maryam larijani

The purpose of this research is to design and validate the model of combined education of educational organizations of the CEPA program for the protection of international wetlands in Sistan and Baluchistan region. In terms of purpose, this research is applied-developmental and in terms of qualitative-quantitative mixed method with exploratory approach. In the qualitative part, the main components of the model were extracted by combining the IBM blended learning model and the components of the CEPA program. Then, to determine the micro-components, evaluation and summarization of the discourse space was done through the Q method, and 51 Q phrases were selected from among 110 statements by ten experts. Then, the Q questionnaire was given to 19 specialists of the CEPA program through targeted sampling, and the micro-components were prioritized. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to test the model. In the quantitative part, the validation of the questionnaire was done by SPSS 22 and Amos software, and the researcher-made questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha of 91% was available to the participants. Based on the results of the qualitative part, the model includes four main components and 14 key micro-components. According to the results of the quantitative section, the t-statistic values for all factors are higher than the standard absolute value of 1.96. The validation of the research model also showed the significance of the relationships between the variables and the acceptability of the overall fit, and the research questions were suitable explanations. Creating the motivation for participation with the highest factor load was the first priority of the model design. Priority micro-components in the main component of communication and interaction, "educational network development", in education and information, "educational process development" in partnership and cooperation, "participatory and interdepartmental management" and sustainable practical action, jointly, "establishment of the indigenous approach" and "combined use of learner-centered styles" were selected.

The participation and alignment of stakeholders is a new solution to create innovation regarding the sustainability of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Based on this, the purpose of this research is to design a model of participation and alignment of institutional stakeholders with the aim of increasing skills, in order to develop sustainable entrepreneurship. In terms of the qualitative nature and data collection tool, this research has been an interview, which has continued until the theoretical saturation of the interviews has been reached. This task has been achieved by conducting 20 interviews. They have been to Tehran. The final model of institutional stakeholder participation with the aim of increasing skills in the development of sustainable entrepreneurship including "challenging components in stakeholder participation", "mechanisms affecting stakeholder participation", "driving mechanisms", "requirements and necessities" and the expected consequences for the development of sustainable entrepreneurship It is hoped that these results will provide valuable insights in relation to providing an integrated model for the participation of stakeholders for the development of sustainable entrepreneurship in the environment of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Iran.

The water crisis is one of the most paramount challenges in Tehran province. Virtual water management and education in many countries is a measure to overcome water shortage, especially in the agricultural sector. In Iran, virtual water consumption per capita in the agricultural sector is about 20% higher than the world average. This research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of virtual water education in the agricultural sector with the approach of resistance economy and sustainable development in order to inform the users of virtual water and protect the environment, water resources, and sustainable development in the year 2021.

The method of this research was a combination. In the qualitative phase of the research, in order to identify the main and sub-components of the model, the technique of grounded theory was utilized. A semi-structured interview method was conducted to collect data in this phase. The purposeful snowball method was applied in the qualitative phase for sampling. The statistical population of the quantitative part included professors of related universities, experts, and managers of the executive organizations of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. According to the statistics and information obtained, the total number of contacts was 360. The sample size was determined by Cochran's formula of 181 people. A researcher-made questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was designed to collect data. Descriptive statistics measures (mean, standard deviation, variance, frequency, and percentage) were calculated for data analysis in the quantitative phase, and confirmatory factor analysis was employed in the inferential phase.

The results of comparing the mean value of the components obtained from the test (t-test) illustrated that there is a significant difference of 1 percent between the current and desired means in all components and the current state of virtual water management education is not desirable. The validity of the questionnaire constructs was calculated by the convergent validity method at the level of 0.49 and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by the ordinal coefficient alpha at the level of 0.81. The qualitative findings of the research revealed that 11 components and 37 sub-components were the components of the virtual water education model in the agricultural sector. Based on the standard factor loadings of qvh(γ), the content components of virtual water education (0.97), methods of virtual water education (0.96), and principles of virtual water education (0.92) are respectively, the most substantial in explained the model of virtual water education. Moreover, the confirmatory factor analysis of the components illustrated that the identified components had sufficient factor loading to predict virtual water education in the agricultural sector.

