masoud azarbayejani

The current research is designed to examine "the obligation of parents to educate teenagers with an emphasis on independence in decision-making from the perspective of educational jurisprudence". The obvious characteristic of adolescence is independence, and since the duty of raising a child is the responsibility of parents, the question arises, what is the extent of independence and the limits of parental intervention in adolescent decision-making? This research has been done by collecting information and examining educational and jurisprudential works related to adolescent education in an analytical-interpretive method and examining evidence such as verses, traditions, jurisprudential rules and reason. The most important findings of this research are: 1. Raising children is the responsibility of parents; However, there are two points of view in educational jurisprudence: a. Parents can discipline their children physically. b. Parents are not allowed to use corporal punishment in raising their children. 2. The jurisprudential rules of "dominion over property and self" and "reluctance" consider a person to be independent in making decisions, but he is bound to perform actions that do not conflict with human dignity from the point of view of reason. 3. Considering the limitation of reason in Shari'a issues and the duty of imitation, it can be concluded that reason does not have complete independence in Shari'a decision-making. 4. Parents can provide guidance and guidance to the teenager in making the right decision by raising him correctly and comprehensively. As a result, in cases where a teenager's decision-making leads to abandoning an obligation or doing a forbidden act or harm that is not proportionate to human dignity, parents can intervene in the decision-making process of the teenager.

The rapid increase in the country's elderly population is an undeniable fact. The lack of awareness of the duties and responsibilities that individuals or institutions have towards them has a significant effect on the elderly, their families, and society.Considering that the range and type of responsibilities towards the elderly correspond to the needs they have, after the preliminary discussion about these needs, especially in the modern world and following the changes that have occurred in the values, behavioral patterns and ethical standards, in The case of the social position of the elderly in the family institution and the amount and manner of responsibility of children and other people as well as social institutions, especially the government, are examined.The main source of inspiration for this research is Islamic teachings, especially Islamic traditions from the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). In the first part, the most important needs are explained, and in the main part of the article, the scope of responsibility towards the elderly is seen beyond the children. Also, the main direction of the responsibilities is to preserve the dignity of the elderly and meet their needs with this approach. Methods

This study aimed to identify the facilitating and inhibiting factors of students' tendency towards ethics. A qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological method was employed. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 98 Iranian faculty members, university administrators, experts, staff, and students who were selected through criterion sampling. The findings suggest that there are eight facilitating factors such as “structural, functional, social, cultural, personal, religious, study-research-driven, and educational" factors, and there are also nine hindering factors (obstacles) such as “structural, social, performance-related, political, personal, functional, conceptual, informative-cognitive, and cultural” factors. Drawing upon the understanding of a wide range of academic activists, this study identifies new and more complete dimensions and components of the factors concerning the tendency or non-tendency of students towards ethics in the university environment. It is recommended to use these results to develop academic ethics in higher education more efficiently.

The discussion of the ontology of moral facts is considered the most important issue in the field of moral philosophy. Some are realists and there are different opinions among realists. In this article, a new perspective based on realism is presented, which we have called the theory of "divine morality". According to this point of view, the goodness and badness of human attributes and actions are determined by the orbit of God, who is the most real being in the universe, and his attributes and actions are good and good, and divine names and attributes. Attributes and actions that are in accordance with God's attributes and names are good, and attributes and actions that do not correspond to them are considered evil. This theory is based both on a rational way - according to the reality of God's originality and his pure goodness and his centrality - and on a narrative basis - according to the goodness of God in the Qur'an and traditions and man's mission to resolve to the divine names and become divine. And also Khalifa Allahi - it has been proven.

