m. rostami

Constant confront with critical situations intensifies the burnout of nurses in intensive care units and forces them to make numerous ethical decisions in their care. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the job burnout, ethical decision-making and their relationship among nurses working in intensive care units at Namazi Hospital, Shiraz.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2019-2020. The number of 120 nurses working in the intensive care units was selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Maslach's job burnout (1986) and ethical decision-making questionnaires. Data were analyzed with SPSS-23 using descriptive (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage) and inferential (Pearson's test and multiple linear regression) statistics.

The results showed that the nurses’ mean scores for job burnout and ethical decision-making scores were 68.13±23.62 and 56.33±12.23, respectively, and were at a moderate level. Additionally, the results indicated a negative and significant relationship between job burnout and ethical decision-making (p<0.001). The age variable also had a predictive role in job burnout and ethical decision-making (p<0.001).

Providing holistic care in the intensive care units requires a high level of ethical decision-making ability, so this level appears to be inadequate. Furthermore, the notable magnitude of job burnout, its significant and negative impact on ethical decision-making, and the predictive role of age in them, require policymakers to pay more attention. Therefore, they should investigate job burnout and ethical decision-making and recruit young nurses along with experienced nurses in intensive care units.

Native design of buildings is a branch of architecture based on local needs and available materials that reflect regional traditions. The city of Paveh in the northwestern Iranian province of Kermanshah has many valuable buildings, with some dating back to more than three thousand years which are stepped-type based the topography of the land. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of culture and livelihood on the physical and biological space formation of traditional houses in Paveh. Data were collected through measuring livelihood standard, geographical location, and type of materials, culture and environmental factors through observation method in spring 2023 and based on questionnaire as a tool. The data analysis was done through factor analysis and regression tests with Lisrel and SPSS software. Validation of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and its reliability was checked through Cronbach alpha (r=0.701). By confirmatory analysis, research components with a factor load above 0.4 were identified and confirmed. The ADJR2 index in the regression test showed that the research indicators predict 61% of the physical and biospatial variance of the traditional houses in Paveh. The component of culture and climate has the highest influence (beta=0.779) on the physical and spatial formation of traditional houses there. The results obtained from the observation method also showed that the cultural, social, religious, livelihood features include the use of natural materials, spatial hierarchy, proper separation of spaces, building houses on top or next to each other and paying attention to the environment, including the correct orientation, the use of brick laying, the appropriate dimensions of the openings, etc. which have been the most important factors in bodily and spatial formation of houses in Paveh.

This paper designs an adaptive improved dynamic surface controller for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems in the presence of input hysteresis and uncertain control direction. It is assumed that nonlinear functions in the system dynamics and parameters of the input nonlinearity are uncertain. At first, uncertain dynamics of the system is identified by the fuzzy system as a linear approximator. Then, the proposed improved dynamic surface controller is designed. In the proposed controller, a Nussbaum-type function is used to deal with the uncertain control direction problem. Also, for eliminating the “explosion of complexity” problem in the backstepping approach and sensitivity to the time constant of the filters in the dynamic surface control approach, a nonlinear tracking differentiator is used to obtain the virtual inputs derivative. Furthermore, by considering the norm of the adjustable parameters as an adaptive parameter, number of adaptive parameters and consequently computational burden are decreased considerably. Stability analysis of the proposed controller guarantees that all of the closed-loop signals are uniformly ultimately bounded. Also, adaptive laws for online tuning of adjustable parameters are proposed based on the Lyapunov method. Simulation results on two numerical and application examples verify the effectiveness and proper performance of the proposed controller.

In this paper, an analytical model is proposed for evaluating electromagnetic performances of permanent magnet vernier machines (PMVMs) under healthy and faulty conditions. The proposed model employs flexible magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method, which its accuracy can be selected by tunable parameters. The model is capable of considering the influence of saturation effect, skewed slots, slot leakage fluxes, and various winding arrangements for the machines with desired properties. First, the proposed model is used to predict the no-load performance of machine at healthy condition. Then, the machine loading behaviors under healthy and demagnetization fault conditions are analyzed by the MEC model. Moreover, the results of the proposed model are compared and validated with those of 2-D finite element method (FEM) and 3-D FEM. Eventually, a specific pattern is extracted from the stator current spectrum to detect the demagnetization fault.

