fatemeh gholamian

 Premenstrual syndrome, by affecting different aspects of women's lives, needs to be controlled. Due to the lack of knowledge of the exact cause of this syndrome, several treatments have been proposed for it. One of the treatment methods is the use of aromatherapy, The present study was performed with aim to determine the effect of aromatherapy with geranium essential oil on premenstrual syndrome in students.

This clinical trial study was conducted in 2020 on 80 students with premenstrual syndrome in Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. The subjects were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. For the intervention group (5 days before menstruation), geranium essential oil and in the control group, a placebo (odorless sweet almond oil) was used. After two consecutive menstrual cycles, the post-test questionnaire was completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 22) and chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was no significant difference between the mean scores of the dimensions and the total score of the premenstrual syndrome questionnaire in the two intervention and control groups before the implementation of aromatherapy (p>0.05), while after the implementation of aromatherapy, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the dimensions and the total score between the two groups, so that the intensity of the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome significantly decreased in the aromatherapy group (p<0.05).

Aromatherapy with geranium essential oil is effective in reducing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and its use is recommended as a complementary, cheap, non-invasive treatment with few side effects.

Iran's forest and rangeland ecosystems are changing or being disturbed under the influence of climate change and human factors. Meanwhile, desert and arid ecosystems are very fragile. The direct effects of misuse or destruction of the ecosystem are more on plants than on other components. Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem belongs to Bignoniaceae. This tree grows naturally in alluvial lands and seasonal riversides as small stands and individual trees in Bushehr, Fars, Khuzestan, Hormozgan, Kerman, Sistan, and Balochistan provinces. It grows in areas with altitudes ranging from 10m (Bushehr province) to 1594 m (Esfandegheh Jiroft) above sea level. Our study showed that there was no living individual in Khuzestan province, and it was distributed in 13 habitats in Bushehr province. Tecomella undulata habitats were affected by extensive grazing, prohibited cutting, death, and land-use change, which are the big threats to this tree. This species produces seeds rarely; therefore, seedling-based regeneration was not observed. Root-shoots-based regeneration was observed in the habitats. Protection, restoration, and development, the establishment of germplasm, seedling production afforestation, and green space development by using T. undulata are recommended. Further research on seedling production by sexual and non-sexual methods is suggested.

820 km north of the Persian Gulf is often rocky, coral and sedimentary, suitable for deploying diverse groups of marine plants, including microalgae, macroalgae and Tracheophyta and is adjacent to 7 out of the total 10 counties in Bushehr province. The Marin plants are economically important not only as feed and fodder, but also are medicinally, industrially and pharmaceutically important. Sampling of coastal marine plants, from the vegetative to reproductive stages, was carried out for five years and seasonally. The collected samples of seagrasses and seaweeds were preserve in a 4% Formalin-seawater solution in glass containers and from the rest of the collected samples was made dry herbarium specimens. Identification of vascular plants, microalgae and macroalgae was done based on morphological (vegetative and reproductive) characters using different sources. In this study, a total of 45 families of marine plants were identified. The identified samples included 40 macroalgae families with 146 species of 71 genus, 2 microalgae families with 4 species of 4 genus and 3 families belonging to vascular plants (tracheophyta) with 3 species and 3 genus. Among the identified macroalgae, green macroalgae with 34 species had the lowest and red macroalgae with 73 species had the highest species richness. Maximum and minimum species diversity belonged to Sargaceae family with 23 species and Cladophoraceae family with 12 species. Overall, the aim of this project was to study marine floristic and coherent reference writing of marine plants grown on the tidal zones of Bushehr province coasts.

Marine green macroalgae are very important ecologically and strategically, especially in pharmaceuticals, food industries, agriculture, and phycoremediation. The natural habitat of green macroalgae in the coastal tide zones of Bushehr province is rocky and coral, and the most important reason is that macroalgae need a stable place to grow. Because of this, the macroalgae are not able to grow on sandy beaches. However, in parts of the sandy beaches pebbled to break waves, a small number of green macroalgae species have grown sparsely. The lack of a written reference on the diversity of species of green macroalgae growing in coastal tide zones of Bushehr province led to the collection of green seaweed species from seven counties adjacent to the coastline since 1996. The species diversity of 34 identified species of Chlorophyta in Deylam, Genaveh, Bushehr, Tangestan, Dayyer, Kangan, and Asaluyeh counties is 4, 7, 27, 12, 17, 13, and 15, respectively. Some of the reasons for species richness in Bushehr counties compared to other counties can be attributed to the greater area of rocky and coral habitats and the existence of a stable bed for its rhizoids attachment and growth of green macroalgae. The reasons for decreased species richness of green macroalgae in Deylam and Genaveh counties can be attributed to pollution from oil facilities of Imam Hassan and other facilities adjacent to Bushehr province, the entry of part of urban and industrial wastewater to the coast, and also sandy coasts.

