فهرست مطالب aliakbar anabestani

Entrepreneurship, a burgeoning force in today's economy, plays a pivotal role in rural development by fostering progress, poverty alleviation, and job creation. However, rural areas often grapple with a scarcity of financial capital essential for business initiation or expansion. To address this, governments have introduced micro-rural credits as self-employment loans to stimulate rural employment and entrepreneurship. This study aims to evaluate the impact of government micro-credits on rural entrepreneurship development in Radkan. Adopting an applied, developmental, and descriptive-analytical approach, data was collected through documentary, library, and field research. The study population comprised 27 entrepreneurs, with a sample of 244 individuals from 13 Radkan villages selected using the Cochran formula with a 0.06 error level. Their opinions on research indicators related to the topic were assessed. Findings reveal that micro-government credits have had a negligible impact on rural entrepreneurship in the study area. Most sample entrepreneurs supplemented bank loans with personal funds. Furthermore, insufficient loan amounts, limited credit accessibility, absent insurance support, lengthy loan processing times, and unfavorable repayment terms resulted in low satisfaction levels among entrepreneurs (average 2.32) and rural residents (average 1.91).

Smart tourism utilizes communication and information technologies to enhance the visitor experience at tourist destinations. Integration of smart tourism concepts is particularly important in rural areas. By leveraging smart technologies, villages can promote their businesses and improve their tourism infrastructure. The aim of this study was to examine and analyze the factors influencing the development of smart tourism in tourism-oriented villages in eastern Kermanshah Province.

This study employed a descriptive-analytical research design. Data were collected through a combination of methods, including a documentary review of library resources and scientific journals, as well as field surveys using questionnaires. The information required for the study of smart rural tourism and its indicators was gathered based on the background literature and regional context. Out of a total of 1,191 rural households, a sample of 215 respondents was selected using Cochran’s formula with a 0.065% margin of error. The one-sample t-test was used to measure the level of smart rural tourism according to the type of data, drawing from Pearson correlation tests. To analyze the impacts of the examined factors on smart rural tourism, the CRITIC weighting and COCOSO ranking methods were used based on the type of data. Additionally, factor analysis was conducted to further explore the impacts of the factors on smart rural tourism. For the statistical analyses, JAMOVI software was utilized, while GIS software was employed for spatial analysis.

The results indicated that the concept of smart rural tourism was characterized by a set of indicators related to smart economy, smart governance, smart infrastructure, smart people, smart connectivity, and smart education. The one-sample t-test revealed that among the indicators of smart rural tourism, the indices of smart governance, smart people, smart economy, and smart education were the most important factors in the studied villages. Specifically, the mean scores for smart governance and smart people were 3.95, while the mean scores for smart economy and smart education were 3.90, suggesting these were the most influential components of smart rural tourism in the research context. 

Introduction :

Artificial Intelligence (AI) permeates all aspects of human life, paving the way for numerous innovations and undoubtedly impacting individuals’ quality of life. Recently, people have increasingly been influenced by AI in their roles as citizens, as governments worldwide are increasingly relying on AI-based technologies. This technology, known by some as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0), will change how tasks are performed and our interactions with others and alter what we know about ourselves. With the continuous advancement of this technology, various facilities and services are being offered in cities, significantly impacting the quality of life for citizens. This technology can contribute to creating smart cities, improving urban security, optimizing public transportation, managing waste, enhancing healthcare services, reducing traffic and air pollution, improving urban communications, and many other aspects, ultimately aiding citizens in leading easier and better lives in their cities. Mashhad, as the second most extensive and populous city in Iran, is increasingly taking steps toward the use of AI technology. This neccessiatefurther studies and necessary infrastructureconcerning this subject to better utilize the technology. In this regard, the present research aims to move forward by identifying the key influential factors and drivers for improving the quality of life using AI in the future of the Mashhad metropolis. Therefore, the research question is: What are the key influential factors driving the role of AI in improving the quality of life for citizens in the Mashhad metropolis in the future? (by 2033).

The upcoming research method is a mixed method. In terms of purpose, it is an applicabile study. Also, in terms of methodology, this study encompasses descriptive-analytical techniques and a future-oriented framework. In this regard, the most influential factors affecting the role of artificial intelligence in improving the quality of life for citizens in the city of Mashhad have been evaluated. Data collection for the research was conducted through documentary methods (library resources and scientific journals) and fieldwork (utilizing questionnaire tools). The research population in this study includes 25 experts, specialists, and urban opinion leaders, including city managers (mayors of districts, deputies, officials of organizations, and urban area managers), members of the City Islamic Council, urban planning experts, and the officials of the Khorasan Razavi Road and Urban Development Department, particularly professors from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad branch, non-profit higher education institutions located in Mashhad, and other urban domain specialists. To identify the key factors, structured interviews with some of the urban planning and information technology experts were conducted using the Delphi method. Subsequently, after consolidating the factors obtained from the interviews and reviewed documents in the research background, the validity and reliability of the variables were confirmed by experts, and ultimately, the factors were evaluated in the form of a future-oriented questionnaire.

