ahmad karimi

The concept of "person" as a key concept in philosophy, law and ethics refers to beings who have moral dignity and fundamental rights. Characteristics such as consciousness, intelligence, self-awareness and the ability to communicate are the criteria for identifying a being as a "person". This concept is important in human rights and bioethics, especially in life and death issues such as abortion and infanticide. Clarifying different approaches about the concept of "person" can have profound effects on moral and legal decisions. While the use of this term is common in the West and it is the criterion of many moral and legal judgments, in Iran its moral dimensions have not yet been addressed and this gap necessitates a detailed investigation. This article examines two main approaches to the concept of "person" in bioethics: the gifted approach that emphasizes the inherent value of all human beings and the functional approach that considers only humans with certain characteristics to have moral dignity. The requirement of the functional approach is that all human beings do not have moral dignity and do not have equal rights.

For a locally compact group $G$ and $p\in(1,\infty)$, let $B_p(G)$ is the multiplier algebra of the Fig\`{a}-Talamanca-Herz algebra $A_p(G)$. For $p=2$ and $G$ amenable, the algebra $B(G):= B_2(G)$ is the usual Fourier-Stieltjes algebra. In this paper, we show that $A_p(G)$ is a Bochner-Schoenberg-Eberlin (BSE) algebra and every clopen subset of $G$ is a synthetic set for $A_p(G)$. Furthermore, we characterize idempotent elements of the Banach algebra $B_p(G)$. This result generalizes the Cohen-Host idempotent theorems for the case of Fig\`{a}-Talamanca-Herz algebras. Characterization of idempotent elements of $B_p(G)$ is of paramount importance to study homomorphisms in Fig\`{a}-Talamanca-Herz algebras.

Conversion of desert soils to cropland may cause changes in some soil properties. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of converting desert soils to cropland (wheat) and orchard (pistachio) on the soil organic carbon (SOC) content and storage, particulate organic carbon in Abarkooh region (Yazd province). Three land uses included wheat, pistachio, and desert soils were assessed. In order to compare the soil properties in different land uses, In September 2018, soil samples from desert, wheat, and orchard sites were taken from 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths. From each depth, 10 composite soil samples were taken. After pretreatments of soil samples, the soil properties including electrical conductivity, pH, gravel, sand, silt, clay, bulk density, organic carbon, calcium carbonate, were measured according to standard protocols. According to the obtained results, bulk density, gravel content and electrical conductivity decreased after the cultivation of desert soils. The SOC contents in the croplands and orchard were about 3.4-5.8 times higher than those in the desert soils. Also, the results showed an increase of 5.7 to 15.8 times of soil particulate organic carbon in the wheat fields and pistachio orchards compared to desert soils. The lowest SOC storage was observed in desert soils (0.19-0.24 kg.m-2) and the highest was obtained in pistachio orchards (1.08-1.12 kg.m-2). According to the findings of this study, it seems that sustainable cultivation and irrigation of desert soils could be an appropriate method which considerably enhances soil organic carbon sequestration in the study area.

This study was concluded in order to investigate the effects of inclusion of camelina meal (CM) and substitution of the dietary salt by sodium bicarbonate (SB) on performance and ascites incidence in broilers reared at high altitude. A total of 672 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 7 treatments with 6 replications of 16 birds. Experimental treatments included the diet base on corn and soybean meal without salt replacement by SB (control), diets containing 5 and 10 percent of CM in combination with 25, 50 and 75 percent substitution of SB for sodium chloride. Feeding experimental diets reduced productive performance of chicks so that diets containing 10% CM with 50 or 75 percent SB replacement reduced feed intake and body weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio when compared to the control birds (P<0.05). The effect of the experimental treatments was not significant on carcass percentage and relative weights of breast, thigh and liver, but decreased the relative weights of abdominal fat, heart, spleen and bursa of Fabricius (P<0.05). The right ventricle to total ventricles weight ratio and ascites mortality reduced as a result of CM utilization and substituting of SB for dietary salt (P<0.05). Generally, the utilization of diet containing 5% CM and 25% replacement of sodium chloride by SB are recommended to reduce of ascites mortality without impaired performance in broilers reared at high altitude.

