فهرست مطالب mansour nikpanah

The sociology of the human body is a new and important fields of sociology. Investigating physicality in any society leads one to a type of worldview of the human body that governs societies. In this research, based on Asadi Toosi's Garshaspnameh, the topic of physicality is investigated to determine what view the Iranian society in Asadi's era had on the body and what attitude his epic poem has towards the human body in terms of specific literary genre. had. In this research, we have addressed topics such as religious body, class body, and body language. From an ideological point of view, the body is placed versus the soul and is humiliated in Garshaspnameh. Although the body is praised in terms of aesthetics and inner strength, it is considered as a prison for the soul with no distinct or independent validity. Also, the class body refers to the bodies of the king, the warriors and their wives, but the descriptions of the body of the king and the warriors’ wives gain meaning next to the warriors’ body  and are centered on him. In general, Asadi's view of the body is a racial-class view. This descriptive-analytical research has been conducted with the library method and on the basis of Garshaspnameh and other works in the Persian literature.

After Islam expanded beyond the land of Hijaz during the era of conquests, various tribes and races converged upon it and became subjects of the Islamic caliphate. Consequently, extensive interactions took place between the people of the conquered lands and the Arabs. Among them, individuals who embraced Islam were placed under the protection of an Arab patron and thus, became integrated into Arab society under the title of "Mawālī." Utilizing this privilege, the Mawālī progressed in various political, social, and especially Islamic fields, including asceticism, Islamic jurisprudence, and interpretation, and authored prominent works. In this regard, the question arises as to why the works of Mawālī commentators such as Mujāhid ibn Jabr, Muhammad ibn Ka'b Qarẓī, and Ḥasan Baṣrī were significant during the Followers Era. The hypothesis suggests that by engaging in the science of interpretation, they were able to produce simpler interpretations compared to Arab commentators, making their study less burdensome for people and enabling them to derive greater benefits from it in life. This article meticulously examines the dimensions and aspects of this subject using a historical research approach based on description and analysis. The research findings indicate that although the Mawālī did not have a deep familiarity with the Arabic language, their performance led Shia commentators, alongside Sunni scholars, to produce good and simpler works, thereby contributing to the growth of this science in Islam.

Islamic civilization is based on Sharia law and all its components are similar; Religion, ethics, science and justice are in accordance with the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah and the Shia imams, and it is monotheistic in general. On the other hand, Mahdism is one of the concepts that has always been a way to escape from tyranny and oppression and to realize social justice throughout the history of Islam and many centuries. Therefore, adopting such an approach to the concept of Mahdism is effective in the coherence of the Islamic Revolution and the formation of the great Islamic civilization. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to answer the question of how Mahdism can play a role in the realization of Islamic civilization? Therefore, in this article, an attempt is made to describe and analyze the different dimensions and angles of this issue by using the library research method. The findings show that Mahdism is the ultimate goal and the main goal of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, but to achieve it and the emergence and preservation of Islamic civilization, issues such as continuous attention to the teachings and thoughts of Mahdism, Jihad explanation for guidance The people and the foundation of the emergence is a central expectation in the Islamic lifestyle at all levels, as well as the education of pious and learned people, so that in this way, the obstacles are removed and the society moves towards progress and excellence.

The topic of the apocalypse and the appearance of a savior is one of the most comprehensive ideas in the world, and new topics are raised every day. Among Muslims, knowledge and a deep attitude towards the signs of the universal reformer of Hazrat Wali Asr (PBUH) can play an effective role in consolidating the doctrine of Mahdism and waiting for a faithful lifestyle and neutralizing the false claims of false claimants. The Barilavi school is a sect of the Hanafi school with a Sufi orientation, and in their studies, attention has been paid to the signs of the emergence of Imam Asr (a.s.). From the point of view of the followers of the Barilavi school, that imam has an external and internal caliphate, and with the universalization of his rule, favorable conditions for the reformation and transformation of religious societies will emerge, and the divine law will prevail, and human life will be organized in the path of excellence and evolution. In the present essay, some of the signs of the world of possibility from Brillouye's point of view, such as the spread of corruption and destruction, the emergence of Dajjal and Sufiani, and the abundance of moral corruption, have been pointed out as the most important signs of the emergence of that universal justice. This research is descriptive and analytical and has been done with the library method and referring to authentic documents.