By utilizing field and library studies, the most influential factors affecting the role of artificial intelligence in citizens’ quality of life were identified. Subsequently, using a quantitative future-oriented approach and the Micmac software, the significance and impact of the identified factors were measured. The research findings indicate that among the 24 influential factors in improving citizens’ quality of life with the use of artificial intelligence, after extracting the influential key factors (direct and indirect), six key drivers: governmental policy making in the field of information technology and artificial intelligence, coordination and collaboration between governmental, non-governmental, and urban management sectors towards the optimal utilization of AI technology, management of smart energy networks’ development (for example, electricity) in cities through the use of artificial intelligence, organizing the state of international communications and limitations as a prerequisite for artificial intelligence, cost-effectiveness and affordability of utilizing artificial intelligence for citizens, and the role of artificial intelligence in promoting good urban governance have had the most significant impact on improving citizens’ quality of life with the use of artificial intelligence in the city of Mashhad.

In summary, it can be stated that governmental policymaking and urban management can promote technological development by supporting and providing financial incentives to technology companies. Implementing appropriate policies can help in improving urban services, optimizing resources, reducing costs, and enhancing efficiency, ultimately contributing to the realization of smart cities. Transparency can further bolster citizens’ trust in the government and urban administrators. This sector, while safeguarding citizens’ rights, can also be effective in achieving sustainable development goals. Additionally, coordination and collaboration among governmental, non-governmental, and urban management sectors in utilizing artificial intelligence can have significant positive effects on the efficacy and efficiency of this technology in cities, enabling data sharing, innovative solutions, and more. Organizing the state of international communications can facilitate the exchange of experiences and knowledge, standards and laws development, data and resource exchange, and international collaboration. The cost-effectiveness and affordability of artificial intelligence facilities in cities and organizations can lead to increased technology access, cost reduction, improved efficiency, and accelerated innovation processes, thereby fostering a competitive technological environment. This can contribute to the development of advanced technologies, increase competitive capabilities, and attract investment. Artificial intelligence can play a crucial role in good urban governance, influencing smart decision-making in a large city, and facilitating automatic and precise activities such as traffic management, waste management, pollution control, and urban security monitoring. Moreover, in terms of citizen communications, it can enable citizens to easily communicate with urban organizations, express complaints, suggestions, and improve urban services. In the realm of governance, artificial intelligence’s role in monitoring and preventing crises, prediction, and appropriate planning for dealing with them can be effective.

Rural development is mainly focused on poverty alleviation, better livelihood opportunities, provision of basic amenities and infrastructure facilities through innovative self-employment programs. A smart village provides long-term social, economic, welfare, and environmental activities for the village community, which enables widespread participation in local governance processes and promotes entrepreneurship. It can also improve health and well-being and strengthen the interactions of village residents. Therefore, the current research aims to identify and analyze the factors affecting the formation of the smart village approach in Iran. 

 The required information was collected in a documentary-library way. The data was analyzed using expert judgment, the field survey method (observation and questionnaire), the network analysis process model (ANP), and DEMATEL. 

 The research results show that among the factors related to the formation of the smart village approach, the ten components of the smart village include smart education, smart connection, smart economy, smart energy, smart health, smart environment, smart governance, smart infrastructure and mobility, smart agriculture, and smart tourism in this research have been identified. According to the opinion of the respondents, smart education, with 7.26%, ranked first, and smart connection component, with 4.20%, ranked second. 

Therefore, in order to achieve all-around development in connection with the smart village, effective attention must be paid to education and connection because they have the most influence in the formation of the smart village.

Innovation:

 For the first time in Iran, the components of the formation of the smart village approach based on its native capacities have been examined, which can open the way for further research in this field.

Smart cities are developed and built as interconnected urban domains where embedded elements can interact with each other and with the users residing in them. In building smart cities, Internet of Things has the potential to collect information about the urban environment, provide new services to citizens, facilitate their daily life and increase the ability to live in the city. In the current research, with the participation of managers, officials and academic experts, the key drivers affecting the smart city based on the Internet of Things have been identified and finally, the scenarios effective on the formation of the smart city based on the Internet of Things have been compiled. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The method of collecting data and information was library, document and survey (interview). The review of scientific sources identified 26 factors affecting the smart city based on the Internet of Things, which were categorized into 6 dimensions, and a total of 25 people, including managers of related organizations and academic experts, were interviewed. Data analysis was based on prospective research technique; Including structure analysis, analysis of mutual effects based on Micmac and Scenario Wizard software. The results showed that there are 8 possible scenarios for the establishment of a smart city based on the Internet of Things, of which 1 scenario is in a strong and stable compatibility mode (zero incompatibility) and 7 scenarios are in a weak compatibility mode. The first scenario, which is a scenario with a positive direction, has an interaction effect score of 123 and a compatibility value of 2, while the second scenario, which seems to be unfavorable conditions for the future of the smart city based on the Internet of Things in Mashhad metropolis, has a total interaction effect score of -20 and the compatibility value is -1. The third scenario also has a compatibility value of -1 and with a total interaction effect score of 27, it can be one of the possible scenarios for the future of the smart city based on the Internet of Things in Mashhad metropolis.

Commercial tourism is also considered a part of the tourism industry that can play an effective role in the development rural border areas by principled, appropriate planning and identification of its advantages and limitations.Research goal: the present study in the framework of strategic planning, while recognizing the internal and external factors affecting formation and development of business tourism, provides appropriate strategies in the field of sustainable rural development under the influence of trade tourism indicators.