Among various approaches and perspectives on humanity, the understanding of intellectuals and poets of this complex and multidimensional concept, including their viewpoints, can lead us to understand the concept of humans better. Poets can represent a concept in their poetry in the most sublime and delicate expressions. A precise understanding of a concept during the poet's time can be achieved through the reinterpretation of a poem. How political intellectuals represent man is an important issue that opens up a new angle and dimension of anthropological knowledge. In this research, based on a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt is made to answer how two renowned Iranian poets, namely Ahmad Shamloo from the contemporary period and Hafez from the classical era, portray human and political man. The results indicate that both poets have a unique view of the mythological human and strive to define and determine the position of humans in the cosmos. Hafez is searching for a complete human who is patient, enduring, and hopeful, while Shampoo is searching for a terrestrial human, a warrior who can build the world around himself, two different approaches that display different benefits in politics. The socio-political transformation in Hafez's era is minimal, while the effort for social change and transformation in Shamloo's era is maximal. The concept of identity is a prominent and significant element in the poetry of both poets, especially in Hafez's, which is highly important in social matters and its transformation. For Hafez, the duality of reason and love (heart) has always been a conflict, and he strives to create a clear image of the despondent human in an indifferent atmosphere. Shamloo elevates the view of the Iranian human and, with an overarching Iranian approach to the concept of human, presents a different level of interpretation of humanity for his contemporary society.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of agricultural wastes as a non-fasting method on inducted molting, productive performance, immune response, and blood parameters of laying hens with five experimental treatments and five replicates, including seven birds in each replicate. Dietary treatments consisted of feed withdrawal, apple peel waste, carrot pomace, tomato pomace, and zinc oxide (20 g/kg). The results indicated feed intake in pomace groups decreased significantly (P<0.05). Molting methods did not affect body weight reduction. The zinc group was the lowest egg production in during the molting time, and apple peel waste and tomato pomace groups significantly increased compared to the zinc oxide group in resting time (P<0.05). In days 5 and 11 of molting, heterophil to lymphocyte ratios were significantly lower in the pomace groups than in the feed withdrawal group (P<0.05). Pomace treatments had no significant effect on the egg quality, except for carrot pomace and tomato pomace groups, which increased the yolk color (P<0.05). The lowest level of triglyceride was related to pomaces, the highest levels of cholesterol and MDA were attributed to the feed withdrawal group, and the highest levels of glucose were reported for the tomato pomace, which were statistically significant compared with the control group (P<0.05). Ovary and oviduct weights were significantly lower in the pomace groups than the zinc oxide group (P<0.05). In conclusion, using tomato pomac or apple peel waste as a non-fasting molting method can be an effective alternative to the feed withdrawal method.

Drought have had adverse effects on the animal husbandry industry and has caused a decrease in livestock population and performance. In this regard, changing the cultivation pattern and replacing water-resistant species can be a suitable solution for this problem. However, due to low protein and dry matter (DM), animals fed exclusively with cactus pear may show weight loss, and digestive disorders such as diarrhea. Combining cactus, which is high in soluble sugars, with high fiber and raw protein ingredients could complement each other's weaknesses and form a balanced diet. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of cactus-alfalfa mixed silage on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters.

