m. dehghani

The ageing phenomenon is associated with changes in the body system that lead to disorders in the elderly. One of the changes related to ageing is the loss of balance and falls, which leads to a decrease in the necessary information about balance reaching the central nervous system. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of fall-proof exercises on resilience, welfare and the risk of falling in elderly people.

The method of the current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all the elderly people of Ardabil city, of which 30 people (15 people in the training group (age: 70.25±5.66 years, height: 175.12±10.44 cm, weight: 78.36±9.48 kg, body mass index: 98.6±15. 26 kg/m2 and cognitive status: 25.12±2.35) and 15 people of the control group (age: 69.58±7.87 years, height: 177.32±7.45 cm, weight: 77.31±7.36 kg, body mass index: 25.63±5.48 and cognitive status: 24.89±1.89)( were selected by available sampling method.The experimental group did fall-proof exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions of 50 minutes each week (which included a set of exercises (sensory-physical, vestibular, vision), posture strategies, control of the center of mass and strength exercises) performed. The tools of this research included Conner and Davidson's Resilience Questionnaire, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Yardley et al.'s Fall Risk Questionnaire. To analyze the research, a paired t-test was used for intra-group comparison and a multivariate analysis of covariance test was used to compare between-group differences.

Significant between-group differences were observed in resilience, well-being, and fear of falling (P=0.001) between the exercise and control groups. Within-group analyses revealed that resilience (P<0.001) and well-being (P<0.001) significantly increased by 31.4% and 61.7%, respectively, in the exercise group from pre-test to post-test. Additionally, fear of falling (P<0.001) significantly decreased by 38.1% in the exercise group from pre-test to post-test.

Based on the findings, fall-proof exercises significantly improved resilience, well-being, and reduced fall risk in the elderly group compared to the control group. This suggests that incorporating fall-proof exercises into rehabilitation programs for elderly individuals, both at home and in care facilities, could be a valuable strategy to promote their overall well-being and prevent falls.

Urmia Lake, with more than 51,000 Km2 area​​, is one of 6 main Iran’s catchments. Nazluchai, Shaharchai, Bazandozchai, Gadarchi, Mahabadchai and Siminehroud located in west and southwest of Urmia Lake are among the most important rivers supplying the lake. This study aims to evaluate heavy metals health risk including cadmium, lead, nickel, cobalt, arsenic and chromium in surface sediments of western and southwestern rivers of Urmia Lake, for which 22 sediment samples from depth of 0-10 cm was randomly taken and after analyzing by ICP-OES method, non-carcinogenic risk for all studied elements and carcinogenic risk for elements with definite carcinogenicity (cadmium, nickel and chromium) were calculated. According to results, the highest concentrations of nickel, cobalt and chromium were recorded in Baranduzchai and Gadarchai, the highest arsenic concentration was recorded in delta and downstream of Nazluchai and Mahabadchai and the highest cadmium concentration was recorded in Nazluchai delta and downstream of Siminehrood. In mentioned cases, heavy metals concentration is much more than the other parts. Average daily doses of studied heavy metals for children and adults were measured as follows: cadmium <lead <arsenic <cobalt <chromium <nickel. Results also showed that the highest non-carcinogenic risk for children was related to cobalt, chromium and nickel, respectively, while non-carcinogenic risk of cobalt (0.51) and chromium (0.215) is close to the threshold. The overall risk (HI) of all studied heavy metals for children is also close to threshold. Total risk of chromium and cobalt is close to the threshold in 5 and 4 samples, respectively, and in only one sample located in downstream of Baranduzchai, total risk of cobalt has exceeded threshold value. Carcinogenic risk of cadmium and nickel in studied samples does not threaten human health, while carcinogenic risk of chromium is close to threshold and consequently total carcinogenicity risk is close to threshold.