The fit indicators of the education model in the agricultural sector illustrated that the developed model has a good fit and in addition to awareness and behavior change, the model can be a road map for the trustees and agents of education activities for virtual water users in the agricultural sector. Implementing virtual water education through the prepared model can be expected to prevent the wastage of water resources in the agricultural sector and protect natural resources. Furthermore, based on the upstream documents, it is an opportunity to attain modern agriculture, resistance economy, sustainable development, and environmental protection.

Reduction and separation from the source of waste are two ultimate goals in waste management that achieving it requires a comprehensive and long-term educational model. The aim of this study was to design and validate a model for teaching minimization and segregation of waste from the source (case study: secondary school students) in 2021 and 2022 among secondary school students.

The present research is a questionnaire from the perspective of the purpose of an applied research development and data collection tool. The statistical population includes managers in the field of waste management and students. Sampling of administrators was done by purposeful method and sampling of students was done by random method. ISM method and MicMac software were used to design the pattern and partial least squares method and Smart PLS software were used to validate the pattern.

Educational environment variables and teacher role, educational behavioral goals and educational needs assessment in the independent area, respect and responsibility for the environment, analysis and determination of evaluation system and principles of curriculum education in the dependent area and teaching-learning approaches and principles of teaching teaching methods. Learning, principles of organizing educational content and principles of selecting educational content are also included in the link area.

Based on the research results, educational needs assessment and educational behavioral goals are at the first level of the model. These factors are in dynamic interaction with the principles of organizing educational content and the principles of selecting educational content. These components also affect the principles of selection of teaching-learning methods and teaching-learning approaches and lead to the creation of curriculum teaching principles. Ultimately, the analysis and determination of the evaluation system will lead to respect and responsibility towards the environment.

Waste is not only problematic in terms of health and environment, but also in terms of transportation, collection and disposal. The aim of this study was to identify the effective indicators in citizenship education for minimization and segregation of waste in 1399 in the provinces of Tehran, Shiraz, Saveh and Khomein.

This research is an exploratory research from the perspective of the purpose, which is mixed with the research method and is based on deductive-inductive reasoning. The statistical population of this study consists of experts including university professors and municipal managers. Non-probability and purposeful sampling and data collection tools are semi-structured interviews and fuzzy Delphi questionnaire. For the analysis of specialized interviews, the qualitative thematic method has been used. Also, the identified indicators have been validated by fuzzy Delphi method.

Research data analysis was performed in the qualitative phase with MaxQDA software and in the quantitative phase with Matlab software.

The results of the interviews were analyzed by content analysis method. In the open coding stage, 517 codes were identified. Finally, 11 axes (main category) and 45 indicators (subcategory) were obtained through axial coding.

The results showed that in order to educate citizens to minimize and separate from the source of waste, a bedding is needed that is appropriate to the educational goals. Among these, the principles of curriculum education and the determination of educational behavioral goals are of great importance. Also, appropriate educational needs assessment and the principles of selecting educational content and organizing it in order to achieve the goals of citizenship education as a facilitating factor. In general, the principles of selecting teaching-learning methods and approaches based on it and considering the analysis and determination of the evaluation system and the role of the teacher in the appropriate educational environment, will lead to respect and responsibility for the environment in high school students.

This research, have considered the effect of environment education on the knowledge level, attitude and behavior of local society to protect the biological variety.

Research method is experimental partly as a pre-test and post-test by the control group. Statistical society in the research is 10628 families who are living in the place of Dena. Participants were selected by the way of voluntarily sampling and divided in to 2 groups of 30 persons randomly in testing group and control group. The people settle in to testing and control groups. This research used the researcher’s answer sheet that 15 specialized confirmed its apparent and concept and total stability of 30 questions equals to 0/9. Answer sheets were distributed among participants before and after the education and necessary description was explained about this research to them. Then, people in group of control and testing answer the questions. SPSS-21 software used to analysis the data.

