fatemeh naseri

Entrepreneurship is considered to be one of the most important factors affecting the creation of job opportunities and economic growth. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which means believing in one's ability to do innovative work and the effectiveness of skills in order to start a business, is one of the most important effective dimensions in entrepreneurial behavior. Considering the importance of this matter, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and entrepreneurial self-efficacy with the mediating role of emotional creativity.

The research method was a descriptive correlational type. The statistical population of the research was formed by the students of Mashhad Conservatories in the academic year 2021-2022, of whom 300 people were selected as research sample using the convenience sampling method. In order to collect data, the entrepreneurial self-efficacy questionnaire of De Nobel et al (1999) Indecision Intolerance Scale, Freeston et al (1994), and Averill and Thomas Knowles’s (1991) emotional creativity questionnaire were used.

The data analysis results showed a negative and significant relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, a negative and significant relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and emotional creativity, and a positive and significant relationship between emotional creativity and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Also, emotional creativity was able to significantly mediate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In fact, intolerance of uncertainty does not have a direct effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and only has an indirect effect on it.

In fact, the findings indicated that uncertainty intolerance does not have a direct effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and only has an indirect effect on it; in such a way that intolerance of uncertainty leads to an increase in entrepreneurial self-efficacy by affecting emotional creativity. In other words, people with higher emotional creativity have more self-efficacy beliefs, and this makes a person react more effectively to the challenges that may be faced especially in the early stages of business development.

Given to its favorable radionuclidic characteristics, such as tl/2 = 1.93 days and Eβ(max) = 0.71 MeV and ease of its large-scale production using medium flux research reactors, 153Sm is an attractive radionuclide for various therapeutic applications. 153Sm is a beta and gamma emitter that due to its physical and radiochemical properties is ideal for the treatment of bone metastasis. In this study, 153Sm was produced by thermal neutrons irradiation of 152Sm in the Tehran research reactor with a flux of 2.5 ×1013 n / cm2.s. A two-step electrolysis was used to separate 153Sm with separation efficiency of 88.25% from europium in lithium citrate medium by optimization of voltage (6V), electrolyte concentration (0.2 M), pH (6) and time (30 min).

Immediate intervention with minimal side effects is the most significant factor in the enhancement of wound healing. However, a majority of drugs used for this purpose are chemical-based containing various compounds, such as sulfite, which sometimes causes allergic reactions in a number of patients, or anti-inflammatory agents that cause elevated blood sugar and weight gain. Hence, many researchers look for natural compounds, such as glycoproteins, not only to reduce the side effects but also to improve the speed of healing. In this study, we have created a natural biological dressing using the combination of extracellular matrix  (ECM) derived from articular cartilage and DH5α bacterial ghost (BG). Both articular cartilage and BG contain high amounts of collagen and glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, respectively. The experimental wound on the rabbit pinna was treated by the biological dressing. Then microbial, scanning electron microscopy and microscopic analyses measured the wound healing parameters, including the number of fibroblast cells, the collagen contents, percentage of wound closure, and the number of colonies. The results confirmed ECM (OC), BG (OG) and their mixture (OGC) groups have better effects than control groups. Histological parameters, such as number of fibroblast cells and the amount of collagen fibers, represented a greater degree of wound healing in OGC group compared with OC, OG, and control groups. Our findings proved that ECM and bacterial ghost effectively increased the rate of wound healing. The mixture of ECM and BG provides a biological dressing that could be used in wound repair in the future.

As the population grows, there is further need to food, and fish is not an exception. Several fish species are potential sources of common parasites between humans and fish. One of the important diseases common between human and fish is Anisakiasis. The parasitic agent of this disease is the larval stage of the Anisakid family nematodes, including Pseudoterranova and Anisakis.

In this study, Epinephelus fish, one of the edible and commercial valuable fishes of the Oman Sea, was examined for the presence of nematodes of the Anizakidae family.

Fifteen out of the 26 specimens were infected with Nematodes. Nematodes were isolated from fish abdominal area. For morphological study, each nematode sample was first clarified with lactophenol. Subsequently, it was examined using an optical microscope. After morphological examination of these nematodes, DNA extraction was performed. Using primers related to a part of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1), PCR products were 710 bp for PCR reaction. Finally, the amplified fragment was sequenced.

