mohammad razavi

 In order to control air accidents and build trust among the public, airlines require compliance the laws related to social responsibility in the organization. Organizations are obliged to perform their duties regarding social responsibility when citizens are fully aware of their citizenship rights. The purpose of this research is to examine the effectiveness of observing citizenship rights on air accidents with the mediating role of social responsibility.

 This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the research was made up of a number of Police aviation employees. Statistical sample, 290 people have been selected by simple random sampling method. To collect data, three standard questionnaires were used, the reliability and validity of which were confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha and Lawshe coefficient and by professors and experts familiar with the subject. Data were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS software through the methods of descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis.

 Among the dimensions of citizenship rights respectively, social rights, political rights, and civil rights have the most explanations. Among the dimensions of the organization's social responsibility respectively, legal responsibility, economic responsibility, moral responsibility, and friendly type responsibility have the most explanations. Among the dimensions of air accident control respectively, environmental factors, human factors, hardware factors, and software factors have the most explanations.

 The results show that citizenship rights have a positive and significant effect on the control of air accidents through the Mediator variable of social responsibility and directly.

One of the effective strategies to control wheat diseases is to use a mixture of varieties. Basically, varieties with good and similar agricultural traits, but different in diseases resistance should be used. It is common to use a mixture of cultivars, when the high-yielding cultivar is sensitive and the low-yielding cultivar is resistant, so that their mixture has an acceptable efficiency. The mixture of cultivars is defined as a mixture of different cultivars that are similar enough to grow together, but differ in many traits such as disease resistance. The mixture of cultivars does not completely stop the disease, instead it reduces the disease progression rate by eliminating a large number of pathogen spores in each reproductive cycle. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of mixed cultivation of three cultivars, Kohdasht, Moghan and Morvarid, in controlling four diseases, powdery mildew, tan spot, stripe rust and leaf rust.

To investigate the effect of the mixture of cultivars in control of wheat leaf diseases, a research was performed in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and four replications in the Gorgan Agricultural Research Station, Gorgan, Iran. The studied cultivars included three cultivars, Kohdasht, Moghan, and Maorvarid, and the evaluated diseases were four leaf diseases including powdery mildew, tan spot, stripe (yallow) rust, and leaf (brown) rust. Powdery mildew and tan spot were measured based on contamination rate using the Sari and Prescott scale, and atripe and leaf rusts were measured based on the disease type and severity. Final disease severity and standardized area under disease progression curve (SAUDPC) were evaluated for all four diseases.

The results of the statistical analysis of data revealed that there was a very significant statistical difference (P<0.01) between experimental treatments for the final disease severity and SAUDPC of all four diseases. The results of comparison of means for powdery mildew showed that all treatments had a final disease severity higher than 30% and lower than 45%. Therefore, none of the treatments could reduce the severity of this disease. However, in term of stripe rust, the resistance of Kohdasht and Morvarid cultivars and their mixtures was clearly observed. For tan spot, the lowest final severity of disease was recorded in Morvarid and 1:1 mixture of Kohdasht-Moghan, and the other mixtures of Kohdasht-Moghan could not significantly reduce the severity of this disease. In term of leaf rust, the lowest final severity of the disease was observed in Morvarid and Moghan cultivars with a density of 150 seeds per m2, and the highest final severity in Kohdast cultivar.

In this research, the effect of the mixture of cultivars in the control of wheat leaf diseases was investigated. In the case of powdery mildew, all treatments had a final severity of the disease higher than 30% and lower than 45%, and therefore, there is no proper efficiency in any of the treatments to reduce the severity of this disease. For yellow rust disease, the resistance of Kohdasht (treatment No. 1) and Marwarid (treatment No. 3) cultivars and their seed mixture (treatment No. 10) was clearly observed. In term of tan spot disease, the lowest final severity of the disease was observed in two treatments, Morvarid cultivar (treatment No. 3) and 1:1 mixture of Kohdasht and Mughan cultivars treatment No. 4), and the other proportions of the seed mixture of Kohdasht and Moghan varieties could not properly control the disease. In the case of brown rust disease, the lowest final intensity of the disease was observed in two treatments, Morvarid (treatment No. 3) and Moghan (treatment No. 12) with a density of 150 seeds per m2, and the highest severity of this disease was observed in the treatments belonging to Kohdasht variety.

