amir kazemi

The purpose of the present research is the effect of the effective factors on the optimal policy of cultural organizations based on the interviews of experts of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism. The research method is qualitative. According to the data theory method of the foundation, the statistical population included all academic experts and academic staff members and middle managers of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism in the country. The statistical sample size of 15 people was selected in a purposeful and theoretical (judgmental) way. The research data collection tool was the use of semi-structured questions with the Delphi method with faculty members and middle managers of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism. The results showed that in a qualitative research, the effective factors on the optimal policy of cultural organizations were identified based on categories in the form of 6 categories and 25 items (measures), and the effective factors were causal factors (6 items), main and central phenomena (5 items), strategies (4 items), contextual conditions (4 items), intervening or mediating conditions (4 items), and consequences (2 items) were obtained.

Rural tourism, with careful planning, can enhance the quality of life and create economic, social, and cultural benefits. The aim of this research was to present a sustainable rural tourism model with a focus on social capital. The research was applied in terms of its goal and qualitative in terms of methodology, based on the foundation data theory. The research was framed using a cognitive approach, utilizing various data collection methods such as library research, examination of specialized sources and texts, as well as semi-structured interviews. Fourteen elites, experts, and managers in tourism and rural area management were interviewed in 2023. The conducted interviews were coded using Atlas .t i software.

This research was conducted in order to investigate the role of organizational change forces in strengthening strategic entrepreneurship of small and medium enterprises in Fars province. In this research, research variables were evaluated by questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed among 383 people sampled from the statistical population, which is all managers and experts of small and medium companies in Fars province. The descriptive research method was correlation type. In order to answer the questions and check the hypotheses of the research, Smart-PLS software was used to check structural equations and path analysis by Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The results of this research indicate that transformational leadership has a direct and significant effect on strategic entrepreneurship, both directly and indirectly, through the mediating role of commitment to organizational change and the moderating role of adaptive culture. From the point of view of resource-based theories, the vital role of transformational leadership, commitment to organizational change and adaptive culture in creating strategic entrepreneurship represents the diverse assets and capabilities of a business that can maintain the company's competitive advantage and performance. Organizational leaders must strategically manage these resources to foster opportunistic and advantage-seeking behaviors that lead to organizational flourishing.

Wheat flour is one of the most important and strategic food resources especially in developing countries. The addition of Sodium hydrosulfite to flour for improving some appearance features can have dangerous impacts on the consumer health. Therefore, detection of this harmful substance is great practical significance. In the present study, the potential of Fourier transform-mid infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy in 400-4000 cm-1 for the fast detection of Sodium hydrosulfite powder in wheat flour was investigated. After getting the spectral data from samples, firstly some preprocessing methods were used to correct harmful and unwanted effects on spectral data, and then Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as unsupervised and Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models as supervised classification models and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) as regression model were applied to detect and quantify the adulteration in pure flour samples. The best outcomes were the accuracy of 86.66 and 86.70 for SVM and ANN models with S-G + D2 + SNV preprocessing, respectively and R2p = 0.99 For PLSR model.

One of the most complex decision-making problems of medical managers is evaluating the performance of hospitals. The problem starts from the fact that only the quantity is the basis of the decision. Designing a mathematical solution for the evaluation of qualitative components by choosing medical professional ethics, solves the evaluation gap in the therapeutic environment with qualitative components, which we have discussed in this research.

By combining 4 models of DEA, DEA and BSC simultaneously and the evaluation laboratory and decision test, efforts have been made to reach a standard model in a period of 8 months. The quantitative population is all the doctors of 37 private and public hospitals in Shiraz City, 378 people were selected as a sample.

The findings showed that the mean professional ethics in the education and growth sector was equal to 84.73%, in the internal processes sector it was equal to 92.09%, in the financial sector it was equal to 95.81% and finally in the service recipient sector it was equal to 100%. Also, hospitals 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36 and 37 are efficient and others are ineffective.