The research method is descriptive-analytical. In order to advance objectives of research, 16strengths, 9weaknesses, 16opportunities and 8threats to business tourism were identified through analysis of government policies, interviews with business activists and number of local elites. In this study, SWOT and QSPM strategic planning tools were used.

In the SWOT matrix, according to the final score in IFE (3.33) and in EFE (3.58), the aggressive strategy of SO as suitable strategy to achieve the development of commercial tourism in the Dehshikh-Sigar commercial area at the horizon of 1410 means achieving the scenario Golden determined. Then, the best strategies were identified with the help of Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), prioritization and the most important strategy "Access to additional facilities and purchasing facilities due to the proximity of study area to the sea and commercial markets in the southern Persian Gulf countries", with a score (4.084).

Rural indigenous entrepreneurship is one of the youngest research areas to show that in Iran, one of the largest countries in Asia and has rich cultural heritage and indigenous communities, the issue of native rural entrepreneurship has not been addressed so far. Therefore, the present article, as an analytical assessment and with a variety of approaches based on richness and conceptual diversity in the fields of social sciences, economic, planning and rural development, uses a systematic approach, while introducing entrepreneurship while introducing entrepreneurship. Rural native to introduce native rural entrepreneurship to the context of future research in the country. This article contributes to a comprehensive understanding of native entrepreneurship research by analyzing literature and research lines. In this regard, the present article, which is intended for the purpose and information provided by the documentary method, sought to answer the questions about what elements of the difference between native rural entrepreneurship and classical entrepreneurship? What are the unique goals and characteristics of rural native entrepreneurship? And what are the (model) pattern for the development of native rural entrepreneurship in Iran? The results of the study indicate that indigenous entrepreneurship is different from classical/ Western entrepreneurship, and emphasizes elements such as the use of indigenous resources, indigenous cultural values, collective interest, family relationships and family/ family ties. The results showed that rural native entrepreneurship is not necessarily in response to market needs and is mostly aimed at providing family livelihoods, environmental protection, cultural and spiritual value. Unlike Western-style entrepreneurship, rural native entrepreneurship shows elements of equality-equality, collective/kinship activity, and emphasis on available cultural values ​​and natural resources. Rural indigenous entrepreneurship is often carried out with intra -household livelihoods and mostly with non -economic goals such as preserving livelihoods, preserving indigenous culture, protecting the environment and spiritual goals.

Dehiari is a public and non-governmental institution that is responsible for the rural management of the country and has duties in three social, economic and environmental-physical aspects, among its environmental-physical duties is issuing permits for buildings and cooperating with the Housing Foundation in order to prepare the Hadi plan.In this regard, village assistance institutions have been formed in many areas and have played a very effective role in facilitating the services of village assistants. One of the most important goals of the research is to evaluate the performance of the villagers and their role in improving the physical and environmental condition of the village. The research method in this research is applied in terms of its purpose and it is classified as descriptive-analytical and survey based on its nature. Documentary and field methods were used to collect information, and according to the sample size of the statistical population (997 households), the sample size of the questioned households based on the Cochran formula was equal to 130 households. The findings of the research show that there is a strong relationship between the performance of villagers and satisfaction with the quality of the physical environment with a statistic of 0.718 and a significance level of less than 0.05, and based on the results of the progressive stepwise regression test, the performance of villagers is 62.2%. It has explained the changes in satisfaction with the physical environment in the studied villages and among the components of villagers' performance, the creation of cultural-sports-tourism places and spaces with a beta coefficient of 0.70 in the first step and 0.43 in the fourth step has the greatest effect on satisfaction. has had villagers.

The concept of a smart city involves utilizing information and communication technology to improve the livability and sustainability of urban areas and unique locations, thereby promoting innovation and entrepreneurship. The extensive use of digital sensors and control systems for managing urban infrastructure has led to the development of various applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) playing a crucial role in enabling new services and enhancing interaction levels. As this technology continues to progress, it holds the potential to transform every aspect of human life. This research aimed to conduct a spatial analysis of smart city indicators, particularly those related to the IoT across 13 regions of Mashhad metropolis. This study took an applied approach with a descriptive-analytical nature by utilizing both documentary (library) and field (questionnaire) data collection methods. The sample consisted of residents from 13 regions within Mashhad metropolis with a sample size of 171 questionnaires determined based on the 2016 population of 3,062,242. The questionnaires were distributed proportionately across each region. The data analysis was conducted by using SPSS software and decision-making methods, such as MEREC and COCOSO. Furthermore, the structural equation modeling approach (Smart PLS) was employed for a comprehensive analysis. The research findings indicated that Regions 9, 1, and 4 showed the highest levels of smart city indicators based on IoT in Mashhad, while Regions 3, 12, and 10 exhibited the lowest levels. According to the results of the PLS structural equation modeling test, the variable of smart governance showed the highest overall impact coefficient (1.523) on the IoT-based smart city followed by smart economy (1.256), smart citizen (0.895), smart environment (0.687), smart mobility (0.622), and smart living (0.160).

