method of this research was correlation analysis. The statistical population included 288 parents and 288 children over 18 years of age who are living in Tehran and Alborz at the time of the study (2020-2021) and were chosen by convenient sampling. Participants filled in Collins & Read Revises Adult Attachment Scale in three dimensions, close, depend and anxiety underlie the three attachment style, as well as parents filled in DS14 which consisted of 14 items, of which 7 items measures each for negative affectivity and social inhibitions. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for relation analysis between variables and linear regression analysis was used for mediated analysis.

Results show a direct correlation between parents and child attachment style. (P<0.01) also, there were no correlations between secure attachment style and type D personality (P<0.05). As well as there were mediating both dismissive-avoidant and anxious-preoccupied attachment styles between parents and children of type D parents’ personalities.

According to the results, the components of Negative affectivity and social inhibition in the type D personality of parents; such as stress, anxiety, unhappiness, negative thoughts about life, fear of rejection or invalidation of emotions, underlie modeling children’s attachment style in dismissive-avoidant and anxious-preoccupied attachment style based on parents’ attachment style.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on anxiety and quality of life in women with breast cancer.

A quasi-experimental design was used to collect pre-test, post-test and follow-up data (three months after) from treatment and control groups. The sample consisted of 30 women with breast cancer in Tehran who had a high score in anxiety after screening. They were selected based on purposive sampling and randomly placed in experimental and control groups of size 15. The experimental group received 12 sessions (50 minutes) of emotion-focused therapy (Greenberg, 2010). The control group did not receive an intervention. Data were collected using Beck Anxiety Inventory and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Breast Cancer (FACT-B) in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow up, and analyzed using mixed variance analysis.

Results showed significant within and between subject differences (P<0.01) on measures of anxiety and quality of life. Emotion-focused therapy significantly reduced anxiety and increased quality of life in the treatment group relative to the control group. Moreover, post-test and follow-up levels of anxiety and quality of life differed significantly from pre-test levels, but not from each other.

Emotion-focused therapy targeting emotional processing and expression improved [d1] regulation of clients' emotions and can be used as an appropriate intervention method to reduce anxiety and increase quality of life in women with breast cancer.

In recent years in Iran, several studies have examined the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior therapy and Schema therapy  in the field of conflict resolving  and enriching the couple's .relationship.The purpose of this study is to integrate the results of previous research and compare the effectiveness of these interventions on marital quality components.

For this purpose, meta-analysis was used as a statistical technique to determine, collect, combine and summarize research findings related to the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior therapy and Schema therapy on the components of marital quality of couples.The statistical population of the study includes researches conducted in Iran in the field of mentioned psychotherapies . The statistical sample includes research conducted in this field inside Iran. For this purpose, 19 studies were selected.After reviewing 17 researches that were methodologically acceptable, they were analyzed.The research tool was a meta-analysis checklist and CMA software was used to analyze the data.

The results showed the magnitude of the combined effect of the treatments(P <0.01) was equal to r = 0.629, which is equivalent to zr = 0.739 and g = 1.557, and according to Cohen's interpretation table means the size of the effect is large or high. Also, the results did not show a significant difference between the effect size of Dialectical Behavior therapy and Schema therapy.                                                                   

Based on the results of this meta-analysis, dialectical behavior therapy and schema therapy are effective in improving the marital quality components of couples.

Nutrition education is a key component of health promotion programs and leads to the improvement of nutritional behaviors of adolescents. Understanding the stages of cognitive-behavioral therapy in eating behavior and weight loss in adolescents is important in terms of preventive care.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on eating behavior and weight loss in adolescents.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a two-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all adolescents referred to counseling centers in Mashhad in autumn 2019; 30 of them were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental, and control groups. The research questionnaires were demographic questionnaire, and eating behavior questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated variance analysis and SPSS.22 software.

The mean (SD) of age was 17.66 (4.49) years in the experimental group 59.7% and 17.01 (4.10) years in the control group. 65.9% in the experimental group and in the control group, 59.7% were girls and the mean (SD) of body mass index was 27.73 (1.34) in the experimental group and 27.32 (0.95) in the control group. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in decreasing uncontrollable eating (P<0.01), emotional eating (P<0.01), weight loss (P<0.01), and increasing cognitive restraint (P<0.01) in adolescents.

It is concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used as an effective treatment of weight loss and eating behavior in adolescents.

