mohammad noruzi

The development of small and medium businesses is one of the concerns of the policy makers and executives of the industrial development field in the country, and various strategies are envisioned for this purpose, especially by using the capacity of government support. The current research, which has been conducted with a qualitative-quantitative approach, tries to provide a framework for the typology of government support for these businesses and to provide policy and knowledge tips for professionals. Categorizing businesses with bases such as life cycle, technology, product and market on the one hand and evaluating the adopted strategy for the type of support with indicators such as responsiveness, cost-effectiveness, stability and sustainability and the amount of time required for a policy to be effective, on the other hand, a framework based on which all kinds of government support for small and medium businesses can be established. The findings of this research, its pattern and type of view can be considered as a basis for the targeted selection and development of supports.

The fourth industrial revolution, centered on digital transformation, has changed the nature of work, businesses, organizations, organization leadership, etc., and has left deep effects on them. As a result, the effective exposure of human resources of organizations as one of their basic pillars with this phenomenon is considered essential. In this regard, employees must acquire certain skills to successfully fulfill their roles and jobs, which is called digital skills. Organizations must use appropriate training and development methods to create and develop these competencies. In this research, firstly, with the qualitative method of library studies and the use of interview tools with experts along with the analysis of the themes of the interviews, the mentioned competencies and also the teaching methods were calculated using the library method, and finally, using the questionnaire tool and data analysis As a result, the effectiveness of training and development methods for the creation and development of digital competencies was investigated with the Shannon and Topsis entropy method. Finally, the methods were prioritized in order of effectiveness. According to the results of using the role modeling method, they were determined as the first priority and the use of the coaching method as the last priority to create and develop employees' digital competencies.

Development is one of the main concerns of policy makers and executives of many countries, and so far many ideas and policies have been designed, implemented and evaluated in this field. One of the strategies of economic, cultural and livelihood development in cities and villages is executed through the promotion of tourism which has grown more rapidly and diversified in recent years. On the other hand, trying to improve industrial capacity is one of the most important methods in the field of urban and rural development. The link between tourism and industry, which is manifested in the title of industrial tourism, can also encourage the dual fields of industrial promotion and development. The current research, which was conducted with a combined qualitative and quantitative approach, in addition to identifying the characteristics of the target tourism industry for the development of industrial tourism, analyzed their importance-performance, focusing on the development of the herb industry in Kashan city. In order to identify these characteristics, in addition to library studies, observation and interviewing methods were also employed and finally 9 characteristics were extracted. Then these features were evaluated by 16 experts in the field with the performance importance analysis method. Based on the research findings, paying attention to such characteristics as "innovation degree and difference between the target industry and other industries" and "development capacity of the target industry (tourism)" which have high importance and low performance in the Kashan herb industry, are to be given the first priority.

The formation of the innovation district is one of the effective strategies in the development of innovation and technological knowledge with a problem-solving approach. On the other hand, there has always been the concern of benefiting from social humanities in the matter of development, but no suitable answer has been found either from academic societies or from the political and executive level. One of the obstacles of this event is the lack of a suitable platform for the role of the university as a representative of the flow of knowledge in the matter of development, and although the innovation districts have a complementary role in creating a platform for this, still the activation of this capacity and its conceptual expansion in the country requires more research and implementation measures.

In the current research, which is conducted with a qualitative approach, in addition to documentary studies, interview tools were used to collect data, and a thematic analysis method was used to analyze and classify data. While trying to explain the concept of innovation area and common views about it, to identify the factors influencing the creation of these areas has been done with an emphasis on humanities.

Results  and conclusion  : 

The results of the research showed that the notable factors in the formation of these areas, regardless of the type of approach, are also common in the humanities, although there are also differences. The main themes identified for the formation of an innovation district were expressed in seven themes of "infrastructure (place quality)", "socio-cultural", "upstream laws and macro policies", "human capital", "non-human capital", "communication" and "convergence and agglomeration". In addition, suggestions were made for the development of the humanities approach in an innovation district.

Customer satisfaction is one of the most important components of loyalty and durability towards a product, and this is more important in products that have more competition in their market. In this regard, this descriptive-explanatory was conducted using a qualitative approach. After collecting opinions of organic honey customers, 4390 opinions were analyzed using a ‘web crawler’ software and refining the collected data. ‘Word cloud’ was used for a better and quick understanding of the set of views, and then the research data were analyzed with the thematic analysis method. Finally, the final table of factors affecting the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of organic honey customers was extracted by repeatedly examining the network of themes. The findings of this research indicate that the high price, doubts about the organic nature of honey, and unfavorable packaging are respectively the most frequent causes of customer dissatisfaction, and favorable taste, favorable quality, and satisfaction from repeat purchases are the most frequent causes of customer satisfaction. The research results showed that customers pay special attention to honey itself, and the quality and authenticity of honey have a special effect on their satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Considering that the high price is one of the most important causes of dissatisfaction, factors like free shipping, discounts, etc, can help increase the satisfaction of organic honey customers.