Results demonstrated that Environmental education on the level of awareness of local communities has an effect equal to %72 which this amount was meaningful for error level less than 0.01.The results of the second hypothesis showed that Environmental education of local communities has the effect equal to %26 on the variable of attitude, that this was meaningful at the error level less than 0.01.The results of the third hypothesis showed that effectiveness of Environmental education of local communities in Biodiversity protection (Aspect of behavior), is %32  percent.

Investigation of general hypothesis of research demonstrate that Environmental education has meaningful effect on the level of awareness, attitude and behavior of local communities in Biodiversity protection.

The purpose of the present study was to present and implement a model to evaluate the performance of television networks and rank them based on criteria extracted from various studies and opinions of audiovisuals.Research Method The research is descriptive-analytical and its nature is applied.In this research, the theoretical framework of research was first collected through gathering information through library and electronic resources and articles.Then, in order to select audiovisual TV networks, based on the expert opinions and review of previous research, the proposed dimensions and criteria were identified.Then, pairwise comparisons of dimensions and criteria were carried out with the help of 20 expert media experts using FAHP method.Their evaluation is based on their experiences and studies.After paired comparisons, weights for each dimension and criterion were obtained.Then, prioritizing the networks using a combination of FAHP and FTOPSIS methods.The results show that three-, one-, and two-dimensional networks had the best performance, respectively, on the basis of the set of evaluation criteria.Since the performance strengths and weaknesses of SIMA networks in the implementation of the model are also extracted in terms of performance, the results of the research can be the basis for planning and prioritizing goals to improve the performance of television networks.

The purpose of of this study is evaluate the effect of multimedia in environmental education in comparison to traditional teaching environmental education to school children. The method of this study was pretest-posttest with control group. The research community primary school students in Tehran Subjects. The statistical sample of 44 students randomly into two groups (1 control and 1 control group) were selected. Data were collected, which is calculated after determining the validity and reliability (92/0) was conducted. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results from the questionnaires showed that the level of significance for changing the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of environmentalists smaller than / 05 is obtained. As a result, the study's assumptions on the effectiveness of multimedia teaching environmental education to be confirmed. . Therefore, given the significant impact of the use of multimedia in environmental education, to the widespread use of this technology in education move. Keywords: environmental education, Multimedia training, traditional education

Today, entrepreneurship is recognized as a key factor for growth and development. It is also regarded as a multidimensional concept with economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects. Various studies indicate that public participation in the form of NGOs is an essential factor for the development of entrepreneurship in the area of environment and the reduction of effects caused by lack of attention to this area in developing countries. The purpose of the present study is presenting a theoretical model and identifying the effective organizational factors on entrepreneurship development of NGOs that are active in the Iranian environment field.

In the related literature, environmental entrepreneurship has been referred to in different forms including green entrepreneurship (Taylor & Walley, 2003; Schaper, 2002), ethical entrepreneurship (Taylor & Walley, 2003), and environmental entrepreneurship (Keogh & Polonsky, 1998). The term “environmental entrepreneurship” is comprised of the words environment and entrepreneurship which indicates the creation of innovative businesses that produce environmentally friendly products and services. Environmental entrepreneurship also involves the environmentalists’ market who are active in the field not only for profit, but also for its strong, substantial, and green values. Environmental entrepreneurship is a combination of strong environmental and social values with active entrepreneurship outlooks (Gibbs, 2009). Volery (2002) defines environmental entrepreneurship as environmental accountability in entrepreneurship. Isaak (2002) believes that environmental entrepreneurship is an objective form of business behavior which is committed to sustainability. Environmental entrepreneurship is considered as an act of entrepreneurship which helps conserve the natural environment (Schaper, 2005; Pastakia, 1998). Businesses in environmental entrepreneurship are carried out based upon sustainability principles (Kirkwood & Walton, 2010). The phenomenon is distinct from social entrepreneurship which emphasized the social welfare of the society (Zahra, Gedajlovic, Neubaum, & Shulman, 2009). Environmental entrepreneurship also differs from sustainability entrepreneurship which unifies the three major pillars of sustainable development, i.e. social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Tilley and Young (2009) argue that sustainability entrepreneurship ventures beyond environmental and social entrepreneurship and incorporates a vast domain of sustainability-related dimensions.

