فهرست مطالب elham siasi

Gastric cancer is the second common cause of cancer death worldwide. Cytokines are mediators of peptides that are involved in the regulation of immunological responses, inflammatory systemic responses, and repair responses to risk factors. Interleukins are cytokines that are produced on other lymphocytes. Interleukin-10, is one of the body's most important interleukin that to inhibit inflammatory and immune responses. Different polymorphisms are found in the promoter region of interleukin 10 gene, which by changing the rate of this gene expression, could been altered its function. In this present research, was studied of relation between (-1082G/A) polymorphism in interleukin 10 gene and gastric cancer.

Two groups consist of 50 patients and 50 controls, were selected as the study samples population and were taken blood samples from them. Next DNA extraction from samples, genotyping of this polymorphism was used by Tetra-ARMS-PCR. Then was analyzed the results.

Samples genotyping was showed frequency of A and G alleles 74% and 26%, in patient groups and in control groups 68% and 32%, respectively. There was a significant association between GG genotype in this polymorphism and gastric cancer (P=0.013).

This study results shown that can be used (-1082G/A) polymorphism in interleukin 10 gene as a molecular biomarker for gastric cancer in Iranian patients’ population.

Diabetes is a growing global health problem and caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. One of the most important genes related to type 2 diabetes is the FTO gene. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between rs6499640 and rs17817449 polymorphisms in the FTO gene with type 2 diabetes in the population of Dezful city. In this research study, samples consist of 100 normal people and 100 people with type 2 diabetes were included in the study. DNA extraction was performed after blood sampling. The quantity and quality of extracted DNA was measured using nanodrop and electrophoresis. ARMS-PCR and Tetra-ARMS-PCR technique was used to determine the genotype of samples. Then was used sequencing for confirming of the genotyping results by PCR and data were analyzed statistically. There was no significant relationship in the distribution of genotypes between rs6499640 and rs17817449 polymorphisms of the FTO gene and the increased risk of diabetes in the population of Dezful city was not shown (P value equal to 0.728 and 0.085, respectively). But in the case of rs17817449 polymorphism, a significant relationship was found between the frequency of GG genotype and the risk of type 2 diabetes. According to this study results, association between current studied polymorphisms and causing of type 2 diabetes in the population of Dezful city was not declared. For confirming of these results, more studies in the larger population and more sampling are recommended.

Histones are replaced by protamines to package sperm head DNA during mammalian spermatogenesis. Protamine genes variation cause sperm DNA damage and is affect infertility in men. Therefore, this study aim was investigation on association of two rs737008 in PRM1 gene and rs4780356 in PRM2 gene polymorphisms with azoospermia and oligospermia in Iranian idiopathic infertile men.

DNA extraction from blood samples of 96 idiopathic infertile men with azoospermia and oligospermia and 100 normal control men. Prevalance of two studied polymorphisms was identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Then results were confirmed with sequencing.

A mutant allele frequency of rs737008 in PRM1 gene polymorphism was difference in patient and control groups but statistical analysis showed no significant association between this polymorphism prevalance among case and control groups (P>0.05). By genotyping shown no existent rs4780356 in PRM2 gene polymorphism in anyone of case and control groups.

This study finding indicated there was not association with prevalence of two rs737008 in PRM1 gene and rs4780356 in PRM2 gene polymorphisms with oligospermia and azospermia and idiopatic male infertility in Iranian population. More studies need to demonstrate the role of these two polymorphisms with idiopathic infertility in Iranian men.

Frequency of male infertility is 10-15% and there is not definite reason in 50% of infertility in men. This form of infertility is named idiopathic infertility and genetic factors are one of male infertility causes. Therefore, aim of this study was investigation on association between T886C polymorphism in TAS2R38 gene and C109869T polymorphism in SLC6A14 gene with Iranian idiopathic infertile male.

For this study. DNA was extracted from 200 blood samples consist of 100 men with idiopathic infertility (oligospermic and azoospermia) and 100 fertile men as control groups. Genotyping of two studied polymorphisms were performed by using of molecular methods, HRM-PCR Corbett, PCR-RFLP and Sequencing, then results were statistical analyzed.