The purpose of writing this article is Reviewing arrest System of perpetrators of evident crimes in two legal systems of Iran and England.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method.

The right to freedom of individuals resulted from presumption of innocence and no person must be limited or stripping off without legitimate reason. Legal regulations including violations of the right subject Article 44 of the Code of Criminal Procedure which followed by the British legal system has recognized the arrest of perpetrators of crimes to officer’s deposits.

this theoretical and Comparative Research shows that the English legislator give more extensive authority to police officers for arrest the accused of evident crime, So that our legislators in response to the evident crime, only recognized instances of this crime and granted specific powers and exceptional peace officer stages during and after the crime. While in the UK legislator grant broad powers to police officers before, during and after the crime and without considering the time between the crimes committed and informed. However, in the legal system, to enhance Police performance, legislator explained concepts such as reasonable suspicion and explicitly stated that the response of the police officers needs not warrant judicial authorities. Thus, the legislative process can be used from the experience of the legal system in the area.

So far, development programs have been examined from several perspectives.The present study, which has been conducted with a quantitative and qualitative mixed approach, examines these programs from the perspective of intergenerational justice in the energy sector (with emphasis on the oil and gas industry).In this study, after library studies and specialized interviews, indicators were designed to achieve the goal of international justice in the energy sector and were accredited by experts in this field, while these indicators were ranked using the Topsis method.Then, in the form of a focus group, a detailed study of development programs and the number of clauses that directly or indirectly refer to the issue of international justice in the energy sector with emp behasis on oil and gas were discussed. Re-validating the clauses and adapting them to the priorities obtained was another step in this research.The results of the present study show that development programs from the perspective of intergenerational justice in the energy sector during the first to sixth programs have addressed the issue with different approaches and priorities, and of course later programs have been more accurate and comprehensive, while The most important difference in this trend has been the importance of paying attention to the cost of oil revenues in the final programs.

National exhibitions have special capacities to develop and promote production in major countries, which unfortunately has been neglected in Iran. Studies show that national exhibitions play an important role in implementing the policies of the resistance economy (paragraphs 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9) In the present study, which was conducted with a library-survey approach, various capacities that are provided in a national exhibition to support domestic production have been identified. Then, with the survey conducted in the fourth exhibition of the capabilities of villagers and nomads, which was held with the central approach and slogan of explaining the role of villagers and nomads in the realization of production prosperity policies in the summer of 1398, these capacities have been evaluated accurately and case by case . To conduct this research, 194 questionnaires were completed by the exhibitors of the exhibition and in the final step, the collected data were analyzed using TOPSIS method. The results show that unfortunately about half of the functions in the exhibition of the capabilities of villagers and nomads have scored less than 50%. Although this exhibition has gained an acceptable position in playing the role of facilitating the identification of competitors in businesses, familiarity with customer expectations, as well as the introduction and branding of Iranian products, but today, exhibitions are not just a platform for introducing goods but also aspects of knowledge. And their development is very bold, which requires careful attention of policy makers and implementers to promote the use these functions.

development of the oil industry requires the development of technology, and one of the contractual benefits in the upstream part of the oil industry is related to this. Realization and strengthening of technological learning in this industry can be considered as one of the most important dimensions of development in it. question of the present study is, first of all, what are the factors affecting technological learning in the upstream part of the oil industry? And second, which of the two upstream Buyback contract and IPC frameworks has the greatest capacity to deliver technological learning? Therefore, after conducting documentary and library studies, initial statistics of the factors affecting technological learning were performed and in the next stage, in order to complete and validate the identified factors, specialized interview tools with experts were used and the final factors were presented. In the next step, different related clauses were identified in both reciprocal sale contract buyback and IPC. After forming the matrix of clauses and factors, the coverage of each factor in different clauses of both frameworks was analyzed. results show that none of the contractual frameworks has the capacity to fully cover the technological learning factors, although the contractual IPC framework in this field is in a better position than cross-selling. Technology development is more than the capacity of these contracts.

