فهرست مطالب h. daneshmandi

Spinal cord injury causes a huge social and economic burden on the society. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of selected program of walking with support on a treadmill and eye exercises on the energy consumption, self-confidence and quality of life factors of paraplegic spinal cord injury patients.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with targeted and available sampling method. The study population consisted of all spinal cord injury patients with incomplete paraplegia (C-D) referring to Hana charity center in Isfahan province, of which 30 people were selected in a targeted and accessible way. The sample group was randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, the experimental group with an average age of 34.40 ± 2.87 years and the control group with an average age of 33.93±3.34 years. The experimental group participated in 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week, in training sessions that started from 45 and reached 90 minutes in the last sessions. The collection tools in this research were: Energy Consumption Index, Eyseng Self-Confidence and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

The results of repeated measure analysis of variance showed that 12 weeks of the selected program of walking with support on the treadmill and eye exercises had a significant effect on the energy consumption test with mean of 1.52±0.88, (p=0.002, Eta=0.28, F=59.28), self-confidence Test with mean of 12.00±  4.10 (p = 0.001, Eta= 0.68,  F= 63.11) and quality of life factors with mean of 48.76± 12.70 (p = 0.001, U= 25.00) of paraplegic spinal cord injury patients.

12 weeks of a selected program of walking with support on a treadmill and eye exercises have positive and significant effects on the energy consumption, self-confidence and quality of life factors of paraplegic spinal cord injury patients. Therefore,so it is suggested that these exercises improve the physical and mental condition of spinal cord injury patients. Paraplegia should be used in medical centers.

Studies have demonstrated that physical activities highly promote physical, mental and social health of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Numerous factors are involved in the lack of participation of this population in physical activities. The goal of this study was to investigate the family barriers to participation of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in physical activities. This descriptive research had an ex-post facto design. The statistical sample comprised 370 Iranian children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, from both genders, aged 8 to 20 who were selected via cluster sampling method. The research instrument included a researcher-made questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha of 0.985. Data were analyzed using SPSS23 and Smart PLS3. The results showed that family factors are the barriers to participation of children and adolescents with autism spectrum in physical activities. The component “parents prefer their children to focus more on their school responsibilities instead of physical activity participation.” was reported as the most important barrier and the component "Physical activity takes a lot time from my child and he/she cannot do other family responsibilities and daily activities." was reported as the least important barrier. Due to the significant role of family in children’s physical activity participation, it is suggested that in order to promote the physical activity levels in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, family barriers be considered and strategies be planned to overcome them.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of cross-training on the intensity of electrical activities and the functional quality of the muscles of athletes with anterior cruciate ligament injury during walking.

This semi-experimental study utilized a pre-test/post-test design. The statistical population included the athletes from Qeshm Island and Bandar Abbas City (football and volleyball), who had at least six months since their anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In this research, there were 30 participants who were divided into two training groups and a control group. The average age of the training group was 24.15 ± 7.89 and the control group was 24.97 ± 7.18 years. The electrical activity of the muscles was measured by an electromyography device in two phases, 100 milliseconds before (in the swing phase) and 200 milliseconds after the contact of the foot with the ground (in the stance phase). Also, the force plate device was used to measure the functional quality of the muscles. Ground reaction force; GRF and center of pressure; COP fluctuations were measured from the time of foot contact with the ground to 200 milliseconds after contact (in the stance phase), before and after cross training. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 25 and Repeated Measures ANOVA.