In recent years in Iran, several studies have examined the effectiveness of acceptance commitment therapy and integrated behavior couple therapy in the field of conflict resolution and fertility of the marital relationship. The aim of this study was to integrate the results of these studies and compare the impact of these interventions on the components of marital quality. For this purpose, meta-analysis was used as a statistical technique to determine, collect, combine and summarize research findings related to the effectiveness of acceptance commitment therapy and integrated behavioral couple therapy on the components of marital quality of couples. . The statistical population of the study includes studies conducted in Iran in the field of medicine and the statistical sample includes studies conducted in this field within Iran. For this purpose, 22 studies were selected and after reviewing 17 studies that were methodologically acceptable were selected and analyzed. The research tool was a meta-analysis checklist and CMA software was used to analyze the data. The results showed the magnitude of the combined effect of the treatments (P <0.01) Equivalent to d = 2.513, which is equivalent to g=2.458, and zr=1.075. Also, the results did not show a significant difference between the effect size of treatment based on acceptance commitment therapy and integrated behavior couple therapy. Therefore, it can be said that based on the results of this meta-analysis, couples therapy based on acceptance, commitment and integrated behavior is effective in improving the marital quality components of couples.

Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is designed to help patients identify and process their emotions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of emotion-focused therapy on improving depression and self-compassion in women with breast cancer.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a 3-month follow-up. The sample consisted of 30 women with breast cancer in Tehran who had a depression score of >17 at screening and were selected via purposive sampling and randomly placed in experimental and control groups of 15. The experimental group underwent EFTover twelve 50-minute individual sessions according to the Greenberg emotion-focused therapy protocol. Research data were collected using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Self-compassion Scale before, after, and 3 months after the end of treatment. Data analysis was performed using repeated-measures two-way ANOVA.

The experimental group scored significantly higher in self-compassion and lower in depression in the posttest compared with the pretest. In the follow-up assessment, depression scores were as low as the posttest levels, but self-compassion scores decreased relative to the posttest; however, they remained significantly above the pre-test levels. In the control group, both depression and self-compassion scores were stable over time.

EFT can be used as an appropriate intervention to reduce depression and increase self-compassion significantly and enduringly in women with breast cancer.

The purpose of the correlation current study was to investigate the relationship attachment styles between parents and children by the mediating role of Emotional Reactions (depression, anxiety, and stress) in individuals in Tehran and Alborz provinces.

In the present study 288 individuals (n= 167 mothers and n=121 fathers) with mean age= 49.68, and their children (girls n =153, boys n =135) with mean age=23.94 were chosen by convenient sampling. Participants filled in Collins & Read Revises Adult Attachment Scale as well as Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) performed for parents.

For relation analysis between variables used Pearson correlation coefficient also linear regression analysis used for mediated of analysis. Results show there is a direct correlation between the attachment styles of parents and children. (P<0.01) As well as anxiety was mediating between secure attachment styles of parents and children.

Anxiety is effective in correlation between secure attachment style of parents and children.

 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune, and progressive disease associated with the inflammation of the central nervous system due to demyelination. Despite the numerous biological investigations about MS patients by Iranian researchers; however, only a few studies have addressed disability in patients with MS, mainly focusing on its physical aspects, not the psychological ones. Further, some studies outlined a significant association between psychological resources and physical functions in patients with MS. The multi–process model of integrative self–regulation and sense of coherence has formulated two sets of integrative, psychological resources. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of integrative self–regulation processes, including integrative self–knowledge, self–control, self–compassion, mindfulness, and sense of coherence dimensions, including comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness, with disability in patients with MS.

 The present cross–sectional, analytical, and the fundamental study was conducted in 2019 in various service centers for patients with MS in Tehran and Qom Cities, Iran. The study population included patients with MS living in Tehran and Qom. The statistical sample included 452 patients with MS living in Tehran and Qom. The study's inclusion criteria included the definitive and documented diagnosis of MS by a neurologist, aged 18 to 60 years, the ability to communicate in Persian effectively, and providing informed consent forms. Patients who underwent psychotherapy during the study, whose diagnosis of MS was not definitive, developed obvious cognitive and mental disabilities, underwent spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia surgery over the past month. Severe and chronic comorbidities (e.g., psychotic disorders & cancer illness) and for the past 6 months were involved in divorce/separation, and the loss of first–degree relatives was excluded from the study. A convenience sampling method was used for data collection. The sample was gathered via a multi–center approach to reach a representative sample. The required data were collected by Determined Disease Stages (PDDS) (Learmonth et al., 2013), Orientation to Life Questionnaire–13 (OLQ–13) (Antonovsky, 1987), Integrative Self–knowledge Scale (ISK) (Qorbani et al., 2008), Brief Self–Control Scale (BSCS) (Tangney et al., 2004), Self–Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS–SF) (Raes et al., 2011), and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) (Brown e& Ryan, 2003. Statistical analysis at two levels of descriptive statistics (including mean, standard deviation, frequency, & percentage) and inferential statistics (including Pearson correlation test & hierarchical multiple regression tests) was performed in SPSS.