The current study investigates the two-phase turbulentnanofluid flow insidein a heat exchanger tube equipped with a novel type of conical turbulators having two parallel rows of holes, for first time.The range of Reynolds number was between 4000and20000 under turbulent flow regime and uniform wall temperature condition.Water is considered as the base fluid and TiO2 nanoparticles with volume fractions of0–2.5% are added as the second phase to the base fluid.The effect of number of the conical insert turbulators, number of the holes and volume fraction of the nanoparticles on flow field,average Nusselt number,friction factor and performance evaluation criterion(PEC) have been numerically investigated.The results show that the proposed turbulators create vortices and recirculating currents that have significant effect on heat transfer.As number ofthe turbulators increases,Nusselt number increases obviously.However,the presence of holes also reduces the friction factor andpressure drop that is related to lower resistance in the flow path.In general,the use of perforated conical turbulators improves PEC by creating controlled turbulent flows.Onthe otherhand,the useof added nanoparticles also enhances heat transfer.The presented turbulators increase PEC up to43% compared to the smooth tube,if the parameters are determined properly.The maximum PEC of1.43 is obtained at M=8,N=4 and Re=4100,which shows good performance compared to othertypes of turbulators.

The works of Safavid era poets are a full-view mirror of the social situation of this era due to their connection with the mass of people. With the separation of the poets from the court during the Safavid era and their joining other citizens, the subject of these poets' poetry also changed, and after that their poetic talent was used to express the customs and social beliefs of ordinary citizens of Iran. This essay aims to answer the question by examining the poems of the poets of this era, which superstitious beliefs, opinions and social customs have occupied the minds of the citizens of this time and to what extent have these things been reflected in the eyes of the poets?

The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is documentary (library).

The findings of the research indicate that superstitious beliefs and opinions such as believing in eye sores and the influence of stars and planets on the condition and fate of people and turning to different ways to get rid of eye sores, as well as all kinds of magic and witchcraft and seeking refuge in soothsayers and soothsayers for Avoiding the damage of the evil eye and getting rid of the bad horoscope has not only affected people's lives, but also captured the hearts and souls of the kings of this country, and the abundance of these themes in the poems of the poets of this era is a clear proof of this claim.

The reference of these poets to superstitious and popular beliefs in this period indicates that these beliefs have spread in all religious, political and social affairs of this era. In this regard, the role of Safavid kings and rulers should not be ignored in this reality; Because their belief in these things had caused them to be involved with these superstitions to some extent; To the extent that each of them had a special astrologer with them to tell them the joys and sorrows of doing political and social affairs.

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) produce high power density efficiently and in a pollution-free way. Therefore, it is employed in UAVs. Flow fields play key role in the performance of PEMFC-powered UAVs. In this study, a novel flow field named modified combined was introduced and investigated by a three-dimensional and two-phase PEMFC model. In the flow field main channels are tapered aiming to reinforce the performance. The study consists of two steps. In the first stage, modified combined was compared with parallel, serpentine, interdigitated, and combined. The results showed that in the modified combined compared with simple combined, pressure drop decreased 22.6%. Modified combined demonstrated suitable oxygen distribution and appropriate management and the specific power of modified combined is the highest value among all flow fields. Finally, the effect of atmospheric conditions on the performance of the PEMFC with modified combined flow field was studied and two equations were presented to predict the performance at 0.4V and 0.7V at the different altitudes of flight. The findings unveiled the point that in the cruise phase of the flight, low voltage is more suitable for PEMFC-driven UAV with modified combined flow field. All in all, modified combined flow field and low voltage are recommended to be utilized in PEMFCs as propulsion system of UAVs.

The propulsion system of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) plays an essential role in its performance, stability and flight endurance. In this study, two types of propulsion systems for UAV (differentiated based on fuel type) are studied to determine their characteristics and advantages. These proposed propulsion systems are using a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) to generate the heat required for the operation of the turbine and generating thrust. To achieve the best operating condition, a multi-objective Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) in MATLAB is used to decide key design parameters. For reaching the best conditions where the acceptable thrust is accompanied by reasonable flight duration, the TOPSIS decision-making method was considered. Results indicated that the efficiency and generated power of the propulsion system will increase by higher flight altitude or compressor pressure ratio. Also, due to the recirculation of fuel in the SOFC’s anode, the higher efficiency is observed in comparison when hydrogen is used; since anode-recirculation causes higher fuel utilization. The optimization result shows that the efficiency and fuel consumption for the hydrogen-fueled system is 48.7% and 0.0024g/s, respectively, and 67.9% and 0.0066kg/s for methane-fueled engine. It was also found that, maximum efficiency for both hydrogen- and methane-fueled systems are available with the stack temperature of 1025 K; however maximum thrust for these systems is at the stack temperature of 1075 K. In addition, increasing fuel rate of the SOFC power unit helps the process of generating extra power and thrust for UAVs.