The method of Imam Al-Baqir (peace be upon him), like other Imams (peace be upon them), has a fundamental role in shaping role models for Shiites in terms of both speech and behavior. It seems that by analyzing his corroborations in a hadith from Al-Kafi’s Kitāb al-ḥujja according to linguistic theories, new insights can be gained. This article is based on John Searle's theory of speech acts. This theory was first proposed by John Langshaw Austin and then developed by John Searle. Speech act theory is one of the theories that has played a key role in development of discourse analysis, which is a reaction against the more traditional form of linguistics, focusing on sentence structure. In this theory, the produced form of a sentence in a certain context is a part of speech, which if it is included in the concept of production, is called a speech act. From Searle's view, there are only five illocutionary points that speakers can achieve on propositions in an utterance, namely: the assertive, commissive, directive, declaratory and expressive illocutionary points. The study shows that in Imam Sadiq's corroborations, expressive illocutionary points is much more used than other acts. In other words, the very text of the above-mentioned hadith has been used the most: first in declaring the truth and then the Imam’s directive role to attract the audience and announcing the conditions of obeying or disobeying Imams. The adaptation of the situational context of the hadith with various acts used in the text shows the Imam’s power in knowing the audience and his deep understanding of the situational context; because the Imam's speech is actually his reaction to deviation of the Islamic society in the matter of divine authority towards the wrong and profit-seeking policies of the Umayyad government. The method used in this descriptive-analytical study is discourse analysis. The analysis unit is a sentence, and library research tool is used.

The performance of Imam Reza (as) like other innocents (as) has a fundamental role in shaping the speech and behavior of Shiites. It seems that by analyzing his reasoning in Marv's Hadith, according to the theories of linguistics, new insights can be gained. This article is based on the speech act theory of John Searle. This theory was first proposed by John Lee Austin and then expanded by John Searle, and speech act theory is one of the theories that played a significant role in the development of discourse analysis. Discourse analysis is a reaction against the more traditional form of linguistics that focuses on sentence structure and the produced form of the sentence in a certain context is a part of speech, which is called a speech act if it is placed in the concept of production. According to John Searle, the speech act is divided into five groups: expressive, persuasive, emotional, obligatory and declarative. The investigation shows that in the reasoning and argument of Imam Reza (as) there is more expressive action than other actions and other actions are used much less. In other words, in Marv's Hadith, first stating the truth and then persuading that imam has been used the most to arouse people's desire to listen to his words in order to reason and think about divine proof. The matching of the situational context of the hadith of Marv with the types of actions used in the text is a sign of the high power of audience awareness and his deep understanding of the situational context, because the imam's speech is actually his reaction to the deviation of the Islamic society in divine appointing an infallible imam, in relation to the wrong and self-interested policies of the government of the time. The method used in this descriptive survey is analysis in the form of content (discourse) analysis. The unit of analysis is the sentence and it is a library research tool.

The increasing development of information technology and its increasing use in daily life, in addition to improving the quality of life through legitimate use, also causes harm to society. Cyberspace, which is one of the achievements of information technology, has provided the basis for various legal-financial developments. Encrypted or digital currencies that are not more than a few years old have become widely used in recent years. Today, with the introduction of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin in different countries and their widespread use by the public, many ambiguities have been raised about their nature, and the acceptance of cryptocurrencies and virtual currency has had pros and cons, each of which to prove They point out their opinion for several reasons. On the other hand, due to the novelty of this phenomenon, the regulatory role of governments in this new area is significant and important, and due to the duty of governments to ensure the economic security of citizens and protect their rights. Individuals, government intervention in this new area, is essential. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and library method has been used in collecting resources.

