فهرست مطالب mohammad pourebrahimi

Clinical competence is one of the requirements that nurses must have in clinical environments, especially psychiatric centers. This issue has a direct impact on the quality of nursing care. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the level of clinical competence, dimensions and related factors in psychiatric nurses working in Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran in 2024.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 211 psychiatric nurses. The samples were selected by census method. The data was collected using demographic information questionnaire and "Clinical Competence of Mohtashmi Psychiatric Nurses" questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.

The mean clinical competency score of the psychiatric nurses participating in the study was 147.20±50.37. The mean and standard deviation of general competence, specific competence of the psychiatric nurses participating in the research were 32.47±5.34, 115.02±16.03, respectively. Also, the results of the study showed that participation in specialized psychiatric nursing courses has a significant relationship with clinical competence (p=0.002).

The results of this study show that the clinical competence of psychiatric nurses is at a good level, but more focus should be made on the dimensions of their specialized clinical competence. Also, holding specialized psychiatric nursing courses during service can further improve the quality level of clinical competence of psychiatric nurses in caring for patients with psychiatric disorders. Therefore, it is suggested that nursing managers of medical centers pay attention and emphasize the holding of these courses for psychiatrists.

With the increase in the prevalence of gender dysphoria, and the increase in people'sdesire to sex reassignment strategies, the increasing  effects of these therapies on quality of life are mainly observed. Understanding these effects enable the treatment community to empowers, transgender people to improve their quality of life.

This study is a narrative review study that searches using these keywords: Quality of life (QOL) -Gender reassignment surgery (GRS)- Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) - Male to female (MTF) In databases: Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, SID Done without time limit.

In this study, based on the mentioned keywords, 50 articles were obtained. After implementing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles remained. Based on the findings, some studies indicate that in long-term studies after surgery, the quality of life of transgender people is the same as ordinary people, and in some areas, the quality of life is lower than ordinary people.

Findings of the studies in this study, based on the surgical technique used, the time of examination of transgender people after surgery and the control group is variable. In general, the results indicate an increase in the quality of life of transgender people in the areas of interpersonal and social relationships and a decrease in the physical area despite patients' satisfaction with surgery. The results of changes in the field of psychology are variable and need further investigation in this area.

Adaptive reuse of existing buildings, by maximum use of buildings structural, physical and material potentials, is regarded as an approach meeting sustainable development goals. The Adaptive Reuse Potential (ARP) model is seen as a very effective tool to measure the re-usability potentials of existing buildings. This model can serve as an appropriate tool in architecture and urban planning in dealing with existing buildings and structures before becoming obsolete. The Adaptive Reuse Potential model evaluates buildings reuse potential by calculating the useful life of the building through measuring different building obsolescence types, the current age of the building, and itspredicted physical life. The Adaptive Reuse Potential model is a general model uniformly applied in all building types and can be used in all countries. This paper aimed to customize this model to fossil fuel power plants, which may yield highly accurate results. The research methods as consistent with different stages were as follows: documentary and library studies were used to study and analyze the Adaptive Reuse Potential model and determine all building obsolescence types; field surveys to investigate the case study; interviewing experts; using a pairwise comparison questionnaire and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to weight and prioritize the types of obsolescence in fossil fuel power plants. To validate the results, the customized Adaptive Reuse Potential model was deployed to a case study and the outputs are compared with those outputs obtained from applying the original model in the same case study. According to performed analyzes and based on the experts views, it is affirmed that the results obtained from the customized Adaptive Reuse Potential model for fossil fuel power plants were more accurate than those of the primary model.

Many patients suffer from sexual dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, but they refuse to propose and follow up on the problem due to the cultural structures prevailing in Iranian society. Untreated sexual dysfunction will disturb the quality of life of these patients. This study was performed to explain the experiences of male patients from sexual problems after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

This qualitative study was performed with the approach of conventional content analysis in Tehran in 2020. The data were collected through semi‑structured interviews with 12 men after coronary artery bypass graft surgery at the hospital’s cardiac surgery clinic, as well as the surgeon’s clinic. Participants were selected by the targeted sampling method. After obtaining informed consent, the collected data were written word by word, and the content analysis approach was used to name the data, create analytical codes, and determine subcategories and categories. The data were analyzed by MAXQDA 10 software.

