majid darabi

The purpose of this research is to explain the solutions to the promotion of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom with a civilizational approach. It has been conducted to identify the main dimensions and themes in promoting the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom.

The research method in this study is qualitative and Meta-Synthesis. The library research method was used for collecting data. The study population includes all scientific resources related to solutions to the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom with a civilizational approach.

The results of this study identified the findings of previous studies and integrated them based on variables with high reliability. In conclusion, the main dimensions of promotion of the culture of promoting the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom with a civilizational approach include:-   Background and context  Utilizing relevant institutions  Utilizing technologies and mass media Utilizing of art, artists and literature  Optimal promotion and publicity  Attention to the role of museums, memorials, works, symbols, statues etc. in the field of sacrifice and martyrdom Removing and overcoming obstacles and harmful phenomena in the culture of sacrifice and martyrdomStrengthening programs, works and individuals in the field of sacrifice and martyrdom culture  Attention to institutions, structures and policies in the field of sacrifice and martyrdom Attention to and strengthening of the dignity of martyrs Support and commending prominent people in the field of promoting the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom   Promoting the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in various forms, titles and spectrums  And monitoring and scientifically evaluating the effectiveness of programs and actions in the field of promoting the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom. Each of these encompasses various components.

Addressing the requirements of modern Islamic civilization is one of the ideal issues; one of the necessities and important categories for realizing the new Islamic civilization and strategies in the progress of Islamic society is the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom strategies. While this culture is one of the main strategies in preserving national identity and culture, social development and socialization, it is the most reliable way to achieve modern Islamic civilization, which can guarantee the strengthening of the elements of civilization and the emergence of a new Islamic civilization. Also, this huge cultural flow can be one of the most efficient and effective ways to deal with the enemy's soft war and as one of the most popular cultural arenas in the country with a positive impact in different dimensions for the adolescents of this country and other parts of the world in passing through it, to familiarize with the value concepts and lasting effects of this culture. Therefore, it is necessary for managers and officials of the country to be aware of efficient and effective strategies in this context and different research must be conducted to promote the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. Several strategies are mentioned in this research. These strategies were combined to increase reliability, using the Meta-Synthesis method. A new framework has been presented to promote the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom.

 Administering Cinacalcet HCl (CINA) can be challenging because of its low oral bioavailability (20 to 25%) due mainly to its high first-pass metabolism and poor aqueous solubility. However, nanosuspensions are an effective way of enhancing solubility by reducing size. Furthermore, pulmonary delivery of the drug as a promising alternative route can bypass the hepatic first-pass metabolism.

 A CINA nanosuspension was produced by sonoprecipitation and optimized to achieve minimum particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). These nanosuspensions were then spray-dried with different types of sugars to form nano-in-micro composite particles. The particles were then analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the dissolution rate, solubility, and in vitro aerosol deposition behavior were determined.

 The particle size of nanosuspensions was in the range of 239.5 to 1281.8 nm and the size was dependent on the process parameters. The spray-dried microparticles had a smooth and spherical surface morphology. The particle size of the composite particles was in the range of 2 to 10 µm and the dissolution rate of processed powders was significantly higher than raw CINA powder. Its crystallinity was partially diminished and no polymorphic conversion were observed. The in vitro deposition study, using a twin-stage impinger (TSI), presented fine particle fractions up to 76.7 percent.

 The utilization of nano-in-micro composite particles as a pulmonary delivery system for CINA has shown great potential in enabling a more efficient drug delivery.

 In this study, we prepared inhalable buserelin microparticles using the spray freeze-drying (SFD) method for pulmonary drug delivery. Raffinose as a cryoprotectant carrier was combined with two levels of five different cyclodextrins (CDs) and then processed by SFD.

 Dry powder diameters were evaluated by laser light scattering and morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were utilized for the determination of crystalline structures. The aerodynamic properties of the spray freeze-dried powders were evaluated by twin stage impinger (TSI) and the stability of prepared samples was assessed under normal and accelerated conditions.

 The prepared powders were mostly porous spheres and the size of microparticles ranged from 9.08 to 13.53 μm, which are suitable as spray-freeze dried particles. All formulations showed amorphous structure confirmed by DSC and XRD. The aerosolization performance of the formulation containing buserelin, raffinose and 5% beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD), was the highest and its fine particle fraction (FPF) was 69.38%. The more circular and separated structures were observed in higher concentrations of CDs, which were compatible with FPFs. The highest stability was obtained in the formulation containing hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-16. CD) 5%. On the contrary, sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 5% bearing particles showed the least stability.