Export is a crucial driver of economic growth in various countries and significantly contributes to a country's entry into global markets and enhances economic success. In developing countries such as Iran, economic and social development programs prioritize the expansion of exports, particularly high value added agricultural products. The growth in non-oil exports, such as dried fruits, and the entry of domestic producers into new global markets have led to an increased demand for Iran's export products. This has also resulted in higher production levels, increased employment opportunities, and higher value added in the related activities. To enhance export performance, which is a crucial measure of a company's success in utilizing its resources and capabilities in the international arena over a specific period of time, it is important to focus on improving marketing strategies and specialized knowledge. Therefore, this research aims to examine the impact of marketing mix and specialized marketing knowledge on the export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) involved in exporting dried fruits in Mashhad, Iran in 2022. A total of 80 questionnaires were distributed among senior managers, board members, and business managers of dried fruits SMEs using the available sampling method. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis and test of research hypotheses. The statistical data and structural equation modeling revealed that the joint impact of marketing mix and specialized marketing knowledge has a positive and significant influence on export performance. In order to improve the company's profitability, it is essential for senior managers and sales managers to recognize the significance of these two factors and undergo relevant training to acquire the necessary skills. Moreover, managers should make effective use of appropriate distribution channels to expand their exports. Simultaneously, they should consider adapting product quality and packaging to align with the preferences of foreign buyers.

CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs) are a group of T lymphocytes that play an important role in regulating immune system responses by suppressing the activity of other T cells and establishing homeostasis in the immune system. be. Th1 and Th2 cells are another group of CD4+ cells that play an important role in the formation of inflammatory responses. Considering the important role of Treg, Th1 and Th2 cells in immune responses in patients with lymphoma, the present study investigated the frequency of Treg/Th1 and Treg/Th2 lymphocytes in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients who were in different phases of the disease (new patients, patients in recovery phase and patients in the relapse phase) and their relationship with disease prognosis.

In the present cross-sectional descriptive study, 47 Hodgkin's lymphoma patients including 10 new cases, 24 remission cases and 13 relapsed cases were included in the study. Due to the limited number of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma, all eligible patients who referred to the hematology and oncology department of Shahid Motahari Clinic and Amir Hospital between 2019 and 2017 were included in the study. The frequency of Treg, Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in peripheral blood was measured with the help of flow cytometry method and then the ratio of Treg/Th1 and Treg/Th2 populations was determined. Collected data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Croxall-Wallis tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The results indicated that the ratio of Treg/Th1 lymphocytes in recovered cases (0.025%) and relapsed cases (0.007%) compared to new cases (0.16%) (respectively with p<0.001* and p<0.001*) and relapsed cases were significantly reduced compared to recovered cases (p*=0.023). Regarding the ratio of Treg/Th2 lymphocytes, their significant decrease was observed in recovered cases (0.43%) and relapsed (0.34%) compared to new cases (4.27%) (p<0.001, respectively). * and p<0.001*). Also, taking into account the International Prognostic Index (IPI) score parameter, the ratio of Treg/Th1 cells in lymphoma patients in the low-moderate risk group was higher than the high-risk group (median). 0.031% versus 0.013%, p=0.007*). In addition, the ratio of Treg/Th1 and Treg/Th2 cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients was higher in the group with performance status (PS) less than 2 (PS<2) than in the group with performance status equal to or greater than 2 (PS≥2). The median of 0.036% versus 0.013%, p=0.001 and 0.78% versus 0.37%, p=0.013) respectively.

The results of the present study indicated that an increase in the ratio of Treg/Th1 and Treg/Th2 lymphocytes is related to better response to treatment and better prognosis in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients.

Background & objectives:

 Oral health is an indicator of the whole body that affects individuals' mental and functional aspects. Deterioration of oral health is one of the most critical challenges facing health policies, and improving social factors is one of the ways to overcome this problem. This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic factors affecting DMFT in adults in Shahdiyeh in a cohort study in 1395.

 This study was based on the cohort protocol of Shahedieh Yazd and was performed on adults aged 35-70 years. Socioeconomic variables were extracted from the relevant questionnaire, and their relationship with the DMFT index was examined.

 The mean age is 48.48. The average DMFT is 19.77, and the marital status is not related to the DMFT index, but there is a significant relationship with the number of decayed teeth. The lowest DMFT index is in the group with a Ph.D. level. Brushing has a meaningful and direct association with the DMFT index. The highest average number of restored teeth was found in the group with high salt intake, and the DMFT index has a significant relationship with the frequency of dental floss.

 Dental caries is a multifactorial illness with many factors affecting it. However, the role of education and socioeconomic status as factors influencing oral and dental health as the main factor in reducing this disease is fundamental and directly increases the level of awareness, attitude, and practice of individuals and subsequently improves the situation of oral hygiene.

