ali-akbar malekirad

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cytotoxic agents that lead to significant oxidative damage. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a contaminant toxic, oxidative and estrogenic effects. Purslane is a promising natural product, which could be useful for the prevention of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. In this study 49 adult male rats (250 10g) were divided randomly in 7 groups (n=7): Control, Sham (500 ug corn oil\Kg BW), Toxin group (500ug BPA\kg BW), Positive control (100mg purslane hydroalcoholic extract\kg BW) and 3 purslane treated groups (500ug BPA + 50,100&150 mg purslane\kg BW). All injections are done by i.p rout in 14 consequently days. At the end of administration time (14 day) all animals were anesthetized with Chloral hydrate and sacrificed, then liver samples isolated to preparing tissue homogenates for measure antioxidant enzymes including SOD, CAT, TAC, GPX and MDA. Data are analyzed in SPSS statistical software by one way ANOVA with Tukey posttest. Analyzed data showed that MDA, TAC, CAT, GSH and GPX measures are modified in purslane treated groups compared to the bisphenol A group which indicates that the portulaca oleracea extract can improve the hepatotoxicity of bisphenol A induced.

Infertility as a crisis in marital relationships not only causes psychological problems, but can also act as a powerful blow against the relationship between the couple. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy and Gottman couple therapy on sexual function, marital sexual satisfaction and depression in infertile couples. In this quasi-experimental study, 54 infertile couples from Omid Royan Infertility Center in Arak were selected and divided into two intervention groups (36 couples) and a control group (18 couples). In the intervention group, the training content was performed by emotion-focused couple therapy and Gottman couple therapy in ten 60-minute sessions for infertile couples, and two months later, the test was followed up. Data were collected using demographic information form, sexual function questionnaire, marital sexual satisfaction and depression and was analyzed using SPSS software version 23. The results showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy and Gottman couple therapy on the sexual performance of men in infertile couples (P<0.05). However, there is no difference between the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy and Gottman couple therapy on women's sexual performance, marital sexual satisfaction of women and men, and depression of infertile couples. (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that both emotion-oriented couple therapy and Gottman methods were effective on sexual performance, marital sexual satisfaction and depression of infertile couples, and the scores of the post-test group and the follow-up period were better than the control group (P<0.05). The implementation of both methods of couple therapy has been effective on sexual function, marital sexual satisfaction and depression of infertile couples. Therefore, it is recommended that these two treatments including emotion-focused couple therapy and Gottman be used to improve sexual functioning, sexual satisfaction and marital depression of infertile couples.

This research aims to compare family cultural functioning and excitement-seeking in delinquent teenagers and normal peers. The current research is an applied type in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of causal-comparative type. The statistical population under study in the current research is all the delinquent teenagers arrested by the sheriffs of Marand city, numbering 60 people. From this number, according to Morgan's table and the available sampling method, 50 people were selected as a sample and compared with 50 of their peers. The tools used in this research were Zuckerman's excitement-seeking questionnaire (1993) and McMaster's family questionnaire. The obtained results illustrated that the functioning of the family in delinquent teenagers and normal peers and the level of excitement-seeking in delinquent teenagers and normal peers are different.

This study was intendedn to investigate the impact of communicational skills based spirituality therapy on the consumption greed of drugs, hope and psychological well-being of treated drug addicts. This study was a semi-experimental study based on pre-posttests group and control group. Population consisted of addicts referred to addiction retreat camp of Dedaye Omid (N=40) who 30 addict were selected among them randomly and were grouped in two groups including experimental group (15) and control group (15). In this study, three standard questionnaires were used to measure data including greedy use of drugs of Fdardi materials, Bafrafan and Ziaee (2008), Snider et.al. (1991) hope questionnaire and Ryff (1995) psychological well-being questionnaire Results showed that spiritual therapy positively and significantly impacted on greedy use of drugs, hope to life and its components and psychological well-being and its components. Psychologists and counselors in the field of addiction treatment can use spiritual therapy as a complementary treatment in the treatment of addiction and preventing temptation and relapse.

 Despite the widespread use of medicinal plants in the food basket of many families, using healthy herbs with safe nutritional standards is one of the necessities.