For T886C polymorphism in TAS2R38 gene statistical analysis showed no significant difference between patient and control groups (P=0.9) and results shown was not association between this polymorphism and idiopathic male infertility in Iranian population. Frequency of C109869T polymorphism in SLC6A14 gene was different in infertile patients and control groups (P=0.04) and is indicated significant relationship with idiopathic male infertility in studied Iranian men population.

According to this research results, The C109869T polymorphism in SLC6A14 gene is actual in affected of idiopathic infertility in Iranian men population and could cause oligospermia and azoospermia and created infertility in Iranian male. For confirming these results is recommended study on more samples.

Background &

The causes of Alzheimer's disease are currently unknown. Genetic and environmental factors can be effective in creating of this disease. In recent studies, one of the genes and its polymorphisms that was known to affect Alzheimer is SHARPIN. This study aimed to investigate the presence of rs34674752 polymorphism in the SHARPIN gene and its relation with Alzheimer's disease in the population of Iranian patients.

This study was performed on 50 people with Alzheimer's disease and 50 healthy controls. After blood sampling and DNA extraction, genotyping was done by Tetra ARMS PCR. The data was statistically analyzed.

Results showed that the frequency of GG, GT and TT genotypes of rs34674752 polymorphism in control and patient groups was 100%, 0% and 0%, respectively. Both control and patient groups were in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. There was no significant correlation between people's genotype and the possibility of Alzheimer's disease, and among the demographic factors, only the relationship between age group and the disease was significant (p=0.029).

According to the results of this study, there was no statistically significant association between the rs34674752 polymorphism in the SHARPIN gene and Alzheimer's disease in the studied Iranian population. To confirm the present study results, the investigation of populations with different societies and a larger quantity of samples are recommended.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. One of the polymorphisms in Alzheimer's disease is rs7920721 in the ECHDC3 gene, which has not been studied in the population of Iranian Alzheimer's patients and was evaluated in the present study. In 2021, 100 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 100 healthy controls performed the current case-control analysis. Following blood sampling and DNA extraction, rs7920721 polymorphism was examined using Tetra ARMS PCR. The frequency of AA, AG and GG genotypes in rs7920721 in the control group was 89, 10, and 1%, respectively; in people with Alzheimer's disease, they were 73, 23, and 4%, respectively (P = 0.014). The frequency of A and G alleles in the control group was 94% and 6%, respectively, and in people with Alzheimer's disease, they were 84.5% and 15.5%, respectively (P = 0.046). The value (OR = 2.874) (CI 95% = 1.43-5.77) indicated an increased probability of disease in the presence of polymorphism. Both the case and control populations were also in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results of the present study showed that the presence of the G allele in rs7920721 of the ECHDC3 gene could be associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in the Iranian population. As a result, this polymorphism can be introduced as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.

It is estimated that 1-5% of couples suffer from recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Recent studies have shown the effects of gene polymorphisms in RPL.

The aim of this study was to evaluate 3 gene polymorphisms including rs1048943 of CYP1A1, rs28371725 of CYP2D6, and rs7830 of NOS3 in idiopathic RPL to identify their association with RPL.

Blood samples were collected from 136 women with at least 2 consecutive idiopathic miscarriages (case group) and 136 women with no history of miscarriage and at least one successful pregnancy (control group) from the Iranian Azeri population. This study was carried out between April 2018-April 2020. Amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction was used for the rs7830, rs1048943 and rs28371725 polymorphisms in order to genotype each extracted genomic DNA sample. After that, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression were used to investigate whether each of these polymorphisms is associated with RPL.

Among these polymorphisms, only rs1048943 of CYP1A1 showed a statistically significant association with RPL in the Iranian Azeri women studied.

Our results suggest that CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms might be associated with a reduced risk of RPL. Further studies in other populations and in the same population with a larger sample size, as well as functional genomics analyses such as gene expression analyses or epigenetic studies are required to validate our results.

Bio electromagnetic studies, and the role of electromagnetic field radiation with very low frequency is the important environmental factors associated with the beginning and treatment of cancers. In this study, the variation of miR-21 and miR-29 expression in the gastric cancer cell line was investigated when was exposed under the influence of electromagnetic fields with 0.25 and 2.5 ml Tesla strength, in two type of continuous and discontinues radiation.

