batool nehrir

Evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of virtual education is essential today.

This study examines the satisfaction of professors and students with the learning management system and the quality of virtual education in a military university.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted between 2021 and 2022. The sample included 44 professors and 167 students from the Faculty of Nursing, Medicine, and Pharmacy at a university. Data were collected using a demographic form and three standardized questionnaires that assessed satisfaction with the quality of virtual education, system interface, evaluation of professors' performance, and professors' opinions about virtual teaching. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22, employing correlation tests, one-way analysis of variance, independent t -tests, and multivariate analysis.

The students' average age was 21.23 ± 2.78 years, and 81.8% of them were male. The overall satisfaction of students with the learning management system (LMS) had an average score of 497.21 ± 109.68. The professors' performance, as perceived by the students, had an average score of 43.18 ± 9.98. The quality of online education was rated at 58.81 ± 12.51, with 68% of students reporting a moderate level of satisfaction. Among the professors, 29.5% expressed dissatisfaction with the LMS system interface, while 81.8% were moderately satisfied with the virtual education approach.

Given the significance of virtual education, it is imperative to devise solutions that enhance professor satisfaction, improve content quality, and optimize performance. These measures will contribute to the overall success and effectiveness of virtual education, benefiting both professors and students alike.

The basis of family-centered care is the participation of patients and their families in health decisions. Despite the advantages of family involvement in intensive care, this method is associated with many obstacles. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain the obstacles and suggested solutions for family participation in the ICU.

This qualitative study of contract content analysis was conducted in Tehran in 1402. The tools for collecting experiences were open questions and semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to identify the participants. The selection of samples was done by observing the principle of maximum diversity to achieve a diverse range of experiences. Sampling continued until information saturation, with no formation of classes and subclasses and new information. Qualitative data analysis was performed using the four stages of content analysis of Elo and Kyngäs (2008). Lincoln and Guba's four acceptability criteria were used to strengthen the results.

In this study, 15 participants, including four family members of patients, four nurses, and seven managers of the studied hospital with an average age of 49.53±12.09 years and an average years of service of 16.73±10.22 years participated. The results consisted of four classes: barriers related to the family, barriers related to the treatment team, barriers related to the physical structure of the department, and organizational barriers; 13 subclasses and 21 codes were formed.

Using solutions such as holding training workshops on communication skills with patients and families, anger control methods, and allocating funds to create favorable changes in the physical space of the ICU and providing nurses can help effectively implement this approach

 A complete adherence to treatment is essential for patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. This health behavior is the product of various overlapping variables that may change over time.

 This study aimed to investigate treatment adherence based on general health and demographic characteristics among hemodialysis patients.

 This was a descriptive-correlation research conducted based on structural equation modeling. The population included all patients with chronic kidney disease in Tehran, Iran, of whom 200 patients undergoing hemodialysis admitted to 2 medical centers from September to March 2022 were selected by convenience sampling. The data were collected using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD-AQ). The data were analyzed using correlation analysis and path analysis in SPSS v. 19 and SmartPLS v. 3.

 The results showed the direct and significant effect of general health (P = 0.001) and age (P = 0.017) on treatment adherence. However, sex, marital status, level of education, and duration of dialysis treatment had no significant effect on treatment adherence.

 Considering the power of general health and age in predicting treatment adherence, these two variables can be included in training, clinical, and psychological interventions.

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is as stressful as any other surgery for the patient. Anxiety, depression, and impaired sleep quality are amongst the most common disorders in these patients. Electrolyte imbalance is also one of the problems after open heart surgery. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the effect of magnesium supplementation on anxiety and depression and sleep quality in patients undergoing open heart surgery.

The present study was conducted using a systematic review method. Data was gathered by searching Persian and English articles with review and analytical inclusion criteria, compliance with the study title, samples receiving magnesium oral supplement and exclusion criteria, low relevance,duplication and overlapping of articles. By searching for the keywords cardiac surgery, anxiety and depression, sleep quality, magnesium and open heart surgery in reputable databases including Magiran, Google Scholar, SID, Iran Medex, PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, Scopus, the site of the Ministry of Health and dissertations reviewed in the period 2009-2019.