Following the outbreak of covid19, e-learning has provided a unique opportunity to face the limitations of face-to-face education and achieve the ideal of education for all. Since teachers are considered as the most important influential factor in the teaching-learning process, the analysis of their successful and unsuccessful educational experiences can give us a deeper understanding of the current situation and provide solutions to achieve the desired situation and strengthen it. Given the vast amount of research conducted on the challenges and problems of teachers in the electronic context, the present study aims to focus specifically on the strengths of teachers' teaching experiences in the new learning environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is  identifying and modeling the importance of successful educational experiences of elementary school teachers in the e-learning environment.

This is a qualitative and phenomenological study. Participants in this study include all elementary school teachers who had the experience of teaching in electronic context (Shad Program) in the academic year 2020-2021. Eighteen teachers among them were selected through purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were used to collect information until the researcher could achieve theoretical saturation. The findings were analyzed, using Colaizzi's seven-step strategy. In-depth analysis of the interviews resulted in the identification of 7 main categories and 25 related sub-categories. In the next step, the identified key categories entered into the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) software. In this section, first the structure of the communications between the categories was drawn in the form of an interactive network and then the importance of each of them was determined.

The research findings showed that successful educational experiences of elementary school teachers in the e-learning environment in the order of their importance  include the development of technological competencies (61 points), progress and modernization of curriculum elements (60 points), paying attention to emotional-psychological needs (53 points), promotion of social skills (51 points), development of scientific education (28 points), paying attention to aspects of biological and physical education (21 points) and strengthening  aesthetic capacities (17 points).

The results of the present study can be considered as a continuum in which, on the one hand, the development of technological competencies is of the highest importance and, on the other hand, the strengthening of aesthetic capacities is of the least importance. Based on the results obtained, a major overhaul of pre-service and in-service teacher training methods is needed to keep pace with the developments in technology-rich environments. In order to improve the quality of the teaching and learning process in the electronic context, teachers should also pay attention to the specific requirements of this new educational environment and its developmental capacities, and instead of using traditional teaching methods, prioritize their focus on educating students in all areas, encouraging group collaboration and participation in the virtual classroom, fostering students' curiosity and flourishing their individual creativity, strengthening students’ motivation students and paying attention to students’ individual abilities, interests, talents and personal differences of students in the new ecosystem so that they teachers could  hope for an effective and active presence of students in their virtual classes.

The Study of Hot Spots as a Cause of Circumstantial Initiation in Energetic Materials in order to Increase Work and Storage Safety of these Materials is of Special Importance. Hot Spots, by Converting Different Types of Force like Mechanical Forces, Friction, Heat, and electro static discharge into Heat, Cause the Temperature to Rise Exponentially by about 700 Kelvin in 10-3 to 10-5 Seconds at that Point. If This Temperature Higher than Energy Threshold Required for the Initiation of Energetic Materials, it will Operate Combustion or Explosion Reactions at that Point, and then the Bulk of Energetic Materials may Initiate. Several different Mechanisms for the Formation of Hot Spots (such as Impact, Adiabatic Cutting, Adsorbed Gas Heating, Sparks, etc.) Are Investigated. The Type of Mechanism Involved in Creating the Hot Spot Depends on the Type of Energy Entering, the Nature and Components of the Mixture, the Physical Properties of the Material as well as the Environmental Conditions. Depending on the Conditions, one or more Mechanisms at the same Time may be Involved, and the Effect of each Mechanism is Different in Various Situations.

The outbreak of the disease in Wuhan, China, called Corona, caused a crisis in regional and global public health, which led to changes in most aspects of life. Due to social distancing and protection from the disease, the method of education changed; it also led to reducing the learning and academic performance of students. Students in higher education have also been severely affected by the virus due to travel restrictions and social distancing, isolation measures, quarantine, closure of university campuses and closure of borders, which also damaged students' academic motivation. Delaying admission to university was one of the biggest challenges. A review of research has shown during COVID-19 pandemic, the rate of learning and academic motivation declined, so there seemed to be a need for an educational solution to address this issue. The electronic flipped classroom in Corona conditions could be considered. Although research indicated a better effect of the flipped classroom on learners' performance, it is not still clear how the electronic flipped classroom would lead to better performance and more research is needed. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the electronic flipped classroom on students' academic performance and motivation.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design having experimental and control groups. From the educational students of Tehran University, 38 students were selected as the sample through convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The research instruments were a researcher-made performance test and an academic motivation questionnaire (Walrand et al., 1989). The sessions were held for both groups for three months weekly (a total of 12 sessions). The findings were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and covariance method. It is noteworthy that before using the covariance method, its assumption was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Levene's test.