 By adjusting the type and ratio of CDs in the presence of raffinose, the prepared formulations could effectively enhance the aerosolization and stability of buserelin. Therefore, they can be proposed as a suitable career for lung drug delivery.

The main purpose of this article is to identify effective interventions for the success of school principals in Tehran. 8 teachers and 7 top school principals were selected using purposive sampling method and were interviewed semi-structured. By selecting this number of individuals, the researcher reached a theoretical saturation in gathering information at the interview stage; thematic analysis technique (theme) was used to analyze the data. To ensure the validity of the research, members reviewed and multidimensional data sources were used, and to calculate the reliability of the coding, the methods of retest reliability and intra-subject agreement reliability (agreement between two coders) were used. As a result of this study; Effective interventions for the success of school principals in Tehran, including the components of recognizing or determining the mission and purpose and formulating a plan for school development and progress, difference management, evaluation and feedback, monitoring and smart guidance, optimal use of colleagues, recognition and implementation Proper tasks, roles and responsibilities and management of challenges, optimal management of resources, strengthening the sense of security in school, supporting the independence of teachers in teaching, striving to attract and retain and supporting and motivating quality teachers and students, striving for empowerment Self-improvement and teachers, identifying the needs, problems and issues of the school, students and teachers and trying to solve them, trying to prepare students for life, employment and education, play a leadership role. Quantitatively, the framework of the identified interventions was re-implemented in the interviewed sample and the identified interventions were approved.

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the consequences of establishing successful management in Tehran schools. The mixed exploratory research method and the statistical population included all the professors of the field of educational management as well as all the principals of the top schools in the academic year of 2018-2019 in Tehran. 8 professors and 7 principals of top schools were selected using the purposeful sampling method and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis (theme) technique was used to analyze the data. To ensure the validity of the research, the review by the members and the multi-directional method of data sources were used, and to calculate the reliability of the done coding, the methods of retest reliability and intrasubject agreement reliability (agreement between two coders) were used. As a result of this study; The consequences of establishing successful management in schools in Tehran, including dimensions: scientific, cultural and social improvement of the society; Improving the status of the educational system and its management; Education of the ideal citizen; reduction of injuries and problems; school success; The feeling of success and satisfaction of parents, teachers, employees and students from the correct and logical functioning of the school; Academic and educational progress and success and getting support from the school. In the quantitative stage, the identified framework of the consequences of establishing successful management in schools was again confirmed in the interviewed sample of implementation and identified consequences.

The main purpose of this article was to design and validate a model of quality management of teaching activities for university faculty members. This research was done in the framework of qualitative and quantitative approach. In the qualitative phase, 12 university education experts were selected purposefully and with a theoretical sampling strategy and were interviewed in a semi-structured manner. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population was the faculty members of Shahid University (N= 268)). By applying Cochran's sampling formula, 154 people were selected as a sample by stratified proportional sampling method. Thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the data and to validate the proposed model, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach was used. After the implementation of the content of the interviews and their preliminary analysis, the primary codes or concepts were identified and placed in certain categories. For each class, a title that includes all the codes of that class was chosen. As a result of this study, the model of quality management of teaching activities for university faculty members was determined, which, according to academic research experts, it included four dimensions (Background and context, planning, implementation and evaluation, and improvement) and 30 components. The results of quantitative data analysis showed that the research sample evaluated the model of quality management of teaching activities for university faculty members at the desired level and the existence of these dimensions and their related components have been recognized as important. The validation of the designed model showed that all observable variables have appropriate factor loading on their latent variable and according to the PLS indicators, they have the necessary usefulness to measure their corresponding current variable. Also, the findings of the goodness of fit test and other model quality indicators showed that the proposed model of the quality management model of teaching activities for university faculty members has the necessary quality and fit.