Acacia albida Delile naturally grows on the outskirts of Razm Abad village, Dashti city, Bushehr province. This species is a hardy drought-resistant tree with abundant ecological and economic potential. The forest is under threat of degradation because of its close distance to the village. This research has been carried out to identify the habitat, the causes of degradation, the possibility of seed production for future propagation, and the necessity to protect it. The forest of this species can be categorized into three forms including dense, semi-dense, and scattered form. The reproduction of this species through seeds was scarce, but coppice seedlings were found in this area. In terms of phenology, A. albida lost its leaves in July, reproduced leaves in November, and produced flowers in March. Due to the late cold in March, flowers were destroyed and fruits were not formed during this work. Deforestation of Acacia habitat for agricultural and horticultural, livestock grazing, consecutive droughts, cutting down and uprooting trees, digging agricultural wells in the vicinity of the habitat, and herbal pests are essential and serious factors of threat and destruction of this habitat. Lowering the underground water level and water out of the reach of trees and reduction of flood-water in the Sana seasonal river are other important threats of forest degradation. Protecting, forestry, using floodwater of the Sana seasonal river, and continuous monitoring and enriching the forest can help sustain and rehabilitate this valuable natural forest. It is, also, recommended to do more research on the reasons for the lack of this species in other parts of southern Iran. To study the process of forest sequence, seed and seedling production and afforestation is suggested.

Prosopis cineraria Druce, belonging to Leguminosae family, is a native plant in Bushehr province.   The seeds and pods of this plant are severely attacked by Caryedon serratus Olivier, and it is of utmost importance since the regeneration of this plant is through seeds. The integrated pest management of C. serratus, emphasizing the bioecology, natural enemies, and seed treatment with common pesticides of Confidor, Sevin and Phosphotoxin, was investigated in Bushehr province. The average length of oviposition period, larvae, and pupa was calculated to be 6.5, 24.5 and 10.5 days, respectively. The total period of life cycle from egg to adult was 42.5 days on average, and the number of pest generations was determined to be 5 to 6 generations per year. The predators like Carabidae beetles and ants feed larvae and pest eggs, respectively. The disinfection of seeds with Phosphotoxin insecticide showed the highest larval mortality rate (92.5%). For pest management, rapid collection of seeds and transfer to the storage at the time of arrival and pods fall, as well as disinfection of seeds with Phosphotoxin in storage areas is proposed.

Today, the success of organizations is based on the strategic management of knowledge. Implementing knowledge management systems faces challenges that will cause the inefficiency of knowledge management in organizations. Hence, identification and rating the effective factors in the successful implementation of knowledge management is one of the essential requirements of knowledge management that was discussed in the current research. Currently, 7 science and technology parks and 1,400 knowledge-based companies in parks are located in Tehran. In the current research, companies located in growth centers and science and technology parks in Tehran were studied. Questionnaire was distributed among 140 knowledge-based companies that they returned 110 questionnaires. In the current research, case study methods and data collection in fieldwork were used. To measure the variables of the research, the instrument of questionnaire using the Likert method was utilized that includes three main factors of the organization, human resources and information technology and 11 criteria as follows: Objects and perspectives, leadership and strategy, knowledge management cycle, application, software, infrastructure, organizational culture and atmosphere, creating financial motivation, encouraging employee morale, benchmarking the best things and performance management. Reliability of the questionnaire, 0.78, was obtained using Cronbach's alpha. Friedman and one sample T-test and fitness of model were studied respectively using SPSS software and LISREL software. As a result, objects and perspectives of the organization can be considered as the most important criterion, and we can refer to the information technology software as the least important criterion.

In the present work, we have planned a new magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst. The obtained nanocatalyst designated as Fe3O4@SiO2@DOPisatin-Ni (II) was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDAX, VSM, AAS and TGA techniques. It was found that Fe3O4@SiO2@DOPisatin-Ni (II) successfully catalyses the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones, polyhydroquinoline and 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles in solvent free condition and PEG as a green solvent.

Family Oxalidaceae represented with the genus Oxalis L. in Iran. Here it is recorded a perennial species, O. articulata, for the genus from Iran. Already the only recorded species from the country have been O. corniculata.