95 articles were found in the initial search using magnesium supplement, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, open heart surgery keywords. From this total, 62 articles were excluded due to lack of relevance and 21 articles were set aside due to duplicate strategy. Finally, 12 articles were reviewed,including 7 articles (58.3%) in published in English and 5 articles (41.7%) Persian.

Due to the effects of magnesium oral supplement in patients after heart surgery, it is recommended that this oral supplement be included in the treatment program of these patients in order to reduce anxiety, depression and improve sleep quality

Communication is an essential issue in performing care and treatment measures of nursing. There are extensive inter-professional communication colleagues in the nursing profession, patients and families, and other professions, which is necessary to do teamwork, and maintaining this relationship of nursing is essential. Being aware of the challenges of inter-professional communication can be achieved appropriate solutions.

This systematic review study was performed searching by keywords: "Nursing", "Interprofessional challenges", communication,, "communication Challenge", "Communication Barriers," in the reputable databases, Google Scholar, PubMed, ISI, magi ran and Scopus. The main criterion for entry was full-text printed articles in Persian and English between 2000 and 2020. The PRISMA checklist was applied to review and control the quality of the article.

Communication and collaboration of inter-professional and teamwork in nursing are associated with multiple challenges. Influential factors include diversity and difference in health literacy, culture, language, and resolution and clear of professional position and role. These challenges affect the quality and safety of care, nurses' satisfaction, and care costs and treatment costs.

Despite studies in this regard, there are several inter-professional challenges in nursing that, by examining and recognizing the challenges and developing appropriate communication strategies, will be provided high quality and safe care of patients and care staff satisfaction.

Hospital operating rooms during pandemics, new guidelines are needed to perform surgeries safely and effectively.

In this systematic meta-analysis study, articles published in the first half of 2020 were reviewed. In order to obtain related scientific documents, electronic search in Persian and English using the keywords Covid-19, operating room, surgery, epidemic in the databases of SID, Magiran, IranMedex, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Sciences and Google scholar and extracting 144 articles Based on the purpose and relevance of the study results, the remaining 10 studies were reviewed.

Based on the results of the studies, personnel training, patient transfer management, management of Covid-19 dedicated operating room, infection control measures, reduction of surgeries to emergency cases, establishing a team and comprehensive approach to the case are the most important key areas studied. They were in the operating room.

A review of previous studies suggests that a well-codified and accurate plan for performing non-delayed and emergency surgical procedures in Covid-19 positive patients is mandatory. Hospitals should develop their internal protocols and provide adequate staff training involved in surgery and care for patients with Covid-19.

As the nursing profession evolves, the professional responsibilities of nurses have increased and they need autonomy in their activities. Despite the pursuit of autonomy in nursing, the profession faces challenges.

This study aimed to investigate the challenges of achieving autonomy in nursing.

This study was a systematic review with a key words such as autonomy in nursing, challenge in nursing which was used library studies search the databases such as: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and two Iranian databases: SID and MagIran were investigated. Prisma checklists were used to check and control the quality of articles. All searches were done in 2005-2019.

After searching all international and domestic databases, 25 articles entered the final analysis. The most important challenges consist of: ambiguous definition of autonomy, the use of inappropriate measurement tools, the lack of a theory of nursing autonomy, inadequate student education, lack of teamwork, lack of manager support and inadequate managementstructure, hospital size and It impacts was about the structure of the organization and the extent and power of the nurses.

The solutions needed to address these challenges should be in place. Extensive research with valid tools, qualitative research to precisely define the concept of independence, modify students' curricula, encourage teamwork, and ultimately support managers, increases nursing independence.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often follows the experience of a tragic event. Therefore, self-care has a special place in the lives of patients to minimize the effects of this disorder. The implementation of self-care health interventions has an impact on the recovery process and health of these patients.

The aim of this study was to collect and evaluate the research conducted on self-care in patients with PTSD.

The present study aimed to review. Information was selected by searching Persian and English articles with review and analytical include criteria, reading title, combat-related PTSD samples and self-care for these patients and article exclude criteria, low relevance to the repetitive topic and overlapping articles. By searching for the keywords of self-care, care deficit, systematic review, and PTSD were examined at reputable databases including Google Scholar, Magiran SID, Iran Medex, PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, and Scopus the period from April 2004 to July 2019.