Abdurrahman Jami, a mystic poet of the Persian language, has described and interpreted the mystical view of creation in his works, both poetry and prose. Habi Ibn Arabi's theory of motion created a revolution in the theories of creation. His students and followers elaborated and explained this view in their works. Sadr al-Din Qonavi and his students, such as Maulvi Jalal al-Din and Fakhr al-Din Iraqi, are commentators from this spectrum. According to these thinkers, Abdulrahman Jami worked to spread their ideas artistically. In this article, the author deals with the subject of the love movement in the descending arc and the ascending arc. In this regard, he has taken help from all the works of Jami. This research is descriptive and analytical and has been done with the library method and reference to first-hand documents. The result of the research showed that the form part of Jami's works is directed towards the arc of ascent and reconnecting to the general truth; Telling different stories and parables is just to clarify the different angles of this matter. Therefore, the totality of Jami's works is in line with multiplicity to unity, environment to center and bottom to top. The Seleucid path is the basis and complement of the existential path to meet the truth in the qualities of beauty.

The literature of every country stores and carries a treasure of beliefs and beliefs of that land. Belief in the appearance of the savior Mosleh at the end of the era of Aqeedah is a belief that can be observed and followed in the texts and writings of poets and composers of literary works. The emergence of the Islamic revolution in Iran made a series of beliefs clear and rich. One of these beliefs is the belief in the appearance of a savior and specifically Hazrat Hojjat wa Qaim al-Abbas. In this research, we are criticizing contemporary poetry texts of the revolution (before and after the revolution) and the extent of reflection of these themes in such works. The results obtained from the investigations are that the more the revolutionary passion and desire for freedom and resistance and stability among Iranians have become stronger, the more frequent the words related to the savior and the promised one become. In this research, by referring to the works of contemporary poets, searching for Mahdavi keywords in them has been done. This research, which is of the type of content analysis and descriptive analysis, collected the required information and data using a library method and randomly selected and reviewed the collection of poems of contemporary poets (after the constitutional revolution).

Infants and novices are the most important assets of a country to ensure the future and continuity of the movement that the land claims to carry out. For the Islamic system of Iran, the future generations are the most important reserves of this path. Considering the importance of this period, the necessity of educating this generation according to national and Islamic patterns is worth noting. In this research, the researcher aims to investigate the important components of education, including the index of belief in the Savior, in comparison with each other. This research, which is descriptive and analytical, has been carried out by relying on content analysis and using the library method. The required data based on the desired statistical population, that is; He has collected Persian books for the six primary grades as platforms for the transmission of the country's culture. By examining the desired components, we come to the conclusion that despite the importance of giving hope and drawing the future for the future generation, the item of belief in the savior is seen in the lowest position of the frequency chart of this section. As a rule, the reflection of this component with such abundance, considering the type of attitude and claim that as an Islamic society, which provides a platform for Muslims and the oppressed of the world, is neither suitable nor worthy, and the need to revise these headlines in reprints or changes is mandatory. It is essential.

Every social human being must acquire the ten life skills to an acceptable extent. If these skills are properly learned from childhood, they can lead to adaptable behavior towards others and the world around in adulthood. These skills can be taught to and institutionalized I children by the use of children's books, especially fiction books, which are powerful tools in this regard. This study aims at investigating the quantity and quality of life skills incorporated in the most-read books of children. The researchers seek the answer to this question: to what extent are life skills incorporated in children's books and how each skill is presented in the story?

 According to the outbreak of Covid-19, experts and politicians are working to inform people completely about the crisis in their country and around the world. In the meantime, the use of the metaphor of "war" as a linguistic instrument is very common. Therefore, the present study examines the metaphor of "war" in the domestic and international news statements and texts related to the Covid-19 disease based on The Frame Semantics theory. This research is a descriptive- analytic research. To this end, the metaphors of the domestic news statements related to COVID-19 were selected from 20:30 news and online news, ISNA and IRNA, and the metaphors of the international statements related to COVID-19 were gathered from Guardian news, New York Times news and the website of Twitter. 500 metaphors in these texts were extracted through “Metaphor Identification Procedure” pattern suggested by Pragglejaz. Then, the metaphors located in the “disease” semantic frame and their frame elements were identified. The findings demonstrated that to create metaphors, the core and non-core elements of the frame play a more tangible semantic role. For example, the core element patient in the “disease” frame enters the "war" frame and plays the semantic role of one of the parties as the core element. On the other hand, the core elements of the frame such as case and purpose and non-core elements including duration, tools, method, position, size, result, time and place of war can get a role in the frame of disease.