In the evaluation, no significant difference was observed between public and private hospitals in respect of professional ethics. Also, the designed model showed that hospitals that are efficient will ultimately lead to an increase in the overall efficiency of the organizational system and better service to patients.

The present study aimed to provide a model of organizational culture types affecting the perceived organizational performance according to the role of organizational learning has been done. The statistical population of this study includes the employees of the Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Agricultural Jihad Organization. The present study is practical in terms of nature and purpose, in identifying the types of organizational culture of qualitative research, and in identifying the relationships between variables in terms of research method. The statistical population in the fuzzy Delphi method was 15 experts who were sampled by a purposeful judgmental method. At the structural equation modeling, 220 employees were sampled by a simple random method. In order to collect the data, questionnaires were designed in the form of a fuzzy Delphi method and the Likert spectrum. The software used in this study is Smart PLS (version 3), SPSS (version 25), and Excel (version 2016). With the fuzzy Delphi method, between 23 dimensions identified from the literature, 14 were approved by experts. The results of the PLS method indicate that all hypotheses except the effect of the adhocracy culture, development culture, and employees supporting change according to the role of organizational learning on perceived organizational performance were confirmed. The results showed that the leadership component has the highest effect on organizational learning according to the role of organizational learning with a beta of %0.594.

The research aims to identify the effective factors on sustainable rural tourism with the approach of social capital education. In the first step, the most important rural tourism criteria have been identified based on social capital education. Theoretical foundations and research literature on rural tourism and social capital has been studied. Also, the professors and experts' views are used to validate and ensure the correctness of the selected indicators. The sample population was 10 managers of cultural heritage and tourism organization. FANP fuzzy network analysis method was used to ensure the correctness of the identified indicators and screening and statistics of the final indicators and including risk factors. The main criteria are: rural tourism capabilities, rural tourism strategies based on education, government macro-plans and policies, social capital education solutions, and improving the performance of rural tourism. Based on the obtained results, the new circle of global development in the current era is witnessing wide competition based on innovation to obtain scarce and limited resources, which guarantees the path of long-term and sustainable development of the society. There are different types of innovations, including technological, economic, commercial, etc., which are effective in meeting the needs and creating human welfare based on the components of social capital education.

The present research has investigated the mediating role of work participation in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Shiraz Municipality. This research is descriptive-correlation in nature. The studied population was the employees working in the central municipality of Shiraz in the period of 6 months of the second year of 1401. The data collection tool is a standard questionnaire that was randomly distributed among the employees of this collection and finally, 125 valid questionnaires were used to check the hypotheses of the research. The results of the data obtained from these questionnaires have been analyzed by Smart PLS software using the structural equation test. The results indicate that work participation plays a mediating role in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior.

The grounded theory and structural analysis were employed in this study to propose an optimal policy model for cultural organizations at Iran’s Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism in the dimensions of flexibility, ethical appropriateness, and organizational benefit. This is a fundamental study with exploratory research designs. The statistical population of the qualitative section includes all faculty members, professors, and managers, whereas that of the quantitative section includes all the second-rate managers and employees of Iran’s Ministry of Cultural Heritage Data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires. According to the research findings, the optimal policy model for cultural organizations had a positive effect on flexibility. also had a positive effect on ethical appropriateness, through the grounded theory and structural analysis at the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism. Finally, it had a positive effect on organizational benefit through the grounded theory and structural analysis at the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism.