In this review, the required data and related keywords (such as “latest methods of measuring and analyzing toxic elements in medicinal plants and foods, etc.) were collected from databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SID, PubMed, Elsevier, Springer, etc. Then we focused on accurate works related to toxic elements and medicinal plants.

First, we introduced the issue of toxic elements in foods, especially medicinal plants, with a new perspective. Then, some tools related to measuring toxic elements in herbs and some recent research were investigated. Further, an attempt was made to show the importance of the issue. Finally, the effects of toxic elements on various parts of the human body were discussed.

  An overview of using safe medicinal plants was presented while providing effective solutions such as identifying contaminated areas, using soil stabilizers, and preventing the leaching of toxic elements into farmland.

The aim of this study was to predict marital satisfaction based on sexual knowledge and sexual schemas in married women. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all women who were referred to the Welfare Counseling Center in Arak in June and July 2018. Using the available sampling method, 115 patients referred to this center were selected as the research sample. In order to collect information, Enrich (1989) Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire, Anhopper (1992) Sexual Knowledge Questionnaire, and Anderson and Sivansky's (1994) Sex Schemas were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using a regression analysis test using SPSS software version 23. Findings from the analysis of research data showed that there is a significant correlation between sexual knowledge, sexual schemas, and marital satisfaction (P <0/05). Also, the modified multiple determination coefficient indexes showed that predictor variables, including sexual knowledge and romantic, explicit, and shy schemas, can predict a total of 35% of marital satisfaction. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that marital satisfaction in married women is related to factors such as sexual knowledge and sexual schemas; Therefore, empowerment and educational programs with the aim of increasing sexual knowledge and increasing interest between couples can play an effective role in improving the quality of marriage and increasing life satisfaction.

Ethanol is a strong pro-oxidant that causes cellular oxidative stress and damage, and it has a disruptive effect on cognitive abilities that can be caused by tissue damage. In this study, the tissue effects of ethanol alone and along with probiotic consumption were investigated on parts of the gray and white matter of the brain that are located in the vicinity of the lateral ventricles.

This experimental and case-control study was performed in the Physiology Research Laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Arak, Iran. 32 male wistar large rats (12 weeks) with an average weight of 250-300 grams were randomly divided into four groups of eight: (I) Negative control group: Mice were nasogastric tubed with only one milli - liter of phosphate buffer, (II) Probiotic group: 10 9 cfu/ml lactobacillus casei were nasogastric tubed for two months, (III) ethanol receiving group: ethanol at a concentration of 2g/kg, in - jected intraperitoneally for 30 minutes daily, (IV): probiotic-ethanol group: initially probiotic 109cfu/ml lactobacilli casei was nasogastric tubed for two months and ethanol injection at a concentration of 2g/kg was performed simultaneously in the last five days of the period. Histopathological study and analysis were performed using the H&E staining technique after sacrificing mice. Prism-GraphPad 9 software was used to analyze the data and charts. Groups were compared by one-side ANOVA and Tukey test was used to determine the differences be - tween each group.

The microscopic study showed observable pathological changes in the ethanol group (p<0.01). This group showed the highest injury due to vasogenic edema with Vir - chow-Robin space tension, hydrostatic edema, central chromatolysis, ischemic neuronal in - jury, and glial cell accumulation compared to the negative control group (p<0.0001). Tissue injury in the ethanol-probiotic group was15 to 25% reduced compared to the ethanol group (p<0.01). Healthy groups that receiving only probiotics had a healthy tissue pattern.

Probiotic supplement compensates for ethanol-induced tissue injury in the cor - tical and subcortical regions adjacent to the brainstem.

The use of antioxidant supplements improves and reduces oxidative stressfactors following intense intense exercise. Exhaustion was performed in female athletes.

14 female athletes with an age range of 20 to 28 years and a maximum oxygenconsumption of 42-52 m/kg/min in a quasi-experimental design randomly divided into two groups receivingcoenzyme Q10 supplementation and placebo (5 mg/kg body weight). Were. After 14 days ofcoenzyme Q10 supplementation, the subjects performed an intense, debilitating activity. Urine sampleswere collected in three stages (baseline, before and 24 hours after exhaustive activity) to determine theconcentration of 8-OHdG and MDA.