The larvae were about 1 to 3 cm long, white, and often twisted. At the anterior end of the parasite, a button was seen, and in some larvae, a terminal spine was observed. In certain larvae, a small abdomen at the end of the esophagus can be seen. Out of the obtained 26 nematode specimens, eight Anisakis specimens were identified following morphological analysis. These specimens had terminal spines and three anterior lips. After sequencing, Pseudoterranova nematode was identified to belong to aniakidae family. Separate clad tree showed paraphylitic for isolated Pseudoterranova.

Morphological examination categorized isolated larvae as the Anizakidae family. Other molecular results of this nematode showed Pseudoterranova krabbei. The results of sequencing this parasite were recorded in the gene bank under the Accession number: MK317965. This nematode was initially isolated from the Oman Sea Epinephelus fish.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of qualifications of librarians and the level of user satisfaction of libraries of public universities in Tehran.

 In terms of purpose, this research is an applied research that belongs to the category of descriptive correlational research. In order to assess the competence of librarians, a prefabricated questionnaire containing 31 questions was used. User satisfaction was also assessed with a researcher-made questionnaire containing 28 questions   The statistical population of the study consisted of librarians and users of libraries of public universities in Tehran. Librarians' competency and library satisfaction questionnaires were distributed among 60 librarians and 60 users selected by sequential integrated sampling. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and percentage) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test) were used to analyze the data. 25 SPSS software was used to analyze the data.

The findings of this study indicate that there is a positive, weak and significant relationship between librarians' managerial competencies and job satisfaction, librarians' information retrieval competencies and user satisfaction, as well as a positive, weak and significant relationship between librarians' communication competencies and user satisfaction. It becomes. Unlike the above competencies, which have a weak relationship with user satisfaction with the library, information technology competence has a positive, meaningful and strong relationship with user satisfaction with the library. In general, the results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between librarians' competencies and user satisfaction with the library. In other words, as the librarian's qualifications increase, so does the user's satisfaction with the library.

In expressing the originality and value of this research, it can be said that there is a significant and positive relationship between user satisfaction with the library and the competencies of librarians. In other words, that there is a direct relationship between these two variables, with increasing the level of competence of librarians, the level of user satisfaction with the library increases and vice versa.

 In the library, which is a service organization, librarians have a special place. The present study was conducted to investigate the qualifications of university library librarians.

 The present study is a descriptive-survey research. Data were collected by a questionnaire. Librarians of academic libraries of state universities in Tehran formed the statistical population of this study. For sampling, sequential integrated sampling method was used and 60 questionnaires were distributed among the librarians. Descriptive statistics (mean and frequency) were used to answer the questions. SPSS software was used for descriptive analysis of data.

 Results showed that managerial competencies with an average (3.4) are moderate, information retrieval competencies with an average of (4.16) in good level. Information technology competencies with an average (3.02) in average condition, research competencies with average (1.17) in very bad level, communication competencies with average (3.87) in average level, and individual and moral competencies with average (3.48) in mediocre are placed.

 In general, it can be argued that librarians' qualifications are in the average position with an average of 3.18. There is a need for officials and trustees to upgrade and improve the qualifications of librarians by holding various courses.

User satisfaction in most organizations is the main component of its dynamics. This is doubly important in university libraries that meet the information needs of students and faculty. The purpose of this study is to achieve the level of user satisfaction with Academic libraries.

In terms of purpose, the present study is in the category of applied research and in terms of data collection method is in the category of library and descriptive-survey research. Data were collected by a questionnaire. Users of academic libraries of state universities in Tehran formed the statistical population of this study. For sampling, sequential integrated sampling method was used and 60 questionnaires were distributed among users. Descriptive statistics (mean and frequency) were used to answer the questions. SPSS software was used for descriptive analysis of data.

The findings showed that users are very little satisfied with the library resources. Users are also little satisfied with library buildings and equipment, library librarians, and library services. The findings also showed that there is a significant difference between the current situation and the desired situation of user satisfaction with resources, buildings and equipment, librarians, and academic library services

In general, it can be argued that users are little satisfied with the academic library of state universities. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive change in order to upgrade and improve the condition of academic libraries. It seems that there is a significant difference between the current situation and the desired situation of user satisfaction with academic libraries in Tehran.

The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of irrigation regime on the Celtis caucasica seedlings growth in the Karaj, Hamedan, Khorramabad, and Shiraz provenance.