The current research was carried out with the aim of investigating and analyzing the level of attention paid to the components of moral education in Persian texts of the first secondary school. The research method is categorical content analysis and the unit of analysis includes text, poems, and images. The statistical population of this research is the Persian books of first to third grade schools in 1399-1400 and the research approach is practical. The tool for collecting information is a checklist. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics indicators of frequency and percentage have been used. The main results of the research showed that in the Persian books of the seventh grade, the most expressions belong, respectively, to the components of nature and love and affection, and the components of patience and tolerance and condemnation of whims and sensual desires have the least appearance. In the eighth and ninth grades, respectively, the components of naturalism and patriotism showed the most. Also, in the 8th grade, the components of patience and tolerance and contentment and in the 9th grade, contentment and condemnation of sensual whims and desires have the least expression. The question that we seek to answer in this research is, "How much coverage do moral components include in the content of the intended texts?"

This study deals with comparing the metaphors in Persian news texts related to Covid-19 disease within the two periods of the initial outbreak and its peak in October 2020 based on the Frame Semantics Theory. This research is a descriptive-analytic research. To this end, by using the news texts in Keyhan and Shargh newspaper, 20:30 news and online news agnecies, ISNA and IRNA, the metaphors related to COVID-19 were selected. 600 metaphors in these texts were extracted through “Metaphor Identification Procedure” pattern suggested by Pragglejaz. Then, the metaphors placed in the “disease” semantic frame, and their frame elements were identified. Finally, the frequency of the most used metaphors including "Corona is war", "Corona is a natural phenomenon", "Corona is a travel" and "Corona is another living thing" in the two periods between the initial outbreak  and the third peak in October 2020 were determined. The SPSS software was used for data analysis, and data were compared with each other. The findings demonstrated that in the beginning of the disease outbreak, the "Corona is war" metaphor is the most used metaphor in news texts with 44% frequency. But, during its peak in October 2020 coinciding the beginning of the cold season, the "Corona is war" metaphor has the highest rate of use among metaphors with 83% frequency. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the use of "corona is war" metaphor in the beginning of the disease outbreak and the peak time of the disease in October 2020.

Having hope and readiness to face future events is one of the things that has been increasingly considered in today's world. To the extent that numerous institutions have been established in this regard. In our country, the history of dealing with issues related to the future is rooted in the depths of history, and at the same time, paying attention to having a country with vitality and hope was considered one of the most important duties. With the advent of Islam, this view was both confirmed and strengthened. To nurture a generation that grows and educates with these principles, one must start investing from a student age. In this regard, compiling textbooks for students with this view is necessary. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method of library type and for compiling the work, we have referred to the desired sources which are the same literature books of the first and second secondary school. Based on the studies conducted, it was determined that the conditions in the books in question are not favorable in terms of hope and foresight and need to be reviewed.

Sahar Adnan Khalifa is a well-known Palestinian Muslim writer as one of the flagships of Arab and Palestinian writing. By addressing issues such as Eastern and Palestinian women, as well as the broad concepts of homeland and resilience against oppression and occupation, she emphasizes the original Islamic and religious culture, as well as the East. In his works, what is the Arab and Palestinian man as well as the recognition and definition of women are known as the most important manifestations of identity. Eastern and Palestinian women have different positive and negative faces that show their identity to the same extent, and also when it comes to homeland and stability, she has not taken any steps except in the service of national identity. This paper examines how these identities manifest. This article has been prepared and compiled in a descriptive and analytical manner, and at the same time, it tries to regulate the desired data by using the library method and referring to valid documents. Criticizing the works of Sahar Khalifa, the findings show that despite studying in Western countries, he has never distanced himself from his Islamic and Eastern civilization and culture.

With regard to the legitimacy and salvation of the religious followers, three general approaches have always been the center of attention: Exclusivism, pluralism, and inclusiveness. Religious pluralism was born as an approach in the twentieth century, but its roots can be found in some of the speeches of the ancients such as Muslim mystics. One of them is Jalal o din Mohammad Maolavi (Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī) to whom ambiguous positions are attributed. This research has been done through analytical-descriptive method focusing on Mawlānā’s words and using the views of  scholars who study Mawlānā. The results show that despite the numerous evidences of exclusivism, inclusiveness, and pluralism in his words, the general and absolute verdict that he is an exclusivist or pluralist is unjustified in rescuing the religious followers. He believes that the truth is one. It seems different because people look at it from the different angles. The unobtrusiveness of the true reality and the limitations of the perceptual powers are the reason of the different opinions. Mawlānā believes that divine religions are one light radiated from different lights and there are not any differences between them. All of them rescue people’s life. But regarding legitimacy, he considers Islam as having superior legitimacy and in some cases as the absolute truth.