The silage was prepared from a homogeneous blender of 66% fresh spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) and 34% alfalfa hay on a w/w basis using 220 L plastic gallons. The chemical composition and quality of the ensiled material were determined. The samples were taken to determine the chemical composition after ensiling on day 45. In this experiment, four Kermani male sheep were used in a change-over design with four periods of 21 days. Experimental treatments were based on increasing levels of cactus-alfalfa mixed silage (0, 10, 20, and 30% DM). During the week of sampling the amount of feed offered and leftovers were collected and weighed daily before the morning feeding to measure daily feed intake (on a DM basis) and digestibility of nutrients. On the last day of each period at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after morning feeding, rumen fluid was sampled from sheep (by esophagus tube and was filtered through three layers of cheesecloth) to determine pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and volatile fatty acid (VFA). Blood samples were collected on the four days of each period and three h after morning feeding in 10 ml. To determine the amount of allantoin and microbial protein synthesis, the daily urine produced during 24 hours was collected.

The gas production volume (ml) was a significant difference among experimental diets (P<0.05). Fat and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility increased when animals were fed 30% cactus-alfalfa mixed silage than those fed 10% and 20% cactus-alfalfa mixed silage and control diet (P<0.05). Also, there was a quadratic effect on DM, organic matter (OM), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility by feeding different levels of cactus-alfalfa mixed silage (P<0.05). The highest concentration of ruminal NH3-N was observed by an experimental diet containing 30% cactus-alfalfa mixed silage in all sampling occasions (P<0.05). Feeding of 20% and 30% of cactus-alfalfa mixed silage than after treatments increased linearly ruminal propionic acid molar and decreased linearly acetic acid and acetate/propionate ratio (P<0.05). There was a significant effect on concentrations of triglyceride and urea-nitrogen by adding different levels of cactus-alfalfa mixed silage (P<0.05). Blood Urea nitrogen level in sheep-fed cactus-alfalfa mixed silage was significantly increased linearly (P<0.05).

The results of this study indicated that cactus-alfalfa mixed silage has appropriate nutritional value and its inclusion up to 30% on DM basis in the diets provided favorable conditions for ruminal function and digestibility. Therefore, it is recommended, cactus-alfalfa mixed silage could be included in livestock diet during drought or feedstuff shortage especially in arid and semi-arid regions.

Love is one of the recurring themes and as the most motivating element of life, which has enchanted the thought and language of poets with its charm and grace since long ago in the creation of romantic and lyrical works. In the field of psychology, several theories have been presented to better understand and explain love, the most influential of which is Robert Sternberg's love triangle theory. He believes that perfect love consists of three components: "intimacy, passion and commitment" and from the lack of each component, other types of love will be formed that are not perfect and will not have a favorable result. The current research is a theoretical study and it has been done in a descriptive-analytical way by referring to library sources, and its main purpose is to explain love and its types in the poems of Simin Behbahani and Alamtaj (Jale) Qaim Magi based on Sternberg's love triangle theory. The findings of the present research indicate that Simin Behbahani and Jale Ghaem Maggi, under the influence of various factors, such as personal experience and social issues of the age, addressed the theme of love and some of its types in their poetry, and it shows that rebellion against some norms and or social anomalies have caused the two mentioned poets to be driven to the theme of love in women; Lack of awareness of the dimensions of perfect love and ineffective choice causes the emergence of types of love, the evidence of which can be seen in the poems of Jaleh and Simin, and some of them can be matched with social problems.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin E (VtiE) and L-carnitine (L-Car) supplements with purslane powder (PP) in reduced-protein diet to prevention of ascits in broiler chickens. 576 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six treatments: 1) normal-protein diet (negative control; NC), 2) a reduced- protein diet (20 g kg-1 lower protein) as a control diet (C), 3) C + 2 g kg-1 of PP, 4) C + PP diet supplemented with 250 mg kg-1 VitE, 5) C + PP diet supplemented with 150 mg kg-1 of L-Car and, 6) C + PP diet supplemented with 250 mg kg-1 VitE + 150 mg kg-1 L-Car. Feed intake and body weight gain was (P<0.05) increased by purslane powder, vitamin E and L-carnitine treatment. purslane powder + VitE and purslane powder + L-Car treatments reduced (P<0.05) mortality due to ascites and the RV/TV ratio. These supplemented improved antioxidant activity. (P<0.05) and increased the level of NO and UA. Liver enzyme activities were decreased (P<0.05) by dietary supplementation with PP, VtiE and L-Car. It could be concluded that addition of VtiE and L-Car in combination with purslane in low protein diets induced beneficial synergetic effects to reduce the susceptibility of birds to ascites.