Gastric cancer cell line culture, was exposed to the electromagnetic radiation system including 0.25 and 2.5 ml Tesla field strength and in continuous and discontinues radiation, and was compared with a non-radiation control group. After RNA extraction from cells, using the cDNA synthesis and by Real Time PCR variations of two microRNAs expression was explored and results was statistical analyzed.

According the results, cell viability percent in electromagnetic field radiation compare to the control group, was showed significant decrease. Eexpression of miR-21 and miR-29 was showed significant increase due to increase the electromagnetic field radiation strength. As also, nearby over expression of miR-21 and miR-29 in two type radiation, cell viability percent was shown significant decline.

Finding demonstrated radiation with very low frequency electromagnetic field in the gastric cancer cell line has led to over expression of the miR-21 and miR-29, which confirmation beside future studies, it's could be proposed as molecular biomarker for gastric cancer.

Temperature changes cause testicular dysfunction. It has been observed that testicular hyperthermia leads to oxidative stress and as a result a severe reduction in testicular parameters. Causes a severe reduction in Sperm parameters to become oxidative due to stress. Recently, natural plant materials and magnetic nanoparticles have been considered. In the internal mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, gen bcl2 is a target of miR455.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and improve their impacts by using the antioxidant curcumin on sperm parameters by investigating changes in expression miR455 in response to temperature-induced stress in scrotal hyperthermia rats.

After preparation, the rats were placed in a hot water bath at 43°C. for 30 minutes for six consecutive days. The rats were then divided into eight groups. We used TiO2 nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.03 mg/kg of body weight and curcumin at a concentration of 0.02 mg/kg of body weight. After killing the animals, such parameters of sperm as viability, concentration, motility, and morphology of spermatozoa were studied. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed using appropriate kits. A gene primer was designed and RT-PCR was used to assess gene expression. The t-test and ANOVA were used to examine differences between different groups. Data analysis was performed using Prism8 software and SPSS version 26.

The results showed that miR455 expression was lower in the treatment groups and was associated with curcumin (P < 0.05). A positive effect of curcumin on improving sperm parameters in rats with scrotum hyperthermia and a negative and toxic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles were shown. However, a significant improvement in sperm parameters was observed when rats were given TiO2 nanoparticles along with curcumin.

The changes in the expression miR455, shown in curcumin have controlled the damage to TiO2 nanoparticles. It seems that miRNA455 can be used as a marker to predict sperm health status. So Curcumin can play a protective role in reducing the toxic effects of testicular hyperthermia as well as titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Gene expression is regulated with miRNAs, that are non-coding small RNA molecules and genetic variations such as miRNA genes SNPs, which are molecular biomarkers in the prediction of cancers risk. One of miRNAs that is associated with BRCA1 / BRCA2 genes, is miR146a and related with many cancers, including breast cancer. This research aim was association study between prevalence of rs2910164 SNP in miR146a gene with breast cancer in Iranian female population.

This study was performed on 50 patient and 50 control blood samples. DNA was extracted of samples. Then for genotyping was used Tetra Aarms PCR and results was statistically analyzed.Results- Frequency of genotypes for GG, GC and CC in control groups were 30%, 66% and 4%, and for patient groups was 46% , 52% and 2%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between frequency of dominant and recessive allels in control and patients gorups (P > 0.05).

In this study results, there was not significant difference between G and C alleles in the control and case groups. Therefore, could be indicated that there was not association between of miR146a gene rs2910164 polymorphism and breast cancer in the studied Iranian females population. So, further studies with larger sample size are required to support finding of this research.

Testicular function depends on temperature, and it has been shown that scrotal hyperthermia causes a sharp decrease in sperm parameters due to oxidative stress. In recent years, the use of natural materials from the plant and nanoparticles has attracted much attention. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin and Fe2O3 nanoparticles on sperm parameters in rats.