 The present study tries to analyze the articles of management quarterly in Islamic University with a detailed pathology and first f all answers the question, what are the weaknesses of the articles published in this quarterly magazine? And secondly, to what extent could these articles support the policies of the publication? 

 This research was developed using the mixed research method, and in this way, the data was explained using two methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis. 

 The findings of the research indicate that in the pathology section, among the 86 titles of articles published between 2014 and 2018, 4.65% of articles have similar titles, 8.13% of articles have long damage, 4.65% of unintelligible titles and 1.1% of articles are not consistent with the policies and goals of the journal. In the abstract section, 12.79% of abstracts were weak in stating the purpose, 1.16% were weak in stating the method, 9.30% were weak in stating the findings, 10.46% of the abstracts were weak in expressing the conclusion, and 9.30% of the articles were deficient in the number of words. Also, out of 376 keywords, 70 items, equivalent to 18.61%, were damaged. 

 The authors of the survey conclude that regardless of the few damages and weaknesses that existed in the articles published in the two management quarterly journals in the Islamic University, the reviewed articles were able to meet the expectations of the publication.

SPK NL steel, as a hard and process-wise stable alloy, has myriad applications in sheet metal forming. However, to increase the quality of the products and decrease cost, applying a self-lubricant protective coating on the surface seems to be an efficacious strategy. The CrN and carbon-enriched CrN, i.e. (a-C: CrN), hybrid coatings are physically vapor-deposited on the SPK NL alloy surface. The C/N ratio on the morphology, tribological properties, mechanical characteristics, and anticorrosive features of the coated SPK NL substrates are studied. Results evidenced that high carbon inclusion increases the plastic hardness of the CrN coating up to about 35 GPa and significantly improves the plasticity index to ~0.2. The COF decreases from ~0.6 for CrN to ~0.1 for (a-C:CrN). Coatings with a high sp2 fraction impart an excellent self-lubricant characteristic to SPK NL steel. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data approve that both coatings provide high corrosion resistance, and although CrN provides superior corrosion resistance nonetheless. As an outcome, (a-C:CrN) hybrid coatings with high carbon content, possessing high hardness, good tribological properties, and corrosion resistance seems to be a prospective candidate for surface protection of SPK NL steel.

For the first time in the present study, the vibration of embedded rotating macro/microbeam in the Winkler-Pasternak foundation with the variable cross-sectional area and various boundary conditions in hygro-thermal-magnetic environments under axial and follower forces based on the Rayleigh beam model is studied. In this investigation, a parametric study is performed to clarify the impacts of various parameters such as boundary conditions, cross-sectional profile, foundation coefficients, rotary inertia factor, environmental conditions and size-dependent effects on the natural vibrational frequencies of the system. Couple stress theory is utilized to model the system. First, the dynamical equations of the system are derived using the Hamilton principle. To discretize the dynamical equation, the Galerkin method has been used, and the natural frequencies of the system are obtained by solving the eigenvalue problem. The results of the present study are compared and validated with the results presented in the technical literature. The results show that in high-temperature and low-temperature environments, the system has different dynamical behavior. It is observed that compared to the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, the Rayleigh beam has lower frequencies. It is also concluded that in contrast to the effects of axial and follower forces, increasing the elastic and shear coefficients of the substrate improves the dynamical behavior of the system. Meanwhile, the vibrational frequencies of the structure increase by increasing the width ratio parameter. The results of the present study can be useful in the design of advanced structures such as microturbines and micromotors.

In the present study, barium hexaferrite doped with copper, bismuth and titanium ( ) was synthesized using the co-precipitation method and then their structural and optical properties were investigated. XRD and FTIR analyzes were used to investigate the structural properties of the samples, based on which, the formation of the dominant phase of barium hexaferrite with space group of P63 / mmc was confirmed. The lattice parameters and the size of the nanocrystals were also calculated for the synthesized samples. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis was also used to examine the morphology of the synthesized samples. DRS analysis was also used to investigate the optical properties and determine the energy band gap of the samples. The energy band gap values for samples with x equal to 0.1,0.2 and 0.3 were obtained about 1.43, 1.66 and 1.85 eV, respectively.