A smart city is a sophisticated ecosystem that leverages advanced information and communication technologies to enhance the appeal and sustainability of urban areas and distinctive locations, fostering innovation and entrepreneurship. The widespread adoption of digital sensors and control systems for managing urban infrastructure has facilitated various applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) emerging as a solution for delivering new services and enhancing interactive experiences. In recent years, the concept of smart cities has gained traction in Iran with cities, such as Urmia, Isfahan, Tehran, Mashhad, and Tabriz, being recognized as smart cities. Due to its rapid growth and development, as well as social, economic, and environmental changes in line with new needs, Mashhad City needs to provide services that are suitable and deserving for its residents, especially considering the significant number of domestic and foreign pilgrims, who visit the holy shrine of Imam Reza annually. Therefore, the indigenous capacities of the city alone are not sufficient for its development and the collaboration of various sectors, especially the communication and IT sectors, is necessary to elevate and progress it in new areas. Hence, this paper aimed to examine the distribution status of IoT-based smart city indicators in 13 districts of Mashhad municipality and answer the question of how the current status of IoT-based smart city indicators was in the mentioned districts. 

This research was applied in terms of its objective and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. The data collection method included both documentary (library) and field (questionnaire) researches. The sample consisted of residents from the 13 districts of Mashhad metropolis. Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size for each district, resulting in a total of 171 questionnaires based on a coefficient of 0.075 and population of 3,062,242 in 2016. The questionnaire was designed in a 5-point Likert scale format and distributed and completed across the districts of Mashhad. The questionnaire was validated based on the input from university professors and the necessary modifications were implemented. After collecting the questionnaires and assessing their reliability using the Cronbach's alpha method, the gathered data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Chi-square test, skewness and kurtosis tests, and one-sample t-test, within the SPSS software environment. Additionally, decision-making methods, such as MEREC and COCOSO, were utilized for data and information analysis. Finally, the Smart PLS software was employed to construct the structural equation model and determine the impact levels of the desired indicators on the IoT-based smart city. 

Upon confirming the normal distribution of the data through skewness and kurtosis tests, the results of the one-sample t-test indicated that all the indicators were significant. Among the IoT-based smart growth indicators, the first factor (smart mobility) exhibited the highest mean of 2.7154, while the component of smart citizen had the lowest score of 2.1287 compared to the other components. Following the weighting of the indicators by using the MEREC method and application of the COCOSO technique for ranking the districts, the results revealed that District 9 secured the 1st rank with a score of 3.412 and District 1 showed the 2nd rank with a score of 3.349 with the remaining districts following in subsequent ranks. Furthermore, the results of the structural equation modeling by using SMART PLS indicated that the variable of smart government exhibited the highest overall influence coefficient of 1.523 followed by smart economy (1.256), smart citizen (0.895), smart environment (0.687), smart mobility (0.622), and smart living (0.160), showcasing their influences in the IoT-based smart city. 

A smart city represents a comprehensive framework that assesses various facets of intelligent initiatives, empowering cities to leverage urban networks, bolster their economic prowess, and establish more efficient systems. This network relies on wireless networks, broadcasting networks, internet networks, telecommunication networks, and sensor networks with the Internet of Things (IoT) at its core. The research findings were consistent with the conclusions of other researchers, such as Mafi and Gholizadeh (2015), Amelifar et al. (2022), and Sudeep et al. (2018), highlighting the impact of IoT in urban settings, resulting in savings in time, cost, energy, materials, and human resources, and ultimately enhancing the quality of urban life. The high rankings of Regions 9 and 1 in Mashhad metropolis in terms of smart city indicators validated this assertion as evidenced by the high quality of urban life in these areas and the residents' preference to live there.

Nowadays, changes in food consumption patterns due to urbanization, increasing per capita consumption, economic growth and the move from local to global in the consumer markets necessitate ensuring food security for different countries, especially developing ones. This study investigates the impact of rural-urban linkages affected by spatial flows on food security. The present research method is quantitative and has been conducted by employing a descriptive-analytical method. The research population consisted of households in peri-urban villages of Dehdasht. Twenty one villages were randomly selected using Cochran's formula. 358 households were randomly selected from 3538 households using Cochran's formula. Correlation and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS to analyze the collected data. In addition, the structural equation model (SEM) of partial least squares regression (PLS) method was applied using SMART PLS 3. The results indicate that rural-urban linkages affected by spatial flows (independent variable) with a T value of 27.678 and a path coefficient of 0.745 have a positive effect on food security (dependent variable). Moreover, the results of multivariate linear regression showed that the social linkage and the economic linkage variable with the values 0.509 and 0.151 respectively had the greatest and the least impact on food security.

The role of Dehyar's as village managers in how rural construction and physical development is one of the most important issues that can be ignored, can cause irreparable damage to rural programs. With the amendment of the Law on Councils in 2003 and the addition of paragraph 10 to Article 69 of the Islamic Councils, the case for creating buildings, facilities and land segregation within the legal limits of the village was assigned to the district administration and issuing permits to the district. Therefore, paying attention to Dehyaries in the rural environment and their role in realizing rural physical goals has become very important, so in this research, it has been tried to play a role in creating rural development by spatial analysis of the factors affecting the supervision of Dehyar's on rural constructions. The research method is applied and the study method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the present study was the villages with 5th and 6th degree Dehyaries of Tuyserkan County, the number of which reached 16 villages. To assess the current situation, 220 questionnaires were completed by the villagers. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods and spatial analysis based on GIS and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. The findings of the research show that according to the value of the T statistic in all indicators equal to -13.480, it indicates that in the studied area, the supervision of villagers on rural constructions is not in a good condition. However, compliance with health principles and the licensing process are in a better condition than other indicators. So that according to the villagers, the health principles index with an average of 3.34 and the licensing process index with an average of 3.07 have the most importance, and the indicators of safety signs and warnings and cultural values with an average of 2.07 have the least importance. The analysis of structural equations also shows the high effect of social responsibility and compliance with environmental regulations and citizenship rights in the monitoring of villagers, and finally, the results of the spatial analysis of villages based on the amount of monitoring of constructions by villagers from the villagers' point of view also indicates that some villagers They have performed better than the studied villages.