After collecting seeds were planted to study the effect of irrigation treatments and seed provenance, seeds in the pot. All the pots had the same conditions before all the seeds, were germinated. Subsequently, were treated to four irrigation treatments including control, 3-days, 5-days and 8- days in three replicates of 30 seedlings for six months from early June to late November. The seedlings height, the collar diameter, the leaf area, the root length, the stem length, and seedling survival percentage at the end of the growing season, were measured.

Tukey test results showed that the effect of seed provenance on all measured traits was significant (p <0.05). Irrigation treatments significantly affected seedling height, collar diameter and leaf area (p <0.05). On average, the highest amount of parameters measured at the Karaj provenance while the lowest was in Hamadan provenance. Commonly, the survival seedlings in all irrigation regimes were 70% but the highest survival rate related to control treatment. The highest seedling growth was observed in control treatment, while the least in 5-days and 8-days treatment, was observed. It is recommended to use Karaj Seeds for afforestation in Karaj.

It is suggested to apply an 8-days irrigation period for reducing the seedlings production cost in the nursery.

Nowadays, use of ecosystem health indicators, such as aquatic invertebrates, fishes and birds, has received growing attention to quickly assess of ecosystem health due to their properties such as saves time, energy and costs. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the correlation among presence and density of the Cinclus cinclus and physico-chemical parameters of some riverine systems of Tehran and Hamedan provinces in 2015. In so doing, presence points and the number of individual birds were detected by direct observation and/or finding its signs and tracks along riversides. Then, some physicochemical properties of water (i.e. temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and pH) and richness and abundance of macrobenthos were investigated in the presence points of dipper. Also, all statistical analyses were performed using the Minitab and STATISTICA statistical software's. Based on the results of ordinal regression analysis and AIC, significant correlations were found between electrical conductivity, macrobenthos abundances as well as water temperature and the presence and density of the dipper. Therefore, it seems that our results revealed a good relationship between the presence and the density of the dipper and water quality in the studied riverine systems.

Since academic motivation is one of the most important factors in learners’ academic achievement, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of motivational beliefs (future orientation, task value and self-efficacy) on demotivation, academic achievement and academic burnout in students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
This descriptive correlational study was performed on undergraduate students of FUM and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2015-16 academic year. A number of 370 students were selected by convenience sampling method (220 from FUM and 150 from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences). Data gathering tools were General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Valrand’s Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), Maslach academic burnout (MBI-SS) and future orientation and task value PISA 2006 questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess validity. Results showed that the questionnaire has an acceptable fit. GPA was used to measure academic achievement. Data were analyzed using path analysis.
Results showed that future orientation (p Reinforcing motivation and motivational beliefs (future orientation, task value and self-efficacy) can enhance academic achievement and reduce the level of academic burnout.

Inappropriate use of antibiotic, leads to microbial resistance, nosocomial infections and increased hospital costs. Therefore, it is necessary to control and evaluate the use of these medications, especially broad-spectrum antibiotics. This study evaluated the pattern of meropenem utilization in Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
First, a guideline for proper indications of meropenem was designed and finalized based on the clinical pharmacists and infectious disease specialist’s comments. One hundred patients were chosen randomly from different wards of the hospital and their data were recorded in predesigned questionnaires. Then, the pattern of meropenem consumption was analyzed according to the guideline.
This study was performed in 100 patients, including 48 women and 52 men. In 13 cases (13%), patients had no approved indication for meropenem. The initial regimens were changed in 6 cases (6%) based on culture results and in 73 cases (73%) relied on clinical response. In 64 cases (64%), administrated doses were compatible with prepared guideline. Renal dose adjustment was acceptable based on guideline only in 30% of patients with renal impairment (30 patients out of 100). Hyper-sensitivity reaction, one of the adverse reactions of meropenem, was seen in 1 patient (1%).
According to the results, considerable errors occurred in meropenem administration and dosing. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement a localized guideline for meropenem consumption in Imam Reza hospital of Mashhad, Iran.