After preparing the rats, they were placed in a hot water bath at 43°C for 30 minutes for six consecutive days. The 48 rats were then divided into eight groups. A concentration of 0.03 mg/kg body weight magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles and curcumin at the concentration of 0.02 mg/kg body weight were used. After killing animals, the semen parameters such as viability, concentration, motility, and morphology of sperm were studied.

Significant differences were observed in all groups of rats in terms of semen parameters (P<0.001). The results showed a positive effect of curcumin on improving semen parameters in scrotal hyperthermia rats and a negative and toxic effect of Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles. However, significant improvement in sperm parameters was observed when Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles were given to rats along with curcumin.

Curcumin has a positive and significant effect on improving sperm parameters in scrotal hyperthermia conditions. Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles, if co-administered with curcumin, can significantly improve sperm parameters. In this regard, green synthesis of nanoparticles and concomitant administration of antioxidants such as curcumin in scrotal hyperthermia conditions is recommended.

The mutation of F2 and PAI-1 genes can cause thrombophilia in women. The present study aimed to assess the relationship of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) with rs3136520 in F2 and rs6090 in PAI-1.

This case-control study was conducted on 120 women with idiopathic RPL as case group and 120 healthy women without any history of infertility or abortion with at least one healthy child as the control group. These subjects were referred to a private genetic lab by a gynecologist. Both polymorphisms were studied using the amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction approach, and the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26) using the chi-squared test (P˂0.05).

In the multiplicative model, there was a significant association between rs6090 and RPL (OR=0.222; 95%CI=0.082-0.599); nonetheless,
no relationship was detected between rs3136520 and RPL (OR=1, 95%CI=0.488-2.049). Moreover, according to additive model, there was no association between rs3136520 and RPL; however, there was a significant relationship between AG genotype in rs6090 and RPL (OR=0.245; 95% CI=0.066-0.901).

As evidenced by the obtained results, there was a protective association between rs6090 and RPL; nonetheless, there was no relationship between rs3136520 and RPL.

Lung cancer is one of the major causes of cancer deaths. The activation of fgf signals, including fgf-9, is involved in the pathogenesis of several cancers, including lung cancer. Also, fgf-9 may be an indicator for prognosis and is associated with survival rates in patients with NSCLC. Therefore, in this study, the rate of fgf-9 gene expression in the serum patients with lung cancer was investigated. Analysis

In this study, 50 serum samples of healthy subjects and 50 serum samples of NSCLC patients were collected from patients referring to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran and were collected by questionnaires, individual and clinical data of the subjects. Then, Plasma isolation, RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, primer design were performed and the rate of changes of fgf-9 expression in the serum of healthy and lung cancer patients was evaluated using Real Time PCR. REST software was used to analyze the results.

In this study, the expression of fgf-9 gene was not significantly different in the serum of patients with the first to third stages of metastasis but in the serum of people with stage IV metastasis the level of expression of fgf-9 gene had a significant reduction of 4.46 (p < 0.05) times than normal samples.

According to the results of this study, if these results are confirmed in more samples, the level of the fgf-9 gene expression in the serum of individuals can probably be used in the future to predict the stage of metastasis of lung cancer

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields affect miRNAs expression in cancer cell. In this study, electromagnetic fields exposed to low frequency were used to compare miR-21 and miR-29 expressions in a gastric cancer cell line.

It has been recently suggested that the low frequency electromagnetic fields probably function as a treatment for cancers.

A cultured cell line of gastric cancer was exposed to an electromagnetic radiation system. The cell line was assigned to 4 groups under continuous and discontinuous radiations of 0.25 and 2.5 ml Tesla field strength. Then, the groups were compared with a non-radiation control group. Later, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were prepared for miR-21 and miR-29. Real Time PCR method was used to determine how expressions of these two microRNAs differ. Finally, the results were statistically analyzed.

The percentage of cell viability in the electromagnetic field radiation experienced a significant decrease compared to that of the control group. In addition, expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-29 had a significant increase as the strength of the electromagnetic field radiations was on an upward trend. Similarly, the percentage of cell viability saw a significant decline in the upregulation of miRNA-21 and miRNA-29 regardless of radiation types.