In this study, 38 students participated in two experimental and control groups, aged between 19 and 22 (M = 20.44, SD = 1.33), comparing the two groups with independent t-test (t = 0.651), showed that there was no significant difference between the mean age of the experimental group of 20.14 ± 0.70 and the control group of 20.68 ± 0.49. A total of 82% of the participants were girls. The results showed that the EFC had a significant effect on academic performance and academic motivation (P≤0.001), so that after the experimental intervention, the mean of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group in both variables.

The EFC affects students' academic performance and motivation. Therefore, use the EFC improves academic performance and motivation as well as the success of e-learning.

Design thinking is a participatory problem-solving method with a human-centered approach that enhances innovation by enhancing learners' creative thinking abilities. Although design thinking has become an integral part of design and engineering as well as business, it can have a positive impact on the 21st century education in other fields, too. Using design thinking in educational settings, students read, think, and reason logically and can solve complex problems. However, there are several definitions of design thinking, as many authors have stated that there is no fixed universal definition of design thinking. Therefore, it seems necessary to try to understand and demystify design thinking. In this regard, the purpose of this study researchis to analyze the concept of design thinking and study the models of design thinking and definitions of the 21st century skills as well as the role of design thinking on the 21st century skills by systematic collecting, evaluating and reviewing the related articles on this topic.

In this study, searches were performed in the databases of Eric, ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis, Springer, and Google Scholar, and all articles indexed in their databases from 2000 to 2020 were collected in English. After searching the databases, the relevant articles were selected and evaluated according to the CASP evaluation criteria. After reading the abstracts and the initial review and removal of irrelevant articles, the full version of 83 articles was prepared and reviewed. Then, among the available articles, the relevant ones were selected and evaluated for detailed evaluation based on CASP evaluation criteria.Also, in the manual search that was done through the sources of articles, according to the nature of design thinking, 3 reference sites were added to present the model and 3 books and 2 websites were added for the skills of the 21st century. Finally, 54 articles, books and websites were selected for detailed study.

According to the obtained/aforementioned studies, they were categorized in four groups: 1- Articles that have explained the skills of the 21st century. 2- Articles that have offered a new definition of design thinking. 3- Articles that have presented new models of design thinking. 4- Articles that have used the models in implementing the design and improving the skills of the 21st century. Given the results, despite the similarities and connections that can be identified in the context of 21st century skills, different terms and definitions are often used to describe a skill or a set of skills that cause ambiguity and confusion. In this regard, the skills that are mentioned in all frameworks are as follows: cooperation and communication; ICT literacy; social skills; creativity; critical thinking; problem solving, production of quality products and productivity. The results of the studies also showed that the implementation of design thinking leads to strengthening problem-solving skills, innovation and creativity, and the skill of using integrated thinking. Continuing the implementation of design thinking along with empathy, cooperation, teamwork leads to self-confidence and value of the learner.

According to the research results, in general, it can be said that today's society needs to educate a generation equipped with the  21st century skills to advance the high goals of the society, so paying attention to creating the necessary conditions for the implementation of design thinking plays a unique role in raising a productive generation.

Electrical conductivity increases in groundwater around the gypsum mines because of ions dissolution. this is a useful indicator in gypsum mines exploration, but not enough to that aim, so the elements with high concentrations involved in increasing EC should be identified. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of ANFIS-FCM method to exploration of salty gypsum mines using hydrogeochemical changes of groundwater, which was tested on a case: Anar salty gypsum mine. to this aim, 21 water samples were taken from wells across the plain and chemical analysis of samples was performed in the laboratory. Then, the resulted data were statistically analyzed and descriptive statistics of the data and correlation matrix of the studied parameters were obtained using SPSS software. Forming a data correlation matrix, it was found that in samples near the salty gypsum mine, some ions had the highest correlation with electrical conductivity (EC) including sodium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, selenium and lead, while the mentioned parameters had the highest correlation. The 6 mentioned elements selected as the model inputs and the electrical conductivity was the output according to purpose of the current research. After standardization, the data were entered into MATLAB and the electrical conductivity was predicted using ANFIS-FCM method. The measured electrical conductivity was used directly to compare with the electrical conductivity of the intelligent method. Based on the model results, the estimated electrical conductivity in the study area had very good accuracy and high correlation with the measured values. As a result, ANFIS-FCM intelligent method is an effective method to diagnose the salty gypsum mine. If this method is used in groundwater around other salty gypsum mines in Iran and a similar result be observed, its efficiency in diagnosing the salty gypsum mines is confirmed.