In the swing phase (100 milliseconds before the heel strike), the electromyography data of the research showed that after a period of cross training, the electrical activity of all the selected muscles increased, but this increase was significant in the tibialis anterior(from 45.18 to 48.31 microvolts) (p=0.009), rectus femoris (from 38.54 to 40.17 microvolts) (p=0.004), and gluteus medius (from 29.18 to 33.50 microvolts) (p=0.005). Also, the results of examining the electrical activity of the muscles in the stance phase (200 milliseconds after the heel strike), showed that the intensity of the electrical activity of all muscles increased after a period of cross training, but this increase was significant,  in the anterior tibial (from 09 44.56 to 49.5 microV) (p=0.001), vastus medialis(from 48.00 to 56.58 microV) (p=0.004), rectus femoris (from 45.18 to 48.31 microV) (p=0.02), biceps femoris (from 40.54 to 48.74 μV) (p=0.007) and gluteus medius (from 34.09 to 39.17 μV) (p=0.01). The results of the data related to moror control, (including the components of the ground reaction force and the fluctuations of the center of pressure from the time of the heel strike to 200 milliseconds later) after a period of cross training, a significant reduction has been shown in the vertical components (from 16 123.75 to 113.75 percent of weight in kilograms) (p=0.001), and the posterior component of the ground reaction force (from 23.12 to 19.15 percent of weight in kilograms) (p=0.002), and also in the fluctuations of the pressure center in the lateral direction (from 1.39 to 1.18 mm/s) (p=0.004) and the anterior direction (from 1.32 to 1.52 mm/s) (p=0.001).

Cross- training has been able to create changes in the injured leg through positive neuroplasticity in the motor cortex of the brain, which not only increases muscle activity, but also improves the quality and control of movement. It is suggested for sports injury and rehabilitation specialists to positively transfer the quality of movement to the injured leg It is suggested for sports injury and rehabilitation specialists to positively transfer the quality of movement to the injured leg. These exercises can be used to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury and also in the initial time after the injury )when the person is unable to move the injured leg( or even after months of the injury.

Postural deformities are more common in individuals with visual impairments than people with normal vision. The aim of the present study was to review the studies which have investigated the postural deformities and the effects of training programs in visually impaired individuals.

Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar Databases for articles published in English language and Medlib, Sid, Noormags, Magiran, and Google scholar for articles published in Persian language as well as the reference lists of the relevant articles were systematically searched. Articles published in English language were searched using combinations of the following keyword groups: (1) posture, mal-alignment, body deformity; and (2) blindness, visual impairment; and (3) corrective exercise and training. The “AND” operator was used between the 2 or the 3 keyword groups, while the “OR” operator was used within each keyword group. The search period covered years from January 2000 to August 2022. The studies having assessed the postural deformities in visually impaired individuals or having investigated the training programs effects on these deformities were included in the study.

Twenty studies regarding the assessment of posture in individuals with visual impairments and nine studies regarding the effects of training programs on posture of these individuals matched the inclusion criteria of this systematic review. The results of reviewed studies supported the hypothesis that the postural deformities are more common in visually impaired individuals than people with normal vision. The postural deformities in head and neck, shoulder girdle, vertebral column, and lower extremities are usually observed in people with blindness or low vision. The results also showed that training programs could have a positive effect on the postural mal-alignments of this population.

The present review indicates that postural deformities (head and neck, shoulder girdle, vertebral column, and lower extremities deformities) are more common in visually impaired people than people without vision impairments. The results also shows the positive effects of training programs on the postural deformities of this population. Nevertheless, more research are needed to be done by employing more precise investigation tools, control group, longer training programs, and a larger sample size consisting of subjects that are all of the same age range, gender, vision impairment levels and onset, and daily physical activity levels.

Intervention mapping is a method used to design evidence-based health intervention programs. The purpose of this review article is to review the scientific resources in order to investigate the role of intervention mapping in the design of health promotion interventions.

In order to conduct the present review research, the search was performed in two ways. First, a search was performed on the intervention mapping database (www.interventionmapping. com/references) with the terms sports injuries, injuries, physical activity, overweight, fitness, and rehabilitation. This database contains published articles that have used intervention mapping. All titles containing the above words were reviewed. Next, the search was done through electronic search engines in the PubMed database. Intervention mapping AND (physical activity OR sports injuries OR injuries OR overweight OR fitness OR rehabilitation) was used to search. In addition, to search for Persian articles, the National Magazines Database (MAGIRAN), the Scientific Information Database (SID), and the Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC) were used.

According to the inclusion criteria, 34 articles were reviewed in this study. Of these, 16 papers completed all six stages of intervention mapping and 18 papers completed steps 1 to 4 or 1 to 5. 27 articles designed interventions to promote physical activity and prevent obesity, and 7 articles designed programs for the prevention of sports injuries and the management of orthopedic problems.