One of the significant missions of universities is to provide training and the most important factor in accomplishing this mission are the faculty members. There are several factors involved in improving the training status of faculty members. The purpose of this study is to identify the components affecting this issue based on A Meta-Synthesis Study method. Research findings show that these components are classified in the dimensions of: 1- Communication and social competence (communication skill, respect and openness, availability, student participation and apprenticeship), 2- Professional competence ( mastery of the subject (scientific ability), science research and scientific exploration, source ology, engage with students & commitment to the course and field), 3- Professional competencies (presentation, design & organization skills, educational environment management, evaluation skills & facilitate learning and thinking in students), 4- Individual / personality competence ( personality characteristics , interest to teaching and learning, pay attention to value principles, moral, religious & cultural norms, pay attention to the law, having teaching experience, obtaining student consent, responsibility in education, time management, manage differences , disorders & demographic characteristics), and, 5- Environmental and managerial conditions (space, student, facilities and equipment and managerial support).

purpose of this article is to analyze the necessary components during the teaching This research was conducted in the framework of a qualitative and quantitative approach in the qualitative stage, 12 university education experts were purposefully selected and interviewed with a theoretical sampling strategy and semi-structured. Thematic analysis technique (theme) was used to analyze the data. To ensure the validity of the research, the members used (interviews) and multidisciplinary methods of data sources and to calculate the reliability of the coding, the reliability methods were tested and the reliability of the in-subject agreement (agreement between the two coders) was used. After implementing the content of the interviews and their preliminary analysis, the initial codes or concepts were identified and placed in specific categories in order to achieve the main categories of similar codes. Finally, for each class, a title containing all the codes of that class was selected. As a result of this study, the necessary components in teaching faculty members of universities were determined. According to academic research experts, the components of determining the starting point of teaching, teaching methods, leadership and classroom management, implementation of lesson plans, time management, initiative and innovation in The classroom, managing differences, stimulating and facilitating learning, research-oriented teaching, communication and interaction, use of equipment and facilities, attracting participation and collaboration in the classroom, collaboration of faculty members together are important.examined and the extracted structures were approved.

The main purpose of this research was to design and validate the quality management model of the research activities of university faculty members.

The research method was exploratory mixed and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 experts in the field of quality of university research. After theoretical saturation, dimensions and components of quality management of research activities of university faculty members were extracted and the model was designed. The designed model for validation was provided to the interviewees and 12 of them provided their opinions ( model validity).

Based on the research findings, the most important dimensions and components of quality management of research activities, including dimension of )cultural / value, communication / information, laws, equipment, barriers, financial resources and specialization( dimension of policies and missions )policies, goals and mission( after planning )Identifying issues and needs, setting goals, formulating a plan, preparing the program for operation, joint activities and cooperation, assigning tasks and tasks( dimension of support-incentive systems, )creating incentives, guidance and counseling, reducing conflicts Educational and executive, empowerment and empowerment and ethics( and then monitoring and evaluation is )the correction of research indicators and processes, monitoring the research process, identifying and analyzing the effectiveness of research, paying attention to the application of research and providing feedback .Also, the statistical study showed that the model has sufficient and appropriate validity in the opinion of experts in the field of research quality in universities. To improve the quality of research activities of university faculty members, following and implementing this model will be helpful.

The main purpose of this article is to design and validate a model for managing the quality of research activities of university faculty members. This research has been done in the framework of a qualitative and quantitative approach; For this purpose, in the qualitative stage, 14 experts in the field of academic research quality were purposefully selected with a theoretical sampling strategy and interviewed in a semi-structured manner. Thematic analysis technique (theme) was used to analyze the data. After implementing the content of the interviews and their preliminary analysis, the codes or basic concepts were identified and in order to achieve the main categories, similar codes were placed in special categories. Finally, for each category, a title was selected that includes all the codes of that category. As a result of this study, the model of quality management of research activities of university faculty members was identified, which according to academic research experts, includes the dimensions of bedrock, policies and missions, planning, support / incentive systems, and the dimension of evaluation and monitoring. Are that the sum of them in the pattern is 25 components. The results of quantitative data analysis showed that the research sample evaluated the quality management model of research activities of university faculty members at the desired level and recognized the existence of these dimensions and their related components as important and important. Validation of the model designed in the research sample showed that all observable variables have a suitable factor load on their latent variable and according to PLS indicators have the necessary desirability to measure their corresponding latent variable. Also, the findings of the goodness of fit test and other quality indicators of the model showed that the proposed model of quality management model of research activities of faculty members of universities has the necessary quality and fit.