Findings of this study showed the therapeutic effect of low frequency electromagnetic fields on the gastric cancer cell line. They also indicated that novel biomarkers (miRNA-21 and miRNA-29) could be proposed as potential treatments of gastric cancer, but the results are required to be well established by future studies.

virulence genes in Salmonella are a combination of plasmid and chromosomal factors and a single genetic position would not be responsible for all biological manifestations in Salmonella. Considering the difference in the serotypes of Salmonella in terms of serious genes, the aim of this study was to compare the presence of plasmid and chromosomal virulence genes (int, inv, spv (vir)) Salmonella typhimurium and Infantis in clinical cases in children and adults by Multiplex PCR.

In this study, 676 stool specimens were collected from patients referring to Imam Khomeini and Milad hospitals and 60 isolates were identified as Salmonella. After serotyping, 30 isolates were recognized as Salmonella infants and 30 isolates as salmonella typhimurium. By using the Multiplex PCR technique, the prevalence of spvC, invA and Int genes was studied.

All investigated serotypes had invA and Int genes. 93.3% of typhimurium serotypes and 6/7% of infantis serotypes infants had SpvC gene. In 93/3% of typhimurium serotypes and 6/7% of infantis serotypes all three genes were present simultaneously.

virulence genes increase the pathogenicity of typhimurium and Infantis strains. Therefore, the genetic and molecular genetic isolation of these genes can help to identify the bacterial enzymes and to make effective drugs for the treatment of related diseases.

Histones are replaced by protamines to package sperm head DNA during mammalian spermatogenesis. Protamine genes variation cause sperm DNA damage and is affect infertility in men. Therefore this study aim was investigation on association of two rs737008 in PRM1 gene and rs4780356 in PRM2 gene polymorphisms with azoospermia and oligospermia in Iranian idiopathic infertile men.

DNA extraction from blood samples of 96 idiopathic infertile men with azoospermia and oligospermia and 100 normal control men. Prevalance of two studied polymorphisms was identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Then results were confirmed with sequencing

A mutant allele frequency of rs737008 in PRM1 gene polymorphism was difference in patient and control groups but statistical analysis showed no significant association between this polymorphism prevalance among case and control groups (P>0.05). By genotyping shown no existent rs4780356 in PRM2 gene polymorphism in anyone of case and control groups.

This study finding indicated there was not association with prevalence of two rs737008 in PRM1 gene and rs4780356 in PRM2 gene polymorphisms with oligospermia and azospermia and idiopatic male infertility in Iranian population. More studies need to demonstrate the role of these two polymorphisms with idiopathic infertility in Iranian men.

 E. coli is a normal flura in the human and animal intestinal tract. This bacteria is one of the main cause of the urinary tract infection. The aim of this study was identification and simultaneously presence of 3 virulence factors, kpsMTII, iucD, usp in the genome of urinary tract infection E. coli strains.

 60 samples of E. coli, which caused urinary tract infection, were collected. These bacteria were isolated by biochemical tests and gram staining. Then bacteria genome was extracted by gram-negative bacteria DNA extraction kits.  Multiplex-PCR was used for identifying of 3 virulence factors.

 In these 60 samples of isolated E. coli, the prevalence of virulence genes is as follows: kpsMTII 71.66%, iucD 88.33%, and usp 36.66%. As also, simultaneously presence of 3 virulence factors were observed in 28.33% of samples. There was significant association between prevalence of these three genes and urinary tract infection in studied E. coli isolates (Pvalue<0.05).

 According to this study results, that was similar to previous researches, could be significant related between prevalence of these three genes in studied urinary tract infection E. coli samples.

The genome of Enterococcus has a large number of repetitive sequences that are randomly distributed over DNA. In ERIC-PCR, a separate pattern is obtained for each strain and is considered a separate type. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes include dispersed repeat sequences that are relatively short non-coding, and dispersed in the bacterial genome. BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR primers are complementary to these repeat sequences and allow for dedicated binding and unique BOX-PCR fingerprint patterns and ERIC-PCR with reproducibility capability.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, based on previous studies and 95% confidence level using the formula n = z2P (1-P)/d2 and acceptable error 0.05, total of 60 Enterococcal Faecalis strains were cultured from sterile specimens on KF agar medium and incubated at 37°C for 24h and were identified by biochemical tests of suspected Enterococcal Faecalis. DNA samples were extracted and BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR tests were performed.