Islam welcomes anything that dissuades a man from divorce, so the legislator has tried to pay special attention to the compromise between couples and the preservation of Have a family foundation; In the meantime, formal regulations governing the proceedings and the execution of court rulings are important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the limitations of divorce in the Family Protection Law with emphasis on public order.

This descriptive and inferential study has examined the domestic laws related to family protection, especially the law adopted in 1391, with emphasis on public order.

The study showed that although cases such as the presence of a female counselor judge, referral to counsel and referral to arbitration are some of the positive aspects of this law and not only a factor in strengthening the family but also the foundation of public order. In contrast, the lack of need to refer to an arbitrator in a consensual divorce and excessive protection of the wife's financial rights does not necessarily mean the strengthening of the family and is one of the criticizable aspects of the law.

Fungal species Fusarium pseudograminearum, F. culmorum and Bipolaris sorokiniana are the most economically important pathogens causing crown and root rot of cereals. The use of resistant cultivars can be the most efficient measure to reduce the effect of this disease. As an alternative strategy, screening of resistant wheat genotypes has been emphasized in the recent studies. This research was conducted to evaluate level of resistance of 66 genotypes of bread wheat and durum wheat to B. sorokiniana, F. pseudograminearum and F. culmorum isolates in greenhouse condition. These experiments were conducted based on completely randomized design with seven replications in greenhouse condition. The results showed that, 11 genotypes including C-87-11, C-87-18, BACANORA /3/MASON/JGR//PECOS, 05899G01-2, F06580G2-1, F06659G6-1, McCormick/Trego, VA01W-205/TX99D4628, GA951079-3-5/Neuse, Owl,85224*-3H-*o-HOH/7/T.SPH/2*H567.71//4/CMH79.959/6/Gaspard and AWD99*5725/FL9547 were moderately resistant to diseases caused by B. sorokiniana isolates and its combination with F. pseudograminearum and F. culmorum. Among these genotypes, three genotypes C-87-11, GA951079-3-5 / Neuse and 05899G01-2 were resistant to the combination of all diseases caused by these three fungal species. These genotypes have potential to be incorporated into wheat breeding programs. Cluster analysis of reaction of wheat genotypes to all diseases caused by these three fungal species, as well as to different combination of them were able to separate susceptibe and relatively resistant genotypes from each other. In both dendrograms, genotypes that were relatively resistant to disease caused byB. sorokiniana and its combination with other diseases caused by fungal species were grouped into cluster 3.

bacterial leaf streak of cereals, which is one of the most important diseases of wheat, was reported in 1987 from Kerman province and then from other parts of Iran. In order to prevent significant damage to this important and strategic crop, it is necessary to select or produce a resistant or tolerant cultivar to this disease, from the available wheat cultivars and lines. For this purpose, a number of promising wheat cultivars and lines have been selected and their response to this disease has been evaluated.

In order to screen 37 cultivars and seven promising lines of spring and autumn wheat, for their tolerance to Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa, the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak of cereal, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the greenhouse. Initially, wheat seedlings with two fully expanded leaves were sprayed with a suspension of nine bacterial isolates from three provinces of Zanjan, Hamadan and Lorestan fields, with a concentration of 108 bacteria per ml. Then, their tolerance was evaluated based on the average percentage of leaf contamination. Comparison of means, grouping and ranking of cultivars from the sensitive to the tolerant cultivars were done by Student–Newman–Keuls method.