The findings of this study show that the dimensions of confusion in patients’ sexual intercourse after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in four subcategories of challenges of the first intercourse after surgery, ambiguity in how to obtain information, the ambiguity of sexual issues after surgery, and spouse are concerned about having sexual intercourse.

The results of this study show that male patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery have many ambiguities in the process of sexual intercourse, which passes the beginning of sexual intercourse with fear and avoidance of intercourse. Postoperative patients do not propose these problems with the medical staff when they suffer from sexual dysfunction or ambiguity due to the taboo of talking about sexual intercourse. Eventually, the patient and his or her partner become confused about sexual intercourse after surgery. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers in the field of health create the culture and planning for solving the ambiguities created in the path of sexual intercourse of these patients.

Technology and innovation universities of third generation are universities whose main concern is teaching, learning and entrepreneurship. Regarded to the role of third generation universities in the commercialization of knowledge and entrepreneurship, present research aimed to explaining challenges of applying the technology and innovation university in higher education system.

The method of this study was qualitative from type of contractual content analysis. The research population was faculty members of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences of Tehran city in 2018 year. Based on the theory of theoretical saturation, 8 members of the community were selected by purposeful sampling as a sample. Data were collected by semi-structured interview method and analyzed by Graneheim content analysis.

The results of data analysis included extraction of three main categories and eight subcategories. The main categories and subcategories extracted were including: 1. Cultivation (developing entrepreneurial spirit among faculty and students, attention to community values and beliefs and managerschr('39') beliefs to entrepreneurship), 2. Transformation in education (training of vocational, managerial and educational skills, changing policies and changing educational styles) and 3. Direct contact with industry (relationship of universities with businesses and using creative ideas in the industry).

The findings showed that the main and effective factors in the creation and development of technology and innovation universities include cultivation, transformation in education and direct contact with industry. Therefore, it is recommended planning for troubleshooting and improving the current status based on these classes for the infrastructure technology and innovation university.

Many patients suffer from sexual dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, which can have psychological, physical, and pharmacological backgrounds. Untreated sexual dysfunction will impair the quality of life of these patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to explain male patientschr('39') experiences with sexual problems after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

This qualitative study was performed with the approach of conventional content analysis in Tehran in 2020. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 men after coronary artery bypass graft surgery at the hospitalchr('39')s cardiac surgery clinic and the surgeonchr('39')s clinic. Participants were selected by the targeted sampling method. After obtaining informed consent, the collected data were written word by word, and the content analysis approach was used to name the data, create analytical codes, and determine subcategories and categories

In this study, a significant category of Threatened public health after surgery was extracted, including three subcategories of physical limitations, mental limitations, and therapeutic limitations.

The results of this study showed that sexual dysfunction is common in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and there are significant reasons including psychological, physical, and pharmacological factors that should be included in all of these. Serious attention should be paid so that patients return to their sexual life immediately after surgery and the quality of life of these patients is not impaired. Therefore, it is recommended that health policymakers create a culture and plan to solve the problems created in these patientschr('39') sexual relations.

Context: 

Sexual dysfunction is one of the challenges faced by heart patients. In Iran, because of the cultural structure, addressing sexual issues and problems is difficult in these patients and the follow-up of heart problems causes these patients’ sexual relations to be marginalized. Considering the fact that there is no general conclusion about the prevalence and types of sexual dysfunction in these patients in the Iranian society, in order to gain comprehensive knowledge about this phenomenon, this study was conducted as a systematic review to investigate the sexual dysfunction status in Iranian heart patients.