It seems that Intervention mapping has been used successfully in the design, implementation and evaluation of interventions and may increase the use of preventive programs. This study showed that interventions designed in this way have generally achieved their goals. Therefore, it can be recommended that researchers in the field of health promotion, use intervention mapping to design interventions.

Muscle imbalance and its amount and extent among opposing muscle groups is one of the important risk factors in causing musculoskeletal injuries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the extent and rate of strength imbalances among opposing muscle groups of elite athletes.

To conduct the present review, the search history was searched through electronic search engines over the past two decades (2000 to 2020) at PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords "Muscle", "Imbalance", "Athletics", "Muscle Imbalance", "Muscle Strength", "Rate", " Elite" are used for the search, along with related synonyms. Also, to search for Persian articles, the Iranian Magazines Database (MAGIRAN), the University Jihad Scientific Database (SID), the Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC), the Iranian Medical Sciences Information Database (IRANMEDEX) and the Iranian Medical Library (MEDLIB) were used. Selected articles were obtained by considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the research.

Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the present study, 28 articles (including 26 English articles and 2 Persian articles) were selected. The findings showed that in the knee joint, the ratio of opposite muscle imbalance (agonist / antagonist), for hamstring muscles to quadriceps (H: Q) were 63.2% and 61.8% respectively. These values ​​in the hip joint for abductor to adductor muscles (ABD: ADD) were 89.2% and 75.4% respectively. Mean of these values ​​in the ankle joint for dorsiflexor to plantarflexor muscles (DR: PL) were 35.3% and 35.6% respectively. The mean these values for inverter to aviator (I: E) muscles were 83.5% and 77.8% respectively. These values ​​in the shoulder joint for flexor to extensor muscles (FL: EX) respectively; were 76.8% and 72.8%. For external to internal retinal muscles (ER: IR) respectively; were 63.8% and 70.5%. The mean of these values ​​in the elbow joint for extensor to flexor muscles (EX: FL) respectively; were 92.3% and 91.6%. The mean of these values ​​in the scapular joint for the scapular to proximal scapular muscles (RT: PR) respectively; were 88.1% and 77%.

The results showed that in the evaluation of muscle imbalance in different groups in the upper and lower limb of elite athletes, certain relative values can be considered as quantitative and reference values. This reference is used to find out if the differences in muscle strength are such that they are considered muscle imbalance. Also, in assessing muscle strength imbalance, application of the isokinetic assessment method with the technique of 60 degrees per second is more beneficial. To conduct future studies in the field of muscle imbalance assessment, researchers recommend that in addition to strength imbalance, other aspects of muscle imbalance such as muscle length, flexibility, joint range of motion, muscular endurance, and structural profile of elite athletes should be considered.

Movement is considered a system that is made up of several elements, each of which has a relatively unique basic function necessary for the production and regulation of movement. Sometimes, repetitive movement and sustained postures causes to move away from the normal state. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between scapular movement impairment and shoulder girdle strength and range of motion in professional male volleyball players.

120 men volleyball players (mean ± SD, age: 23.25±3.23 years, weight: 88.11±8.14 kg and height: 192.78±8.63cm) participated in this study. Participants classified according to the obvious scapular movement impairment during scapular dyskinesis test and Kibler shoulder lateral slip test. For measure the strength and range of motion handheld power meter and goniometer were used respectively. Scapulohumeral rhythm used to measure with inclinometer. Shapiro- Wilk test was used to check the data normality. Pearson correlation (p<0.05) was used to analyze data.

The results showed, there was a significant relationship between movement impairment and range of motion of the shoulder extension (p=0.001), (r=-0.752), Internal rotation (p=0.003), (r=-0.554), strength scapula downward rotation (p=0.003), (r=-0.482), elevation (p= 0.029), (r = 0.286) and  Depression (p=0.003), (r=0.460) Scaption (p=0.003),(r =0.137), scapula protraction (p=0.001), (r=0.534), and retraction (p=0.002), (r=-0.649) and scapulohumeral rhythm 0°, 90°, 135°(p= 0.001), (r=0.583, 0.581, 0.583) and 45° (p=0.003), (r=0.580). However, there was no significant relationship between movement impairment, rang of motion of the shoulder flexion, external rotaion, adduction and abduction, strength of the shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, and horizontal adduction. (p>0.05)

According to the results pattern of repetitive movement in the sport of volleyball, in long duration may disturb the balance of natural ratio of strength, range of motion and scapulohumeral rhythm in the shoulder girdle and scapula reign.