In this article, by using the definitions of the concepts of Prophet and Prophethood, the purpose of Prophethood is pointed out, and the place and necessity of this notion in the field of knowledge is investigated. In addition, God's actions towards the prophets have also been mentioned, which include: taking a vow from the prophets by God, preempting the words to the messengers and sending a prophet, God's revelation to the prophets, and granting features to the prophets from God. The interpretation of a prophet is different from that of a messenger, a king, and a sage. Therefore, the scope of a prophet's authority in God's throne, purgatory, and the domain of the jinn can be examined. Even the examples of prophesying by prophets and other messengers of God are different, and God's behavior with prophets includes: benefiting from special blessings, placing Jinn and other enemies for every prophet. The characteristics of prophets also include: divine knowledge about, benefiting from divine instruction, finding a way to the purgatory, and being guided on the straight path. In the same way, prophets have special behavioral characteristics towards God, people and their families.

 Undoubtedly, the concern of every person in life is to reach the ideal world that he cultivates in his mind and to achieve it, he tries to remove its obstacles. Needs are among the obstacles that can be removed to achieve a desirable life. Therefore, this motivation will lead a person to know and satisfy his needs. William Glaser is one of the psychologists who presented a theory based on internal control, called the theory of choice, in which he proposed five basic human needs, which include: survival, love, power, freedom, and fun, and he believes that every behavior of humans Head is in the direction of satisfying these five needs. Considering the deep relationship between the rich Persian literature and psychology, it is possible to analyze and examine the authentic works of Persian literature based on the world"s popular theories. The purpose of this research is to examine the basic human needs in the poems of Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi and Fereydoun Moshiri, relying on Golsar"s selection theory.

 The current research is a theoretical study that was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method, using the tool of sampling and referring to library sources. The studied community was the book of Ashke Maashuq, the collection of Hamidi Shirazi"s poems from the contemporary voice publishing house, and the reflection of Sobhdaman"s soul, the summaries of Fereydon Moshiri"s poems published by the Cheshme publication.

 The study of the poems of Hamidi Shirazi and Moshiri shows that the need for love is expressed more than other needs in their poems. Evidence of the need for survival, power, freedom, and fun can also be seen in the poems of the two poets mentioned above, which shows their attention to satisfying these needs in humans. In Hamidi"s poem, according to the frankness of his speech, and what he himself has expressed about his love, it is concluded that addressing each of the needs and satisfying them often depended on his success in his romantic relationships; On the other hand, Moshiri goes beyond the poet"s personal ego in expressing his feelings and inner needs, and considers the satisfaction of every need necessary and appropriate for everyone.

 Hamidi Shirazi and Moshiri were under the influence of factors that had a direct relationship with their inner selves in the creation of their poems, and this caused the basic human needs to appear in their poems.

The temporal aspect of the doctrine of infallibility has been the point of contention between absolutists and opponents. This research compares the viewpoints of two commentators, one: Fakh razi (606 AH) who considers infallibility to be timeless, and the other: Ibn Sharafshah Hosseini (810 AH) who considers the scope of infallibility to be unquestionable. Ben Mayeh has tried to examine their point of view about the temporal side of infallibility in connection with related Quranic words: "sin" (Fath: 2), "Wizr" (Sharh: 2) and "delal" (Zuhi: 7). The findings showed that both commentators do not consider these words to be in conflict with infallibility And as a result, it is not possible to conclude from them the temporality of infallibility. However, Fakhr Razi emphasizes the notion of the temporality of infallibility which is based on Ash'ari biases and incorruptible news and tries not to deviate from his theological thought in this regard with different interpretations. Therefore, his methodological and semantic positions are not in harmony with his verbal point of view.