Evidence Acquisition: 

In this systematic review, articles published in Persian and English were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Medlib, Magiran, SID, Iranmedex, and Google Scholar databases using keywords without time limits. Then, the articles meeting the inclusion criteria were studied and analyzed. Out of the 1011 articles retrieved, 12 were reviewed and analyzed. To extract the data, two experienced researchers reviewed and analyzed the articles simultaneously, and the co-working professors of the research team evaluated the quality of the articles separately to increase the validity and reliability of the study.

All reviewed articles were quantitative studies. The results of extracting the findings indicated male sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction, orgasmic function, sexual desire, sexual satisfaction, and marital satisfaction. In female patients, sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction were impaired.

According to the results, heart diseases caused sexual dysfunction in heart patients. Patients with heart diseases had significant problems, such as lack of sexual desire, sexual dissatisfaction, and decreased frequency of sexual activity. Considering the severity of this disorder in the Iranian society, the treatment team is recommended to pay serious attention to sexual relations in these patients and consider the improvement of their sexual function as an integral part of the cardiac rehabilitation function.

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder and auto-immune disease that is associated with symptoms of fluctuating muscle fatigue and dysfunction of the neuromuscular junction system. This disease greatly affects various aspects of the patientchr('39')s life and impacts the personchr('39')s perception of the quality of life. The aim of this study was to explain and analyze life experiences with myasthenia gravis disease in a young girl.

Methods & Materials: 

This report is a qualitative case with interpretive phenomenological approach that examines the life experiences of a young girl with myasthenia gravis in 2019. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Van Manenchr('39')s phenomenological approach.

Ethical Considerations:

 This study was registered in the Research Ethics Committee of Khatam University (Code: 3299/100/P/98).

 Thematic analysis indicated that myasthenia gravis disease affects all aspects of personchr('39')s life world. These four aspects include living and feelings with time, body, space, and others. Eventually, three interrelated themes emerged from the patientchr('39')s perception of the world around her, including physical weakness, future ambiguity, and frustration.

 The present study shows a clear image and understanding of the problems of living with MG in a young girl. The phenomenological world of mixed by physical weakness, ambiguity in the future, and frustration that indicating the suffering and distress that the patient experiences following the illness. The results of this study contribute to the awareness of health and rehabilitation specialists in the field of work and research in myasthenia gravis as a neurological disease.

Buildings have a great contribution in the consumption of energy and resources available on the planet earth. Given the importance of the sustainable development and the preservation of resources and lands for future generations, the idea of adaptive reuse of existing buildings is addressed globally. Adaptive reuse of the existing buildings is an approach to restore the life of buildings at the end of their useful and service life, by determining a suitable use based on their potential and characteristics. Adaptive reuse of existing buildings through maximum use of building material, social, cultural, structural and physical potential, avoid of unnecessary extension of cities and use of lands and resources, is well align with sustainable development main goals. But, despite all the benefits and advantages of adaptive reuse, there are cases that adaptive reuse is not suitable and demolition is inevitable. Therefore we need some criteria to evaluate buildings potential for adaptive reuse. For buildings which have a high potential for adaptive reuse, we also need some criteria to determine a (re)use in compliance with the existing building features. By determining such criteria, it is possible to modify the life cycle of buildings through adaptive reuse. Based on such a perspective, the authors investigated the literature and scholars view points and criteria which are addressed in different scientific documents. The literature shows a confusing variety of criteria. Through this study the adaptive reuse related criteria are identified and by an analytical approach and according to similarity between these criteria, they are classified in two areas. The first area includes the criteria in concern to examine existing buildings adaptive reuse potential. The authors identified eight comprehensive criteria for this area. The second area includes the criteria related to the determining a match reuse for existing buildings. The authors identified six comprehensive criteria for this area. The presented comprehensive criteria, covering all criteria in the literature, can be considered as a new framework and foundation for future studies on existing buildings adaptive reuse. In this way this study will contribute in buildings sustainability. According to presented criteria, buildings life cycle is modified. The traditional buildings life cycle include these phases: design, construction, operation, maintenance, demolition and new construction. It should be noted that such an approach to the buildings life is a linear approach, while regarding the increasing importance of sustainable development, attempt to restore buildings into the life cycle is a more acceptable approach. According to this, after the end of buildings useful life and before the demolition, buildings potential for adaptive reuse should be considered according to the related criteria and only when a building dos not have a good potential for adaptive reuse, it can be demolished. This approach will extend buildings life span and can lead to avoid of premature demolition. Premature demolition of buildings has many disadvantages. Of the disadvantages of this approach are wastes production, waste of buildings’ embodied energy, unnecessary use of resources and materials. Therefore the proposed buildings life cycle can leads to a more sustainable environment.