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the development of human resources in the general departments of sports and youth (with an Islamic-Iranian approach to progress). To achieve this goal, first the effective factors and indicators affecting human resource development are identified and then these factors and indicators are evaluated and screened. Library method and documentary studies were used to collect theoretical foundations of information regarding the explanation of the literature of the research subject. Due to the fact that the purpose of this research is a heuristic combination of consecutive type and model tooling, model design and compilation based on the criteria designed by the model, in the qualitative part based on content analysis technique, has been used. Accordingly, in this study, the views of 11 experts, university professors, managers and deputies of the General Departments of Sports and Youth were used as interview tools. In order to identify the factors affecting the development of human resources with the Islamic-Iranian approach to progress, the content analysis technique in Maxqda software has been used. In the initial coding, 96 codes were identified. 23 central categories and 9 main codes were introduced. The main codes are: employment, specialization, organization, organizational relationship management, hope and motivation, performance promotion, competitive advantage, productivity capabilities and psychological characteristics. To determine the validity (verifiability) of the findings, three techniques of data collection from multiple sources, negative case analysis and flexibility of the method were used. Data sources are diverse and synchronization is used. In analyzing the negative cases of the interviews, the researcher has solved the contradictory interpretations in the data. Also, the interview schedule has been re-evaluated many times and its content and processes have been reviewed and the interpretations, suggestions and findings have been completely flexible.Keywords: Human Resources Development, General Departments of Sports and Youth, Islamic-Iranian approach to progress

In this research, two types of composite coatings based on epoxy paint reinforced by TiO2 nano and micro particles and TiO2 particles hydrophobicized by polysiloxane were prepared separately with concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% by weight to improve the properties of epoxy paint. and in order to investigate their behavior, they were applied on API 5L X52 steel and then their properties were investigated by conducting corrosion and wear tests. The thickness of the coatings was checked by a digital thickness gauge. The corrosion resistance behavior of the coatings was evaluated using the polarization method in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results of the corrosion test showed that by adding and increasing the concentration of reinforcing particles in the coatings, the corrosion resistance was improved, and also the composite coating of epoxy paint with 5% by weight of the hydrophobic TiO2 reinforcement showed better corrosion resistance than other samples. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with EDX was used to examine the morphological properties of the surface. In order to check the dispersion of micro particles in the field of coating, Map analysis was taken from the samples. The results obtained from Map analysis have shown the appropriate and uniform distribution of hydrophobic particles in the field of epoxy coating. The wear resistance of the coatings was performed by the bullet test machine on the disc. The results of the abrasion test showed that by adding and increasing the concentration of reinforcing particles in the coating, the abrasion resistance of the coating increased, but by comparing the epoxy composite samples, it was found that the hydrophobicity of the reinforcing particles had no effect on the abrasion resistance.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to many visits of patients to medical centers which has subsequently affected the performance evaluation of hospitals. One of the important non-financial performance measures is medical professional ethics. This study aims to evaluate the performance and rank the hospitals in Shiraz, Iran based on medical professional ethics affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Based on the balanced scorecard (BCS) method, the indicators were divided into four perspectives. Then, using the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method, the causality between the four BSC perspectives as well as the relative weights between the evaluation indicators were determined. The fuzzy data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was used to rank the performance of 37 hospitals. The DEA model ranked the decision-making units (DMUs) based on efficiency.

The DMUs (hospitals) 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36 and 37 were efficient, while others were inefficient. 

The efficiency of hospitals in Shiraz is lower in learning and growth perspective than in other perspectives, and all hospitals are efficient in terms of customer perspective. This indicates that hospital managers pay less attention to learning and growth and more attention to the customer (patients) perspective during the COVID-19 pandemic.