In this study, 103 articles were reviewed and then based on the include criteria and the articles that were most relevant to the subject under study. The remaining 18 articles, 6 of which were in Persian and 12 in English. As the results of different studies, the effect of self-care behaviors such as relaxation, deep breathing training, going to work, exercise and regular nutrition, going to the place where the accident occurred, and adequate rest on reducing PTSD symptoms have been reported.

Self-care training is effective in reducing PTSD symptoms and improving these patients, and due to the increase in accidents and subsequent post-traumatic stress disorder, it is recommended that self-care in this group of patients using special coping skills In the case of PTSD, the relevant symptoms and the balanced lifestyle should be taught and improved. In the care of these patients, it seems necessary to use a comprehensive self-care model. According to limited research on self-care of these patients, it is recommended that more relevant research be performed in the future.

The family is the most important element of a society that is responsible for providing proper and appropriate health care to the patient and those around the patient. Familycentered care includes family assessment, family participation in care, and information exchange between the treatment team and the family. The present study was conducted to review recent studies in the field of family-centered care approach .

In this review study, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and SID, and Magiran databases were used. The keywords used from 2000 to 2021 included family-centered approach, family-centered care, and family-based care. To select related articles, the article quality tool called Prisma Checklist was used. Repeated and unrelated cases were excluded from the study after the initial screening. Ethical standards were observed in all stages of the research and there was no bias or interference by the researchers during conducting the research.

Out of the 265 studies that were found after extensive searching and screening, 100 studies were reviewed and analyzed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for data extraction. According to the findings of these studies, the effects of the family-centered approach included increasing the quality of life, increasing the satisfaction of patients and families, improving the clinical results of infants, and reducing the stress and anxiety of patients and families.

By reviewing recent studies and considering that this approach is low-cost and available and has positive effects, therefore, this approach can be used as a scientific solution for greater participation of patients and their families in rehabilitation and medical centers in Iran.

Job burnout as an important subject and essential component of the nursing profession not only reduces the quality of life, but also has a negative impact on the quality of work-life of people. The purpose of this study was to carried out the spiritual coping strategies to deal with Job burnout in military Nurses.

This qualitative study was conducted through content analysis in the second half of 2015. In this study, twelve military nurses were selected through purposive sampling up to saturation data. Initially, they were asked to express their experiences about job burnout and then how to deal with it through semi-structured and deep individual interviews. After collecting the data, all interviews were recorded on paper and converted into text data and then coded with the special software analysis. Participants' contextual content data were analyzed through a conventional content analysis approach.

Data analysis resulted in the 243 primary codes in 9 sub-categories and three main categories. The main theme included religious beliefs, occupational values and pilgrimage-tourism programs that were extracted as strategies for coping with job burnout.

Religious beliefs and spirituality were considered as the most important adaptive factor that could be effective in nursing adjustment with the consequences of job burnout. So that nursing practices are targeted, easy to deals with work problems, and can also improve their quality of work life.

The specific characteristics of peoplechr('39')s work in the military force can affect the general health and quality of life of these people. The aim of this study was carried out to assess the quality of life and general health of the personnel of a military force and effective factors.

The present research is a descriptive cross-sectional study in 2017. Four hundred members of a military force were selected by simple random sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria from Bandar Abbas, Bushehr and Mahshahr cities. The data collection tools included a self-report questionnaire consisting of three as demographic characteristics, a 36-item (SF-36) and a GHQ-28 general health questionnaire. Finally, the data were entered into SPSS software version 16 and it examined with descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and also analytical statistics such as independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey test for multiple comparisons.

The results showed that Staffs quality of life scores were moderate. Also, the average of general health score had a normal condition without symptoms. On the quality of life subscales, pain and physical function had the highest and lowest mean, respectively. The lowest average score in subscale’s depression in general health. There was a statistically significant relation between the quality of life score and all demographic variables except military-grade (P<0.05). General health score had a significant relation with the majority of demographic variables, especially the Participant’s income level (P <0.05).