Global warming  has a lot of effects on agriculture and food production. Inadequate reception of winter cold in fruit trees, especially pistachios, is a major problem that occurs in many regions of relatively moderate winters. In order to investigate the effect of Dormex and volck oil on Completing the chilling requirement in pistachio trees the present study on pistachio trees of Akbari cultivar was carried out on the site of the model and extension of the farm of Izad Yaran Company in Sirjan city. Treatments used were spraying, water (control), 4% volck oil, Dormax 3%, 4% and 5% on 07/02/2018, Dormax 3%, 4% and 5% on 18/02/2018 and Dormax 3, 4 and 5% were on 07/02/2018 and 18/02/2018, respectively. The Time of budbreak, the activity of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the buds, branch length, weight 100 nuts, percentage of filled, blank, split and unsplit seeds were studied. The results showed that 4% Dormex treatment  and after that 3%, the best treatments and control, Volck oil and Dormex 5% in second  dates  were the the worst treatment in terms of the opening time of the floral buds. According to the results, after 10 days, the highest amount of catalase activity was related to control treatment and the least activity was related to 4% and 5% Dormex treatments on February 18th. Data on peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes and weight 100 nuts were not statistically significant. the highest length of  Branch  was related to 4%  and 3% treatments of Dormex, and the lowest Branch length was related to control treatment, and after that, the sprayed Dormex treatments on February 18th. The highest percentage of filled fruit was obtained from 4% Dormex treatment sprayed on February 18th. highest percentage of split fruits and the lowest percentage of unsplit were 4% and 3% Dormex treatments, on February 18th, respectively. According to the results of this experiment, 4% dormex treatment  spray in dated 07/02/2018 was associated with earlier budbreak of the dormancy and improved quality parameters (percentage of filled and split fruits) than 4% volck oil, However, the volck oil caused a more uniform opening of the floral buds than the control.

Colorectal cancer is a progressive gastrointestinal disease that leads to the insertion of an ostomy for patients. On the other hand, the manifestations and complications caused by the insertion of the ostomy cause many physical and mental problems for the patient. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body-esteem and perceived social support in patients with ostomy in the Iranian Ostomy Association. This descriptive-correlational study was performed on 350 patients with ostomy referring to the Iranian Ostomy Association in Tehran. The Convenient method was used for sampling. The data collection tool was a Body-esteem Scale and Nortous social support questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and Tukey test. The mean and standard deviation of Body-esteem and perceived social support of patients were 42.57 ± 10.24 and 131.17 ± 15.45. According to the findings of this study, the mean score of Body-esteem and social support in patients with ostomy was moderate. There is a direct and significant relationship between social support and Body-esteem (r = 0.13, P = 0.006). Since the perception of social support has considerable effect on Body-esteem, it is recommended that nurses, by identifying high-risk groups in terms of receiving and understanding social support, continuously examine the patient's support needs and improve their level of Mental health and also by connecting patients with the community, families and groups of friends pay attention to this psychological dimension.