Quality of life and its promotion is the most important approach in rural and urban planning. Several factors and can have an impact on the quality of life of villagers, one of them is livability and standard housing. Rural housing as a basic human need, with wide economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical dimensions, has a significant impact on the quality of life and sustainable rural development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between livability housing and quality of life of villagers in the village of Zirkooh. This study was done by the descriptive-analytic method. The sample size is 313 households that was selected by using the Cochran formula with a 5% error measurement. According to the results, the livability variable with a Pearson statistic of 0.616 with high quality of life has a strong direct correlation. Also, due to the significant level that is less than 0.05, the livability variable has a significant relationship with the quality of life and has the ability to be generalized to the whole society. The effect of livability variable on both objective and subjective dimensions was confirmed but according to the adjusted coefficient of determination for the mental dimension of quality of life is 0.307 and for the objective dimension is 0.328, which indicates that 30.7% of the subjective changes and 32.8% of the objective dimension changes in the dependent villages is livability housing. more effect of the livability housing variable on the objective dimension of quality of life.

With the increase in the population of cities, the term green space and the uses of urban green space have received more attention. Therefore, as the cities grow extensively, the need for green spaces is felt more and more daily, both for the direct use of citizens and in terms of refining the environment. The importance of green space in the urban environment is that it is considered one of the indicators of the development of societies, and it has benefits such as treatment of mental illnesses, a favorable environment for raising children, social integration, maintaining comfort, etc. In addition, these spaces are used for the general public to spend their free time, have fun, and socialize with friends and social and cultural gatherings. This research investigates the distribution of green spaces in Isfahan based on the approach to environmental justice.  

 The current research is applied and descriptive-analytical. The required information has been collected in a documentary-library way, and the data has been analyzed using expert judgment, the field survey method (observation and questionnaire), and the Analytical Network Process (ANP) model and DEMATEL.  

 The results show that among the factors related to the distribution of urban green space, among the four categories of social, economic, physical, and environmental factors, according to the respondents' opinion, physical factors weigh 54. 44% rank first, and social factors with a weight of 24.8% rank. Therefore, to achieve comprehensive development in green space, the city of Isfahan needs effective attention to social factors.

Innovation: 

The present research is one of the few types of research that have investigated the factors affecting the distribution of urban green spaces with the approach of environmental justice.

The "Smart Village" approach includes long-term social, economic, and environmental activities of the rural community that involve widespread participation in local governance processes, promoting entrepreneurship, preserving the rural environment and, ultimately, sustainable development of rural areas. Therefore, the development of scenarios that facilitate the realization of the smart village approach in the peri-urban settlements of the metropolis of Tehran should be emphasized.

This research is a descriptive-analytical study from the perspective of its objectives it is applied. Data and information were collected through library research, documentary studies, and survey methods (interviews). By reviewing scientific sources and conducting interviews with experts, 57 influencing factors of the smart village approach on the sustainability of peri-urban settlements were identified, categorized into 5 dimensions, and a total of 35 people, including managers of relevant organizations and university experts, were interviewed. The analysis of data was based on futures studies techniques, including structural analysis and mutual effects analysis (done using Micmac and Scenario Wizard software).

The research findings show that there are a very large number of possible scenarios for the impact of the smart village on the sustainability of peri-urban settlements in the metropolis of Tehran within the range of Islamshahr County. Among them, 14 scenarios have weak compatibility and only 1 scenario is in a state of strong and sustainable compatibility (zero incompatibility). The first scenario, which is a positive one, has a mutual effect score of 733 and a compatibility value of 13, while the second scenario, which indicates unfavorable conditions for the future impact of the smart village on sustainable development, has a mutual effect score of -144 and a compatibility value of 5. The third scenario also has a compatibility value of -2 and with a mutual effect score of 63, it can be one of the impactful scenarios for the smart village on the sustainability of peri-urban settlements in the metropolis of Tehran. At the end of the research, operational suggestions are presented to enhance the indices of a smart village to achieve sustainable development in the rural settlements of the studied area.

For the first time in Iran, scenarios have been developed on the impact of smart villages on the sustainability of peri-urban settlements, and from this perspective, it is innovative and among the first research in the field.

Rural indigenous entrepreneurship is one of the recent research areas to show that is incompatible with some of the main assumptions of classic (Western) entrepreneurship. In Iran- including in the southern province of Lorestan- which has a rich cultural heritage and indigenous people, so far the issue of native rural entrepreneurship and its advantages have not been addressed.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the benefits of native rural entrepreneurship.