One of the new topics that has been considered by researchers in the field of ethics is moral intelligence. According to Borba's view, moral intelligence is the ability to distinguish right from wrong; That is, having strong moral beliefs and acting according to them in such a way that the person behaves correctly and respectfully. This study was conducted with the aim of explaining moral intelligence and its components based on narrations. Is. The data included narrations of hadith books ranked A and B, which were selected based on purposeful sampling of narrations to explain moral intelligence and its components. For this purpose, the selected narrations were examined by content analysis method using open, axial and selective coding. The results showed that moral intelligence has four basic dimensions, which are: spiritual dimension, which includes serving God and the Hereafter; Social dimension that includes kindness, honesty, justice and benevolence; The cognitive dimension, which includes the knowledge of God, science, thought, and contemplation, and the spiritual-social-individual dimension, which includes self-control.Keywords: Ethics, Intelligence, Moral Intelligence, Components of Moral Intelligence, Traditions

The Conceptual model formulation of Religious Coping with Stress Based on the Holy Quran Teachings: a Grounded TheoryStress is an important factor in the incidence of diseases and a threat to health, and various models have been designed to deal with stress. The present study was designed to develop a conceptual model of religious coping with stress based on the teachings of the Holy Quran. The method of the present study is qualitative, based on Grounded Theory. The main source of this research was the Holy Quran and in order to confirm the interpretations, authentic interpretive and hadith sources were used. The research sample included descriptive and explanatory statements related to the semantic field of religious coping with stress in the Holy Quran, which was purposefully selected. Research data collection tools in three categories; Books: including the Holy Quran, commentaries on the Quran, and narration books; Software: which includes Jami Altafasir software andJami Alahadith; And website: included valid scientific databases with the content of the mentioned books. After extracting the content related to religious coping from the Holy Quran, in the process of data analysis through "coding", 730 "open source", 46 "concepts", 13 "categories" and 4 "dimensions" are extracted and finally, four dimensions in the format 1 template were formatted. Findings showed that the pattern of religious coping is a process pattern that has four dimensions; The sources of stress are the contexts of religious coping, the structure of religious coping, and the consequences of religious coping.

The purpose of this research is examining the ethical code of counseling of the United States of America, ACA, in order to evaluate its epistemological bases and ideological premises. The significance of this task lies in the fact that ACA is one of the most famous ethical codes in counseling and psychology and is a sample for preparing other similar codes throughout the world. So finding its structure and premises is crucial for recognizing the basic epistemological and methodological approaches of other codes and their insufficiencies. Reexamining the general mentality which constructs this code and finding its theoretical presuppositions and cultural premises and avoiding its possible wrongs could be beneficial for developing an ethical code in Iran. The main question of the research is: “what are the epistemological basis and cultural ideological presuppositions of ACA? For this purpose we would examine its ethical commands according to our critical hypothesis that the psychological, the ethical and the religious are inseparable from each other. We would find that the epistemological and ideological bases of ACA are some western liberal conceptions of the nature of human beings, ignoring the spiritual aspects of their existence and maintaining the methodological individualism.

Covid 19 has spread rapidly in the world. In dealing with this event, in addition to preventive and therapeutic interventions, psycho-spiritual approachis needed. Islamic spiritual health is intended to be guidance in daily life including the current pandemic.

Islamic references specially the holy Quran were searched for key word affection.

According to the Islamic references, there are two systems in the world, creation system and legislation system. Divine creative permission means that God allows something to happen. But the divine legislative permission is related to the divine commands. God knows all the details of world events. One of the important issues to be considered in all kinds of disasters, including the current Covid crisis, is the issue of the various circumstances surrounding an event. From the perspective of the Quran, the types of disasters which occur for human can be divided into six main categories. Self-induced disaster, troubles caused by oppressors, disaster for punishment, disaster for examination, troubles of the saints, troubles of duties.Based on Islamic beliefs there shouldbe active and rational planning and action along with promoting the relation with almighty God to increase the resilience.

There is urgent need to promote spirituality literacy in the community Based on Islamic beliefs rational planning and action along with religious instructions and praying are mandatory impositions.

The different coping models emphasize the constructive role that religion can play in overcoming harms, challenges, and threats by which people try to comprehend and deal with the various personal and situational problems. This study aimed at designing a Time-Limited model of religious coping in the field of relationships based on forgiveness, gratitude, and hope. The research method was descriptive-conceptual analysis. Findings showed that in terms of dimensions of time (past, present, and future) and the triple status of communication events (harm, challenge, and threat), three concepts; Forgiveness, gratitude, and hope play a strategic and operational role in the Time-Limited model of religious coping in the field of relationships. The findings also showed that the forgiveness used for dealing with the harm and loss caused by relationships in the past, the gratitude to eliminate the communication challenges of the present time, and the hope to deal with problems that are likely to occur in the future and considered a threat to the individual.