Nurses as the largest group among vocations medical system face a lot of stressful situations which can put their quality of work life and general health in danger. Accordingly, the present study was carried out with the purpose of determining the relation between quality of work life and general health of nurses working in Razi Psychiatric Center in Tehran, Iran. In the current cross-sectional study the population was all nurses who were working in Razi Psychiatric Center in 2017. A total number of 339 nurses were chosen based on entrance criteria of the study. Instruments used to gathering information were personal characteristics questionnaire, a 28question of general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), and Walton’s quality of life questionnaire. The data were analyzed through SPSS 18 software package by descriptive and inferential statistics using independent sample t-test, variance analysis, and Pearson coefficient. It has been found that gender, type of employment, age, marital status, working times, exercising, and smoking don’t have a significant effect of general health and its elements and only working in a second job is negatively related to the participants physical health (P = 0.032). Also the results indicated a positive relationship between general health and quality of work life (P = 0.004). The results of current study show that there is a meaningful relationship between nurses’ general health and their quality of work life. A large number of nurses did not have suitable levels of mental health. It is crucial for medical managers and politicians to devise coherent plans to monitor nurses’ levels of general health and work life quality; besides, they need to come up with solutions to improve levels of mentioned factors

Medication errors are one of the most common errors in care and these errors have a double importance among nurses. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 350 nurses working in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran by stratified sampling method. Data were collected using Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire, The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, and medication errors questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and Tukey post hoc test. Based on the findings of this study, the incidence of nursing medication errors in the past 3 months was 12.39 ± 2.42 (total score 19) and the fatigue score of 78 ± 16.5 (total score 140) was moderate. There was a direct and significant correlation between the amount of fatigue with the occurrence of drug errors (r = 0.40, P < 0.001). According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the occurrence of drug errors in nurses is common. Therefore, it is necessary to teach the principles of correct medication taking into account all safety points, identifying and eliminating the factors leading to fatigue of nurses in each department and providing conditions for nursing fatigue moderated.

Cardiovascular diseases is one of the main causes of mortality in the world. Coronary artery disease is one of the cardiovascular diseases that affects the sexual function of this patients. This study was performed to evaluate the sexual function of patients before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. This cross-sectional study was performed on 90 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the two military Hospitals, Iran. In this research the international index of erectile function before and after two months after cardiac surgery was used for data gathering. The mean of total sexual function before surgery was 13.43 and 2 months after surgery was 6.93. Also, sexual function was decreased significantly in the areas of erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, satisfaction with intercourse and marital satisfaction after surgery. (P <0.001). Probably due to the complications of surgery sexual function decreased in the short term. Therefore, in order to study more precisely, longitudinal studies are recommended to evaluation of this concept. Keywords: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, Sexual Function, International Index of Erectile Function

Many buildings experience demolition while a significant part of their physical and structural life is still remain. Such buildings usually became abandoned before the end of their physical life as a result of various factors, such as the inability to meet the new requirements and expectations. In such circumstances, adaptive reuse can have significant benefits compared to demolish and new construction. Demolition has some disadvantages, including waste of building embodied energy, building waste generation, use of new sources and greenhouse gas emissions as a result of new construction. Unlike demolition, adaptive reuse approach avoids the lavish process of demolition and new construction. Adaptive reuse approach can lead to materials waste reduction, maximum use of materials, embodied energy saving, time saving, economic saving, avoiding of overuse of resources and lands and preserve them for future generations. But the reuse of existing buildings need appropriate study and evaluating. Adaptive Reuse Potential (ARP) model through measuring building reuse potential and determining the best time to intervene for the reuse of building turns to an effective tool for decision-making in this area. Adaptive reuse potential (ARP) Model, which was introduced in 2007 by Professor Craig Langston, has a generic application to all countries. Adaptive reuse potential model (ARP) needs data such as the building physical life, current age of the building and building predicted useful life. Actually the useful life of a building is different from its physical life and there maybe buildings losing their utility because of obsolescence, years before the end of their physical life. This model uses 7 types of obsolescence includes, physical, economic, functional, technical, social, legal and political. A scale of 0–20% is used to assess obsolescence vulnerability, where 0% means it is effectively immune and 20% means it is significantly exposed. Adaptive reuse potential model (ARP) output is some indexes as percentage. ARP index more than 50% indicates high adaptive reuse potential, 20% to 50% indicates medium potential for reuse and ARP index below 20% indicates low potential for adaptive reuse.
On the one hand, Fossil fuel power plants have valuable features for adaptive reuse, including large open internal spaces, solid structures, large and valuable tracts of land, existing infrastructure, interesting architecture features, historic preservation interest, and landmarks for a new generation. On the other hand, due to large scale of fossil fuel power plants, their demolition can cost a lot and cause waste generation and waste of embodied energy. New construction also involves the use of significant resources and land. Also given to greenhouse gas emissions by these power plants, determination of the useful life, potential and the best time for reuse are very important. Adaptive reuse potential (ARP) model is a useful tool in this regard. This paper assessed the adaptive reuse potential of Tehran Beasat power plant, based on Adaptive reuse potential (ARP) model. So, the Adaptive reuse potential (ARP) model has been studied through the practical application and meanwhile calculating the reuse potential of the power plant the obtained results are discussed and analyzed.