There was a significant difference of 62% in the increasing response of urinaryOHdG-8 to an exhaustingaerobic exercise session (P = 0.003). However, the 2% difference in the increasing urinary MDAresponse of the supplement and placebo groups was not significant after the last quasi-competitiveaerobic training session (P = 0.7).

According to the results of the study, two weeks of high-pressure aerobic training causesDNA damage and lipid peroxidation in female athletes, and supplementation with Q10 helps preventthe 8-OHdG response of female athletes after a strenuous high-pressure aerobic training session andreduces DNA damage. Become athlete

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a major concern among women worldwide. However, the exact mechanisms underlying miscarriage are not well understood. Recent evidence suggests that single nucleotide polymorphisms in various genes, especially miRNAs, may be responsible for RPL.

We surveyed the association between polymorphisms in pre-miR-125a, pre-miR-10a, pre-miR-323b, GPX4, and GPX4 in Iranian women with idiopathic RPL.

DNA was extracted from blood samples of 116 women with idiopathic RPL and 89 healthy women as controls who had previously had at least two successful pregnancies. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the amplification of the genes. Genotype screening along with SNaPshot were performed to detect different polymorphisms. Finally, the polymorphisms and frequency of each genotype were compared between the two groups.

The frequencies of polymorphisms in pre-miR-125a (p < 0.001) and pre-miR-10a (p = 0.04) were calculated among the case and control groups, which showed a statistical difference (p < 0.05), indicating an association between these polymorphisms and the symptoms of RPL. The frequencies of polymorphisms of genotypes in GPX4, COMT and pre-miR-323b did not demonstrate any difference between the two groups. Also, the amount of alleles in pre-miR-125a and pre-miR-10a were significantly different (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively) and the dominant inheritance model was proposed.

In pre-miR-125a and pre-miR-10a can be associated with RPL in women. The SNaPshot technique is a valuable tool to evaluate possible associations between polymorphisms and health conditions.

The purpose of this study is to predict marital conflicts based on life skills and attachment styles mediated by sexual satisfaction and love story of couples.

The statistical population of this study included all couples who referred to counseling centers under the supervision of the Judiciary in Arak who had referred to these centers in a period of 6 months in 1398. The total statistical population was 600 couples (1200 people) and 146 couples (292 people) were selected as the statistical sample by available sampling method. Data collection tool: Hazan and Shiver Attachment Styles Scale Questionnaire (1993); Marital Conflict Scale Sanaei et al. (2000); Saatchi et al.'s Life Skills Scale (2010); The Larson Sexual Satisfaction Scale (1988) and the Sternberg Love Story Scale were standardized by (Alaei and Karami, 2007), all of which had validity and reliability. This study was a correlational study that was performed by structural equation modeling.

The results showed that both sexual satisfaction and love story can play a mediating role in predicting marital conflicts based on life skills and attachment styles.

Therefore, it can be concluded that sexual satisfaction can balance the relationship between attachment styles and marital conflict and reduce the rate of marital conflict. Also, the love story in the relationship between life skills and marital conflicts can reduce these conflicts.

Heavy metals cause significant issues when people are exposed to many specific types of them. They can cause many disorders and affect the biochemical pathways in the body. Herbs are known as one of the richest sources of modern patented drugs, particularly in Iranian references. Many metals, particularly heavy metals, are toxic. Various studies have shown a higher level of heavy metals than standards in some countries like Iran, Pakistan, Egypt, and Nigeria. A preliminary study was conducted to determine some toxic elements in powdered Ziziphora (Ziziphora persica) collected from the local market in Lahijan city, northern Iran. Twenty random samples were gathered from various markets, and a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) was used to detect some featured toxic elements, including copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg). The results showed higher Pb, Cd, and Hg levels than standards. Besides, Cu and Zn were detected to be lower than standards.