In this research, nonlinear buckling and post-buckling behaviours of composite plates with the ‎circular/elliptical cut-out are investigated using particle semi-energy (PSE) method. The semi-‎energy is based on the solution of compatibility equation via an Airy force and out-of-plane ‎displacement functions. The‏ ‏unknown parameters of these functions are determined by ‎minimizing the potential energy. The integrals of potential energy are replaced with ‎summations at perforated plate particle (node). The cut-out is modelled easily using these ‎nodes. The advantages of this method are modelling cut-out by nodes easily and proposing ‎just one of the displacement fields (i.e. out-of-plane). Based on the results, there is a good ‎agreement (1.25%) between the post-buckling loads derived from PSE of this paper and ‎experimental test of other literature. The accuracy of the finite element method (FEM) is 7.5% ‎with respect to experimental test. The influences of rotating elliptical cut-out and replacing it ‎with two circular cut-outs via same areas on post-buckling load are investigated‎

Studies evaluating liver transplantation (LT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the Middle East have been scarce, mainly due to intricacy of this type of surgery.

In here we report our experiences with LT among patients with HCC cirrhosis.

All patients who underwent LT with primary diagnosis of HCC older than 18 years old, during 2004 to 2019, were initially included in our study.

Overall, 124 patients entered our study, among which majority were males (86.3%). Mean (SD) age of patients was 53.1±10.6 years old. Most common underlying liver diseases were HBV (55.6%) and HCV infections (12.1%). Mean MELD score of patients was 18±5.5. Child-puge score of most patients was class B (50%). Mean (SD) duration of hospitalization was 12.1±3.5 days. Patients were followed for a median of 32 (9, 62) months. The most common causes of death were recurrence of HCC (47.7%) and sepsis (34.1%). Median (IQR) duration to recurrence and death were 18 (4, 34) months and 17.5 (5.7, 44.5) months, respectively. One-year survival (89%, 86.4%, and 63.2%, respectively) (p=0.011) and one year DFS (89%, 86.4%, and 57.9%, respectively) (p=0.001) was significant different between those who were selected based on the Milan, UCSF and extended criteria

Our study provides valuable experiences on LT and HCC from one of the largest LT center in the world. Accordingly, we found that the Milan criterion provides the best survival compared to the UCSF and our extended criteria for patient selection.

Climate changing and spatial and temporal variation that influences Agricultural productivity efficiency, food security, water quality, and quantity that economics, health, and welfare local community are reduced. Understanding this object is very important in Southern Khorasan with 43% of the rural population. In this research, the spatial (31 Station in southern Khorasan province) - temporal (2027-time series, monthly, seasonal and annual) trend in rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature, number of rainy and frost day, evaporation, sunshine hours, relative humidity, maximum rainfall in a day are studied in 1989-2015 and 1975-2015 periods. Data are analyzed using Standard Index, Mann-Kendall test, linear regression, Sen’s slope estimator, and using ArcGIS10.3 and GS+ software. The results show that slope of variation in rainfall, minimum Temperature, number of frost days, and average rainfall in rainy day variations are more than other parameters. Negative (decreasing) trends and level of significance depending on the parameter type, station position, and length of the statistical period. Spatial and temporal variations in monthly time series have been irregular and complex. The general Trend direction is Drought, warmer summers, and colder winters.