Adaptive reuse of the building is a means to restore the life of buildings at the end of their useful life, by determining a suitable use based on their potential and characteristics. Adaptive reuse approach avoids the lavish process of demolition and new built and caused materials and embodied energy saving, materials waste reducing, time saving, economic savings, avoiding overuse of resources and lands and preserve them for future generations. But the question is what buildings are suitable for adaptive reuse? When is the best time to intervene to implement this approach? Such questions show that adaptive reuse requires proper evaluation and management. The adaptive reuse potential (ARP) model with generic application in all country and for all building, is a decision making tool for proper management of this approach. This model addition to calculate the potential of building for reuse and its useful life gives the best time to intervene. In this way, we can identify and reuse buildings with suitable potential for this purpose. This paper first analyzes adaptive reuse potential (ARP) model and its related factors and then investigates the possibility of implement and justification of adaptive reuse potential (ARP) model for different types of building to achieving more accurate results and outcomes.

One of the common complications of open heart surgery is AF and PVC arrhythmias. Since the highest share of care and treatment in cardiac arrhythmias, especially in critical care departments, is done by nurses, and in order to increase awareness for better nursing care, the current study was designed to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulfate on the incidence of AF and PVC after open heart surgery. In this semi-experimental study, 140 patients were randomly divided to intervention and control groups. Seventy patients (intervention group-magnesium sulfate) received 2 g of intravenous magnesium before surgery, 2 g during the operation, and 30 mg/kg on days one, two, three, and four after surgery, and 70 patients in the control group underwent surgery routinely. The serum level was measured before, during, and after the operation. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze the qualitative variables (P > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in the intervention group was 1.4% and in the control group, this was 10% (seven patients). P was 0.02 and the incidence of premature ventricular contractions in the intervention group was 24.2% (17 cases) and in the control group, this was 51% (36 patients), P = 0.03. Administration of magnesium sulfate before, during, and after open heart surgery seems to be useful in preventing new cases of atrial fibrillation and premature ventricular contractions. The results of this study can help improve nursing care in critical care departments.

Clinical self-efficacy is an individual's belief for doing clinical skills. As much as individuals have higher efficacy in clinical practice, their clinical practice will be better. The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical self-efficacy, its dimensions and related factors in nursing students at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2016.
In this descriptive-analytical study, 150 nursing students were selected by the census method. Data were collected using the demographic characteristic form and clinical self-efficacy questionnaire. Also, the data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical tests using the SPSS 16 software.
The total mean score of clinical self-efficacy was 106.54 ± 21.14. Assessment of the patients had the highest scores among the dimensions of clinical efficacy (34.42 ± 7). There was a significant correlation between the average scores of the students (r = 0.17, P = 0.02) and studying at higher semesters (P Self-efficacy is one of the important concepts to promote the clinical performance in nursing students. Therefore, it is recommended that to strengthen all aspects of clinical self-efficacy, organized educational programs with a supportive approach be developed.