Recognition of mechanisms involved in inflammatory disorders through the aging process and providing appropriate preventive or modulator strategies to improve quality of life are always important challenges in the field of life sciences. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of two-month concurrent training (RT+HIIT) and caloric restriction on serum CRP and P65 amount in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of inactive middle-aged men.

Twenty-four inactive, healthy men participated in three homogeneous groups: Caloric restriction (CR), Concurrent training (T) and Concurrent training with Caloric restriction (CRT) groups. Calorie restriction and energy cost in five days a week was about six kcal·kg-1·day-1. The concurrent training was included five days per week (two sessions of resistance training with 75 to 80% 1RM and three sessions of high intensity interval training with 80-85% heart rate reserve). Baseline and post-intervention p65 in the total and phosphorylated (p-p65) levels in PBMCs were assessed by ELISA. Serum CRP concentration was also measured using immunoturbidimetric.

Weight loss in CRT group was significantly higher than the other two groups (P < 0.05). However, the changes range in fat percentage, maximal oxygen consumption and one-repetition maximum (1RM) of T and CRT groups were significantly higher than CR group (P < 0.05). Changes in phosphorylated P65 and p-p65 / total p65 ratio in PBMCs of T and CRT groups were significantlyhigher than CR group (P < 0.05).

Based on the present results, two months of concurrent training and caloric restriction can reduce some of inflammatory markers in inactive men. In addition, the effect of concurrent training with and without calorie restriction on the initiators of inflammatory factors is greater than the calorie restriction intervention alone. Therefore, concurrent training and caloric restriction are recommended for prevention and confronting obesity and its inflammatory consequences, especially in middle age.

Aim and Background:

Conflicts in the family create issues and problems at the individual, institutional and social levels. Marital conflicts and divorce after sudden death in the family are considered to be the most important stressors in the family. The purpose of this study is to predict marital conflicts based on life skills and attachment styles mediated by sexual satisfaction and love story of couples.

Methods and Materials:

The statistical population of this study included all couples who referred to counseling centers under the supervision of the Judiciary in Arak who had referred to these centers in a period of 6 months in 1398. The total statistical population was 600 couples (1200 people) and 146 couples (292 people) were selected as the statistical sample by available sampling method. Data collection tool: Hazan and Shiver Attachment Styles Scale Questionnaire (1993); Marital Conflict Scale Sanaei et al. (2000); Saatchi et al.'s Life Skills Scale (2010); The Larson Sexual Satisfaction Scale (1988) and the Sternberg Love Story Scale were standardized by (Alaei and Karami, 2007), all of which had validity and reliability. This study was a correlational study that was performed by structural equation modeling.

The results showed that both sexual satisfaction and love story can play a mediating role in predicting marital conflicts based on life skills and attachment styles.

Therefore, it can be concluded that sexual satisfaction can balance the relationship between attachment styles and marital conflict and reduce the rate of marital conflict. Also, the love story in the relationship between life skills and marital conflicts can reduce these conflicts.

This study aim was to evaluate the relationship between the drinking water quality in Arak city regions and the drinking water sources to identify areas with inappropriate quality drinking water and its zoning with the geographic information system (GIS) and planning to address drinking water quality problems. In this research, drinking water from 18 areas in the city was sampled to measure physical and chemical parameters during 2016. Parameter analysis was carried out by the standard water and wastewater. To extract the contamination maps, IDW method was used in GIS environment. The drinking water quality parameters average  for pH, TDS, EC, TH, F, Cl, NO3 and SO4 was 7.4, 50.67(mg/l), 28.840(µS/cm), 28.38(mg/lCaCO3), 17.0(mg/l), 15.95(mg/l), 19.66(mg/l) and 27.49 (mg/l) respectively. The results showed that the highest concentration of pH, TDS, and EC was in the east.  TH is located in the south. The highest amount of F is in the west of the city and F is highest in the south, the highest NO3 and SO4 are located in the south. In general, the comparison of measured values ​​with the set value indicates that the average value of all elements was lower than national standards, but the mean of TDS, TH, and NO3 is higher than global standards.