Low back pain is one of the major costly health problems in many developed and developing countries which has many economic and social impacts. The aim of this study was to review the effect of core stability exercises on pain and functional disability in people with non-specific chronic low back pain.

Litraturesearches were conducted from 2014 to 2020 years from databases ofScopus, Semantic Scholar, Google Scholar, Pubmed, ISC, SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Doaj using keyword including exercises, core stability, pain, functional disability, non-specific, chronic low back pain. The present study was a systematic review (PRISMA).

A total of 11 articles were selected based on the criteria for entering the study. These studies mainly examined the effect of core stability exercises on pain and functional disability in people with non-specific chronic low back pain.

It seems that core stability exercises are effective intervention in pain rehabilitation and functional disability in people with non-specific chronic low back pain.

Wheelchair basketball athletes, as a group of people with spinal cord injury, are at risk for upper cross syndrome. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a corrective exercise program based on scapular stability on upper cross syndrome in wheelchair basketball athletes.

In this semi-experimental study that was conducted in 2017-2018, 24 veteran and handicapped wheelchair basketball athletes who had spinal cord injury with upper cross syndrome in Mashhad were selected by purposive sampling method and divided into control (n=12) and case (n=12) groups. A corrective exercise program based on scapular stability were administered to the case group for 8 weeks. Camera and flexible ruler tools were used to measure forward head, rounded shoulder and kyphosis, respectively. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 23 software using independent t-test, paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey’s post hoc test.

The severity of forward head, rounded shoulder and kyphosis abnormalities was less in class 3 than in class 1 and 2. There was a significant difference between the case and control groups after training in all three forward head, rounded shoulder, and kyphosis abnormalities (p<0.05).

The corrective exercises based on scapula stability are one of the most useful training methods for restoring muscle balance and preventing and correcting abnormalities in wheelchair basketball athletes.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries that appear in back، neck and upper and lower limb mainly. This study was conducted with the objective of ergonomics assessment of the risk of MSDs in midwives working at the state hospitals of Shiraz، Iran.

In this study، 120 midwives working at the state hospitals of Shiraz were participated. Administrative and operational staffs were studied separately due to their different nature of work. The data were gathered by using demographic questionnaire، Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire (NMQ)، and REBA ergonomics assessment method.

Means of age and job tenure of study subjects were found to be 33. 41±8. 89 and 9. 31±8. 04 years، respectively. The study showed that the lower back (55. 8%)، knee (54. 2%) and upper back (49. 2%) had the highest prevalence of symptoms of disorders among midwives. The results showed a significant association between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and weight، BMI، job tenure and working hours per day (p<0. 05). The results of assessment of physical exposure to musculoskeletal risks by REBA technique showed that in 15% of the studied midwives، the level of exposure to musculoskeletal risks was in Action Level (AC) 1، and 85% in AC 2.

Musculoskeletal disorders are highly associated with weight، BMI، job tenure، and working hours per day.

Background and aims In order to physiologically fit the job to the worker’s capability, maximum aerobic capacity (VO2-max) is used. This study was conducted to estimate VO2-max and determine its associated factors among workers of industrial sector of Shiraz city. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 500 healthy male workers employed in Shiraz city industries participated voluntarily. Subjects’ aerobic capacity was assessed by ergocycle test according to Astrand protocol for 6 minutes. A questionnaire consisted of two parts covering demographic, anthropometric and physiological characteristics was used as data collecting tool. ResultsMean and standard deviation of age of workers was 32.01 and 7.66 years, respectively. Worker’s aerobic capacity was estimated to be 2.69±0.263 1.min-1. The results showed that there was association between VO2-max and age, weight and BMI while no association was found between VO2-max and height. Also, statistical analysis revealed association between VO2-max and smoking and exercise per week (P<0.05). Nature of work, shift working, job satisfaction and fatigue had no association with aerobic capacity. Based on the results, regression equations were developed for estimation of aerobic capacity. ConclusionAerobic capacity had association with age, weight, BMI, exercise and smoking.