Based on the results, the response of cultivars and promising lines to this disease was different. Mihan and Pishgam cultivars and promising line S-92-19 were placed in group five (with infection of 50.1 to 75% of leaf area), and were evaluated as "susceptible"; Chamran, Saison, Narin, Bam, Khalil, Parsi, Vee-vak, Shabrang, Chamran 2, Zaree, Morvarid, Aflak, Roshan (winter and spring back-crosses), Arak, Cascogen, Orum, Behrang, Pishtaz, Karkheh cultivars and promising lines N-91-17, S-91-13 and S-92-21 were placed in group four (with infection of 25.1 to 50% of leaf area), and were evaluated as "semi-susceptible"; Neishabour, Ofogh, Mehregan, Gaspard, Bahar, Rakhshan, Sirvan, Sivand, Shush, Sistan, Barat, Gonbad and promising lines S-91-15, N-91-8 and S-92-17 were grouped in group three (with infection of 10.1 to 25% of leaf area), and were evaluated as "semi-tolerant"; and Baharan, Heydari and Dena cultivars were placed in group two (with infection of 5.1 to 10% of leaf surface), and were evaluated as "tolerant".

Although most of the wheat cultivars are susceptible to this disease, but cultivars and lines with good relative resistance are also found among them and can be used for planting and/or in wheat breeding programs.

One of the important tools of any government in implementing the law is the police of that country, and the use and use of firearms by them is also prescribed in this regard. In our country, both the organizations of the armed forces, especially the Naja, and the judicial system alternately witness the issue of complaints against police officers for using weapons against citizens, therefore, drafting a suitable law that, while considering this legal authority for the police, will prevent the emergence of Preventing various injuries that may occur due to the use of this tool is one of the most important concerns of legislators in different countries, including Iran. Since the methods, conditions, people and legal responsibilities of police officers in legal systems are different in this regard, comparing and using the experiences of the advanced countries of Roman Germany and other countries can improve the way of using weapons. by the police and the reduction of life and financial damages caused by it was effective and helped our country in formulating a comprehensive law in this field that is free of any problems and defects. Therefore, in this research, in the comparative method and library study, the investigation and comparison of Roman German legal systems, common law, international law in the field of using firearms by the police, and while adapting it to Iranian police laws, the problems And the ambiguities that exist in the regulations of our country have been criticized and it was concluded that both in the training of police forces and in the drafting of the comprehensive law on the use of weapons, a general review with a new attitude is inevitable.

Maintaining human dignity and values, respecting legitimate freedoms and citizen rights, and observing the principles and values of Islam depends on the correct and fair actions of the agents of the judiciary. Judicial punishment as an executive arm of the judiciary plays an important and significant role in discovering Crime, in obtaining a criminal justice system, and as more and more as a criminal prosecutor approached.

This research was conducted using descriptive-analytical method and using library resources.

Considering the vast majority of duties and powers of Police Officers as general Law Enforcement, their position is more important than other policymakers. Not all Law Enforcement personnel are considered as legal judges; rather, those employees who take the necessary actions in the course of carrying out duties performed by the judicial authorities or those who are engaged in dealing with evident crimes are considered to be judges.

No police officer has the necessary qualifications for judicial office, but they are considered to be officials who have been trained. The maintenance of the rights and freedoms of the accused requires the duties and authority of the defendants to be under the constant supervision of the judicial authority charged with the prosecution.

One of the most important actions taken against property related to a crime is the confiscation of this property in the form of confiscation, and ownership is respected only if it arises legally. Therefore, it is necessary to usurp the property of others and to seize or possess illegitimate public property and to reject or return them to the rightful owners. Accordingly, we seek to answer the question of what the confiscation of property resulting from a crime under Article 49 of the Constitution includes, and on what basis can it be analyzed?Research

Due to the nature of the subject, the present study has been done in terms of applied purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and by studying valid laws and sources and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively-analytically.