The present qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 12 experts in the area of NGOs and environment management. To ensure the reliability and validity of interviews, more interviews were required according to the experts’ comments. Therefore, 4 NGO managers in the field of environment were interviewed and theoretical saturation was achieved. Following open and axial coding, the main, axial and secondary factors which influence entrepreneurship organizational factors of NGOs that are active in the field of environment in Iran were identified. These factors include organizational objectives, administrative capabilities of NGOs, organizational culture, organizational resources, the maturity level of technology in organizations, organizational process, communication with external organization networks, organizational structure, organizational strategies, and knowledge management. Furthermore, the results obtained from other studies in the area of entrepreneur companies confirm the accuracy of the results of the present study.

The results of this study are consistent with those of Judge, Liu‐Thompkins, Brown, Pongpatipat (2015) and Petty, Zang (2011) in the context of the role of research and development units, formation of virtual networks, communication with external networks, and knowledge management. Moreover, the results are also consistent with findings of Petty and Zang (2014) and Bojica, Fuentes (2012) with respect to the Concerning organizational components, there is no mention of the maturity level of NGO technology in any of the researchers' researches and is considered as a research innovation.

 Given the results of the study, the strengthening of the organizational and spiritual objectives of NGOs in different sections along with their public interest purposes are recommended; special attention should also be paid to the economic purposes of NGOs. In order for the majority of NGOs to achieve success, it is recommended that a particular attention be paid to the administrative capabilities of NGOs active in the area of environment. Moreover, there should be a focus on the improvement of administrative styles, management experiences of NGOs, the level of knowledge and preparedness of environment management, values and beliefs of NGO management, management’s degree of enthusiasm towards entrepreneurship, factors related to the levels of preparedness and recognition of the market and business atmosphere of NGO management, sustainable network building, interactions, access to management resources, and the extent of time allocated to the voluntary works of management in NGOs. Additionally, special attention must be made to organizational culture at NGOs via improving the experience and background of the organization, prompting teamwork and value creation culture in organization, developing innovation culture and focusing on normative structures of NGOs and the resolution of single issues, increasing the level of accountability culture and concerns over social affairs and raising the maturity level of the organization culture, internal trust building within the organization and the employment of guides in NGOs. On the other hand, organizational resources should be reinforced in NGOs; Therefore, financial, human and information resources along with the social capital and social resources of NGOs should be increased as well.Attention should be paid to the maturity level of organization. This is possible by increasing the level of technology readiness in NGOs. Emphasis on the improvement and design of organizational process in NGOs through reforming the research and development process, communication with external organizational networks via creating real and virtual communication networks, social networks among homogenous groups, chain networks of value NGOs and communication with networks and government organization institutions, preventing accurate organizational structure of NGO case to prevent bureaucracy, adoption of organization strategies through adopting innovation and development strategies are done; it is recommended for entrepreneurship development in NGOs.

As societies' sensitivity to the challenges of sustainability grows and expands, the development of sustainable cities has developed as another challenge, with education always being one of the tools of sustainable development. Schools play a wide role in planning and implementing education for sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to establish a framework and rank components of sustainable schools in order to develop sustainable cities in Iran. The present study is a mixed and exploratory study conducted in both qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, indicators of sustainable schools extracted by the study of literature and expert opinion, and in the quantitative phase, weighting of extractable variables using the method The ANP was conducted by 20 experts in the field. After analyzing the paired comparisons questionnaire, the weights of the indices were determined using EXCEL and Super Decision software. The results of the analysis showed that: student component with weight (0.33017), teacher (0.29086), curriculum (0.12801), school organization (0.11422), education (0.11382), and communication (0.1772). Have the most impact on the integration of school sustainability components in sustainable city design, respectively. Given the mission of education in the sustainability and growth of sustainable cities and in line with the gradual movement of schools towards sustainable development, changes to school standards are essential; and can be considered as one of the priority components of sustainable city development.