This article has as its purpose the enumeration of various conceptual metaphors of death from the viewpoint of cognitive linguistics. It used library research based on linguistics and semantics methodologies. The main theory used here is Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphors and the system used is that of source and target domains. After citing the Quranic verses (Ayas) on the subject of death and pointing out theories related to conceptual metaphor in cognitive linguistics, it has been concluded that to define the abstract concept of death the Quran has adopted image schemas like path, trajector and landmark, and has employed some conceptual metaphors for death as a living, dynamic and tasteable entity, and for the world as a receptacle through which man departs when dying. Also, death, in its metaphorical sense of time within place, is presented as the point of returning to the Creator. The educational function of this view on death, in terms of cognitive linguistics, is to create an awareness of the true meaning of it as far as it could lead to better mental and behavioral capacities.

Today, naval power is not limited to military power and includes the dimensions of maritime science and knowledge, naval fleet, geopolitical capacities, maritime services and maritime industries. These dimensions and components have a special place in the maritime power of the country. In the past years, we have seen that different military and civilian maritime departments are moving things forward separately, and along with these organizations, policy makers and high-ranking officials of the country and the army have aligned and synergistic approaches to the issue of the sea, presence at sea, sea-oriented development and They have not developed the sea power of the country. In this research, with a mixed approach and contextual case method and interview and questionnaire tools, while explaining the components of maritime power, we have tried to express the position of these components in the maritime civilization of the country. Based on this, with library, comparative and exploratory studies, research literature was compiled. Then, the shortcomings of the findings were completed using the opinions of experts and a number of new factors were added to the previous factors. Then, a research questionnaire was prepared, which was distributed among the research sample population and its results were summarized by going through the relevant steps and obtaining the necessary validity and reliability. In the following, the findings obtained from the results of the questionnaires, together with the analysis of discourse and the content of the interviews, were analyzed with descriptive statistics, SPSS software and inferential statistics methods using "SmartPLS" software. Finally, the dimensions and components of the maritime power of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the coefficients and priority of their influence on the implementation of the country's maritime civilization were determined. The five dimensions counted, in order of priority of impact, are: marine services, marine fleet, marine industries, capacities of political geography and marine sciences, each of which has components (60 components in total). At the end of the research, recommendations were made for establishing the maritime civilization of the country based on these dimensions and components.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin E (VtiE) and L-carnitine (L-Car) supplements with purslane powder (PP) in reduced-protein diet to immune response, hematological indices and some serum indices in broiler chickens reared at cold stress . 576 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six treatments, with six replicates per treatment and 16 birds per replicate. The experimental treatments were as follows: 1) normal-protein diet (negative control; NC), 2) a reduced- protein diet (20 g kg-1 lower protein) as a control diet (C), 3) C + 2 g kg-1 of PP, 4) C + PP diet supplemented with 250 mg kg-1 VitE, 5) C + PP diet supplemented with 150 mg kg-1 of L-Car and, 6) C + PP diet supplemented with 250 mg kg-1 VitE + 150 mg kg-1 L-Car. Results showed that diets supplemented with PP + VtiE and PP + L-Car showed decreased the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (P<0.05) at 42 days. Antibody titers against Sheep red blood cells and Newcastle disease virus were significantly increased (P<0.05) at 41 and 27 days by VtiE and L-Car, respectively. While triglycerides and cholesterol were significantly reduced by them (P<0.05). It could be concluded that addition of VtiE and L-Car alone in combination with purslane in low protein diets by create beneficial synergistic effects, it can improve immune system and health in broilers reared at cold stress.