It seems that training and supportive measures are needed to maintain and improve the existing conditions. The military environment, due to its special circumstances, requires wise and more precise management to maintain the core assets, which are its manpower. Therefore, according to the demographic and social factors affecting the dependent variables of quality of life and general health of staffs should be supported by programs.

Nurses working in intensive cares unit are regularly "affected" by stressors in the workplace, professional self-concept is part of the care structure and affects the performance of the nurse and helps nurses in various roles to deal with Overcoming stressful working conditions to have better care of patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between professional self-concept and Occupational stress of nurses working in intensive care units in teaching hospitals in Tehran.

This study is a descriptive-correlational study. In 2020, it was performed on 126 nurses working in the intensive care unit in Tehran. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, the Nurse Self-Concept Questionnaire (NSCQ) and the standardized Job Stress Scale.

Results showed that the total mean score of professional self-concept in pediatric nurses was 216.56±35.92 and the total mean score of occupational stress in nurses Working in Intensive Care Units was 39.09±4.79.The highest score were respectively related to dimensions of care (39.42±6.28) and communication (39.06±5.89) and the mean scores in other dimensions were also moderate. Moreover, there was a negative linear correlation between occupational stress and professional self-concept.

According to the results of the present study, Occupational stress decreases with increasing the professional self-concept of nurses in intensive care units. Therefore, it requires the attention of as many officials as possible in this regard.

Professional responsibility-acquiring process among bachelor degree nursing students is important for their current and future performance and educational and health-care system, but this process has not been explored in the literature. The aim of the current study is to explore the process of acquiring professional responsibility among bachelor degree nursing students.

The study design was based on grounded theory (Corbin and Strauss 2015). Purposive and theoretical sampling led to the inclusion of 18 individual interviews and a focus group interview with bachelor degree nursing students, their instructors, and key informants in a nursing school and university, an educational hospital, and a health comprehensive service center in Tehran in 2019–2020.

After data analysis, 6 categories, 17 primary categories, 64 subcategories, and 1747 initial codes were extracted. Trying to optimal use of the educational period was the main category of this study and its primary categories were responsible learning and performance management strategies, there were facilitators and inhibitors categories for applying these strategies. Personal, educational, and professional context factors were primary categories that may lead to the main concern (uncertain productivity of the educational period) with regard to acquiring professional responsibility. Protection of the students and others versus irresponsibility was consequence category of this process.

Knowing the process of acquiring professional responsibility among bachelor degree nursing students can be used to facilitate the formation, promotion, and evaluation of professional responsible behaviors. Further researches in these areas are recommended.

One of the key issues for military hospitals is to evaluate the job satisfaction of nurses. The aim of this study was to compare the job satisfaction of nurses in two hospitals of the Armed Forces.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 290 nurses working in two hospitals of the Armed Forces in Tehran, Iran in 2018. Data were collected by demographic information questionnaire and Smith’s job satisfaction questionnaire named Job Description Index (JDI) by the self-report method. Data were analyzed using SSPS-22 software.

The mean score of job satisfaction of nurses in hospitals No. 1 and No. 2 was 233.5±30.2 and 230.5±40.7, respectively, which was not significantly different. In terms of job satisfaction dimensions, nurses of hospital No. 1 had higher scores for the dimensions of "nature of work" (P<0.03), "salary" (P<0.001) and "promotion" (P<0.02) than other. In contrast, the scores of "colleagues" (P<0.004) and "supervision" (P<0.001) in nurses of hospital No. 2 were significantly higher than nurses of hospital No 1.

Considering that the job satisfaction of military nurses was moderate in both hospitals, it is necessary that some measurements should be considered by managers and decision-makers to increase job satisfaction.

Professional responsibility is important for bachelor degree nursing students, but it has not been measured specifically among these students and findings of the studies on its related factors are inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the level of professional responsibility and its related factors among bachelor degree nursing students in selected public nursing schools in Iran.

For this cross‑sectional study, 388 bachelor degree nursing students from 8 selected public nursing schools in Iran were selected through convenience sampling (2018–2019). The participants completed the demographic questionnaire and Responsibility among Bachelor Degree Nursing Students Scale (RABDNSS). This valid and reliable scale consists of 45 items that determine professional responsibility and its 5 subscales. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods in SPSS software.