One of the most complex decision-making problems for managers is evaluatingthe performance of hospitals using various criteria. To do this, we first divided the indicators into four categories using the BalancedScorecard (BCS) and then analyze the indicators using the Data Envelopment Analysis(FDEA) method. First, all the relationships between the four perspectives were obtainedusing the DEMATEL method and this network structure was used to create the DEA networkmodel. Satisfactory performance evaluation indicators have been selected by reviewing theliterature and opinions of hospital managers and physicians with real practical experiencesin medical professional ethics. Then, the causality between the four BSC perspectives as wellas the relative weights between the evaluation indicators were determined using test anddecision evaluation (DEMATEL), respectively. The average efficiency of medical professional ethics based on the results ofgrowth and training stage was 84.73% , internal process stage 92.09%, capital stage 100%,and financial stage 95.81%, based on the designed model of an input and output. The stepswere obtained. The results were below the overall performance evaluation of the hospitals.General performance of hospitals (DMU) No. 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28,29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, and 37 were obtained 100%, and 2 hospitals were 92.9% efficient, 4hospitals 91.5%, 6 hospitals 58.4%, 7 hospitals 67.1%, 9 hospitals 95.1%, 10 hospitals 98.4%,11 hospitals 98.4%, 13 hospitals 92.6%, 14 hospitals 85.1%, 15 hospitals 88.8%, 16 hospitals94%, 18 hospitals 87.2%, 19 hospitals 86.3%, and 20 of them were 98/6% efficient. This study used the non-financial approach of medical ethics to evaluate theperformance of hospitals; it can be said that the method and type of perspective used arecompletely new.

Crime detection is the first stage of a fair trial, about which several legal and ethical requirements have been raised and similar approaches in this field can be seen in human rights documents, standards and procedures. Considering the constructive role of ethical principles in the development and improvement of the fair trial process, including in the stage of crime detection, the present study investigates the ethical requirements of crime detection from the perspective of human rights documents, standards and procedures.

The present research is theoretical and the method used in it is descriptive-analytical. Information collection has also been done in a library way by referring to books, articles, documents and websites.

 In writing this article, ethical principles including fidelity, honesty and originality of the text have been observed.  

Crime detection in the judicial process, in addition to observing legal principles and rules, requires compliance with moral principles and requirements, including the prohibition of torture, the principle of acquittal and innocence of the accused, as well as the prohibition of interference in personal life. The moral obligation of prohibiting torture is the negation of any physical harassment in open and hidden dimensions which is so in conflict with fundamental human rights by using psychological methods. The principle of acquittal is a right and even a privilege for the accused, which, in addition to finding people innocent before presenting the reasons, requires the claimant to prove the reasons. The principle of prohibition of interference in private life also emphasizes the right to live freely without the illegitimate interference of individuals and public and private entities.  

Ethical requirements are the means of developing legal principles and implementing international, regional and national human rights declarations and recommendations. Meanwhile, the three principles of the prohibition of torture, the principle of innocence, as well as the prohibition of interference in the private lives of individuals, are stable and common principles in human rights documents, which, of course, need to be developed in tandem with technological and communication developments which may violate human rights in various ways during the crime detection stage. Dealing with cases of violation of the accused's rights at the stage of crime detection from a moral point of view requires serious determination and binding of human rights declarations at the global, regional and national levels.

present study was designed and conducted with the aim of development of teachers' leisure time with an emphasis on physical activity Application of grounded theory method). The method of the present study was qualitative. The statistical population of the study included experts aware of the subject. The data collection tool in the present study was interview. According to the results of the study, it was found that the causal conditions in the present model include individual needs and organizational needs. The results also showed that the underlying factors for the development of teachers' leisure time with emphasis on physical activity include infrastructure, organizational support, motivation and social issues. The results showed that the intervention factors include promotional conditions, organizational issues and individual issues. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the strategies include holding recreational sports competitions, assessing the needs of sports leisure activities, creating training courses, evaluating educational activities, creating various recreational sports accordingly, creating incentive plans and offering discounts, preparing brochures, Booklets and scientific materials, inter-organizational coordination and evaluation of sports infrastructure. The results of the present study also showed that the consequences of teachers' leisure development with emphasis on physical activity include personal and professional consequences.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of creating a retail store network with a franchising approach. In this research, using the library method, the effective factors in the pricing strategy have been identified. 35 factors were identified and confirmed in fuzzy Delphi technique. Finally, 8 criteria and 35 sub-criteria were evaluated and prioritized in network analysis and fuzzy dimethyl techniques. In this study, a pair of questionnaires were used. The statistical population of the present study includes all experts and managers. A community is used in the Delphi and ANP stages. According to the research method, snowball sampling method has been used. The number of sample members was 10. In the first stage, in three Delphi rounds, 35 criteria were approved. Identified factors include: scoring characteristics, service quality, contract terms, scoring characteristics, communications management, legal and regulatory factors, technology and communications, and environmental characteristics. Based on the results, legal factors and regulations were among the highest criteria among the main criteria.