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Learning problems are undeniable facts that can be seen in all societies and cultures. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of behavioral parenting program training on improving the parent-child relationship of mothers with children with learning disabilities.

The current research was semi-experimental with experimental and control groups and a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population consisted of mothers with children with learning disabilities aged 7 to 10 years who referred to the Minodasht Education Counseling Center. 20 students were selected purposefully and using the random replacement method in two groups of 10 people (10 people in the experimental group and 10 people in the control group) were placed. Parent-child relationship questionnaire will be conducted under the supervision of the researcher for both experimental and control groups. Subsequently, the mothers of the experimental group were exposed to 8 sessions of behavioral education in a group (psycho-educational sessions), and at the end of the sessions, the questionnaires were repeatedly performed by the mothers of both groups. For analyzing the obtained data, descriptive statistics and repeated measures variance analysis were used.

The results showed that behavioral skills training to mothers significantly increased the level parent-child relationship (P=0/001).  

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that teaching parenting program in a behavioral way to mothers improves the parent-child relationship in students with learning disabilities.

As the most crucial choice in the heavy-duty protective coating industry, epoxy-based coatings suffer from insufficient toughness and impermeableness. So in this study, a reliable method that is, in turn, easy to be scaled up is designed and proposed. Through this method, a significantly toughened and mechanically improved epoxy nanocomposite film is suggested. This film is based on poly(amidoamine)-grafted (PAMAM) graphene oxide (GO). GO is synthesized and then modified through two consecutive steps; first, silane-grafted GO producing SiGO and second polyamidoamine (PAMAM)-grafted SiGO leading to HbpSiGO. FT-IR, TGA, and XRD results confirm a successful functionalization of the GO flakes. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) results reveal that the nanocomposite film based on HbpSiGO possesses higher storage modulus (50 %), elevated glass transition temperature (18 %), and higher cross-linking density (237 %) compared to unfilled epoxy. According to tensile testing, HbpSiGO nanocomposite shows an increment in work of fracture (148%), elongation at break (52 %), and maximum stress (68 %) in comparison with neat epoxy.

The range of nurseschr('39') plans in medical centers has changed their educational needs in the meantime, determining educational needs of nurses continuously is necessary. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to determine the educational needs of nursing staff in hospitals affiliated to Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all nurses in hospitals and educational and medical centers affiliated to Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. 331 of these individuals were selected by simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information in two sections: demographic information and questions related to specialized courses. Data were analyzed using descriptive indices, one-group t-test through SPSS.

Among 331 participants in the study, 182 (55%) were female nurses and 149 (45%) were male nurses. The mean age of participants was 32 years for women and 36 years for men. Four periods of adult resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, ECG interpretation and maternal resuscitation and preeclampsia with mean and standard deviation of 4.68±1.035, 4.38±0.801, 4.27±1.70 and 4.12±0.980, respectively had the highest mean among other periods.

Needs assessment of nurses as a target community along with using the opinion of nursing experts and managers can lead to greater effectiveness in developing courses.

In this study, vibration analysis of axial symmetric circular cylindrical shell has been investigated. The high-order theory is used to approximate the transverse displacement in this study. Hence, the transverse displacement based on the Fourier expansion is extended to three terms. Due to the symmetry of the cylindrical shell, only the axial mode has been investigated. The strain and kinetic energies are obtained for the circular cylindrical shell. The Hamiltonian principle was used to derive the equations of motion. The stiffness and mass matrices have been obtained by applying Galerkin method and finite element method. For this purpose, the linear shape function is used for all unknowns. In order to validate the research, comparing the axisymmetric frequencies of the results with previous studies has been used. Finally, the axisymmetric frequencies and axial mode shapes of the circular cylindrical shell for various boundary conditions are given, including simply support-simply support, clamped-clamped, clamped-simply support and clamped-free.

In decentralized construction projects, costs are mostly related to investment, material, holding, logistics, and other minor costs for implementation. For this reason, simultaneous planning of these items and appropriate scheduling of activities can significantly reduce the total costs of the project undertaken. This paper investigates the decentralized multiple construction projects scheduling problem with the aim of minimizing 1) the completion time of the construction projects and 2) the costs of project implementation. Initially, a bi-objective integer programming model is proposed which can solve small-size problems using the method. Then, a Priority Heuristic Algorithm (PHA), Non-dominate Sorting Artificial Bee Colony (NSABC) and Non-dominate Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) are developed to handle large-size problems using a modified version of Parallel Schedule Generation Scheme (PSGS). The computational investigations significantly reveal the performance of the proposed heuristic methods over exact ones. Finally, the proposed methods are ranked using TOPSIS approach and metric definition. The results show that NSGA-II-100 (NSGA-II with 100 iterations), NSABC-100 (NSABC with 100 iterations) and PHA are ranked as the best known solution methods, respectively.