Biomass is one of the most appropriate renewable energies has lots of advantages including being renewable and environmentally friendly and containing social and economical interests. “Biomass” means a power source that is comprised of, but not limited to, combustible residues or gases from forest products manufacturing, waste, byproducts, or products from agricultural and orchard crops, waste or co-products products from livestock and poultry operations, waste or byproducts from and food processing, urban wood waste, municipal solid waste, municipal liquid waste treatment operations, and landfill gas. Due to the wide availability of biomass worldwide, mainly because it can be obtained as a by-product of many industrial and agricultural processes, biomass represents a growing renewable energy source with high growth potential. Biomass helps reduce the amount of GHG that give more impact to global warming and climate change. The biomass emissions level is far smaller compared to fossil fuels. The basic difference between biomass and fossil fuels when it comes to amount of carbon emissions is: all the CO2 which has been absorbed by plant for its growth is going back in the atmosphere during its burning for the production of biomass energy. While the CO2 produced from fossil fuels is going to atmosphere where it increases greenhouse effect. Another great advantage of biomass energy is that it is an indigenous fuel. The fuels from biomass materials can be produced locally and no high technology is required. Producing fuel from biomass materials reduces the dependence of a country on foreign resources for their fuel requirements. Moreover, since this indigenous fuel is labor intensive, it can contribute to the generation of new jobs, particularly in rural and farming communities. The number of employed workers required is 3-6 times greater than the fossil energy production in the associated processes. This study was aimed to identification and green grading of environmental management in that’s jobs. Some other socio-economic benefits can be counted such as slowing down the migration from the rural areas to cities, decreasing the issues associated with rapid urbanization, and developing a biodiesel production industry. Among its great benefits is the forest use of the territory, which would also serve to clean the forest and thus prevent forest fires, and the ability to generate jobs. Biomass generates continuous employment such as the extraction of raw materials from the countryside and the bush. This study was aimed to identification and green grading of environmental management in that’s jobs. The research questions are: 1. What are green job indicators? and 2. Are renewable energy biomass business indicators of green jobs?

This study is qualitative – quantitative. According to the grounded theory semi-structured interview with 50 environmental experts in the Environmental Protection Agency, the municipality, faculty members of the universities, the natural resources and watershed management, agriculture ministry and NGOs active in the environment conducted with purposeful sampling (snowball). The applied methods for data validation included constant data comparison, reviewing the observers and handwriting by participants and use of foreign and expert researchers familiar with qualitative research as an observer. Then, data were analyzed using the grounded theory of open, axial and selective coding analyzed in MAXQDA software. Once coding categories emerge, the next step is to link them together in theoretical models around a central category that hold everything together. In order to explain the grounded theory, green jobs are considered as the central variable, and the main line of research is defined using reminders and diagrams around it, and finally the green indicators derived from it are developed. Based on them, researcher-made questionnaire was designed in a combination, closed response with 5-rate likert scale. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaire, the content validity was used with the lawshe model and with reviewing previous studies was determined, the scope of the questionnaire in greenness of the job, and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal consistency. Cronbach's alpha value for each research question was more than 0.7, the reliability of the questionnaire was approved. Also, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.890. In order to estimate the repeatability, the retest method and the ICC index were used that index was 0.996 (p<0.001), indicating its high repeatability. For estimating the results of greenness and its degree in the jobs of renewable energy biomass, were used statistical analysis of Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, single-sample t-test and Friedman test in SPSS software.