Empiricism in the contemporary era led to the growth of the materialistic approach in various fields. One of these areas was the interpretation of the Qur'an. Some Qur'anic scholars analyzed the occult concepts of the Qur'an influenced by the materialistic approach. One of the commentators who interpreted the Qur'an in such an atmosphere is Mohammad Taqi Shariati. Some people, citing some of his opinions, have said that he has interpreted the occult concepts of the Qur'an to material matters. Therefore, considering the intellectual and ideological challenges that this approach had in Islamic societies, especially in Iran, and also considering the fundamental role of occult concepts in human happiness, it requires us to have a correct understanding of those concepts. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate Mohammad Taqi Shariati's view as an influential personality in the contemporary era. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate the concept of material approach to the occult concepts of the Quran based on the library method with a descriptive-analytical approach in modern interpretation. According to the findings of the research, the material adaptation is compatible with his epistemological, ontological and anthropological foundations, and from the interpretation aspect, too much in the scientific approach and scientific interpretation outside the code is considered one of the areas of the material approach to the occult concepts of the Qur'an. will be

The story of Prophet Yusuf and Zulaikha is one of the fascinating stories of the Holy Qur’an. One of the points of dispute is this section of the Holy Qur’an”… he would have made for her [too] had he not beheld the proof of his God ”. The significance of the sentence includes two parts: What does “…he would have made for her [too]…” mean? And what is the meaning of “…had he not beheld the proof of his God”? The objective of the current research is shedding enough light upon the true meaning of the afore-mentioned sentence. Accordingly, by utilizing the methodology of content analysis and narratology (White, 1973), verses 23 and 24 of Surah Yusuf have been analyzed thoroughly and meticulously to ultimately clarify the ambiguous points. The result of the study shows that the phrase “…he would have made for her [too]…” could be elaborated on in two ways: it can mean a physical confrontation with Zulaikha and it can also mean an intention similar to Zulaikha’s intention and will. The significance of “…had he not beheld the proof of his God” squarely depends on the meaning obtained from “…he would have made for her [too]…” In the first interpretation, the observation of the proof of his God describes Prophet Yusuf as a pious person whom God helps thanks to his steady piety, and in the second interpretation, the observation of the proof of God portrays the infallibility and impeccability of Prophet Yusuf which hinders him to succumb to sordid penchants and intentions.

Soil organic carbon is very important in increasing the production of agricultural products and reducing soil erosion and greenhouse gas emissions. A better understanding of the amount and storage of soil organic carbon is essential to the use of soil and maintaining its productivity. The extended pastures of Fandoqloo region in Ardabil province potentially could support and sequestrate considerable amounts of carbon but they are subjected to land use change, high population and tourism. Such tensions led to land degradation and low carbon sequestration in some parts. This study aimed to find effective natural variables on soil carbon density and sequestration. Such variables could be applied for remediation and resilience of degraded pastures and croplands in Fandoghloo region. By application of Latin Hypercube techniques and spatial variables like soil, land use and geological maps the location of sample points was determined. For each land use unit (pasture or cropland) 70 composite surface soil samples (in total 140 samples) were collected from zero to 15 cm deep. After pretreatments of soil samples, soil's physical and chemical properties were measured according to standard protocols. A digital elevation model of the study area was formed using digital isolines of topographic maps and primary and secondary derivates were constructed. Landsat 8 bands were extracted from the Geology Department site of the USA and Normalized difference vegetation index and thermal map of the study area were calculated. Multiple linear regression and artificial neural network models were applied and soil data, digital elevation model and its derivates, normalized difference vegetation index and land surface temperature map have entered the models as independent variables for the prediction of soil organic carbon density. To evaluate the results of the models, the coefficients of determination and root mean square error was used. Application of multiple linear regression model indicated that total soil nitrogen, normalized difference vegetation index and mean weight diameter of aggregates justified 53% of soil organic carbon density in the pasture while 46% of soil organic carbon density in croplands land use was explained by total soil nitrogen and plane curvature. The results of the paired t-test showed a significant difference (P< 0.01) between soil organic carbon density of the pasture and cropland land use. An artificial neural network with an arrangement of 1-10-24 and tan-sigmoid transfer function in the hidden layer justified 71% and 82% of the soil organic carbon density in the pasture and croplands, respectively. Root mean square error of multiple linear regression models for predicting soil organic carbon density in the pasture and croplands were 1.07 and 1.04, respectively but of artificial neural network model was decreased to 0.85 and 0.58 for pasture and cropland, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the artificial neural network model was severely sensed to digital elevation model and soil moisture content at wilting point. The result of this study indicated the significance of natural vegetation cover and the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates for carbon sequestration in the pastures. Artificial neural networks performed to simulate changes in soil organic carbon density showed that these networks are successful in tracking an important part of soil organic carbon density changes at pasture and cropland land uses. In other words, artificial neural networks were able to identify the effects of these variables on soil organic carbon density using tracing and identifying the effects and interactions between an independent variable series with organic carbon density status. The results showed that transmission functions can be used by the data of primary and secondary topographic parameters for estimating soil organic carbon density in the region.