Geostatistical modeling, in recent years, has been widely and increasingly used in analyzing underground structures. Using the combination of uncertainty reduction techniques and modeling processes could increase the identification accuracy of underground structure models. In this study, Indicator Kriging (IK) method is employed to model four geological units comprising leached, oxidized, supergene and hypogene zones. The aforementioned units are all located within Miduk Copper Deposit. To evaluate the uncertainty index based on the modelled geological structure, Bernoulli variance is employed. In order to reduce the uncertainty amount of the executed geological model, post-processing procedure is performed using resampling of the interpolated model. This procedure is reiterated as many times as possible until a geological model with an acceptable uncertainty amount is acquired. At the final step, blast holes data is used in order for the validation of the results. The yielded results indicate that the amount of uncertainty dropped from 5.87% to 2.98% after implementing the post-processing procedure.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of corn silage particle size, homofermentative and heterofermentative fermenting bacteria inoculation on chemical compounds, sensory evaluation, aerobic stability, and gas production on days 30, 45, 60, and 90 after silage preparation. The corn forage was harvested in coarse and fine sizes (16 and 8 mm, respectively), and the silage was prepared in nylon bags with a size of 90×45 cm (4050 cm2). During the preparation of the silage, bacterial inoculation was added to 50 percent of coarse and fine corn forage. Silages were sampled at 30, 45, 60, and 90 days after the preparation of silage. On the 90th day after silage preparation, the score of total sensory evaluation of silages was higher in inoculated silage (p < /em><0.05). On the 45th and 60th days after silage preparation, pH was the highest in fine silage (3.77 and 3.80, respectively) (p < /em><0.05). The crude protein content of silage was higher in fine silage only on day 90. The percentage of the neutral detergent fiber was the highest in coarse and non-inoculated silages on day 30 after the preparation of silage (p < /em><0.05). Aerobic stability was higher in coarse and inoculated silages on day 45 (p < /em><0.05). The gas production potential (A+B) in fine silages was the greatest on day 90 after the preparation of silage. The results of the experiment showed that the effect of particle size on the quality of silage was greater than bacterial inoculation, but inoculation of bacteria increased the aerobic stability of silages.

The aim of this study was to analyze contents of Grades 1–6 textbooks in Iran, regarding food and nutrition literacy domains and their components.

This study included content analysis of primary school textbooks (Grades 1–6) in 2019–2020 academic year. Analysis included all pages of 41 books of primary schools (4878 pages). Data collection was carried out using checklists comprised of three principal domains of food and nutrition literacy, including cognitive, skill and value-attitude as well as their components. The research tool reliability was assessed based on the agreement rate between the two coders, using Holsti method. The reliability assessment was 85.29%.

Of all the food and nutrition literacy components in the books, 92% were related to the cognitive domain whereas 8% belonged to the skill domain of food and nutrition literacy. The value-attitude domain, including nutritional tendency, nutritional health values and cultural and social issues related to foods were mostly missing. Critical factors of food and nutrition literacy in primary school curriculum included media literacy, skills linked to food label analysis, and interactive and critical food and nutrition skills.

In conclusion, revision of the textbook contents and curriculums is necessary to ensure that they provide acceptable levels of food and nutrition-linked skills, promoting positive attitudes of healthy eating.

The purpose of this study is to investigation the impact of academic self-concept on academic enthusiasm with mediator role of sports Participation Motivation among student. Study is applied and the research method was descriptive correlational (SEM). Statistical population of this study comprised all secondary school students in Ardebil, From among this population, by Using Morgan table and Multi-stage cluster method, 380 students were selected. For data collection academic self-concept questionnaire, sports Participation Motivation questionnaire and academic enthusiasm questionnaire was used. SPSS 22 software was utilized in order to analyze the collected data (Pearson coefficient, and Structural Equation Method). The results showed the direct impact of academic self concept on academic enthusiasm and sports Participation Motivation with (β=0/54) and (β= 0/48), and direct impact of sports Participation Motivation on academic enthusiasm with (β=0/45) was significant. The mediating role of sports Participation Motivation in the relationship self concept between and academic enthusiasm (β=0/24) was also significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that academic self concept and sports Participation Motivation may be taken into account as one of the important factors on enthusiasm.

Proper management of groundwater resources, as the main source of fresh water, is very important. Groundwater vulnerability assessment has been applied as a management tool for prioritizing the use of resources, controling the contaminant transfer and adopting cost-effective ways for aquifer management. This study has adopted a novel approach based on DRASTIC method, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method to assess the vulnerability of Shiraz aquifer. AHP was utilized to modify the rank of DRASTIC model’s parameters and GA optimization model was used to optimize the weights of DRASTIC parameters based on hydro-geological characteristics and nitrate concentrations of the Shiraz aquifer. The main aim of the GA-AHP model was to maximize the DRASTIC index correlation with nitrate concentration. The vulnerability map of Shiraz plain was provided using geographic information system (GIS). The results suggested that the southern and southeastern areas of Shiraz plain were faced with very high and high classes of vulnerability, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the developed vulnerability index and the nitrate concentrations was estimated as 80%, which confirmed the accuracy of the vulnerability map of Shiraz plain.