Bivalves are the second largest class of moluscs that have been abundantly successful in different habitats of marine and fresh water, from the cold circumpolar seas to tropical waters and from shallow shores to abyssal depths. Molecular phylogenetic comparative studies can help in tracing the historical evolution of the gene alive and evaluate them. In this research species of pearl wing oyster were collected to document gene sequence from Chabahar bay subtidal zone in 2013. The nucleotide sequence of COΙ determined. Species sequence in this study compared with the sequence of 18 species from GenBank belonging to the two genera of the family Pteriidae. Phylogenetic relationships analyzed by Maximum Liklihood. The result shows monophyly between the two genera and closest species to Iranian sampleis Pteria loveni that supported with almost moderate bootstrap (71%). This is the first report of Pteria loveni species from south coast of Iran.

Aim and White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection has resulted in severe production and economic losses in shrimp culture globally. The first time the white spot disease (WSD) was reported in Iran was in 2004 and 2008, respectively in Bushehr Province. In Sistan and Balochestan province only the WSD was reported in 2008. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most pathogenic among the penaeid shrimp viruses. WSSV DNA samples for PCR test were prepared from diseased shrimp. Specific PCR primers were used for the amplification of VP28 gene in WSSV. VP28 gene of DNA isolate of WSSV was amplified by PCR and the PCR product was sequenced. The results were submitted to GenBank (KF723558). The nucleotide sequence (KF723558) was compared with the VP28 gene sequences in the GenBank database (NCBI). 36 sequences showed significant alignments with 99% homology which include the sequences from Korea, Japan, US, Indonesia, China, Vietnam, Taiwan, the Netherlands and Thailand. However, the homology was not observed 100% in the sequences.

The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between rat intestine decellularized scaffold and human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells. Rat large intestine was dissected in fragments and decellularized by physicochemical methods. The scaffolds were loaded by human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells expressing green fluorescent protein. Microscopic sections were prepared from the scaffolds after two weeks of culture with stem cells and studied by histological methods. The interactions of scaffolds with MSCs were also studied by electron microscopy. Histological and electron microscopy studies revealed human mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, migration, division and maintenance during the 14 days of culture in vitro. According to the results, scaffolds prepared from rat intestine matrix could be a suitable scaffold for studying in vitro cell behaviors such as division, migration and attachment. These various behaviors of cultured cells might be due to inductive effects of the extracellular matrix derived scaffold. However, more investigations are required to discover the exact effects of this scaffold and its interactions with mesenchymal stem cells.

Many soil microorganisms are ale to solve unavailable phosphorus through metabolic activity and secretion of organic acids. This study was aimed to isolate tricalcium phosphate active solubilizing bacteria from wheat and barley farms in Marvdasht Plain. Materials &

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 barley and 50 wheat farms in Marvdasht Plain. The soil samples were enriched in NRIP media containing 10 percent tricalcium phosphate. The tricalcium phosphate solubilizing bacteria which produced halos on media were determined through biochemical tests, PCR and sequencing techniques. The activity of two active bacteria isolated from wheat and barley farms were analysed by HPLC method in order to investigate the production of secreted organic acids.

Overall 9 (18%) and 6 (12%) of the tricalcium phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated from the wheat and barley farms located at Marvdasht, respectively. The HPLC analysis showed that the microorganisms isolated from barely and wheats farms produce 4 and 3 respectively, different low molecular weight acids.

Since most of the tricalcium phosphate active solubilizing bacteria were isolated from the barely farms, these bacteria can be found in the soils in which less Phosphorus fertilizers were used. Screening of these bacteria in different farms and their identification can be useful in the production of biologic fertilizers and growth of plants in that area.

This prospective study was performed to identify whether the early use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (n CPAP) would reduce the rate of endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation and surfactant administration.

This study was conducted from June 2009 to September 2010 in the Shahid Beheshti University Hospital, Isfahan-Iran. A total of 72 preterm infants with 25-30 weeks gestation who needed respiratory support at 5 min after birth entered the study. Infants were randomly assigned to the very early CPAP (initiated 5 min after birth) or to the late CPAP (initiated 30 min after birth) treatment groups. The primary outcomes were need for intubation and mechanical ventilation during the first 48 h after birth and secondary outcomes were death, pneumothorax, intraventricular hemorrhage, duration of mechanical ventilation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to mortality rate, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and patent ductus arteriosus. The need for surfactant administration was significantly reduced in the early CPAP group (P = 0.04). Infants in the early CPAP group less frequently required intubation and mechanical ventilation.