All strains were distinguished in 25 distinct clusters at the level of similarity of 58%. Also, by analyzing the ERIC-PCR results, all strains were segregated into 15 separate clusters at a similar level of 58%.

Molecular fingerprinting with BOX-PCR has a better subtraction and differentiation than ERIC-PCR for typing bacterial isolates and is widely used in epidemiological studies and trace source of infection and taxonomy.

TOX3 gene plays an important role in the risk of breast cancer in females. Polymorphisms were identified in this gene, that can associated with breast cancer. The aim of this study was relation between breast cancer and rs3803662 polymorphism of TOX3 gene in Iranian females by Tetra Arms PCR. Blood samples were collected from 50 normal groups and 50 Breast cancer Patients. Then was extracted DNA from samples. Genotype frequency of this polymorphism in TOX3 gene were determined by using Tetra Arms PCR. Genotyp frequency for TT, TC and CC in normal groups was 10%, 88% and 2%, and For patient groups was 6% , 50% and 44%, respectively. Frequency of CC recessive homozygous genotype of rs3803662 polymorphism in TOX3 gene between normal groups and breast cancer patients was statistical significant difference (P < 0.05). This research for first time was studied relation between the risk of breast cancer and presence of rs3803662 polymorphism in TOX3 gene in Iranian females. The results of this study was showed that presence of rs3803662 polymorphism in TOX3 gene, as genetic marker, can associated with breast cancer in Iranian female.

Staphylococcus aureus can be caused different infections in human. Bacterial infection of the cervix can be effective in spermatozoid parameters change and may be come  infertility in women. The aim of this study was identification of Staphylococcus aureus super-antigenes from infertile women with unexplained  infertility.

Hundred vaginal samples were isolated from unexplained infertile women. Positive samples for Staphylococcus aureus with at least three antibiotic resistances were analyzed by PCR. For identification of infection effect on infertility, after incubation of fresh sperm samples ubated with the Staphylococcus aureus consist one of seg, sei or Tsst-1 genes, were measured sperm parameters.

Staphylococcus aureus was selected from 52 samples. After antibiogram test, 19 Staphylococcus aureus samples were identified with resistance to three or more antibiotics. Frequency of Tsst-1, sei and seg genes were, (26.3%) ,(21.1%) and (10.5%), respectively. There were in 11 (57.9%) isolates, sei, seg or Tsst-1 genes. As also, 10.5% of isolates had both of seg and sei genes. One strain (5.3%) with seg, sei and Tsst-1 genes, could be agglutinated 50% of fresh sperms without any significant changes on motility and viability.  

The results were indicated  Sphylococcus aureus that is caused vaginal infection could be damage the morphology and motility of male spermatozoa. In summary, treatment of bacterial vaginosis could be effective for prevention of idiopathic infertilities in infertile couples rates.

Candida Albicans is the most important cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis and resistance to azoles can occur via various mechanisms including, change in the ERG11 gene. This study aim was to identification of ERG11 gene mutations in drug resistant Candida albicans isolated from patients with Candida vaginitis and its association with infertility in Iranian women.

From 100 patients with vaginitis Candida Albicans species were isolated by using chromogen agar culture . The drug sensitivity was determined with standard protocol, diffusion disc test. Then extraction genome from resistance species and was used PCR and sequencing for investigation of ERG11 gene mutations. For detection of sperm parameters disorders and relation with infertility, normal sperm was placed adjacent to sensitive and resistance Candida Albicans by different concentrations and times.

From 100 patients, 40 samples of Candida albicans were isolated that 2 samples were fluconazole and ketoconazole-resistant. ERG11 gene mutations e in 2 samples were, conversion and insertion. In 10000 and 100000 CFU/ml concentrations, 4 hours and with 3 repeated, was observed significant relation to agglutination and reduction in motility of the sperms (P<0.05).

This study results showed that antibiotic resistance can be increased in Candida albicans with mutation in the ERG11 gene and this Candida vaginitis infections, can associated with infertility in women.