Hospitals, especially their emergency departments, are among the first health systems affected by accidents and disasters. Because of its nature and obligation to provide the highest quality services, this department should have protocols for coordination and interaction with other departments and be fully prepared in critical situations. This study aims to evaluate the disaster preparedness of the Emergency Department of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Isfahan Province, Iran. 

This research is an applied descriptive study conducted in Shahid Motahari Hospital in Fooladshahr City, Isfahan Province, Iran. The study data were collected using the Persian version of the World Health Organization’s Hospital Emergency Response Checklist completed through interview and document analysis. The checklist consists of 90 items and 9 domains, including command and control (7 items), communications (9 items), safety and security (11 items), triage (10 items), surge capacity (13 items), continuity of essential services (8 items), human resources (15 items), logistics and supply management (10 items) and post-disaster recovery (7 items). The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics over 4 months.

The disaster preparedness of the Emergency Department of the Hospital was poor in the human resources domain and good in the communication domain.

The disaster preparedness of the study hospital is at a moderate level. Planning and implementation of practical measures such as holding crisis management courses, establishing a crisis management team, estimating necessary resources, changing the structure, providing human resources for more accurate control and ease of service delivery, maintaining and rapid repairing of equipment, timely triage, and retrofitting hospitals can play an effective role in improving the disaster preparedness of the study emergency department.

The aim of this study was to predict high-risk behaviors of adolescents based on the family function and religious orientation. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlative in terms of nature and method. The statistical population studied in this research consisted of 14348 high school students in Hamedan city. 384 people were selected as a sample through Krejcie and Morgan table and cluster random sampling method. Thereafter, the high-risk behaviors questionnaire of Mohammadizadeh and Ahmadabadi (2008), Family Function Assessment (FAD), and the religious orientation questionnaire of Allport (1967) were used in order to collect the required data. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test, analysis of variance, and multiple regressions in Spss20 software. Findings indicated that there was an indirect relationship between the components of family functions such as relationship, emotional integration, role performance, problem solving, emotional accompaniment, behavior control, and overall performance and high-risk behaviors of students at a significant level less than 0.05. In addition, there was an indirect relationship between the internal and external religious orientation and high-risk behaviors at a significant level less than 0.05. Therefore, the problem studied is better to be considered by the officials due to the necessary training for families to identify high-risk behaviors of children and guide them and also the role of counseling centers of NAJA in social security increase and as a result the social investment of the police in order to prevent the emergence and spread of these behaviors.

 The most critical issue that the young generation faces is cyberspace, which has increased irrationally with the coronavirus outbreak. The present study aimed to identify cyberspace’s role in lifestyle, promoting health, and coronary anxiety in young people.

 The research method is descriptive post-event. The community included all undergraduate students of Tabriz Azad University, of which 307 people participated in the study through an online call answer to a Researcher-Made Questionnaires, which designed to measure the use of cyberspace, Corona Anxiety Questionnaire and the Lifestyle Promoters. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and Post Hoc test.

 The findings show the components of lifestyle promoting health, subscales of spiritual growth (P=0.001), responsibility (P=0.016), interpersonal relationships (p=0.033), exercise (P=0.009) as well as the overall score of lifestyle (P=0.001); And one of the components of Corona Anxiety is a subscale of psychological symptoms (P=0.001) and also the total score of Corona Anxiety (P=0.001) in groups related to the use of cyberspace is significant, And students who spent more than four hours using cyberspace scored lower on health-promoting lifestyles and higher on coronary anxiety components.

 The excessive use of cyberspace has played a negative role in improving the health of students. Excessive and very little use of cyberspace also increases students’ anxiety, and in this regard, it is suggested that students manage the use of virtual social networks.