The present study is applied in terms of the purpose. Based on the nature and method, it is a descriptive study. The methods of collecting the data were through using library sources and questionnaires. The Johanson test was used to examine the most important areas, advantages, and competitive opportunities for native rural entrepreneurship.

The results of field studies showed that according to the concept of indigenous entrepreneurship, 20 indigenous rural entrepreneurs were identified in Lorestan province, which were different from classical entrepreneurship. This type of entrepreneurship was created in connection with native culture, rural and local resources, and the native knowledge of the region. Investigating the benefits of native rural entrepreneurship led to the identification of 5 general categories: 1) the benefits of launching and implementing native rural entrepreneurship, 2) economic benefits, 3) cultural benefits, 4) social benefits, and 5) environmental benefits.

Commercial tourism and its impact on cities and villages manifests itself in various forms, and causes various economic changes in tourist areas.Research

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of commercial tourism indicators on the sustainability of rural settlements in ​​Dehshikh-Sigar business district, Lamerd County.

This study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. The population of study included all villagers living in 13 villages of Dehshikh-Sigar business district in Fars province. Using Cochran's formula with an error level of 0.06, 235 households were identified as sample households. SMART PLS, one-sample t-test and linear regression in SPSS were used to analyze the data.

Studied Areas:

 The geographical area of this research is Dehshikh-Sigar Business District in Lamard County.

The findings confirm that the commercial tourism indicator with the value of R (0.959) has the greatest impact on the sustainable development of the rural settlements in Dehsheikh-Sigar business district. Eventually, using the R2 coefficients, we found that the level of development in the study villages, with an emphasis on commercial tourism in the villages of Dolatabad, Hassan Kamkali, Firoozabad, Kakli with the values of R2 (0.992, 0.988, 0.986 and 0.983) has the greatest impact, and has a poor performance in the villages of Dehshikh and Sigar with a R2 coefficients of 0.865 and 0.925.

Commercial tourism has a positive and significant effect on the sustainable development of rural settlements, as according to standard coefficients, 32.5% of the sustainable development of rural settlements in the Dehshikh-Sigar business district is directly predicted by indicators of commercial tourism.

Natural hazards such as floods are one of the most damaging phenomena that require more attention. Villages exposed to flooding, such as Zoshk, should be more stable in order to minimize possible flood risks and damages. One of the pivotal strategies currently under consideration for mitigating flood damages is enhancing the resilience of communities, a focus that has been thoroughly assessed in this research. The research method is descriptive-analytical "survey" and the statistical population is 728 households living in Zoshk village. According to the number of 728 households in Zoshk villages, the sample size was estimated to be 102, using Cochran's formula, therefore the number of 102 questionnaires were prepared in the form of a 5-point Likert scale. questionnaires, the overall resilience of the Data analysis was carried out using Excel and SPSS software. To determine the level of normality of the data, skewness and kurtosis tests were used, and to answer the research hypothesis, one-sample t-test was used. The results of the research showed that the resilience of Zoshk village is average according to the opinion of the majority of the residents of the region and in between, the infrastructural, institutional and organizational dimensions, and economic, varies from the average and the amount of these dimensions are less than the average, means they are in an unfavorable situation. The dimension of social resilience is higher than the average and has a favorable condition.

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has an effect on development of Creative Villages as a new approach in using the existing rural capabilities and capacities to revive the rural areas. This study seeks to analyze the impact of RICT on the indicators of development of Creative Villages in suburban settlements in Mashhad County.

A descriptive-analytical research method was employed in this fundamental study, and documentary and survey methods have been used for collecting the data. The study population included households in 8 villages around Mashhad (N = 20813). These villages had a rural ICT office and a population of over 1,000 households. The sample was estimated using Cochran's formula; accordingly, 194 households were selected by systematic random sampling.

Spatial analysis of the main variables was performed using Combined Compromise Solution and fuzzy gray analysis. The result showed that the villages of Gorji Sofla, Hosseinabad Gharghi, Dostabad and Dehroud have the highest, and the villages of Kal Zarkash and Chahar Borj have the lowest level of use of RICT services and the indicator of the Creative Village. Using the partial least squares (PLS) technique, among the research indicators, "promoting and training" with the coefficient of 0.591 had the most direct effect on the dependent variable. Also, variable dimension of "awareness of RICT services", considering the direct and indirect effects, with a coefficient of 0.816, has had a greater impact on the indicators of development of Creative Villages in rural settlements. Given the value of R2 (0.998), we concluded that RICT has a high-level impact on the indicators of development of Creative Villages.

In the last two decades, the concept of social capital has been emphasized due to its relationship with basic social components including awareness, participation, trust, cohesion and social network for sustainable development of communities, especially rural communities. In addition to social capital We are also dealing with physical, economic, human, natural and institutional, which are also interrelated. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable rural development, having these development investments is essential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of development capital in the sustainable development of rural settlements and its spatial analysis in Bojnourd. The present research is descriptive-analytical and its type is fundamental in terms of purpose. Documentary and field methods have been used to collect information. The sample population is 22 villages with more than 20 households in Bojnourd city and from a total of 4849 households living in the sample rural areas, with Cochran's formula, the sample size of 298 households was calculated and these individuals were selected by random sampling method. To test the conceptual model of the research and to investigate the effect of development capital on the sustainable development of rural settlements, the partial least squares technique and Smart PLS software were used. According to the results, the coefficients of t between the main variables of the study are more than 2.58, ie the relationship is significant and indirect; Thus, types of development capital have a positive and significant effect on sustainable development of rural settlements and social capital with a coefficient of 0.443 has the most direct impact on sustainable rural development, but in general, economic capital with a coefficient of 0.918 has the highest and natural capital with a coefficient of -0/147 Has the least impact on the sustainable development of rural settlements. And the independent variable predicts 93.1% of the variance of the sustainable rural development variable.