Early n CPAP is more effective than late n CPAP for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. In addition, the early use of n CPAP would reduce the need for some invasive procedures such as intubation and mechanical ventilation.

Structural properties, energies behavior and NBO analysis was performed for1-5 prototrophic shift endinel boran where substitutions like H, CH3 and CF3 that were placed on Benzene were investigated by using DFT-B3LYP/6-311** level of theory. The Results show that, -BH2 shift doesn’t take place and a kind of [1,3] shift for borotrophic occured. In prototrophic shift, however, [1,5] transition easily happened. The Results of calculations using B3LYP, HF and MP2 [basic seyies 6-311**] show that Ea for CF3 substitutionis is lower than H substitution; also, this amount of activation energy for CH3 was lower than CF3. But for prototrophic shift, activation energy changes, as will be shown in the following CF3, H and CH3 tables. Finally, prototrophic shift activation energy in proportion to that of borotrophic shift is higher. Lower amount of activation energy in bortorphic shift show that rotation of bore on the cycle can happen in the ambient temperature.

Introduction. There are scarce data on estimating the time of completing kidney maturation in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. The aim of this study was to determine whether different aspects of kidney function differ between VLBW infants and normal babies at 18 to 30 months postconceptional age.Materials and Methods. This study was carried on 23 VLBW infants and 21 normal-birth-weight infants at 18 to 30 months corrected postconceptional age, who were born between June 2007 and June 2008 at Alzahra Hospital and Shahid Beheshti Hospital, in Isfahan, Iran. Very low birth weight was defined as a birth weight between 1000 g and 1500 g, while gestational age is less than 32 weeks. In both groups, children with a history of sepsis, asphyxia, intubation, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and pyelonephritis were excluded.Results. The mean of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure were not significantly different between the two groups. Urine calcium-creatinine ratio, fraction excretion of magnesium, and renal threshold for phosphate were significantly higher in the VLBW children compared with the control group. Glomerular filtration rate was higher in the control group than in the VLBW group.Conclusions. Our results demonstrated that in VLBW children at the corrected age of 24 ± 6 months, some aspects of tubular and glomerular functions are still impaired. Longer longitudinal cohort studies on VLBW are required to determine the time of completing kidney function maturation in these children.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease that affects vascularization in the eyes of premature infants and can proceed to new blood vessel formation.In this study we investigate the frequency of ROP in premature infants referred from Shahid Beheshti and Alzahra hospitals to an Ophthalmology Clinic. This is a cross-sectional study in which we evaluated data of 200 infants who were referred from two major hospitals of Isfahan, 100 infants from Shahid Beheshti and 100 infants from Al-zahra hospitals with birth weight less than 1800 g, and gestational age less than 34 weeks. The frequency of ROP and the correlation between gestational age, birth weight and duration of oxygen therapy with ROP were evaluated by Student t-test and χ2 test. We found that of 100 infants of Al-zahra hospital, 29% and of 100 infants of Shahid Beheshti 42% showed different stages of ROP, from which 38% of first group and 19% of later group needed laser therapy. The frequency of ROP in infants who received oxygen therapy more than 30 days was higher than those with oxygen therapy less than 10 days. In relation with different concepts about oxygen therapy, it seems that different period of oxygen supplementary can be the possible cause of different range of ROP occurrences.

As an inherited neurodegenerative disease, Huntington's disease is accompanied with wide neuronal degeneration in neostriatum and neocortex. Progress of the disease causes disabling clinical effects on movements, recognition and physiology of the body, and finally results in death. At this stage of knowledge we are, there is no effective therapeutic strategy for diminishing the motor disorders of Huntington's disease. In recent years, cellular transplantation has been an effective therapeutic method for neurodegenerative disease. In this paper, the effects of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells were assessed in animal model of Huntington disease. After causing ipsilateral lesion in striatum with Quinolinic acid, bone marrowe derived mesenchymal stem cells which had been isolated and purified from 4-6 weeks old rats, transplanted into damage striatum. The efficiency of cellular transplantation for improvement of motor disorder was assessed by cylinder test and Apomorphin induced rotation tests, during eight weeks after engraftment. Results show significant improvement (p ≤ 0.0001) in motor disorders and striatal atrophy percent. Conclision: According to results of this assay, cell therapy by means of bone marrow derived adult stem cells promises for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Huntington's disease.