The mean (SD) total score of professional responsibility was 175.26 (23.58), indicating a high level of responsibility. The highest and lowest mean (SD) scores were obtained in the subscales of situational self‑mandatory 4.20 (0.52) and positive professional attitude 3.71 (0.82), respectively. Students’ educational grade average and level of interest in nursing were significantly correlated with professional responsibility and its subscales (p </em>< 0.05).

The relationship of students’ interest in nursing and students’ educational grade average with professional responsibility can be useful for planning admission policies and evaluating and promoting professional responsibility related behaviors among nursing students. However, further research in these areas is recommended.

Gastrointestinal complications after open heart surgery are high mortality despite having low incidence. One of the complications that can overshadow the surgical results is constipation. Fasting before surgery and delayed oral nutrition after surgery are the causes of constipation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nutritional guidelines on the prevention of constipation in patients undergoing open heart surgery.

A special nutritional care instruction was designed using a review and Delphi study. In a clinical trial, 70 patients underwent open heart surgery. They were placed in two groups of 35 (experiment and control group). Nutritional guidelines and pamphlets were taught to patients and nurses in the experiment group. Patients were screened for constipation from the day before surgery to one week after surgery. The control group received routine experiment.

The mean frequency of bowel movements in the experimental group was higher than the control group, but only statistically significant in the first two days (P <0.05). Stool consistency was more natural during the one-week postoperative period in the control group than in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).

The results of this study showed that the formulated nutritional care guidelines can be effective in preventing and reducing gastrointestinal complications, especially constipation, in the first two days after open heart surgery.

Nurses employed in military hospitals are exposed to the stresses of the military environment and high levels of job burnout. The model of follow-up care is a way to reduce job burnout. The purpose of this study has performed the effectiveness of the Continuing Education Program on job burnout of nurses.

This quasi-experimental study was performed on 94 nurses working in the selected Military hospital of Tehran. Initially, the Validated Goldard questionnaire was filled by nurses, and then 70 nurses with inclusion criteria were randomly divided into case and control groups. A two-hour group session was held on strategies for reducing job burnout and presenting educational booklets to the case group. The short message service (SMS) was sent to the experimental group three times each week for three months. Finally, both groups completed the burnout questionnaire. The data were analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS-17.

Findings showed that there was no significant difference in a burnout before intervention between the case and control groups. Also, there was no significant difference between the two groups before and after the intervention. There was a significant difference in burnout in the case group before and after the intervention (P=0.001).

Based on the results of using continuous training programs by telephone, the internet and SMS to reduce burnout of nurses is recommended. These treatment recommendations should be brief, useful, and applicable.

Ethics is an inseparable part of nursing duties body   and one of the most important factors influencing human behavior. In fact, ethics can be considered as one of the main factors in promoting  respect of patient' rights.
 

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ethical intelligence of nurses working in general and  intensive care units in Tehran's selected military hospital.

This descriptive-analytical study was  performed from  July until  November 2018.The study was conducted on 120 out of 1,200 nurses working in the hospital who were selected based on the Morgan sample size table and allocated to the general and intensive care units, 40 of which were in the intensive care unit and 80 in the internal and surgical units. Ethical intelligence of the samples was measured using the Lenik and Kiel moral intelligence questionnaire and then analyzed using SPSS 20 software.

The inclusion criteria were at least one year of  job experience, at least a bachelor's degree in nursing and  aged  22 to 50 years. The samples consisted of 56 females and 64 males, of which 107 were married and 13 single, 12 had a master's degree and 108  bachelor's degree. The mean and standard deviation of nurses' moral intelligence was 75.25 (SD=8.47) and in general wards was 73.26 (SD=9.87) and in intensive care unit nurses was 77.25 (SD=7.07). The highest level among the four criteria of nurses' moral intelligence was honesty in the general and intensive care units with a mean of 79.62 (SD=11.22) which in the general unit 79.00 (SD=10.32) and in intensive care unit  80.25 (SD=12.12).The results showed that 77.5% of nurses were in good and higher level of moral intelligence.