AbstractSirtuins have become prominent molecules in the aging process. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effect of two months of concurrent training with and without calorie restriction on sirtuin-1 activity and content in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of inactive men. Therefore, thirty inactive men participated in three homogeneous groups: calorie restriction (CR: n=10), concurrent training (T: n=10), and concurrent training with calorie restriction (TCR: n=10). The calorie restriction was about -30 kcal•kg-1•week-1. The training consisted of five days a week (Resistance Training: two sessions / week-1, and High- Intensity Interval Training: three sessions / week-1). Sirtuin-1 content and activity in PBMCs were measured by ELISA and fluorometric assay, respectively. To measure oxidative stress, Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by FRAP and spectrophotometry, respectively. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance at a significance level ≤ 0.05. The results showed that Sirtuin-1 activity and TAC of all three groups were significantly increased after two-month interventions (p < 0.05). However, the changes in sirtuin-1 content and MDA levels were not significant in any groups (P> 0.05). Given the optimal changes in sirtuin-1 activity in PBMCs, TAC, and somebody composition components following two-months of concurrent training without calorie restriction, it can be concluded that concurrent training may be a more appropriate intervention for modulating the cell survival indicator in inactive men.

Anxiety is one of the clinical signs of viral diseases such as coronavirus, which can threaten the bodychr('39')s immune system. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of lifestyle and psychological well-being dimensions in corona anxiety in students other than medical sciences of Tabriz Azad University in 1399.

The research method was analytical correlational type in which 307 students of universities in East Azarbaijan province participated in the research through online calling and to the anxiety questionnaires of Corona Alipour et al. (2009), Reef Psychological Welfare (1989) and Walker et al.chr('39')s (1987) health-promoting lifestyle responded: Data analysis was performed with Spss-20 software by step-by-step regression.

The results of step-by-step regression analysis to predict corona anxiety showed that the components of psychological well-being, personal growth and relationships with others were able to predict corona anxiety and this variable along with personal growth variable was 0.72 of variance. They explained the corona anxiety variable. Also, the components of lifestyle-enhancing lifestyle and the components of spiritual growth and responsibility in health were able to predict corona anxiety and explained a total of 0.09 of the variable variance of corona anxiety.

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that promoting personal and spiritual growth and positive and constructive communication with others, as well as responsibility in health can significantly reduce corona anxiety.

Disasters have caused great concern in human societies from the past to the present. The proper condition of hospitals refers to their preparedness for crisis situations and their ability to provide proper services in disastrous conditions. This research is aimed at investigating the emergency preparedness of the hospitals at satellite towns to respond to the measures of health and emergency management in disasters according to the WHO model. This is a descriptive-applied research conducted in Shahid Motahhari Hospital in Fooladshahr. The data were collected by the World Health Organization’s emergency response checklist of hospitals through interviews and reviewing the documents. Data were analyzed using central indicators over a 4-month period. Findings indicated that the highest and lowest levels of emergency preparedness for disasters and emergencies were in the areas of control and command (67.87%) human resource (1%), material and inventory management (0.782%), post-accident reconstruction (0.672%). All in all, the emergency preparedness of the hospital was assessed as average on the basis of WHO model. As the findings indicated, and because of the significance of the role of emergency hospitals in controlling crises, the need to plan and implement convenient measures such as estimating the important and necessary resources, performing structural change, manpower supply, fortifying resilience hospitals, and so on, will be very helpful in improving readiness.

Many new studies related to peri-implantation period and maintenance of pregnancy suggest that microRNAs have fundamentally role in regulating critical pathways in early pregnancy loss and implantation failure. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the possible association between has-miR-125 T>C polymorphism and susceptibility to idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).

In this case-control study, 116 females with at least two or more recurrent pregnancy loss and 89 healthy women with a history of two successful pregnancies and without a history of miscarriage were evaluated. DNA molecule was extracted by RGDE method and genotyping was performed by ARMS Tetra method. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and Chi-squared test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The frequency of TT, TC and CC genotypes of rs12976445 polymorphism were 50.86%, 42.25% and 6.89% and in women with RPL and were 58.43%, 39.33% and 2.24% in healthy women. There was no significant relationship between rs12976445 polymorphism and recurrent pregnancy loss (P=0.238).

No significant association was found between rs12976445 polymorphism and RPL.

 One of the problems of todaychr('39')s Iranian youth is how to use social media coincided with the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

 This study aimed to investigate the way of use of social media and its effect on health promoting behaviors and COVID-19-related anxiety in non-medical students.