Confiscation of property of the convicted person by the government in one of the legal methods based on the laws of the country (or especially Article 49 of the Constitution), verses and hadiths and examples of confiscation of property in jurisprudence include: return of public property, taking property from the usurper , Retaliation, rejection, taking and its derivatives

Stem or black rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) is one of the most common and harmful wheat diseases in Iran and worldwide. Under favorable conditions and the formation of the disease pyramid, the pathogen can destroy the wheat crops in a short time. Pgt has high genetic variability in the population structure due to the completion of the sexual cycle, which causes the creation of new races (race diversity) with a completely different pathogenicity pattern. TTKSK (Ug99) is one of the most critical race of Pgt that has appeared in recent decades and has caused much damage to wheat crops worldwide. This race had identified and reported in the country. However, the safest and at the same time most cost-effective way to manage and control this disease is to use genetic resistance. Accurate knowledge of the genetic structure of the pathogen population (existing races) in each region and knowledge of the virulence factors (genes) of stem rust races is the first step and similar to the roadmap to achieve effective and stable genetic resistance. One way to study the trend of changing pathogenicity patterns of races in each region is to observe virulence factors on stem rust differential genotypes in a trap nursery. For this purpose, virulence factors of Pgt races and the effectiveness of resistance genes in international differential genotypes investigated for three consecutive years (2017-2020) in the Ardabil province.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reality therapy on communication skills and dysfunctional attitudes of substance abuse addicts in Sari, Iran. Both field and library research have been used to collect data for the purpose of this study. As for library research, different resources were used including scientific papers, books and internet based materials and for field research subjects were given two questionnaires. The subjects of this study were 34 patients with substance abuse who were randomly selected and divided into a control group and an experimental group. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test post-test and control group. The two questionnaires used in this study were Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (Weissman and Beck,1978) and Queendom’s Communication Skills Test-Revised (2004). When subjects have filled in the questionnaires, the experimental group underwent ten 90 minute sessions of intervention (once a week) about the content of reality therapy. After the intervention the subjects were again given the questionnaires as post-test. SPSS software and Covariance analysis were used for the analysis of data. Results revealed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of pre-test and post-tests of experimental and control group which means reality therapy can significantly improve the communication skills and dysfunctional attitudes in patients with substance abuse.

Crown and root rot are important diseases of different small-grain cereals, especially wheat and barley which are caused by soil-borne fungi Fusarium culmorum and F. pseudograminearum. For controlling such diseases, application of fungicides is inadequate, and cause hazardous effects for environment and living organisms. As an alternative strategy, screening of resistant wheat genotypes has been emphasised in the recent studies. This research was conducted to evaluate level of resistance of 66 cultivars/advanced lines of bread wheat and durum wheat to F. culmorum and F. pseudograminearum isolates in greenhouse and field conditions. These experiments were conducted based on completely randomized design with seven replications in greenhouse and randomized complete block design with 4 replications in field condition. The results showed that, 12 genotypes including C61 (C-87-18) and C62 (C-87-11), C38 (F06659G6-1), C43 (POLOVCHANKA/PEHLIVAN), C52 (McCormick/Trego), C37 (F06580G2-1), C35 (Prostor), C54 (VA01W-205/TX99D4628), C50 (GA951079-3-5/Neuse), C58 (Burbot-6), C53 (AWD99*5725/FL9547) and C34 (Gelibolu) were moderately resistant to F. culmorum and F. pseudograminearum isolates. These genotypes have potential to be incorporated into wheat breeding programs.

Medical treatments are divided to essential and unnecessary treatments. Treatments and cosmetic surgery in the category of unnecessary treatments and reconstructive surgery and other treatments for example heart, liver and kidney transplant surgery placed in the category of essential treatments. Compensation basis in essential treatments in Iranian law, among basics of the negligence, strict liability or no fault liability and guarantee, is fault-based liability but according to article 495 of Islamic penal code approved in 2013, accepted constructive fault in this way physician can prove his lack of fault. It is noteworthy that in this type of treatments, obligation of physician is the obligation to the instrument. In the United States law, compensation basis in essential treatments, among basics of the negligence, strict liability or no fault liability and the welfare principle, the theory of fault is absolutely accepted. That’s mean patient can prove the physicians fault through four elements, a professional duty owed to the patient (standard of care), breach of such duty, resulting damages and injury caused by the breach. Also should be noted that obligation of physician doing these kinds of treatments is the obligation to the instrument. The theory of fault not applicable on compensation in unnecessary treatments in Iranian and American law and the obligation of physician is in both legal systems, obligation to the result and the basis of the physician liability doing these kinds of treatments, is strict liability or no fault liability. Also physician has extensive and difficult duties and obligation.