Studies shows that women who have been unfaithful to their husbands suffer from symptoms of depression and rumination, research has also shown the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on depressive symptoms and rumination. therefore according to the research background, there was a research gap in the field of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on rumination and depressive symptoms in women after infidelity.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on women who experienced symptoms of depression and rumination.

The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group in women affected by infidelity. The population of this study was 73 women affected by infidelity in the eastern suburbs of Tehran who referred to the resuscitation group therapy center of the heart and answered the Nolan Hoxma (2003) Ruminant Ruminant Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory (1996). Out of 73 participants, 30 participants were selected in two groups of 15 people (control and experimental) who met the criteria for entering the study and were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90-minute Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Finally, after the post-test, the results were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance.

Findings showed that after the end of follow-up, the results of the experimental group in both depression and rumination variables were significantly different in post-test and follow-up test, but this difference was not observed between the control group in three stages (P> 0.05).

Considering that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in reducing rumination and depressive symptoms such as unpleasant and repetitive thoughts, inefficiency of current behavior as well as accepting the problem and creating a gap between current thoughts and practice in women affected by infidelity, it can be He did it on more examples and in a society with a different culture.

The main purpose of this research is to designing and validating a quality management model for teaching activities of university faculty members. This research was conducted base on framework of qualitative approach. To this purpose, 12 University Education Experts were selected purposefully and with a theoretical sampling strategy and interviewed in a semi-structured way. To analyze the data, the thematic analysis technique was used. To ensure the validity of the research used of reviewed by members (interviewees) and the triangulation of the data sources methods. Also, to calculate reliability were used of the retest and the agreement between the two coder methods. After implementing the content of the interviews and their preliminary analysis, Codes or basic concepts were identified and In order to achieve the main categories, similar codes are placed on specific categories. Finally, for each of the categories, the title that contains the entire codes was select. Qualitative findings showed that the most important aspects for managing the quality of teaching activities of university faculty members include context (mission, culture, rules & structure), planning (audience recognition and  their needs, and Expectations, formulation of goals, curriculum development, provision of teaching environments and equipment, and master assignments), implementation (starting point of teaching, teaching methods, leadership and classroom management, implementation) and evaluation(evaluation of Student learning, student evaluation of professors, peer and expert evaluation, Master evaluate the program, feedback and enjoying it and Improvement Program) were identified. The results of the t-test also showed that the model was valid and appropriate.

The main purpose of this research is to exploration  the competencies of faculty members in quality teaching. This research was conducted base on framework of qualitative approach. To this purpose, 12 University Education Experts  were selected purposefully and with a theoretical sampling strategy and interviewed in a semi-structured way. To analyze the data, the thematic analysis technique was used. To ensure the validity of the research used of reviewed by members (interviewees) and the triangulation of the data sources methods. Also, to calculate reliability were used of the retest and the agreement between the two coder methods. After implementing the content of the interviews and their preliminary analysis, Codes or basic concepts were identified and In order to achieve the main categories, similar codes are placed on specific categories. Finally, for each of the categories, the title that contains the entire codes was select. As a result of this study, According to university education experts, this competencies is important for the quality of teaching of faculty members : Professional, specialized, socio-communicative, ethical, teaching interest and personality traits are important

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between organizational culture type and organizational commitment with emotional resistance to change. The statistical population of the study includes the administrative staff of public universities in Tehran who have been selected using a simple random sampling method, a sample size of 76. The tools used in this study are three standard questionnaires; the results of this study show a positive and significant relationship between all types of organizational culture with emotional resistance to change in the staff of the Central Organization of Shahed University. There is also a positive and significant relationship between all components of organizational commitment and emotional resistance to change in the staff of the Central Organization of Shahed University. The correlation coefficient of organizational culture with emotional resistance to change in the total sample was 0.854. Also predict the coefficient of explanation of the variable. 341 means that 34% of the variance of the criterion variable (emotional resistance to change) is predicted by the predictor variable (organizational culture type). Also, the result of regression analysis shows that the correlation coefficient of the component of continuous commitment with emotional resistance to change in the total sample was 0.38. Also, the predetermined coefficient of variable determination is 0.146, which means that 14% of the variance of the criterion variable (emotional resistance to change) is predicted by the predictor variable of continuous commitment. Other components of organizational commitment (emotional commitment, mandatory or normative commitment) are excluded from the formula.