This paper investigates the effects of spatially variable (non-uniform) seismic excitation incorporating incoherency effect on earthquake-induced stresses of arch dams. Coherency functions reflect the waveform variation between two different stations, which decays with an increment of distance and frequency. The response spectrum compatible non-uniform ground motions are generated utilizing the coherency functions. Besides, to study the valley shape effects and dam height on seismic responses, V-shaped and U- shaped valleys with different heights are considered. Finite element models of typical arch dams are provided, including the relevant compressible reservoirs and surrounding massed foundation rocks. Dynamic analyses are carried out for uniform and non-uniform excitations. Comparing the stress magnitudes revealed that, non-uniform ground motion inputs considering coherency functions lead to less tensile and compressive stresses than the uniform ones(identical excitation across the supports). Moreover, the stress distribution pattern depends on the utilized coherency function. Finally, the results demonstrated that the magnitude of maximum tensile stress is lower in the V-shaped valley as a general trend. Additionally, due to uniform excitation, the increase of dam height leads to an increment of tensile stresses.

One of the major challenges of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique is the existence of tropospheric effect on the results. The tropospheric effect is due to the changes of atmospheric parameters including temperature, pressure, and humidity between the master and slave images. In this research, two different methods based on spatial-temporal filters and calculation of phase delay using MERIS data were evaluated. The main objective is to monitor the interseismic deformation across the Tasouj fault located in West and East Azarbaijan provinces. To this end, Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterer (StaMPS) is applied on 12 ascending ENVISAT ASAR images spanning between 2004 and 2008. The deformation time series obtained from StaMPS are two rough due to the atmospheric effect. In the first method employed for the atmospheric effect reduction,  considering that the atmospheric effect is a temporally-decorrelated and spatially-correlated signal, two different high pass and low pass filters are applied in the temporal and spatial space in order to extract the atmospheric signal which is then subtracted from the time series analysis results. In the second method, the phase delay due to the troposphere is estimated using the MERIS water vapor product. GPS measurements are finally used in order to evaluate the performance of different atmospheric reduction methods. Two quantitative criteria, i.e. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) calculated from GPS and corrected time series and standard deviation of atmospherically-corrected time series are considered as two relevant methods for evaluating the fluctuations reduction. The method based on spatial-temporal filters shows more superiority over the other one with RMSE and standard deviation of 13 mm and 40 mm, respectively, at its best case.

Question of meaning, is a kind of inquiry that has occupied people’s mind. Answering this question that fits in a place between philosophy and psychology, many experts have tried to clarify this ambiguous concept. The aim of this study is to explore two questions about meaning of life by a phenomenological lens.

The present study was a qualitative research using latent thematic analysis method. The research performed semi-structural interviews in 5 focus groups with 33 participants and investigated college view of points about nature and development of meaning in life. The six phase strategy of Brown and Clark (2006) was used to extract themes.

After analyzing the results, two main themes, six themes and 12 subthemes were extracted. The main themes are: Nature of meaning and Development of meaning. The themes are: Need for Cohesion, Desire for Immortality, Meaning as a Scale, Livelihood Meaning, Epistemological Meaning, and Experiential Meaning. The subthemes are: Durability in the Another world, Durability via create Benefits, Living Everyday life, Living in Barrier of norms, Evasion of Thinking and Abstraction, Comfort and Benefit, Search for meaning, Creating meaning, Expansion of meaning, Imbalance, Seeking balance, and balance Discovery.

Study results show a new perspective to build training protocols based on meaning of life in student population.

Because of an altered walking mechanism in blind individuals compared to healthy ones, it is expected that using textured insoles in blind individuals change the mechanism and ground reaction forces encounter to the lower limbs and joints. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare frequency domain of ground reaction forces during walking with and without textured insoles in blind individuals.

12 blind males (age: 29.66±4.39 years) volunteered to participate in this study. A foot scan system was used for measuring frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces during walking with and without textured insoles. Paired sample t-test was used for statistical analysis.