In present study the effects of chicory, turmeric, artichoke and sage powder on yield, egg quality and fatty liver status in laying hens fed high energy and low protein diets. A total of 270 LSL laying hens at 80 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 5 treatments, 6 replications and 9 birds per replicate. Experimental treatments were included high energy (3000 kcal/kg) and low protein (13%) diet as control, and four diets containing 0.15% of chicory stem and root powder, turmeric rizhom powder, artichoke leaf powder or milk thistle powder. The results showed that treatments decresed feed intake and turmeric increased egg weight (P<0.05). Yolk color, white weight, and shell weight were affected (P<0.05) positively by medicinal plants. Diet containing turmeric significantly reduced blood glucose compared to control diet (P<0.05). The effect of treatments on biochemical and hematological parameters of blood was not significant (P>0.05). Abdominal fat weight was significantly lower in birds received milk thistle diet (P<0.05). The results showed that the medicinal plants used in the present study had no effect on bird’s performance however milk thistle powder by lowering the abdominal fat and with lower histological and hemoragic scores had more potential for improvement of fatty liver and more researches with higher level of milk thestle is needed.

Citizenship and civil rights are a set of public rights that are issued to citizens of a country considering two principles of human dignity and justice. In each historical period, literary works indicate attitudes, ideals and values of a people and civil requirements are one of the moral and social teachings that are seen in these works more or less. In Iran, citizenship rights requirements began seriously during the Constitutional period and together with other poets of that time, Malek o’Shoara reflected these requirements in his poems. This paper aimed to study the most striking civil requirements in the poems of Mohammed Taghi Bahar through descriptive-analytical method. The research findings indicate that the most distinctive civil requirements in Bahar’s poetical works namely freedom, justice and female rights together with other topics like social welfare, economical welfare, forgiveness, science learning, security and … infer Malek o’Shoara’s right-seeking thought.

Research aims: 

A study of the familiarity of Malek o’Shoara Bahar with the Charter of Citizenship Rights.2. A study of the main themes of Malek o’Shoara Bahar poems.

Research questions:

Was Malek o’Shoara Bahar familiar with the Charter of Citizenship Rights?2. What are the main themes of Malek o’Shoara Bahar poems?