Lowness of the registered doses by the personal dosimeters (film badge in Iran) for most of dental radiology practitioners has made some of them doubtful about the rightness of the employed dosimetry method. On the other hand, some relatively considerable occupational exposures in dental radiology have been reported. These two opposite facts propose a comprehensive statistical and analytical research on the exposure levels in this practice. A thorough investigation on the available personal dosimetry data for dental radiology was carried out to define the occupational dose distribution of the practitioners. Furthermore, employing a supplementary assessment through questioners on the cases exceeding the investigation dose level, validity of such cases was verified. The results showed that more than 90% of the dental radiology practitioners receive doses near to the background level and 99% of them receive doses less that the annual dose limit for the public (1mSv/y). The investigations showed that only few cases have been registered doses over the investigation level, out of which, only one case has been the real exposure of the person to the ionizing radiation. In sum, occupational exposure in dental radiology is negligible and needlessness of the practice to personal dosimeters can be concluded.

Quality of education is the main characteristic of higher education and its improvement depends on the mechanisms of evaluation. Evaluation is also a systematic process for collection, analysis and interpretation of information to study achievement of educational goals. Regarding the necessity of improvement of educational quality especially in medical sciences, the authorities of medical college of shahed university felt obliged to use accreditation model for evaluation and improvement of educational quality in Medical Faculty shahed university. Method of this study is applied and descriptive which aims at studying ten factors including mission and goals, management and organizational structure, academic staff, students, education process and learning, courses, educational programs, graduates, premises and facilities of education, research and treatment (laboratory and diagnosis), investigation and non-academic staff, and management. Statistical data were collected from the chairman, deputies, heads of departments, academic staff, students, graduates and employees. To collect the data, we used seven questionnaires whose reliability and validity were considered and confirmed. To judge acceptability of any of the evaluated parameters we used five point Likert scale. of ten factors, one was acceptable, seven relatively acceptable and two were unacceptable. If implemented the results of this study may improve educational quality of medical faculties.

Abstract: Dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations usually contain micronized drug particles and lactose as a carrier. Fine lactose could be used as a ternary component to improve drug delivery from DPIs. The aim of this study was to investigate the deposition profile of a model drug, cefotaxime sodium (CS), using coarse and fine carriers after aerosolization at 60 l/min via a spinhaler® into a twin stage liquid impinger (TSI). Two micronization methods. jet milling and spray drying were used to micronize the active drug and carrier. The particle size of CS and lactose were characterized by laser diffraction, and the morphology of formulations was examined by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction of jet milled lactose showed crystalline nature, but spray dried lactose exhibited an amorphous state. The results showed the existence of fine lactose in formulations significantly (p<0.05) influenced the deposition profiles of aerosolized jet milled CS. However, no significant (p>0.05) difference was observed between the effect of jet milled and spray dried lactose. On the other hand selection of micronization technique to reduce particle size of CS, was very effective on deposition profile. The highest influence of fine lactose was obtained by formulation containing jet milled CS in ratio of drug/carrier 1/1 and 10% of fine lactose as third component.

Abstract: Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have attained considerable attention due to their propellant-free formulations and the patient’s inherent coordination with actuation. Generally, DPI formulations consist of a micronized drug alone or mixed with carrier particles. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of carrier particle size and weight fraction on aerosolisation behaviour of cromolyn sodium (CS). Pharmatose® 450M and Pharmatose® 325M, two commercial α-lactose monohydrate with different particle sizes, were blended in two different fractions (30 and 50% w/w) with CS. A low resistance device (Spinhaler®) and a medium resistance device (Cyclohaler®), were used to evaluate the effect of inhaler design on the deposition profiles of CS. The in vitro deposition of the formulations was determined using a twin stage impinger (TSI). Fine particle dose, fine particle fraction and emitted dose of the drug were depended to both formulation and inhalation devices. Fine particle fractions of the drug aerosolised from the formulations ranged from 9.35 up to 36.45%. The highest fine particle fraction was produced by formulation containing 50% Pharmatose® 450M as carrier. Cyclohaler® showed higher efficiency in aerosolisation of CS compared to Spinhaler®.