Introduction :

The increase in population in urban centers requires the provision of sufficient services and infrastructure to meet the needs of city residents. Furthermore, this population density in highly populated cities poses challenges in terms of governance, economic growth, environmental sustainability, quality of life, transportation, electricity, water consumption, and other issues. Smart cities are typically created with advanced infrastructure and modern information and communication technologies, and the Internet of Things (IoT) provides intelligent solutions for future cities by connecting smart devices and utilizing big data analytics. This allows city management and residents to access a wealth of real-time information about the urban environment and make decisions, take actions, and plan for the future based on that information. Given its current and future population attraction and potential, the city of Mashhad requires synchronization with modern developments to optimize the use of resources and facilities and create the necessary foundations to meet future needs. Therefore, this research aims to identify the key factors and drivers for Mashhad City to achieve a smart city model based on the Internet of Things in the future. Accordingly, the research question of this study is: What are the key drivers influencing the formation of an IoT-based smart city in the city of Mashhad in the future (by 2033)?

In the present study, the research method was a mixed approach in terms of objective and application and a combination of descriptive-analytical and future-oriented approaches in explaining the structure. Accordingly, the most influential factors in the formation of an IoT-based smart city in Mashhad were examined. Data collection was carried out through documentary methods (library sources and scientific journals) and field methods (using a questionnaire tool). In this research, the statistical population consisted of 25 experts, professionals, and urban stakeholders available, including city managers (mayors of districts, deputies, heads of organizations, and managers of urban areas, especially the Municipality of Mashhad), members of the Islamic City Council (especially the Research Center of the Islamic City Council of Mashhad), urban experts in the Mashhad County Governorate and the Office of Urban Affairs and Provincial Councils of Khorasan Razavi, the General Directorate of Roads and Urban Development of Khorasan Razavi, professors at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Islamic Azad University (Mashhad Branch), Payame Noor University, and non-profit higher education institutions located in Mashhad, as well as specialists in the urban field. In this study, structured interviews were conducted with several stakeholders in urban planning and information technology using the Delphi method to identify key factors. Then, by synthesizing the factors obtained from the interviews and studying the documents in the research background, the validity and reliability of the variables were confirmed by experts. Ultimately, the factors were evaluated in the form of a future-oriented questionnaire.

Using field studies and library research, the most influential factors in the formation of an IoT-based smart city in Mashhad were identified. Then, using the quantitative method of future-oriented analysis and the Micmac software, the level of influence or susceptibility of the identified factors was determined. Therefore, the research findings indicate that among the 26 key factors influencing the formation of an IoT-based smart city, after examining the indicators and extracting the influential key factors (direct and indirect), 7 key drivers have had the greatest impact on the formation of an IoT-based smart city in Mashhad. These drivers include government policies in the field of information technology, improving the level of information literacy and scientific capabilities of citizens, investing in the development of communication and information technology infrastructure, creating a platform for citizen participation in urban development, raising awareness of the benefits and advantages of smart facilities through collective knowledge and culture-building, establishing and strengthening advanced infrastructure based on a smart city, and extensive use of information and communication technology (ICT).

In a summary of the research results, it can be mentioned that government policies in the field of information technology can have significant effects on the deployment of IoT-based smart cities in the short-term ten-year planning horizon. Furthermore, improving the level of information literacy and scientific capabilities of citizens can provide a suitable platform for this in Mashhad, as harnessing relevant knowledge and information is essential for the application of science and new trends in society. Additionally, investment in the development of communication and information technology infrastructure holds special importance. By allocating more capital to this area, the foundation for the formation of a more advanced and better smart city, considering IoT technology, will be established. It should be noted that the use of a new phenomenon requires awareness. Therefore, raising awareness among citizens and officials about the benefits and advantages of replacing conventional facilities with the utilization of collective knowledge and culture-building is crucial. Moreover, by creating and strengthening advanced infrastructure based on a smart city, progress can be made towards achieving the ultimate goals, ultimately leading to the realization of those goals through extensive use of information and communication technology.

In the current research, with the participation of managers, officials and academic experts, key drivers affecting the smart growth of rural settlements in Jiroft County have been identified and finally, scenarios effective on the formation of smart growth of rural settlements have been formulated. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The method of collecting data and information was in the form of library and documents and survey (interview). By examining scientific sources, 57 factors influencing the smart growth of rural settlements were identified, which were categorized into 4 dimensions; And a total of 30 people, including managers of related organizations and academic experts, were interviewed. Data analysis was based on prospective research techniques; including structure analysis, interaction analysis (Micmac and Scenario Wizard software). The results showed that there are 35 scenarios with weak compatibility and only one scenario is in a state of strong and stable compatibility (zero incompatibility). The first scenario, which is a scenario with a positive direction, has a total interaction score of 446 and a compatibility value of 5; While the second scenario, which is the unfavorable scenario, has a total interaction effect score of -93 and a compatibility value of -1. The third scenario (standing) also had a compatibility value of 3, and with a total score of 42 interactions, it can be one of the possible scenarios for the future of rural physical-spatial developments.