The works of Safavid poets are a mirror of the social situation of this era due to their connection with the masses. This article seeks to answer the question of what problems the Safavid society was facing and how the people reacted to these issues by examining the poems of the poets of this era.

The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method is documentary (library).

A study of the works of historians of this era and the writings of Western tourists and most importantly the poems of Safavid thematic poets who were in charge of the court situation, indicates that due to the Safavids' long occupation to fight foreign enemies and the weakness of some young rulers and The inexperience of this dynasty in the administration of the vast territory under their rule, unfortunately, gradually spread all kinds of moral anomalies in the society of that time.

All kinds of anomalies from drugs and alcoholism to the prevalence of seasickness, theft, promiscuity and sexual perversions, had disturbed the situation of Safavid society. In the meantime, the famous poets of this era, who themselves were not immune from these harms, tried to inform the sections of the society about these matters and find a solution to get rid of these sufferings.

In recent decades, Iran has been facing severe water deficiency. In all countries, industrial plants are the most water-consuming sectors; thus, industrial wastewater treatment is always a essential subject. Nitro-Toluene derivatives are extensively used in industries, especially the military industry, which itself has an abundant share in industrial wastewater contamination. These compounds are extremely dangerous for living beings and can have irreparable effects, so eradication of them in industrial wastewater is necessary. Photocatalytic processes are one of the particular approaches in industrial wastewater treatment from the advanced oxidation processes subdivision. One of the prominent and most widely used photocatalysts in this process is Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) . This research aims at the investigations for the modification of  TiO2/Bentonite (TB) catalysts for attaining more economical saving and degradation stabilization conditions. To achieve this goal, the Bentonite and TiO2 photocatalyst was synthesized by a co-precipitation procedure, and its catalytic activity on Para Nitro-Toluene (PNT) degradation was examined. The designed TB photocatalyst is made of 5, 10 and 20 % of TB. A suspension reactor and the spectrophotometry was applied for specifying the extent of the degradation. Characterization of modified catalyst was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results highlight that with increasing TiO2 percent, degradation rate augmented, and the highest degradation was attained for TB 20% at 59%. However, Under the same conditions, for pure TiO2, the degradation rate is 64%, but with more TiO2 consumption and time. Finally, in order to further confirm the extent of the degradation, chemical oxygen demand (COD) test was performed on the TA20 sample. The results showed that about 53% of PNT has been converted to minerals.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of resilience training on psychological capital in addicted women leaving. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test design, post-test with control group and 2 months follow-up. The sample was selected from addicted women who were using the services of Isfahan Tohid Addiction Treatment Center in the summer of 1398. Among 38 addicted women, 30 were selected as a sample and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The data collection tool was Lutans (2007) Psychological Capital Scale. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that resilience intervention improved self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience of psychological capital components in addicted women leaving the experimental group compared with the Goa group. The findings were consistent after two months. Based on the results of the study, the effectiveness of resilience training on improving psychological capital in addicted women was confirmed; Therefore, it can be concluded that resilience training is an effective method that can improve self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience in these women.

Self-efficacy is the person's judgment of one's abilities and ensuring that one has individual abilities. People with higher self-efficacy have better mindfulness and self-awareness and set higher goals and adopt more desirable behavior by emotion regulation and achieve more success in various fields such as education. This study is descriptive-analytical. This study has the general purpose of determining and comparing the level of mindfulness and self-knowledge with emotional self-regulation and self-efficacy in the first semester and last semester undergraduate students studying at Shahid Beheshti University in the academic year of 2015-2016.  

This research is designed based on the hypothesis that there is a difference between emotion regulation and self-efficacy. The statistical population of the present study includes all undergraduate students entering the new academic year 2015 (1420 people) and final year undergraduate students (1660 people). Accordingly, the statistical sample of the study included 302 new students and 312 final year students with a mean age of 20.45 (standard deviation of 1.92). It was calculated based on Cochran's formula and selected by random sampling. The research tools included Awareness Scale, Cohesive Self-Knowledge, Emotion Regulation, and Sherer Self-Efficacy. And data analysis was conducted using multivariate analysis of variance.  