The results indicate the importance and place of ethical teaching in nursing. The nurse's attitude  towards the patient, herself and her job can promote this profession. Therefore, today acquiring ethical knowledge and the ability to cultivate nurses' moral intelligence is one of the essentials in this profession. It is recommended to provide appropriate ethics training for nurses in the form of in-service courses. due to the difference in the nurses moral intelligence in the general and intensive care units, which indicates hospital managers pay more attention to the intensive care units, so managers need to have the same sensitivity and attention to general units as to intensive care units.

According to the nature of the nursing profession, the education process is based on two parts of theory and practice. To educate nurses who can provide proper care by health standards, attention to both sectors is essential. However, the gap between the theories of practice is one of the challenges posed in nursing education. So that the approaches of studies in the field of nursing education are also focused on the pathology of this challenge and provide a suitable strategy. This study aimed to provide a solution to close the gap between theory and practice in nursing education. This integrative review uses the key words of nursing education, theory, and practice, a wide search of resources at the WOS, Pub med, Science Direct, Scopus, Iranmadex, Magiran, SID and Google scholar from 2003 to 2018, in English and Persian. Ultimately, 7 articles were included. Data were analyzed based on whitehorse and Knafl (2005) strategy. Based on the results of the studies, reviewing of curriculum, Motivation, cultural competence, appropriate communication between instructors and students, increasing the critical thinking skills of faculty members and students, enhancing the clinical skills of faculty members and using various educational methods, among the effective factors in reducing the gap between theory and practice in nursing education. According to the results of the study, reviewing of curriculum, increasing the critical thinking skills of students and faculty members, enhancing the clinical skills of faculty members and using various education methods in nursing recommended.

In intensive care units (ICU), there should be some more facilities and equipment such as ventilators, monitors, suction pumps, etc. These devices are equipped with an alarm system in their settings. Sometimes, too many alarms cause alarm fatigue among nurses and consequently would jeopardize the safety of patients. Therefore, the current study aimed at designing a tool to assess the alarm fatigue among nurses.
In the current developmental, analytic study, using reliable databases, an alarm fatigue questionnaire was designed with 32 items. The content of the tool was measured by the panel of experts and its reliability was measured by Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 21.
The results showed that 9 out of 32 items of the questionnaire had low content validity index and ratio (CVI/CVR) and should be rejected; the index value of the questionnaire was 0.7 that was acceptable. The results showed that the final questionnaire was reliable (α = 0.806) with test-retest, which was repeatable.
Since the alarm fatigue can jeopardize the patients’ safety, it is required to use a reliable tool for its assessment. According to the obtained results in the current study, the present questionnaire had a relatively appropriate validity.

Patient safety is a major public health problem. In fact, patient safety is a global health concern that affects patients in all areas of healthcare throughout the world, whether in developed or developing countries, and it is important to have a wide range of nursing practices such as education, clinics, and management. Considering the importance of patient safety in the quality of care and outcomes of patients, this study was conducted to systematically review patient safety in Iran and in the world.
This article follows the review of texts on patient safety dated between 2008 and 2016 found in Internet searches and library studies with the keywords "patient safety training", "quality of care", and "nursing" using databases such as MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ISI, which index the vast majority of published journals and publications. From the articles searched, 23 were obtained and reviewed. Out of the large amount of quantitative and qualitative studies found, articles about the patient safety in nursing were selected and their results are summarized in Table 1 below.
The results of the review of 23 articles showed that patient safety in the majority of Iranian hospitals was at acceptable levels, and only in a few cities such as Shiraz and Hamadan.
According to the review, further planning is needed to improve the patient's safety, such as reducing mistakes, incidents of falling, hospital infections, surgical complications, and improving other safety features so that all hospitals in the future will be upgraded to safety-friendly hospitals.