The wand is a war instrument that has been mentioned in epic works for many times, but the reflection of this combat weapon in Shahnameh has a special effect. So, with Ghor, in its application quality, we can not see this weapon in the hands of anyone. By examining the ancient texts, we conclude that this tool is a tool in the hands of the gods that uses it in the battle of the enemies and the devils. The ghosts who use this tool have actually received divine gifts. The great and famous pilots who have the oven are adorned with mushrooms. The mace is used to eliminate sinister people, as well as in the end times when the final victory is good for evil. Therefore, as well as other applications, we conclude that the wand has a tool of the same nature, which both itself and its user benefit from Godchr('39')s special privilege. In this article, we are going to prove the use of mice to prove that the mace is from the combat equipment that it has.

One of the irreplaceable beliefs and motives among Muslims and all the nations of the world is the belief in the emergence of the savior of the apocalypse and the determination of the destiny of the world in favor of that belief and people. By extending the Mahdism doctrine with a strong structure and foundation, Muslims have spread the wave of hope among the followers of all ages. In the current era, promoting this idea and passing it on to the younger generation to prepare and at the same time commit to homework is one of the central tasks of the system. The transfer of this task is specifically the responsibility of education, especially in the first and second secondary school, when the intellectual and social maturity of the student is formed. In this research, the extent of reflection of the principles of Mahdism and emergence in the first and second secondary books has been studied. This study showed that despite the neglected importance of these topics, the volume of material presented in relation to the total number of minor issues and the inability to fully transfer the apocalyptic axes is not possible. The context of hopefulness can also be presented with more variety and multiplicity in these texts (whether prose or prose)

It is imperative to review the past experiences of mankind to avoid repeating miserable and bitter experiences, especially for the Islamic community, which is not a double-hole. Persian poetry has in many cases brought the social burden of our country. Poets who have had more pain in the community have shown this reflection more intensely. Anvari is a prolific and eulogy poet who has neglected the reflection of social affairs in his poetry. Experience has shown that the signs of weakness and weakness of Islamic civilizations are the same in different periods, similar to what happened in the Islamic civilization of Andalusia. This research, based on the Divan Anvari's description of Razavi's teacher, attempts to show these parameters to the poet's poetic evidence. This research is descriptive and obtains evidence from the library method and referring to valid documents and references. In the end, the poet criticizes the unhealthy society and the decline in Iran's weaknesses and eventually the collapse of Iranian Islamic governments against the Mongol invasion.

Attar and mysticism two strings are woven together for the development of both the other groups. In fact, the evolution and development of the Persian mystic Attar through mysticism, particularly through the efforts of Attar's poetry. Henchman place and meaning in the works of Attar and the type of interaction and dialogue were the encapsulation of a strong manifestation of his works. Therefore, in this article we are going to work in a divine meaning and purpose Asrarnamh to Attar's view of the status of our deal and how discerning disciple Guidance. What is certain though narrative anecdotes and quotes the poet can be flexible in this regard affect. In this regard, the tables have tried to show how this relationship. In total, thanks to a narrative that is both visible effect of the differences between the two poles of mysticism in these two indices achieved. Finally, the distinctions of the attitude expressed in the above worksy.

Islamic mysticism is reflected in the most beautiful parts of the Persian literature. Aṭṭār is a mystic-poet with a particular style of writing in mystical literature, and his Asrārnāma (The Letter of Mysteries) is an attempt todisclose mystical secrets to the readers. One significant issue in Islamic mysticism is the relation between master and disciple. Asrārnāma frequently mentions master (murād), oldster (pīr), senior (mihtar) and the like, and it talks about their advice to the novice. In this paper, we have examined the type of relation between master and disciple in Aṭṭār al-Nayshābūrī's Asrārnāma, showing that in some cases, the disciple is not a human person, but it nevertheless respects the master. In this work, masters and disciples appear in different types, one of the most significant ones is that of apparently mad characters as masters. In this paper, we examine the vertical dialogue between masters and disciples and the character types of the former as to whether it is a mundane, terrestrial character or an extra-terrestrial one, and whether it is concrete or abstract, and whether a master might be a non-human person or even an animal and yet guide people.