The use of oil sanctions has been one of the Western strategies against the Islamic Republic of Iran to change Iran's behavior that has intensified in recent years. Given the importance of oil transactions and exchanges for Iran, both in terms of oil revenues and in terms of interactive power tools, it is essential to identify appropriate strategies for international marketing of Iranian crude oil under sanctions. The present study has attempted to identify these strategies through library studies, review of documents and interviews with experts in this field to rank them according to the indicators designed using TOPSIS method which is one of the research methods in soft operations.The results show that the main concern in the discussion of oil sanctions is the issue of money transfer from the sale of oil. Among the identified strategies, utilizing the capacity of bilateral or multilateral monetary treaties with oil customers, building miny refineries internally, utilizing Dark room capacity, as well as utilizing trusty companies have gained better ratings in terms of strategies.

Developing local content and promoting the use of domestic capacities in the oil industry as one of the main drivers in the country's development requires identifying and adopting appropriate strategies. For this purpose, in the present study, after considering the policies of some countries and other empirical and theoretical studies, the policies were carefully identified and confirmed by the experts through questionnaires and surveys. On the other hand, in order to rank these policies according to the country's situation, indicators were designed through the focal group and provided to experts for validation and weighting. The final ranking of policies based on the weight of the indicators indicates that the determination of the specific percentage for the use of manpower and raw materials, long-term contracts with foreign companies, and the requirement for the replacement of forces and domestic companies gradually and determining financial incentives for the full use of manpower and domestic materials are in the top priority. The final part of the paper reviews the status of the laws, regulations, and contracts of the country in this regard and provides policy analysis

Expatriate of specialists from the key strategic industries of the country is one of the main concerns of thinkers and policymakers at the highest levels, which in particular, the country's oil industry has been hit a lot from this type of expatriate. Since attempting to study the dimensions of this issue and trying to reduce the Self-initiated expatriate of specialists from the country is very necessary, in the present study, while conceptualizing and analyzing the dimensions of the Self-initiated expatriate motivators of the country's oil industry with an emphasis on the role And functions of human resources management have been ranked by these factors. Accordingly, after carrying out library studies and designing the final model, validation of the model was carried out (SANJESH) based on the opinion of experts in the field of human resources management and the final questionnaire, drawn up in a paired comparison, was completed by ten oil specialists that expatriated from the country. Based on the results of the questionnaires that analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), among the three factors that effect in motivation - the personality, the type of international occupation and demographic characteristics - the factor of personality as the most important factor and among the four motivational goals -career development, change of life, financial motivation and adventure- factor Career development has top ranked and priority. The issue of policy recommendations for managing the immigration space of specialists in the country has been considered in the final section of the paper.

The phenomenon of stock mispricing and its impact on the decisions and behavior of managers and investors is a new field in financial science research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stock mispricing on investment behavior and the effect of institutional shareholders on this relationship in companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to carry out the research, we selected 170 companies from Tehran Stock Exchange listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period from 2010 to 2016 and with using panel data method in this time period has been tested and evaluated. To measure mispricing, the breakdown of market value to book value was used according to Rhodes-Cropf et al. (2005). In order to estimate the models and test the hypotheses, multivariate regression was used with generalized least squares estimation and related tests. The results of the tests showed that, firstly, there is a positive, significant and strong relationship between the stock mispricing and investment; secondly, the percentage of institutional ownership has a reciprocal and significant effect on the relationship between mispricing - investment.

Technology transfer from IOCs and technology development in these countries and maximizing of local content is one of the important incentives in upstream petroleum contracts. In this article, we reviewed several contracts like concessions, production sharing and service contracts and surveyed upstream petroleum’s contracts Capacity on the transfer and development of technology and using of local content with approach of the critical success factors. The results of these research showed that concession contract doesn’t have enough capacity for this goal because this contract focused on petroleum’s income but production sharing and service contract have some tools for this aim. We can say upstream petroleum contract are necessary for technology transfer but they aren’t enough for this goal.

Technology development in the upstream sector of the oil industry. One of the most important objectives and requirements in the development of this industry. So far, efforts and large investments have been made in this area, But there has not been a complete success, as well as in parts of the industry, dependency can be seen, Examine barriers to technology transfer and development in the upstream sector of the oil industry, the main purpose of this article. This article has analytical and pathological approach. The results show that in addition to analysis to identify the dimensions and factors affecting technology transfer, Should be noticed to other structural and institutional factors that effects on transfer and development of technology in this industry. In this regard, barriers such as lack of technology absorption capacity in this industry in the country, institutional locking, innovation network failures, system failures, lack of attention to the levels and components of technology, lack of attention to players of technology transfer and development, lack of attention to the technology mediators are some of important points that this article focused on them.