Investigation of the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on Ineffective attitudes of electrical wire robbers in Juibar city is the purpose of this study.  During the investigation of the law enforcement system and the exploitation statistics, the item of occurrence, detection and defeat of electrical wiring robbers was higher than other cities and psychological treatments in this area could reduce the incidence and change of inefficient vendors' beliefs in that city. The statistical society consisted of all electrical wire robbers in Juibar city using a non-random sampling method of 20 people (10 people in test group and 10 people in evidence group) as a statistic sample. The research method is pseudo-trial with a pretest-posttest model with control group. To collect data, an aggressive questionnaire (AGO) is used in which the subjects completed the aggressive questionnaire in the pretest step. Then, mindfulness-based cognitive therapies are taught to the experimental group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes in each week. In the final step, post test are done in statistical sample. Statistical analysis of data are done using SPSS software and covariance analysis. The results are shown that there was a significant difference between the mean average of pretest and posttest scores in both the experimental and control groups. Thus, the (MBCT) effect on the reduction of robber’s ineffective attitudes noticeably is seen. In reviewing the goals of the research, two main objectives were to: 1. Main: Assess the effect of cognitive therapy on mind-awareness on the inefficient attitudes of the electrical wiring robots in Joybar city and provide guidance and suggestions to relevant organizations and authorities throughout the country; and 2. Sub-goals (determining the effectiveness of cognition Awareness-based therapy of inefficient electrical wiring robbers is emphasized. Also, we will have a thorough and logical review of the questions of the researcher's mind whether knowledge-based cognitive therapy affects the inefficient attitudes of electric wiring robbers. On the assumption, for example, cognitive-based cognitive therapy has been effective in understanding the dysfunctional attitudes of electrical wiring robbers or not.

Membranes are thin layers that act as selective barriers to separate the components of materials and control the mass transfer between different phases. Therefore, their two main functions include: component selectivity and the permeability characteristics. Membranes according to their material sources are classified into four categories referred as polymeric, ceramic, metal and liquid types. Among these, polymeric membranes are the most favorable materials because of their availability in various chemical structures, their optimum physical properties and lower prices. Polymeric membranes are produced by four main methods known as solution casting, stretching, template leaching and track etching. Among them, stretching technique is inexpensive and because no solvent is used in this process, stretching method has lower environmental impacts. Among different polymers, polyolefines such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), due to their lower price, semi-crystallinity, good mechanical properties, chemical stability and easy process ability, are more appropriate for manufacturing of polymeric membranes by stretching method. Porous membranes are used in applications such as battery separators and drug delivery devices for controlling the permeation rate of chemical components. In this paper, we present some useful information on the above subject by reviewing the related published works in this area.

This research is aimed to investigate the possibility of making resistant Light concrete and the effects of different levels of wood and silica particles on physical, mechanical and morphology was performed. Granulation wood particles to 5 levels, 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% and silica particles in a scale of nanometers and micrometers to 4 levels, 0, 3, 6 and 9% based on dry weight of cement were the variables of this research. Mixing process was is done manually and cement paste produced into a square molds were cast. To amass gel of cement was used from the vibrating table. After making concrete physical properties including water absorption, moisture diffusion coefficient and density in accordance with ASTM standard and mechanical properties including compressive strength and compressive strength index accordance with the regulations for concrete Iran (ABA) was performed. Infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the impact of silica particles were made of concrete. Scanning electron microscope to study the morphology of concrete were used. The results showed that by increasing the amount of wood, density, compressive strength and compressive strength index decreased while water absorption and moisture diffusion coefficient increased. Silica increases to 3 percent, increased compressive strength and compressive strength index and addition of more silica have a negative impact on the properties. Water absorption of samples by adding silica to 3 percent decreased and then increased. Density of samples increased with increasing silica. With increasing of silica to 3 percent, moisture diffusion coefficient was decreased but then the moisture diffusion coefficient increased with increasing silica. Infrared spectroscopy showed that addition of silica peak was reduced to a hydroxyl group. The results of scanning electron microscope showed good distribution of silica particles on the surface of 3 percent.

Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is the causal agent of wheat stem rust disease. This fungus is heteroecious with complete life cycle that its intermediate host plant is barberry (Berberis spp.) In some areas that urediniospores cannot survive in winter conditions, basidiospores produced from teliospores in feat barberry which result in the survival of the fungus and its transmission to the next season. In this research, samples of barberry leaves showing symptoms of rust disease were collected from North Khorasan, Mazandaran, Golestan, Semnan, Fars, Lorestan and South Khorasan provinces. Host plant species and infecting fungal species were determined based on their morphological characteristics. In addition, the relationship of these fungal species to stem rust of wheat was investigated by inoculating them on two susceptible wheat cultivars Moroco and Local Red. A total of five hybrids and species of barbery as Berberis vulgaris, B. integerrima × vulgaris, B. integerrima × cartingia, B. orthobotrys and B. integerrima were identified as the host. According to morphological characteristics, three fungal species were identified as: Puccinia magelhaenica, P. brachypodii s.lat. And Aecidium berberidis, where none of these species are known as wheat stem rust disease agent. Inoculation of aecidiospores obtained from Barberry species on the susceptible wheat cultivars showed that only two samples produced stem rust symptoms indicating most barberry shrubs in Iran are the host for rust species that are not pathogenic on wheat and may not have significant impact on epidemic of stem rust in the region.

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SmCCs) of the salivary glands are rare high grade malignant neoplasms, and the identification of these lesions is often difficult. Histopathological features alone are not sufficient for the diagnosis of SmCCs, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining is almost always mandatory for confirming the diagnosis.
We report one salivary SmCC case in a female who presented with swelling on the left side of the face. For a distinct diagnosis, histopathological and IHC evaluation was performed.
The presentation of these cases can be helpful for the histopathological differential diagnosis of similar tumors

Social safety is an issue that has always been the concern of human societies. This study aimed to investigate the social and cultural factors affecting social safety with emphasis on different dimensions of religiosity among Tehran citizens of age 18 years.
The method in this research field using surveying techniques¡ and using questionnaire as a tool for data collection. Research population was citizens over 18 years of Tehran. The sample size in this research 600 peoples Were selected using Cochran formula. Its validity was examined by help of school s teachers¡ The reliability of the scales was assessed using Cronbach''s alpha test.
Finding: The results indicate that Sense of social safety Is influenced by the ideological dimension of religiosity¡ Ritualistic dimension of religiosity¡ The consequential dimension of religiosity¡ The experimental dimension of religiosity¡ national identity¡ the use of local media¡ social trust¡ foreign media and social participation .
The it be concluded from this study that Independent variables(Dimensions of religiosity¡ national identity¡ use of local media¡ social participation and social trust( have a positive impact on the dependent variable (sense of social safety) at the whole and an increase in these variables¡ can improve the sense of social safety it¡ then reduced sense of social safety when increasing the use of foreign media.

Nowadays in worldwide competitive markets, the development of product by shortening the cycle time from design to production process in order to increase the rate of production is a remarkable success for manufacturing organizations. Therefore, fast prototyping and manufacturing methods are developed and grown at a fast rate. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) using polymeric filaments can be classified as one of the fast prototyping methods. Several works have been carried out to evaluate the effect of FDM processing parameters on mechanical properties. The results showed that the parameters such as raster orientation, air gap and build plane were the most important factors on mechanical properties, also the fill pattern and design precision were the ones which had significant impacts on the surface quality. By reviewing the related published papers, our aim in this article has been to provide some information on the above-mentioned manufacturing process to include the important parameters that should be controlled in order to acquire a product with optimum mechanical properties.