Achieving the right human status in schools is one of the highest goals of the education system. The school environment must always have the necessary dynamism to achieve its goals, and this has always been a concern. The aim of this study was to Development of physical education teachers' leisure time based on the approach of improving human resources in school environments. The present study was of the mixed type. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative section included experts familiar with the subject of research. Also, the statistical population in the quantitative research section included the country's physical education teachers. The research tools included semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire designed according to the objectives and method of the research. The entire process of analyzing the present research data was performed in SPSS and AMOS software. The results of the present study showed that the component of individual improvement, moral improvement, social and cultural improvement, organizational improvement, professional improvement and educational improvement were identified as effective factors as leisure development components. Finally, using the structural modeling method, the conceptual model of the research was drawn. The results showed that after calculating the corresponding T value of each factor, it was determined that all the developmental leisure frameworks of physical education teachers have a significant effect.

One of the causes of disruption in human societies is crime, which has always endangered the life-economic-political-cultural security of human beings and society and governments. Communities' response to this phenomenon is primarily through the use of coercive legal methods and tools, resorting to criminal institutions.

This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

Incorrect methods to deal with crime are also common among criminal agents such as judges and law enforcement agencies. These incorrect methods contradict the two issues of public order and individual rights. However, sometimes an expedient and even benevolent view persuades the criminal agent to resort to incorrect methods in order to solve the criminal problem or case.

In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

However, sometimes an expedient and even benevolent view persuades the criminal agent to resort to incorrect methods in order to solve the criminal problem or case.

According to growing needs of customers and the development of the retail industry in recent years and given that retail is one of the dynamic sectors of the economy, recognizing the drivers of increased productivity and success of the retail sector can be one of the important concepts in economy. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the success of retailers in Shiraz as a multicultural society and determine the priority of these factors by obtaining the views of various stakeholders, including: customers, employees and managers of retailers as well as academic experts. In this study, 10 of Ofogh Kourosh stores in Shiraz were randomly selected and evaluated as a case study and by determining the research model and determining the effective criteria in the success of retailers, first, with the opinion of academic experts, the weight of the importance of each of the responsible groups was determined. Then, using the PROMETHEE method, the criteria were prioritized, which among the various factors affecting the success of retailers, the factors of "price" and "quality" were the highest priority, and the factors of "services" and "brand image" were the lowest priority.

The purpose of this study is to examine the destination image on the intention of tourists to visit again with the role of marketing mediator. The research method is descriptive and correlational and the statistical population of this research includes visitors to the historical monument of Nasir Al-Molk Mosque in Shiraz. Based on Morgan table, 384 people were selected as the sample and non-random sampling method is available. Measurement tools in this study were standard questionnaires for measuring the destination image of Emami et al. (2014), intention to revisit light tourists and colleagues (2014) and Abbasi relational marketing (2003). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed through content and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis using Likert spectrum (five parts) and Smart Pls2 software. Data analysis indicates a positive and significant effect of the destination image on the intention of tourists to visit again through relationship marketing.