The findings indicated similar walking speed during walking with and without textured insoles in blind individuals (P>0.05). The frequency content with power 99.5% in the vertical ground reaction force component during walking with insoles were greater than that walking without it (p=0.039). Also, the frequency content with power 99.5% in the 3rd toe and 4th toe during orthoses condition were greater than that without it (p<0.05). In addition, frequency bandwidth in the 3rd toe region of the foot in insole condition was lower than that without insole condition (p=0.039).

Although there was similar walking speed during walking with and without textured insoles in blind individuals, there were lower frequency bandwidth and median frequency of ground reaction forces during orthoses condition compared to without.

With the increasing rate of cyber-attacks, creating security for cyberspace has become more important and crucial. Therefore computers, computer networks and all current systems connected to the Internet are always at risk of cyber-attacks. In this paper, a novel technique based on alteration technique of attack is proposed by providing a new classification in the methods of obfuscation. In this method, by replacing the attacks that have similar characteristics in the attack strategies the attacker causes an increase in wrong classification and thus reduces the dependence between attack steps. Therefore, by increasing the length of the attack, network security managers cannot easily distinguish cyber-attacks. The proposed model was assessed based on the Bayesian algorithm. The results of the research and implementation of the model indicate that the accuracy of classification (in terms of log) by intrusion detection systems for the best case of clean attacks in the sequel of attack, is -0.02 and for obfuscation attacks at the action level is -0.19. For obfuscate attacks with the alternative technique it becomes -3 and for the insertion technique it decreases to -6.74. In the proposed model, as in the obfuscation-based insertion technique, the corresponding attack method has been used. Due to the difference in the type of ambiguity model, different results are obtained, and the combination of these two obfuscating techniques in cyber-attacks can bring better results to the attacker in deceiving the intrusion detection systems and creating uncertainties in the sequence of observed attacks.

In present study, the behavior of ring footing subjected to repeated loading has been investigated by several experimental tests. These tests have been done by ring footing with outer diameter of 300 mm and optimum inner to outer diameter ratio of 0.4 based on unreinforced bed, rubber-reinforced bed, geogrid reinforced bed and geogrid-rubber reinforced bed. Three levels of repeated loading (240, 560 and 840 kPa) have been applied. The results showed that the residual plastic settlement is reduced about 48% and 17.9% for the reinforced bases with rubber particles and with geogrid layer, respectively, compared to the unreinforced bed, but this reduction is about 63.5% for reinforced base with combination of rubber particles and geogrid layer. Also simultaneous use of rubber particles and geogrid reinforcement can be more effective in increasing the portion of resilient settlements compared to using each of them alone. The resilient settlement ratio increased from 5.95% in unreinforced soil up to 24.2% in geogrid-rubber reinforced beds. In fact using reinforcements in soil bed can decrease the plastic deformations of footing bed during few numbers of loading cycles. This behavior is a result of shakedown phenomenon which could lead to steady-state condition and the system behave more resilient in reinforced beds compared to unreinforced bed. Also the results of tests indicated that in both rubber-reinforced bed (without any geogrid layer) and geogrid-rubber reinforced bed, the optimum value of the thickness of rubber-soil mixture layer to improve the behavior of ring footing, is equal to 0.5 times the outer diameter of ring footing. The enhancement of the thickness of rubber-reinforced layer beyond its optimum value can lead to negative effects (increase in plastic settlement or decrease in the portion of resilient settlement) due to increase in compressibility of the bed. Although the adding of geogrid layer could activate the positive reinforcing effects of deeper layers of rubber-soil mixture; but these positive effects are not big enough to withstand the negative effects of using a thick layer of rubber-soil mixture.

The purpose of this study was to predict academic vitality based on academic support and motivation for sport participation. The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students with learning disabilities in the first high school in Ardabil in the academic year of 2018-2019. The research sample consisted of 105 people (50 girls and 55 boys) with special learning disability who were selected through multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Colorado Learning Inventory, Academic Vitality, Athletic Involvement Inventory and Academic Support Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Regression Analysis. The findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between motivation for sport participation (and its components) and academic support (and its components) with students' academic vitality. The results of regression analysis also revealed that approximately 49% of the total variance of academic enthusiasm was predictable based on academic support and motivation for sport participation, with the academic support variable having the highest share. Therefore, it can be concluded that sport participation motivation and academic support are variables related to students' academic vitality.