 In this analytical study, participants were 307 non-medical students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch. Data collection tools were a demographic form, Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) with two subscales of psychological and physical symptoms, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) with six subscales of spiritual growth, health responsibility, interpersonal relations, stress management, physical activity, and nutrition which were completed online. The multivariate analysis of variance and a post-hoc test were used for data analysis.

 Of 307 participants, 256 were female (83%) and 51 were male (16.6%), with a mean age of 27 years. The HPLP components of spiritual growth (P=0.001), health responsibility (P=0.001), stress management (P=0.001), physical activity (P=0.002), and its overall score (P=0.001) had a significant relationship with the way of use of the Internet, and the group with a fun purpose had lower scores in these variables compared to other groups. Moreover, the CDAS component of psychological symptoms (P=0.007) and its overall score (P=0.03) had a significant relationship with the way of using social media; the group with a fun purpose reported higher CDAS score than the groups with scientific and general information acquiring purposes.

 The use of social media for fun negatively affects the students’ lifestyle in the current coronavirus outbreak and increases their COVID-19-related anxiety.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease due to the demyelination of axons in the central nervous system. Melatonin, as a hormone with potential anti-inflammatory effects, can reduce the MS symptoms by altering the levels of inflammatory mediators.

In this study, 50 MS patients referred to the MS Society in Markazi Province were randomly selected. Each patient completed and signed a consent form and was referred to the MS Center at Vali-Asr Hospital in Arak, Iran. All patients who were routinely receiving interferon, were divided into two groups of 25 each. Group 1 (control) received placebo, and Group 2 (treatment) received one dose of melatonin (3mg) per day for 24 weeks. Patients’ recorded anthropometric data included height, weight, and age. Fasting blood samples were collected and the serum levels of INF-1β and VitB12 determined. The blood samples were immediately centrifuged to separate sera, which were kept in a freezer at -80° C. The serum levels of INF-1β and Vitamin B12 were determined, using ELISA kits.

The data showed that there were significant differences in the serum levels of INF-1β and Vitamin B12 between the control and treatment groups. The levels were significantly increased in the treatment group compared to those in the controls, suggesting that melatonin might have induced the changes.

Based on the results, the application of melatonin might be a valuable strategy in the treatment of patients with MS.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disease that happens at a young age. MS is an inflammatory disease; associated with the demyelination of the central nervous system. Therefore, some inflammatory factors are effective in the mechanism and progression of the disease. Melatonin, as a multi-effect substance including anti-inflammatory effects, can reduce symptoms of MS in patients with a change in their inflammatory factors level. In this study, 50 MS patients who were referred to the MS Society of Markazi Province were randomly selected. All patients were treated with routine MS treatment (interferon) and were divided into control (25 placebo recipients) and treatment (25 recipients of 3 mg melatonin per day for 24 weeks) groups. Anthropometric data of patients including height, weight, and age were determined. Blood samples were collected after fasting in order to determine serum levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Then, samples were immediately centrifuged for serum separation and sera were transferred to a freezer at -80°C and serum levels of these factors were determined; using ELISA kit. The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the control and treatment groups in terms of serum levels of TNF-α. However, the level of IL-1β was significantly reduced in the treatment group compared to the control group, indicating that melatonin decreases this inflammatory substance. Our findings suggest a valuable strategy in the treatment of patients who suffer from MS.

Air pollution in different cities of the world is a complex mixture of toxic components, including particulate matter (PM), mainly produced by combustion processes. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to investigate the relationship between air pollutants and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases in Mashhad. To this end, the data on mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases in 2012-2013 were obtained from Razavi Khorasan Health Organization. The mean daily concentration of air pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), PM with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less (PM10), and PM2.5 was calculated. The results of data analysis showed that there was a relationship between PM10 concentration and the rate of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in men. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between PM10 concentration and the rate of mortality from respiratory diseases in both men and women. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between PM2.5 concentration and the rate of mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases in both men and women. There was also a significant relationship between CO concentration and the rate of mortality from respiratory diseases in women. The results demonstrated that PM2.5 has the greatest effect on mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases. The study findings were reported within the context of environmental communication by using the media tools to raise public awareness of the adverse effects of pollutants.