 The obtained results revealed that disability with meaningfulness in life (r= 0.10, p<0.05), integrative self–knowledge (r=–0.13, p<0.01), self–control (r=–0.12, p<0.01) and self–compassion (r=–0.12, p<0.05) indicated a marginally significant relationship. In predicting disability, in addition to the contextual variables of age (β=0.35, p<0.001) and gender (β=0.24, p<0.001), only the self–compassion (β=–0.17, p=0. 007) played a predicting role.

 The disability of MS may not be associated with a severe reduction in integrative psychological resources, as opposed to other studies. However, future studies with longitudinal and intervention designs to investigate the causal relationships and patient benefit can target integrative self–regulation processes, especially compassion for patients themselves.

Fatigue and pain are the common complications in multiple sclerosis patients, which is influenced by the patients’ psychology as well as stress. The current study aimed at investigating protective mediating role of sense of coherence in the relationship between perceived stress and fatigue/pain in Iranian MS patients.

This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2019. The study population consisted of patients registered in Iranian MS association of Tehran, Karaj, and Qom cities. The sample was recruited via convenience sampling method in multi-center fashion form MS centers in Tehran, Karaj, and Qom cities. In total, 452 patients with a mean age of 38.45 (9.36) engaged in the study. Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ-13, Antonovsky, 1978), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS, Cohen et al., 1983), and Visual Analogue Scale for fatigue and pain (VAS-F and VAS-P, Hayes and Patterson, 1921) were investigated. The mediation analysis was carried out via PROCESS macro for SPSS software application in 95% confidence interval.

Pain and fatigue showed significant positive and negative relationships, respectively, with perceived stress and sense of coherence (P < .001). Sense of coherence could reduce a quarter of the total effect of perceived stress on fatigue and pain; however, the results remained significant in the presence of gender, education, employment status, and illness duration only for fatigue (indirect effect = -0.07, [0.01, 0.14]).

Sense of coherence reduces the effect of perceived stress on fatigue, while it does not affect the relationship between perceived stress and pain in MS patients.

Acceptance and commitment therapy [ACT] can enhance psychological flexibility and subsequently improve mental health and quality of life of individuals. Also,recovery of patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) dependson several physical and psychological factors. Therefore, the authors aimed to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on quality of life of women with chronic low back pain.

It was a semi-experimental research in pre-test and post-test design together with control group. Participants were 14 women with chronic low back pain attending clinical centers and hospitals of Rasht who were selected by convenience sampling. Next, they were randomly assigned to experimental (ACT+ usual medical care) and the control group (usual medical care only).Then,experimental group received ACT for 8 one-hour sessions. To analyze the data, covariance analysis wasused.The instrument was self-reported by the World Health Organization's quality of life. Data analysis was performed using analysis of independent t-test.

Results indicated reduction effect in pain severity in the patients who practiced 8 sessions ACT reported significantly lower pain than patients who only received usual medical care. Also, the results shows that except of subscale of physical health (p< 0.38) there was significant increase in all other subscales of quality of life in experimental group (p< 0.001).

The results show that acceptance and commitment therapy reduces pain severity and improves thequality of life and recommends use of coping strategic with pain in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).Counsellingof treatment counsellors and family therapistsrecommended a counselling centers and family education classes in order to improve quality of life of female patients with CLBP.

Diabetes mellitus is known as one of the health emergencies of the 21st century. This disorder is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and pregnancy complications, as well as lower quality of life, high economic burden, and high risk of premature death.

The aim of this study was to investigate the necessity of and barriers to developing psychological interventions to treat, improve, and manage type II diabetes from the perspective of health policymakers in Iran.

This qualitative study was conducted on 11 policymakers of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran within 2016-2019. The data were collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews and then analyzed by content analysis.