Findings of the qualitative research on the structure of green job identification and prioritization were discussed in six categories including establishment in accordance with the legal and technological infrastructure of the green job as context, green job as a phenomenon, environmental pollution elimination and the health risks reduction of the community as causal conditions, green management as operational strategies, environmental empowerment of jobs as an intermediary conditions and economic and environmental benefits as a consequence. The results of quantitative to showed that jobs studied are considered green jobs and their green grading are as follows: 1. Maintenance (mean=5.61), 2. System Design (mean=4.83), 3. Training (mean=4.22), 4. Quality Monitoring and Quality (mean=4.03), 5. Collection (mean=3.64), 6. Manufacturer (mean=3.61) and 7. Worker and System Administrator (mean=2.06). According to the results, components of green jobs are defined including: (1. explaining Green Jobs, Productivity of Occupations, 2. environmental Protection and Health, 3. Green potentials and incentives, 4. environmental Standards and Indices of Health and Green Management, 5. environmental and health challenges and solving energy crisis with the help of green jobs, 6. environmental education and green culture, 7.environmental empowerment through a variety of environmental and health education, informing and accompanying NGOs, 8. economic-ecological profitability and the optimistic approach to economic interests (green economy) and impact of economic issues, profitability, financial support, market regulation, and return on investment in the process of greening and green expanding businesses). Results show that green indices of occupations are 1- environmental and health of profile occupational, 2- strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities green jobs, 3- green supply chain management of businesses, 4- impact of green jobs on sustainable development and community health, 5- effect of environmental education on the green performance of occupations, the impact of environmental advertising on green performance and 6- reduce employee costs and increase business profits through environmental management. These green jobs literature extols the virtues of generating energy using “wood waste and other byproducts, including agricultural byproducts, ethanol, paper pellets, used railroad ties, sludge wood, solid byproducts, and old utility poles. Several waste products are also used in biomass, including landfill gas, digester gas, municipal solid waste, and methane.

The green features of the biomass business are included solving the problem of fossil fuels, caused by fossil energy and renewable energy sources. identification and green grading jobs diversifying energy sources, sustainable development, securing energy, removing environmental and health problems would help to managers and policy makers for identifying and providing executive solutions and identifying multifaceted priorities for green management. Despite the high potential of bio-economy in renewable energy (biomass) and high amounts of raw materials in the agricultural waste and sewage has not been fully realized. To achieve of developing a competitive economy, low-carbon resources with efficient resources, global economic markets have shifted strategy towards renewable energies, so as to create green jobs in order to reduce environmental problems (waste and climate change). For performance of macroeconomic policy in notification Supreme Leader on the restructuring of the country's economic structure has proposed policies to change reducing dependencies on fossil fuels and external resources towards the creation and development of green jobs in the field of renewable energy, especially biomass, because there are a lot of raw materials in the country, especially in the villages and without necessary to high technologies. Biomass development increase energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy resources and the creation of a favourable environment for investment in energy efficiency measures and the generation of ‘green’ jobs. The rural development prospects for green job growth are mixed. Rural areas contain biomass feedstocks which will be increasingly relied upon to offset fossil fuel dependencies. The distribution of those feedstocks, however, is not uniform across rural areas. Furthermore, the technologies to convert those feedstocks into fuels and other uses are yet to be demonstrated at commercially successful scales. Both policy development and research activities should be focused on the efficient utilization of rural natural resources, human capital, and rural infrastructure in achieving national green policies. The green economy appears to be fertile ground for unbiased, academic research to examine some of the regional consequences of green jobs growth and green jobs policies, to include an examination of rural opportunities, but going well beyond that dimension to include the integration of statewide and multistate regional development opportunities as well as consequences. This study was not about raw materials (waste and sewage) to produce renewable energy biomass, and it is possible that this section may also be effective in the creation and development of green jobs, then there may be restrictions on the generalized findings, interpretations, and attributes of the causation of variables. Therefore, it is suggested that future research into this part of the process of producing renewable energy biomass should be considered.