Estimating the amount of soil organic carbon on a regional scale determines the potential of a landscape soil as a carbon storage site. This study was carried out in the Fandoqloo Region, Ardabil Province, Iran, and aimed to introduce: (i) the most suitable soil and environment characteristics as ancillary data for estimating soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and (ii) the most appropriate method for mapping SOCD among ordinary kriging (OK), co-kriging (CoK) and regression-kriging (RK) models. To fulfil the objectives, geographic information systems' database of the study area was developed by introducing soil, topographic and satellite data in the first step. Next, using Latin Hypercube (LHC) techniques and soil, land use, and geology maps and 140 sites were determined in the study area for collecting surficial (0-15 cm) compound soil samples. Results indicated that the land use type significantly affected SOCD (P ≤ 0.01) and SOCD of rangelands was higher than of croplands. Soil total nitrogen and mean weight diameter (MWD) were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) correlated with SOCD and could be applied as ancillary data for estimation of SOCD. Statistical indices revealed that application of co-kriging along with total soil nitrogen as ancillary data improved SOCD mapping compared with ordinary kriging. In general, this research indicated that regression-kriging was the most efficient method for mapping SOCD and total soil nitrogen, MWD, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and plane curvature were significant soilscape characteristics that affect SOCD distribution.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the reporting of professional misconduct in auditing with a foundation approach. The foundation data theory approach uses a qualitative approach based on foundation data theory. Data collection tool was a semi-structured interview with experts. The auditors were knowledgeable and experienced, in-depth interviews were conducted to the point of saturation. Research data were analyzed using coding method and Maxqda software and the main categories and concepts were extracted. The results indicate that professional judgment, professional ethics, auditor experience and skills, individual factors, psychological factors, emphasis on emotional components, the role of moral components and environmental factors were identified in the form of causal conditions, contextual conditions, strategies and consequences and intervening conditions. The results indicate that professional judgment, professional ethics, auditor experience and skills, individual factors, psychological factors, emphasis on emotional components, the role of moral components and environmental factors were identified in the form of causal conditions, contextual conditions, strategies and consequences and intervening conditions.

The ontological proof of God's existence is a highly controversial argument sought after by Western philosophers and Islamic thinkers. To compare the discourse between the Western and Muslim perspectives, this research examines the initial coherent statements of Anselm and Naraghi, finding complete similarity in both propositions. The starting point of this argument is the concept of God as a being beyond which nothing greater or superior can be imagined, a premise accepted by Naraghi as well. The research seeks a common knowledge basis between these two thinkers, revealing similarities that demonstrate the existence of God as an inherent and unquestionable truth for both. Acknowledging this innate knowledge of God plays a crucial role in establishing the argument's premise. By neglecting the epistemological origin of this argument, certain challenges raised by individuals like Gunilo can be addressed and resolved.

The university is an effective institution for the growth and excellence of society and the present study was conducted with the aim of validating the structural model of the third generation university based on distance education.

This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was quantitative with a structural model approach. The research population was the faculty members of Payame Noor University in the academic year 2020-21. The research sample in the preliminary stage to study the psychometric indices of the model was 72 people and in the main stage were 232 people who were selected by multi stage cluster sampling method. The research instrument was a 58-item researcher-made questionnaire in seven components of organizational infrastructure, interventionist conditions, prevailing atmosphere on university, third generation university, autonomy, globalization and effective interaction, whose its formal and content validity by experts was confirmed and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha method was obtain 0.88. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling in SPSS-22 and AMOS-22 software.

The results showed that the structural model of the third generation university based on distance education had 18 sub-components in seven components of organizational infrastructure (with two sub-components of hard bedding and soft bedding), intervening conditions (with three sub-components of autonomy, globalization and effective interaction), prevailing atmosphere on university (with four sub-components of creativity and brainstorming, organizational commitment, innovative motivation and innovative attitude), third generation university (with two sub-components of entrepreneurial university and wealth-creating university), autonomy (with three sub-components of independent policy-making, financial dependence reduction and independent content production), globalization (with two sub-components of global look and global action) and effective interaction (with two sub-components of intra-organizational communication and extra-organizational communication). Other findings showed that the structural model of the third generation university based on distance education had a good fit and in this model organizational infrastructure, interventionist conditions and prevailing atmosphere on university had a significant direct effect on third generation university and organizational infrastructure had a significant indirect effect on the third generation university through interventionist conditions (P<0.001).

According to the findings the structural model of the third generation university based on distance education had a good validation and to improve the third generation university based on distance education using from the components of globalization, effective interaction, autonomy, interventionist conditions, organizational infrastructure and prevailing atmosphere on university can be effective.