Motivation is an important tool to motivate nurses to provide empathetic and safe care in complicated working conditions and crisis. This study aimed to survey the relationship between job motivation and empathy in nurses working in a military hospital in Shiraz in 2014.
A descriptive- correlational and sectional study was done on 102 nurses working in a military hospital. A census sampling was performed in a hospital affiliated to the armed forces in Shiraz. Data were collected with Jefferson's Empathy and Herzberg's Motivation-Healthy Questionnaires. The validity and reliability of these questionnaires have been confirmed in previous studies between r =0.85 and r=0.89. After data gathering was done, they were analyzed using SPSS software version 22, descriptive and analytical tests and also Pearson's correlation coefficient with a significant level )P =0.05).
The mean score of motivation was 86.40 out of a total score of 150. Also, the mean score of empathy was 65.01 out of a total score of 100. Most nurses were at a moderate level in regards to job motivation (63.7%) and empathy (81.4%).There was a significant positive but at the same time, weak correlation between motivation and empathy (P=0.049, r=0.198). There was no significant relationship between demographic variables and motivation and empathy (p Regarding the moderate level of occupational motivation and empathy in nurses, executive managers can promote nurse's motivation to bring about demonstrating their empathetic behaviors and improve nursing care quality.

Many patients in coronary care unit (CCU) suffer from decreased sleep quality caused by environmental and mental factors. This study compared the efficacy of foot reflexology massage, foot bath, and a combination of them on the quality of sleep of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
This quasi-experimental study was implemented on ACS patients in Iran. Random sampling was used to divide the patients into four groups of 35 subjects. The groups were foot reflexology massage, foot bath, a combination of the two and the control group. Sleep quality was measured using the Veran Snyder-Halpern questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13.
The mean age of the four groups was 61.22 (11.67) years. The mean sleep disturbance in intervention groups (foot reflexology massage and foot bath groups) during the second and third nights was significantly less than before intervention. The results also showed a greater reduction in sleep disturbance in the combined group than in the other groups when compared to the control group.
It can be concluded that the intervention of foot bath and massage are effective in reducing sleep disorders and there was a synergistic effect when used in combination. This complementary care method can be recommended to be implemented by CCU nurses.

Clinical experiences are so pivotal in nursing education and prepare nursing students to expose with real clinical situations. The study purpose was to explore the pathology of clinical training in medical surgical nursing at nursing faculties.
The qualitative study was conducted on 20 nursing students during their clinical training on medicinal surgical courses in 2014 by census methods. The selection of clinical trainers was performed by purposeful sampling and research process through individual and group semi-structured interviews. Interviews continued until data saturation was met and five-step analysis of Lundman and Graneheim was applied for data analysis.
After the analysis of individual and group interviews, 694 primary codes were derived, which were categorized in three main themes including the following: factors related to coaching with sub-categorizations of competency, attitude to the practice, interpersonal communications, evaluation and supervision; factors related to educational planning with sub-categorizations of coach devoting, clinical environment, and ineffective planning; and ultimately factors related to Logbook or assessment form with sub-categorizations of content problems of Logbook or assessing form, time consumption of Logbook completion, and mental problems for accepting the Logbook or assessment form.
It is so necessary to direct authoritie's attention to clinical ward improvement, selection of professional and empowered trainers, and holding educational courses for coaching; because the amelioration of clinical education quality according to the main mission of nursing education will result in safe care from patients.

Nursing students require highly specialized competencies to accurately determine patients' states and to predict and cope with problems that may occur during nursing care. This study explores the definition, domains, and levels of nursing students' competency.

This study was a systematic review of nursing students’ competencies in English (ISI, SCOPUS, Ovid, Proquest, Iranmedex, Google scholar, PubMed) and Persian (Scientific Information Database) databases (1985–2015), according to the University of York Center for Reviewers and Dissemination Guidance approach, 2008.

From a total of 13,115 articles, 20 were retrieved in the final step. The individual experiences, dynamic process, and positive interactive social and beneficial changes in the equality of one’s professional life that cause meta-cognitive abilities, touch reality, motivation, decision making, job involvement, professional authority, self-confidence, knowledge and professional skills formulated the definition of nursing students' competency. Educational, cultural, individual, professional and inter-professional, research, clinical and practical domains were defined as belonging to nursing students' competency. Seven nursing student competency levels were identified.

Although the definitions of competency, its domains, and its levels vary by profession and country, this systematic review demonstrated the comprehensive ones in three scopes. However, more research is needed to examine the three scopes in the nursing student competency concept.