The main themes related to the necessity of developing psychological interventions included impact on the quality of life, disease management, cost-effectiveness, and complications of diabetes.

The current study was conducted on senior health policymakers in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. Accordingly, our findings can be used in decision making and the development, implementation, and evaluation of psychological intervention programs for type II diabetic patients in Iran

Abstract The process of aging seems inevitable to all living creatures, including humans. Self-care and life expectancy are two main concepts in aging and have good results in providing, maintaining and promoting elderly health. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral activation intervention in increasing self-care behaviors and life expectancy in the elderly. A quasi-experimental research method with pretest, posttest and control group with a 3-month follow-up was used in this study. The statistical population of the study included all elderly people over 60 in Tehran. The participants included 24 individuals and were selected through purposive method according to the inclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (n=12). The experimental group received 8 sessions of behavioral activation intervention and the control group did not receive any intervention. Hemmati Maslak Pak's questionnaire on the self-care ability of the elderly and Schneider's life expectancy questionnaire were used to collect the required data. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 software in two levels of descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate analysis of covariance). Statistical results showed the significant effectiveness of behavioral activation intervention on increasing the life expectancy of the elderly and increasing their self-care behaviors; these results were consistent after a 3-month follow-up (p < 0.05). According to the findings of the study, behavioral activation intervention can be considered as one of the effective psychological interventions in increasing self-care behaviors and life expectancy in the elderly. References Abbasi, M., Ghadampour, A., Hojati, M. (2017). 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Acceptance and commitment therapy [ACT] can enhance psychological flexibility and subsequently improve mental health and quality of life of individuals. Also recovery of patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) is depended on several physical and psychological factors. Therefore, the authors aimed to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on quality of life of women with chronic low back pain.

It was a semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design together with control group. Participants were 14 women with chronic low back pain attending clinical centers and hospitals of Rasht who were selected by convenience sampling. Next, they were randomly assigned to experimental (ACT+ usual medical care) and the control group (usual medical care only).Then experimental group received ACT for 8 one-hour sessions. To analyze the data, covariance analysis was used. The instrument was self-reported by the World Health Organization's quality of life. Data analysis was performed using analysis of independent t-test.

Results indicated reduction effect in pain severity in the patients who practiced 8 sessions ACT reported significantly lower pain than patients who only received usual medical care. Also, the results shows that except of subscale of physical health (P < 0.38) there was significant increase in all other subscales of quality of life in experimental group (P < 0.001).

The results show that acceptance and commitment therapy reduces pain severity and improve the quality of life and recommend use of coping strategic with pain in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Counselors and family therapists recommended a counseling centers and family education classes in order to improve quality of life of female patients with CLBP.

Depression is a common disorder that is often associated with other mental and physical disorders. One of the innovative approaches applied in depressed patients is Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS).

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct electrical stimulations on reducing the severity of depression and negative automatic thoughts.

A quasi-experimental study wasconducted on 24 depressed women between 2015 and 2016 who were randomized via clinical interview in Tehran, district 2.The patients’ age range was from 20 to 55 years old.The process was done through the convenience sampling which was randomly assigned into test (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. The applied assessment tool in the clinical interview was Beck Depression Inventory (BDI- Form 21) and Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) respectively. All the patients underwent15-20 minutes anodal stimulation of T3 region, and Kathodal stimulation of FD1 with a current of 2-mAintensity along with a Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). The Data were analyzed using the independent t-test analysis.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between tdcs and control groups in the rates of depression (P

This study assessed the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on weight loss and cognitive emotion regulation in obese people. To do this study, 29 obese people with BMI > 29.9 were selected by purposeful sampling at the beginning, who completed demographic questionnaire and emotional cognitive regulation questionnaire. The participants’ body mass index (BMI) was measured at the first meeting and at the end of the treatment. Participants were assigned into the intervention and the control groups. The intervention group participated in acceptance and commitment group therapy sessions for five months and at the end of the treatment sessions, they completed the questionnaires again. Statistical methods included Chi-square test, t-test for comparing two independent groups and analysis of covariance (P<0.01). The findings showed that the acceptance and commitment therapy can reduce BMI; it also reduces negative strategies and increases the positive strategies of emotional cognitive regulation (P<0.01).  The present study showed that the acceptance and commitment group therapy resulted in weight loss and improved emotion regulation in people with obesity. Therefore, it is recommended to use this therapeutic approach for obese individuals.