Hospital mortality among the most important the determinants of population health status are considered. And access to the right information from rate, process and causes of death in order to set priorities and interventions in the health sector is of great importance.
Material and This cross-sectional study and using the information contained in the medical records department Military Hospital in during the years of 1393, 94 was performed. In order to conduct the study, the medical records of all patients who died in the mentioned period extracted by using necessary information such as gender, age, sector and services that the patients were hospitalized foot shift, holiday or non- holiday the patient died, days before or after 24 hours of hospital admission and death was recorded. The data analysis software SPSS20 using descriptive statistics and analysis of and chi-square were used
The total number of deaths at a military hospital in two 1386 cases the rate for year 93 and 94, respectively 678 and 708 people. Of this amount 779 men (56.2%), 562 women (40.5%) and 45 patients (3.2%) infants. The mortality rate in the 94 years since equal 93, 4/4% has increased.
Although the mortality rate of the pure and impure lower standard, But actions about the prevention of deaths resulting from prolonged hospitalization by providing the necessary training to provide services Home Care outside the hospital and the first level the prevention can be In reducing the some deaths in patients in older age groups play an effective role.

Cardiovascular diseases is one of the main causes of mortality in the world. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the cardiovascular diseases that influence patients’ quality of life. Evaluating quality of life of these patients is one of the components of treatment; this study is done with the aim of comparing patients’ quality of life before and after CABG. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 patients candidate for CABG in Baqiatallah and Jamaran Heart hospitals of Tehran in 2013. Sampling was done among the patients who had the inclusion criteria through convenient sampling method. Collecting data was done before and two months after surgery; MacNew specific Questionnaire of heart patients’ quality of life was used for this purpose. Paired t-test and SPSS17 software were used for statistical analysis. The average score for quality of life before and two months after surgery was respectively 225.4 (24.88) and 168.6 (34.7). Also quality of life had significant decrease before surgery in compare with after surgery regarding emotional, physical and social dimensions (p<0.001). Quality of life will be decreased in a short period of time due to surgical complications. Conducting longitudinal studies is recommended for more accurate assessment of this concept.

In order to investigate the effect of different Fe sources on micronutrients concentration, especially Fe, in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. California Wonder), under alkaline conditions and hydroponic system, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with two factors of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) at three levels (0, 10 and 15 mM) and four forms of Fe fertilizer (FeSO4, Fe-EDTA, Fe-DTPA and Fe-EDDHA) all at 10 mM and three replications. According to the obtained results, NaHCO3 stress caused a reduction in P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and K, and an enhancement in Na concentration. When the FeSO4 source was used, an increase in NaHCO3 concentration resulted in severe chlorosis of the plants, although Fe concentration in this treatment not only was not lower than Fe chelate- treated plants, but also it was higher in some cases. In the presence of NaHCO3 and FeSO4 treatment, the concentration of Mn, Zn and Cu in plants was higher than in plants treated with Fe-chelates, which might be due to the reduction of Fe competition with these elements in this treatment. Therefore, although the use of Fe chelates, especially Fe-EDDHA, for Fe provision in alkaline condition is recommended, but its high concentrations may cause Mn, Zn and Cu deficiency in plants.

Due to increasing the number of Hemodialysis patients and also the necessity of consistent and continuous cares by family members to patients، we have been up to doing a test in order to find out the effects of oral Vitamin C on tiredness and exhaustion of hemodialysis patient caregivers according to researches that have been done on the effect of oral Vitamin C on fatigue. This research is a before-after one-group semi experimental study of a that has been done in 2012. The samples were 25 caregivers who have been coming to the selected hospital in Tehran and they had been chosen randomly and purposively. At first The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory MFI-20 Questionnaire was completed by research samples before intervention and after a month of using oral Vitamin C the Questionnaire was completed once again. After collecting the data by descriptive statistics and paired t-test the data had been analyzed by SPSS 17 software. The samples were 48% male with the age average of 44. 4 and 72% married. In general exhaustion and fatigue، physical fatigue، mental fatigue and reduced activity dimensions significant difference (p<0. 05) had been observed but there was no significant difference in the reduced motivation dimension. According to the results، using oral Vitamin C can be recommended for reducing the fatigue of caregivers and thereupon increasing the quality of care given to Hemodialysis patients.