Researching and analyzing difficulties and impediments of dealing with individual and social problems is one of the secret of success in human life and in resolving the upcoming problems. In case of being faced with problems in life, human beings are always looking for a resolution to their problems. Sometimes, we can overcome a problem easily by learning from past experiences. But, sometimes we cannot overcome complicated knotty problems with that ease and they need in-depth scientific research and scholarly analysis of the causes and roots of those problems. However, there are some approaches to resolve problems as well as research on it: psychological, sociological, economic, political, etc. This study is conducted with a theoretical, analytical, psychological approach aiming at analyzing the role of motivation, lack of it and having a high motivation in research.

Previous studies have examined the effectiveness of spiritual intelligence on psychological well-being. But there is a research gap between comparing the effectiveness of spiritual intelligence education based on Qurchr('39')anic teachings and spiritual intelligence education based on Bowellchr('39')s view of studentschr('39') psychological well-being.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of spiritual intelligence training based on Quranic teachings and spiritual intelligence training based on Bowellchr('39')s view on psychological well-being of Isfahan students.

The research was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, followup with control group (unequal groups). The statistical population included all students of the University of Isfahan (15171 people) in the academic year 2017-2018. Fifty-five of these students were randomly selected as random samples and 40 randomly assigned to experimental groups (20 in the group based on Quranic teachings and 20 in the Bawl perspective group) and 15 in the control group. Were replaced. The tools of the present study are: sessions of teaching spiritual intelligence based on Quranic teachings (2020), teaching spiritual intelligence based on Bowlchr('39')s point of view (2004) and Riffchr('39')s psychological well-being questionnaire (1989). Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis method.

Both spiritual intelligence trainings based on Quranic teachings and based on Bowlchr('39')s view had a significant effect on studentschr('39') psychological well-being (P< 0/05). There was no significant difference between the two views in terms of the effect on psychological well-being (P< 0/05).

Students who participated in the teaching of spiritual intelligence based on Quranic teachings and the teaching of spiritual intelligence based on Bowlchr('39')s view gained higher psychological well-being.

The lifestyle of Imam Riḍā (as), which is one of the most popular topics in contemporary research, is more intertwined with family, social, theological, and religious studies, and has not benefited from psychological approaches and appropriate methods in order to depict a more comprehensive statue of his transcendent personality. They have been published with the motives of wisdom, emotional-spiritual status and their privileges among the Imams (as), revival and explanation of Raḍavī culture and sensory compassion. The present study seeks to provide a psychological analysis of Razavi's lifestyle based on Erickson's "life span" perspective. The first purpose of the author is to institutionalize the essence of Raḍavī lifestyle in individual and social emergencies, second, the display, classification, and promotion of public religion at the levels of practical and theoretical culture, and third, the psychological analysis of the research results. The data collection method is based on library-documentary and has been done with qualitative approach and Ericsson's research method of psychological-historical analysis. After extracting the socio-cultural and individual components of Erickson's personality analysis, the characteristics of Imam Riḍā's (as) lifestyle were constructed from the authentic documents and classified according to the mentioned components. The result of the research is that the examples of his identity reflect the beliefs, values and applied sciences and symbols of practical behavior and are the basis of religious, spiritual, moral-social and mental identities and have the ability to be modeled on the public.

Many studies have investigated the effect of spiritual intelligence on various psychological variables, but research on the impact of spiritual intelligence on spiritual intelligence, psychological well-being, anxiety, and depression remains largely ignored.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of education based on Bowl spiritual intelligence promotion on spiritual intelligence, psychological well-being, anxiety and depression in students.