Achieving justice in grievances and abuses and resolving hostility, crime detection and prosecution and punishment of offenders, and advocating peoples' rights are major goals of Judiciary Officers. The implementation of these objectives requires trained officers, who implement the judicial orders efficiently and in the shortest period of time, those who only take orders from the judicial authorities, and those who don’t take other side-missions that could impair the implementation of judicial orders. Certainly, the prolongation of proceedings will cause harm to the litigants, and based on the rule of "no detriment" and to the decree of reason and logic the detriment of people should be resolved by understanding the prolongation of proceedings. Another disadvantage of the length of the trial would be creating a state of despair in people that in some cases would cause the private revenge and vengeance by people, and would cause a social insecurity and weaken the government and the police and ultimately to the detriment of social and dignity of the criminal justice. The prolongation would also cause evidence aging, resulting in the complexity of mass discovery and proceedings.

The methodology of this article is a review using library resources and content analysis.

Poor performance of the police in crime detection leads to the courage and increasing crime rates, and indirectly by increasing the data files it will cause prolongation of proceedings. The existence of prolongation of proceedings would cause the people to appeal to take action and personal reprisals, and thus disturbing social order and security in society and also increases the scam in criminals.

To compile an appropriate training system¡ first each one of training elements should be investigated individually and their influence on promotion of the qualitative level of specialized training should be assessed. Then we can introduce best teaching methods. One of these influencing factors is the teaching method which is effective on promction of the qualitative level of specialized training courses.this thesis is applied¡ descriptive and analytical in nature :in which the data required has been qathered throuqh field stuady. the statistical society of this research includes 353persone out of when 129 person has been liked accidentally(as a sample). Who are commanders of border posts¡ naval bases ¡ professors and trainees.
The required data has been gotherd through the researchers questionnaire with 40 questions and likerts 5choices index. After that ¡the validity and reliability of the information were assessed by the experts of the field.
The kronbach reliability index was calculated 0/98. The information was analyzed by pearsons correlation index and SPSS software. The findings of this research show that the teaching methods which are used by the professors at the tim being and their validity has meaningfully been investigated ¡are:giving speech ¡qusetionning and answering ¡ memoring and repetition ¡ problem solving¡ multi senses.
And the cptimal teaching methods required for promoting the qualitative level of specialized maritime training s are:Workshop teaching method¡ experimental ¡ multi senses ¡ scientific experiences ¡ scientific tours ¡ motion picture ¡ observation ¡ problem saving ¡ memorization and repetition and questioning –answering.
THE analyz of difference factors in tow levels of "current situation and optimal situation "
Shows that for improving the qualitative level of maritime training s (after providing the infrastructure like : place ¡ resources¡ time¡ etc).trainers should use the following methods more :workshop¡ experiment ¡ scientific ¡ motion picture ¡ experience and observation according to the related curriculum which must be promotable reqarding qualitative level of training and can be effective for improving .the quality of maritime training.

As we have stated in our previous article, ethylene-octene copolymers are much more branched than high density polyethylene, therefore, they have lower crystallinity and melting point and better processability. In addition, due to the enhancement of the desired physical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites such as higher thermal stability and tensile properties and lower peamability in comparison with that of the pristine polymer, there is a great tendency in using this calss of materials. The improvement in physical and mechanical properties of the nanoconmposites is mainly origined from the large aspect ratios of the organoclay platelets and the interaction between the nano-sized filler and polymers which can also make the transfer of load from the matix to the filler more efficient. Moreover, the variation of viscosity with shear rate and angular frequency can provide invaluable information on the viscoelastic property of polymer melts as well as the processability of nanocomposites. In continuation to our previous paper, our aim in this article is to give some complementary information about the mechanical properties and rheological behaviors of the above-mentioned nanocomposites by reviewing the recently published papers on this area.