The use of digital technology has influenced the formation of the creative village as a new approach in using the existing capabilities and reviving the capacities of the village. The present study was conducted to analyze the impact of digital technology on the infrastructure of the creative village of suburban settlements in Mashhad. Research Method In the present study, descriptive-analytical and its type are fundamental in terms of purpose and documentary and field methods have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the present study includes 8 villages around the metropolis of Mashhad, which have a rural ICT office, a population of over 1000 households and are located near the city of Mashhad. According to the total number of households in the sample community (N 20813 households) and with 0.07% error in Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated equal to 194 households that were selected from the rural community by systematic random method. Spatial analysis of the main variables was performed using FGRA and MABAC models that the villages of Gorji Sofla, Hosseinabad Gharghi and Dehroud have the highest, and the villages of Kal Zarkesh and Chahar Borj have the lowest level of use of digital technology services (RICT) and creative village infrastructure. In order to investigate the effect of digital technology (RICT) on "creative rural infrastructure", while confirming the positive correlation and significance of these two variables with Pearson correlation test, the results of structural equation modeling with partial least squares technique (PLS) show that the dimension "Awareness of RICT services" considering the direct and indirect effects, with a coefficient of 0.755, had a greater impact on the infrastructure of the creative village in the sample settlements. In general, according to the value of the coefficient of determination (R2) for the variable of creative rural infrastructure (0.969), it was determined that the impact of rural digital technology (RICT) on creative rural infrastructure is strong.

Entrepreneurship can be a solution to the majority of challenges in rural areas and has a positive impact on various aspects of rural life. Therefore, attention to rural entrepreneurship with an understanding of the effective variables on entrepreneurial foundations in rural areas is of great importance. In this article, the effective variables on entrepreneurial foundations in the districts of Kashmar County were identified and examined. The nature of this research was applied, its method was descriptive-analytical, and its type was survey. SPSS software and Mamdani fuzzy model were used for data analysis. Based on the results of the one-sample t-test, physical and environmental capital variable ranked first with an average score of 4.24, income status variable ranked second with an average score of 4.17, and new company formation variable ranked third with an average score of 4.11. The results indicated that by forming new entrepreneurial companies and increasing rural physical infrastructure, one can set the scene for strengthening the foundations of entrepreneurship in rural areas. Furthermore, the districts studied were ranked based on the effective variables on entrepreneurial foundations using the Mamdani fuzzy model. After determining the membership function, normalizing the data, and identifying the spectrum of importance, the top five districts were Bala-velayat, Payin- velayat, Barkouh, Barroud, and Takab, respectively.

Cities have been competing with each other since its inception, with increasing urbanization and the complexity of the urban system. In an age that we call the age of knowledge and economics as a knowledge-based economy and global competition, we see intense competition between countries at the international level and cities at the national level. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to investigate the impact of competitiveness components on the promotion of urban knowledge-based economy in Kerman.The research method in this study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Most of the data are based on field studies and questionnaires from 30 experts in the field of urban planning in the region. Findings of the study based on the method of Analysis Hierarchi Procces(AHP) show that between the indicators related to economic factors and indicators related to social factors, the coefficient of economic factors including: "economic performance", "economic structure and capacity", "technology transformation" "Information gathering", "Economic transformation", "Space transformation" and "Marketing" with a rate of 59.5% have the greatest impact on social factors including: "human resources", "quality of life", "level of urban development", "performance "Government" and "Environmental Performance" account for 40.5% of the total final weight. And among the 11 economic and social components of competitiveness affecting the formation of urban knowledge-based economy, economic structure and capacity and economic performance with 12 and 10.5, respectively, the formation of knowledge-based economy have the highest impact factor. Therefore, in order to achieve comprehensive development, the city of Kerman needs effective attention to economic factors, because the most effective drivers of social factors are the most effective drivers in the formation and promotion of knowledge-based economy in the city of Kerman.

Socio-economic and political changes at the national and global levels in recent decades have paved the way for the change in the nature of these relations and the establishment of new relations. Among them are the flow of people, typology, production and the flow of capital. Today, the study of these currents and the analysis of their effects have been considered by researchers. One of the influential aspects of urban-rural relations is the diversity of economic activities of rural households. The purpose of this study is to model the effects of urban and rural relations on the diversity of economic activities of rural households. The type of research is applied and descriptive in nature. The data collection method was library and field (questionnaire and observation) and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, diagnostic analysis and logistic regression) were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study is households living in 21 suburban villages of Dehdasht with a population of 3538 households and using the Cochran's formula, 347 samples were selected and sampling was done randomly. For the operational definition of urban-rural relations, three dimensions of social, economic, physical and environmental, 43 indicators have been used and to study the diversity of economic activities, 17 indicators have been used. Findings show that the economic dimension based on the logistics model with a coefficient (0.687) urban and rural relations has the most impact and the physical dimension with a coefficient (0.201) has the least impact; Therefore, in the final conclusion, it can be said that in the study area, the indicators of the economic dimension of urban-rural relations are effective in creating diversity of economic activities of rural households.