It was a quasi-experimental type. The statistical population of this study was Isfahan University students, 40 of whom were selected as available sample in 1977 and were randomly assigned to education or control group. Research tools include the Reef Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (2002), Anxiety (1993) and Beck Depression Inventory (1996), and King's Spiritual Intelligence (2008), and Bowl's Spiritual Intelligence Training (2004). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Bowl spiritual intelligence training in the educational group improved spiritual intelligence (P<0/001), reduced anxiety (P<0/05), decreased depression (P<0/001) but had a significant effect on psychological well-being (P<0/001). Did not have (P<0/001).

Spiritual intelligence training improved spiritual intelligence and reduced anxiety and depression in students.

One of the most important sources of learning and teaching for university students are the academic source books. Because of the importance of and given the important role of religious-spiritual needs in mental health, five source books in consulting and clinical psychology courses were selected by the professors and experts, and their contents were analyzed in terms of paying attention to some spiritual religious units such as faith in God, belief in the Hereafter, religious beliefs, belief in an immaterial soul or psyche, religious behaviors or rites (such as prayer), reading the scriptures, spiritual motivation or goals, forgiveness, repentance, and thanking God.
The findings show that faith in God has been stated only in one of the books and in a very limited way (4 times). Repentance, thanking God, belief in an immaterial soul or psyche and reading the scriptures have not been referred to in any of the books. Belief in the Hereafter has been mentioned in two books (once positively and four times with a negative look), and religious beliefs has been mentioned in all books (26 times with a positive look and 5 times with a negative look); religious behaviors has been referred to in three books (6 times), spiritual/ religious goals in two books (5 times), and forgiveness only in one book (1 time) with a positive view. So, ‘faith in God’ as an important matter has been mentioned only in one of the books, some units not have appeared in any of the books, and belief in the hereafter and religious beliefs have been challenged in some books. Thus, in view of the important role of the religious/ spiritual dimension in mental health, it is necessary to use those textbooks in university courses that have paid more attention to religious/ spiritual units or, at least, have no negative look at them.

Considering the importance of family and its problems, on the one hand, and the capability of Islamic texts to solve family problems, on the other hand, this paper aims to investigate this question: what is the correct response to the mistakes or bad functions of one of the spouses in a family system. In other words, the purpose is to search for the best therapeutic responses in religious texts for rebalancing the family, when there is a wrong or inappropriate behavior. Our method is a qualitative content analysis. A Hadith from Imam Ali (pbuh) says: “if I do good things, she will thank, and if I do evil things, she will forgive,” which presents the dual situation of good-doing and evil-doing. This hadith has been narrated in numerous sources, including Al-Ja'fariyat (or al-'Ashathiyat), Ravandi's Al-Navader, Majlesi's Biḥār al-Anwār, Mirza Husain Tabarsi's Mustadrak Al-wasa'il. The main theme of this hadith can also be found in many verses of the Holy Quran. In addition, the pillars of intervention based on amnesty and forgiveness in the areas of maladjustment of harassment to the wife, search for the correct response to the spousal bad functions (superior coping), the effects and consequences of passing and forgiveness, and finally the training of forgiving skills based on various verses and hadiths has been tracked. The conclusion of this essay is that the basic principle in responding to the wife's mistakes is to forgive her. It is noteworthy that forgiveness reaction is the counterpart and complement of gratitude.

Hope has always been a considerable topic in ethics and religions. In the teachings of the Quran and traditions, various aspects of this issue have been studied with such terms as, raja, amal, tamanni, and tama`. Hope, with the meaning of having a positive expectation for attaining the goal, has at least four main components: goals, belief in causes and reasons, trust in God and effort. The most important findings of this paper lie in the fact that in the Quranic verses, the goal is to achieve Divine revelation, the position of Divine caliphate, the knowledge of the soul, love for God, reformation, education and ability to do good deeds. Those suffering from lack of meaning in their life and are not satisfied, with material, only believing in the Origin of the being and the hoping His unlimited mercy and meet, would make his/her heart bright and peaceful and never would feel loneliness in life.