The results indicated that there was a significant difference between self-knowledge, emotion regulation, and self-efficacy in the first semester and last semester students (P=0.01), but there was no difference in the variable of mindfulness among students (P>0.05).  

The results show that by improving emotion regulation as well as better self-awareness, a person will have higher self-efficacy

The conventional eddy current method for non-destructive inspection of welding joints has limitations that can examine defects to a certain depth below the surface of the sample and is not suitable for determining deep defects. This limitation can be overcome using the SQUID superconducting sensors. The nonstoichiometric composition of YBCO due to its superconducting temperature and desired critical current density is widely used including the use of highly sensitive SQUID sensors. The properties and temperature of the superconducting compound are related to producing pure and homogeneous with a precise ratio of this non-stoichiometric compound in phase Y:123. In this study, the production of this high-temperature superconductor was carried out using a sol gel self-combustion process with nitrate forming elements and then produced powder analyzed by TGA, XRD, scanning electron microscopy, and EDX method and optimum conditions for production of Y:123 superconducting nanopowder were obtained by sol gel self-combustion method. In these conditions, the superconducting phase Y:123 was produced and the impurities were removed and on the other hand, the need for further thermal treatment and the costly annealing process were removed. Finally, optimal conditions for deposition of this compound on the substrate for producing the SQUID sensor were investigated and an optimal condition was presented to produce thin layer YBCO deposited by pulsed laser deposition method and patterned to produce SQUID High temperature Superconductor SQUID sensor. Finally the SQUID based NDT test for detecting sub-surfaces defects was investigated.

This study aimed to determine the mediating role of the inhibition-behavioral activation system in the relationship between childhood abuse experience with social anxiety symptoms and generalized anxiety disorder in adults.

The aim of this study was basic in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the data collection method. Harassment, Behavioral Inhibition / Activation System, Social Anxiety and Pervasive Anxiety. Correlation coefficients and path analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results of correlation showed a significant relationship between childhood abuse experience with behavioral activation, behavioral inhibition, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety. Also, the evaluation of the structural model using statistical indicators showed that the experience of coefficient abuse has a significant direct effect on social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder through activation and behavioral inhibition. The findings supported the appropriate fit of the hypothetical structure between the research variables.

Behavioral activation and inhibition can play a significant mediating role between childhood abuse and social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder in adulthood.

Heat transfer in foams consists of conduction through solid and gaseous phases, convection within the cells as well as radiation through the whole medium. Radiation thermal conduction affects the overall thermal conductivity by 40% in a high porosity. Therefore, the investigation of that term seems to be necessary. Radiation thermal conduction depends on the extinction coefficient which its determination is experimentally complex. In this study, this coefficient is theoretically estimated using Glicksman model for polyolefin foams and is verified in comparison with the experimental data. Extinction coefficient which plays an effective role in the radiation thermal conduction depends on the morphological properties including foam and solid densities, cell and strut diameters. The results demonstrate that the radiation thermal conduction decreases by reducing cell size and increasing foam density and strut diameter. An L25 orthogonal array of Taguchi approach is used for optimization of radiation thermal conduction respect to foam density, cell and strut diameters as variable parameters. The analysis of variance results illuminate that foam density and cell diameter with 58 and 32% contribution are the most effective parameters on the radiation thermal conduction, respectively. At optimum conditions according to the prediction tool of Taguchi approach, the radiation thermal conduction significantly decreases to 1.0908 mW/mK.

lations between Iran and Saudi Arabia after the revolution has always been associated with fluctuations. In order to conduct scientific research, with the aim of formulating political scenarios under the influence of external relations, Iran and Saudi Arabia following the developments in the region Arabic (1391) to the period from 1404 Hijri, research to answer the question that the most important political scenarios affect relations Iran and Saudi foreign Arabic region to the year 1404 after changes mean? Therefore, research in terms of goal, but in terms of the nature of the application and descriptive - analytic. And the statistical experts and scholars that the first step by the 12 members of the elite important factor in foreign relations, Iran and Saudi reckon and then according to the method of analysis of data from quantitative factors Ehsai between 22 experts qualified in the questionnaire were assessed. The scenario is as follows: The dispute between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Islamic revolutionary ideology in the next decade will be maintained. Tension in relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia with regard to the situation in the region, in the next decade will increase., With implementation Brjam (January 1394), concerns about Saudi influence regional and global Iran will increase and Saudi Arabia are forced to act differently will., between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the geopolitical Bahrain, Iraq over the next decade continues.