The Fahliyan Formation (Early Cretaceous) forms one of the main oil reservoir rocks in many oilfields in the Zagros specifically in the Dezful Embayment and Abadan Plain. For investigation of facies characteristics, depositional environment, diagenetic overprints and reservoir quality of this formation in one of the wells of an oilfield located in Abadan Plain province, the results of geological and petrophysical data including petrographic studies of thin sections, conventional core analysis and well logs were integrated. Facies analysis resulted in recognition of nine microfacies in the carbonate and two petrofacies in the siliciclastic-carbonate parts in the studied well. In addition, the carbonate microfacies were deposited in lagoon and shoal sub-environments, whereas petrofacies related to the siliciclastics dominated part falls within tidal flat environment. Based on evidences obtained in this study and comparison with the results from previous studies, it can be suggested that the Fahliyan Formation was deposited on shallow parts of a homoclinal carbonate ramp. Moreover, petrographic analysis demonstrates that diagenetic features have considerable both negative and positive effects on the reservoir characteristics and mainly regulate pore system characteristics. To identify flow units, a petrophysical method including stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot (SMLP) was applied. The results indicate that this method successfully classified the studied reservoir into discrete flow units by considering the relationship between petrophysical properties and depositional and diagenetic features. Finally, Based on SMLP method, ten flow units including four reservoir units (two speed zone and two good to fair flow units), three baffle units, two barrier units and one baffle-fair flow unit were differentiated.

The concept of citizenship is one of the concepts and words that have a long history in the political and social history of human societies. This research has attempted to introduce a new method of citizenship education. The main purpose of this study is determining the relationship between urban advertising and citizenship rights.

  According to the main question of this study, participants of this study were 85 persons of scientific and executive managers in the field of advertising; Moreover purposeful sampling was used which include 8 university professors, 20 experts of propaganda issues in Business Research Center and Strategic Research Center, 18 publicity managers and 39 publicity experts. Given the limited population of the community, all members of the community were interviewed using census method.

The findings of the study confirm the hypotheses of this study, meaning that urban advertising has increased the awareness of citizenship rights in citizens who live in Tehran.

Urban advertising has increased the awareness of citizenship rights in citizens who live in Tehran.

Organizational culture is one of the important predictor of organizational effectiveness, and a key factor success of the organization as a competitive advantage. Todays, a continuous assessment of organizational culture status is considered essential; therefore, this study aimed to identify and measure organizational culture of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the headquarters of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in 2017. The study population consisted of all employees of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (N=2200), 327 personals were selected through Cochran formula and stratified sampling method. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed (Cronbach's alpha =86.5%). In order to data analysis SPSS24 using descriptive and inferential statistics tests were utilized. The mean score of total organizational culture was 3.30 ± 0.70 from 5 which was higher than the theoretical average. Also, there was also a significant difference in partnership dimension in terms of employment type and in participation dimensions, accountability to the upstream institutions as well as total organizational culture score in terms of deputy. There was a direct statistical association between dimensions of organizational culture. According to study results, strong organizational culture will lead to improved performance in the organization and alignment of individuals and activities. Given the importance of specific role of culture in each organization, plans success and change strategies, human resources managers should take appropriate actions to improve internal and external communication and increase teamwork and accountability.

Today, it is crucial that organizations pay special attention to their human resources in order to achieve maximum effectiveness, performance and efficiency. Employees’ attitude regarding their jobs, is what affects their performance and effectiveness at work more than any other factor. Due to the importance of employees’ attitude and perception in improving efficiency and achieving organizational goals, the aim of the current study is to investigate the correlation between job satisfaction, job motivation and organizational commitment among employees of Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education (MHTME).

This is a descriptive – analytical study which was carried out using cross-sectional approach in 2017. The statistical sample included 327 employees of MHTME which were selected using Stratified sampling and suitable sample size. Data gathering tools include Job Descriptive Index (JDI), Lodahl – Kushner Job Motivation Inventory and Organizational Commitment Inventory of Allen and Mayer. Data were then entered into SPSS-20 software and analyzed using independent T-Test, ANOVA, Person Correlation and Regression Tests.

Job satisfaction and motivation had a direct significant correlation with organizational commitment (P < 0.05). The results of regression analysis also indicated that organizational commitment can be proper predicted based on job satisfaction and motivation.

According to the results of this study, it is suggested that human resource managers use proper employee selection, timely incentives based on real performance evaluations, promote employees based on their abilities. Holding motivational seminars and creating appropriate job advancement opportunities increase satisfaction and motivation and therefore organizational commitment among their employees.