Spiritual Intelligence (SI) is an intelligence that integrates all dimensions of human intelligence. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to comparatively examine the SI of university and seminary students, as well as gender differences. The study employed the Islamic Questionnaire of Spiritual Intelligence (IQSI) which is developed based on Islamic views on common components of SI. The sample consisted of 306 students whose age ranged between 18 and 25, and were selected using clustering method sampling from University of Tehran’s faculties, and male and female seminaries of Tehran. The results showed significant difference between seminary and university students in SI, seminary students showed better spiritual experiential abilities. However, there were no significant differences between the sexes. These results indicate that spiritual capabilities are more likely to be captured in the context of seminary students for deeper investigations. Thus, it seems that explanatory and predictive research along with the respectful collaboration of this class is essential in the field.

Spiritual intelligence makes a major contribution to people’s health and well-being. Since religion is considered as an enriched context for Muslim communities, which can provide them with spiritual experiences, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire in order to assess spiritual intelligence among people in these communities.
In this study, 10 components derived from the literature were examined using Islamic texts and interviews with Islamic scholars. Applying the expert opinion method, the items of interest were made. The developed questionnaire was then administered on a sample of 350 students from Tehran University and seminaries in Tehran selected by stratified sampling to establish its factor structure, validity, and reliability.
Nine items were omitted in the preliminary conduction of the questionnaire. Following the explanatory factor analysis, six more questions were also eliminated due to their factor loadings being less than the critical value of 0.3. The Scree plot revealed that the factor structure of the questionnaire consisted of five main components which determined 36.99 percent of the total variance. Moreover, the Cronbach’s Alpha was obtained to be 0.92 which showed a proper internal consistency. Using King’s SISCI-24 questionnaire, the concurrent validity was also deemed relatively acceptable.
The main strength of this study was the development of a contextually competent instrument to assess spiritual intelligence among Muslim people. This questionnaire instrument showed relatively acceptable reliability and validity, and can be used in future research, especially in health sciences, among the population of interest.

The purpose of the study was to delve into the theoretical principle of "managing role of man" in Islamic view point. The research questions were as follows:1. Who bears the managing responsibility in the family?2. What are man and woman's stances in accordance with that role?The researcher adopted a descriptive – analytical procedure in this study. To fulfill research goal, the researcher, having identified and obtained the concepts and documents based on religious texts, analyzed the content. The results indicated that the role of "macro – management" in the family is played by man, while woman is in charge of the internal management of the family.

This paper aims at assessing moral concepts and investigating scientific and practical approaches to measure moral concepts and values through comparative analysis and psychological & psychiatric approach. Various chapters on research literature, the possibility and necessity of assessing moral concepts, table of symptoms, categorization, scaling and some practical examples are presented in this article. Some of the findings are as follows: the assessing and measuring of moral concepts through experimental psychology & psychiatry models which is possible and attainable. By applying the approach used in etiology and symptomatology in a mental disorder, we can present a new categorization of the moral vices and virtues in this regard. The highest level in assessing moral concepts is defining scales and tests. Some of the Western examples are as follows: Forgiveness Scale, Christian Ethics Test, Distributive Justice Scale and some of the Iranian ones are: Modesty, Patience, Cheerfulness, Jealousy and Wisdom Scales. Based on the existing principles, methodologies & samples, we are able to assess the same methodology for moral concepts to measure other values and concepts as well.

The present study aims to form and validate delight test from Islam prospective. It seeks to prepare a valid questionnaire using Islam instructions and doctrines to evaluate people delight as scientific criterion. To achieve this, a 95-clause questionnaire based on Quran and innocents (peace be upon him) tradition's delight factors prepared and validated and in limited level performed as a pre-test. The result showed that all its 95 clauses enjoys high integrity in general grade. The mentioned questionnaire was finally performed in 620 samples of statistical society (Qom university, Azad Islamic university, Qom-pardisan unit, Qom seminary) without any changes. Its stability was obtained using crounbaq Alpha method %921 and Spearman an Brown intersection method that equals to %906. Therefore, first and second hypothesis of survey approved and a test which enjoys scientific condition of a psychological criterion supplied. One of the survey's demographic variables then investigated and T tests, Levin, Shafae multiple scales, unilateral variance analysis were used. Mean comparison showed that there is a meaningful difference between married and singles; married's mean were higher than singles. As a result, the survey showed that married know themselves happier than singles.