Patients with diabetes face various physical and psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, disability, low mobility and obesity leading eventually to decrease quality of life. As a result, life quality is so important about diabetes and its treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy on quality of life in patients with diabetes. Subjects and The research method was semi-experimental with pretest/posttest/follow-up and control group design. The population of the research were included all patients with type II diabetes who were referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Ganjavian Hospital. The sample volume included 40 subjects and an available sampling method was applied. Moreover, the substitution between control group and experimental group was randomly implemented. To collect the data, diabetes quality of life questionnaire was used. The intervention group has been received therapeutic sessions, and the control group was in waiting list. Data were collected through questionnaire of quality of life. The results of the covariance analysis showed that cognitive therapy improved the quality of life in the experimental group in the posttest and follow-up stage (P < 0.05). Cognitive therapy training can be effective in improving the quality of life in patients with type II diabetes (P < 0.05). In order to findings, it can be concluded that the presentation of cognitive therapy beside other medical interventions is as a part of comprehensive treatment and care of diabetes.

The aim of the present respectively study was to investigate the validity and reliability of Paranoid Thought Scales in Iranian sample.
For estimating the psychometric properties of the scale, 491 university students in KARAJ were selected and scales executed for them.
To check the construct validity of EFA with principal components and CFA were used. Sampling adequacy (KMO=0.897) and Bartlett's test of sphericity indicate favorable conditions for factor analysis was performed. Based on these findings, GPTS is saturated two factors of the total 41.46% of the total variance. Also significant fitness indices in confirmatory factor analysis of the two-factor model derived from the exploratory factor analysis was confirmed. Also a significant correlation between scale scores and subscale scores of the paranoid thought and paranoid scale’s scores in MCMI represents the criterion validity of the scale. Analysis of the data indicated that the internal consistency of the scale based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.908 and the split-half of the 0.912. Test-retest stability coefficient for the total scale and its subscales were statistically significant. This questionnaire is reliable and valid scale to measure Iranian sample’s paranoid thought.

Aim and Art therapy has been known as an innovative way of growth and development of human’s physical, mental, and emotional health. Through the intricate process of painting and drawing, a child would be able to engage discrete elements of his/her experiences to create the totality of a meaningful work. Within this productive mechanism, a child, in format of artwork, is representing something beyond a simple work which is his/her attempts to display a part of his/her ego as well as how he/she thinks feels, and sees. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of painting therapy on of self-esteem and self-efficacy among unaccompanied children of 5-12 years old in Karaj City, Iran.
Methods and Materials: This was a semi-experimental study with pretest/posttest method and control group. The sample was 15 boys and 15 girls at the age of 5-12 years who were randomly selected from unsupervised children at Karaj Welfare. Children and adolescents’ self-efficacy questionnaire (SEQ-C), Coopersmith children and adolescents’ self-esteem questionnaire, and the projection painting were utilized as evaluation tools. In order to analyze the data and test the hypothesis, one-way univariate analysis of covariance, and the average evaluation of two independent groups for differential grading were used.
Findings: The intervention in research affected the enhancement of unaccompanied children’s general self-esteem, social self-esteem, and self-esteem total score as well as emotional, social, and general self-efficacy.
Painting therapy as a psychological intervention could be used as effective strategy to increase self-esteem and self-efficacy in child advocacy centers.

Most of the women around the globe experience low back pain which often has a psychological overlay. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can enhance psychological condition and subsequently improve mental health. Thereby the quality of life of individuals with chronic low back pain gets improved. The study rationale aimed to assess the effectiveness of ACT on quality of life, severity and duration of pain in women with chronic low back pain.
Twenty subjects (women aged between 23 to 34 years) with chronic low back pain from a rehabilitation clinic in Rasht city in the year 2016 were included in the study by convenience sampling method. They were then randomly divided into experimental and control groups (in each group, n=10). Data were collected by a three-part checklist containing demographic characters, World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire and McGill Pain Questionnaire. The rehabilitation interventions were based on ACT carried out for eight sessions of one hour each, twice a week. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software via Paired t-test and independent t-test method.
There was a significant increase in all subscales of quality of life (P The effects of ACT rehabilitation technique on women with chronic low back pain were impressive, which augmented the quality of life. Hence this method can be used as a rehabilitation tool for women with chronic low back pain.