Buyback contract is one of the most common Iran's contracts, particularly after the Islamic Revolution, which has many pros and cons.One of the common problems refers to the lack of technology transfer through these contracts. Opponents claim that this type of contract agreements due to their structure, don't have enough ability totransfer technical knowledge and complete transfer to the host country .In contrast, proponents believe that the contract is not wrong to be in the contract, provisions concerning the transfer of technology and know-how in terms of technology transfer and other sources. This paper has attempted, while explaining this challenge, to explore technology transfer weakness in the oil industry and the effectiveness of their oil contracts in this area. The results show that in addition to the lack of incentives in the technology sender companies, problems related to lack of absorptive capacity for technology acquisition and transmission problems in the country as well as the factors influencing technology development in Iran.While the traditional approaches to the development of technology transfer through foreign investment and contracts with international oil companies, according to the presence of multiple actors in the technology market in the oil industry could be fertile ground for technology development in the country

The aim of present article is identifying and networking the entrepreneurial university's structure dimensions by an interdisciplinary approach. Entrepreneurial university appearance as a center which focuses on humanity knowledge and its publication, investigation, preparation and university attendance on development of economic and social with more operational system, can be known as one of the most important events in recent years. By attention to necessity of developing these kinds of universities, we have to examine structure basis and I.R.Iran,s universities should be aware of such universities. In this investigation, researchers after library considerations, proceed for recognition of effective structural dimensions on entrepreneurial university using Delphi method in three rounds. Choosing selective experts, accompanied by combining ten completely collegiate experts, three completely technical experts and six collegiate and technical experts. But in second round 15 and in third round, only 12 experts contribute with researchers then they ranked this dimensions by using ANP. After recognizing dimensions by using Delphi method they were ordered by using networking process: independence and integration, professionalism, complexity, centralization and formality. The result of the present article indicates that since Entrepreneurial University's Structure should persuade creativity and synergy; therefore scientific system of our country should notice structural dimensions in universities especially in the aspects of independence, integration and professionalism.

Governments are considered as complex social systems. Handling and controlling these systems are very intricate. In order to achieve ideal results، national politicians and policymakers intervene purposefully in these systems. Arranging Meta documents and accrediting them are considered of these purposeful efforts to reach the expected outcomes in operational level and to achieve objective، observable and planned changes. However، some challenges are arisen in the process of implementation and operationalization of these Meta documents which make the obtained results different from what were expected. Focusing on Islamic Republic of Iran''s state، this study scrutinizes the challenges in the process of operationalization of Meta policies into executive programs by employing system theory and indicating how the expected results of purposeful interventions fail. Finally، in addition to providing considerations، this study presents policy and practical implications in this area. The results of this study show that training managers، experts and scholars who have enough competencies in solving and analyzing the qualitative-quantitative paradoxes in Meta documents and in supportive programs and implementation is very effective. Moreover، establishing an institution for observing and monitoring national indices based on appropriate statistical and quantitative data and its centrality to public and private organization is very necessary. Redefinition of appropriate composite indices، appropriate operationalizing of statistical and quantitative indices in order to avoiding policy and implementation paradoxes and creating companionship and synchronism in implementation level are the other implications of this study.

This study examines the impact of resource financing and interlocking stockholders on the Tehran Stock Exchange market response on reported earnings among companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. The aim of this research is to answer the fundamental question، whether the amount of reliance of companies on debt financing has effect on market response on their reported earnings or not? In this research، in order to investigate of the impact of interlocking stockholders، we examine the role and impact of institutional owners on market response on reported earnings. The research sample consists of 96 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2002 to 2011. For investigating the impact of resource financing and interlocking stockholders on the market response on reported earnings، econometric panel data approaches were used. The result of testing hypothesis shows that the resource financing has a negative significant effect on market response on earnings so that with increasing reliance of companies on debt financing the market response on earnings is reduced. The results also show that the interlocking stockholders has a positive significant effect on market response on earnings so with increasing presence of interlocking stockholders، market response on earnings will increase too.

Acquisition of technology is accomplished through various methods one of which is technology transfer. In order to have a successful transfer all of its dimensions must be considered and its essential substructures should be provided in all political, economical, cultural, social and security dimensions. Given to the existing vacuum in cultural-social studies of technology transfer the present survey studies its Socio-Cultural components in the Islamic Republic of Iran's outlook horizon of the next two decades. It has prioritized indexes and components that are affected by technology transfer through representing analytic network process (ANP) model.The indexes and components used in this survey have been obtained from superior approved indexes like Higher Council of Cultural Revolution, Public Culture Council and Cultural Appendix and cases with higher importance have been identified after collecting expert's views about impact level of each index. Final results were obtained after paired comparisons. In final ranking of indexes with network model cases such as behavior, identity and independence and among components cases such as cultural relations, attitude towards living conditions in Iran and sense of belonging to culture and Islamic-Iranian life style obtained higher ranks.