Salmonella and Escherichia coli are the most common food pathogens bacterial especially in chicken products. Rapidly, specifically and simultaneously detection of the pathogens by identification of special genes, is important. This study aim was identification of both E.coli and Salmonella in chicken products by using multiplex PCR with lamB and invA genes amplification. 100 chicken samples were obtained . Samples were washed by sterile saline water and were cultured in biochemical medium. Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains were purified and DNA extraction was performed. Then amplification of both invA and lamB genes were used by multiplex PCR. From 100 chicken samples, 9 samples and 26 samples were isolated by biochemichal tests, Salmonella and E.coli, respectively. Multiplex PCR results showed ferequency of invA gene was 9% and for lamB gene was 26% , As also, frequency of both genes in samples were 1%. In this study, multiplex PCR results was based on Salmonella and E. coli special virulence genes was comfirmed biochemical tests results. Therefore comparation of results showed Multiplex PCR for rapid and simultaneous detection of food pathogens has high sensitivity and can be a reliable method for controlling of food contamination.

 In this study, relationship between breast cancer and 251A/T polymorphism of IL-8 gene, as the genetic marker, was investigated in the Iranian females population by Tetra arms-PCR.

 In this case-control study, 50 women with breast cancer and 50 healthy women as control group were selected. After extraction of DNA, determination of IL-8 gene 251 A / T polymorphism genotypes was performed by Tetra arms-PCR.

 In the control group, frequency of AA, AT, and TT genotypes were 0%, 88% and 12%, respectively and them for case group were 12%, 54% and 34%, respectively. Result showed no significant difference between AA, AT and TT genotypes in the control and case groups (P ≤ 0.05).

 In current research, there was no significant difference between A and T alleles in the control and case groups. Therefore, it indicated that there was not association between IL-8 gene 251 A/T polymorphism and breast cancer in the studied Iranian females population.

  Aim and Background- Riboflavin or vitamin B2 is essential for body and has the significant role in the macromolecules metabolism. Human can not to synthesize vitamin B2 and must be acquire it from food-diet. Riboflavin biosynthetic pathway have been studied in Bacteria. The aim of this study was to isolation and identification of Bacillus subtilis as, riboflavin producing bacteria from different soil of Iran. Materials and Methods- Soil samples from different areas of Iran was collected and was purplated. Then was prepared pure isolated of bacteria and was identified by biochemical and morphological tests. DNA was extracted from isolated of B. subtilis, and using PCR for detection of ribC gene. Results- Biochemical tests and PCR results showed, from 100 soil samples, 19 B. subtilis was isolated that was contained ribC gene and could growth in riboflavin-free medium. Conclusion- B. subtilis was isolated easy from the soil and ribC gene can coded riboflavin in B. subtilis. Riboflavin in B. subtilis was biosynthesed by regulatory region in the up-strand of ribC gene operon, therefore can be produced economic riboflavin from this bacterium that is appropriate for environmental

Exfoliative toxin is Staphylococcus aureus various factors that can caused colonization and virulance. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of several antibiotic resistant genes on exfoliative B-encoding plasmids in S. aureus infected skin specimens. 100 wound samples collected from Tehran Hospitals. Bacteria were identified by standard biochemical and microbiological tests. Antibiogram test was performed for S. aureus isolates. DNA was extracted of resistance S. aureus. Presence of antibiotic resistant etb, aac, and msrA genes were identified by Muliplex-PCR. From 100 samples, 60 samples were S. aureus. Resistance to erythromycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin and linzolide was 3 (5%), 1 (2%), 1 (2%), 1 (2%) and 0 (0%) respectively. Frequency of msrA, aac and etb genes were 29 (48.3%), 45 (75%) and 37 (61.7%) respectively. Frequency for simultaneously presence of the etb / aac, etb / msrA, msrA / aac and msrA / aac / etb gene were 28 (46.6%), 22 (36.6%), 22 (36.6%) and 18 (30%) strains. . In this study, etb gene was indicated in most strains. As also, investigation of virulence genes in S. aureus skin infection samples showed frequency of resistance pathogen genes were increased.