فهرست مطالب mohammad reza gholami

In this study, a new magnetic nanoadsorbent (denoted as Fe3O4/EXG/Cellulose) was synthesized using expanded graphite (EXG), microcrystalline cellulose and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The Fe3O4/EXG/Cellulose was used as an effective nanoadsorbent for the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions using batch process. The Fe3O4/EXG/Cellulose was fully characterized by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Based on the BET analysis, an improved surface area from 10.32 to 71.86 m2 g–1 was achieved after the modification of expanded graphite using microcrystalline cellulose. The adsorption capacities for the MG dye and SMX drug were determined to be 109.9 and 3.9 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the adsorption process of SMX and MG by the Fe3O4/EXG/Cellulose was studied with isotherm and kinetic models. The results indicate the adsorption of SMX and MG by nanocomposite better described with pseudo-second-order kinetic. In addition, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models well describe the adsorption of MG and SMX using Fe3O4/EXG/Cellulose, respectively. Furthermore, Fe3O4/EXG/Cellulose can be easily recycled and reused for over 5 times and keeps a high level of adsorption efficiency.

As the repair capacity of the nervous system is low, stem cell therapy is a trend for replacement therapy. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have the potential to differentiate into many tissues, such as neurons. Harmine (7-methoxy-1methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole) is an alkaloidal component of medicinal plants with a long history in traditional medicine. Alginate is a biocompatible hydrogel widely used as a biomaterial base in various scaffolds.

This study investigated whether harmine and encapsulation of cells in alginate hydrogel could improve DPSCs differentiation into neural cells.

DPSCs were cultured under standard stem cell culture conditions, then encapsulated in alginate hydrogel, and treated with differentiation medium with and without harmine. After 14 days, cell proliferation and differentiation were assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometry.

Harmine (5 and 10 M) significantly increased the proliferation and viability of DPSCs compared to the control group in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture systems (P < 0.05). The expression levels of three neural cell markers (nestin, microtubule-associated protein [MAP-2], and -tubulin III) in DPSCs-derived neural cells cultured in two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture systems were significantly increased in harmine-treated two-dimensionalandthree-dimensional culture systems compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

Either harmine or alginate hydrogel had an accelerating effect on DPSCs differentiation into neural cells. Harmine also increased the proliferation of the cells.

Mitochondrial oxidative stress is an important factor in infertility. The mitochondrial thioredoxin system plays an important role in this condition. N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine (melatonin) plays a role in reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). In this study, we explore the probable protective effects of melatonin on the mitochondrial thioredoxin system [thioredoxin 2 (Trx2)/Txnip] in SSCs under oxidative stress.

In this experimental study, SSCs were co-cultured two-dimensionally (2D) with Sertoli cells in DMEM culture medium that contained 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% antibiotics, and 10 ng/ml glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) for 30 days. The cultured cells were subsequently divided into four groups: control; melatonin (250 μM, 24 hours); melatonin (250 μM, 24 hours)+hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 50 μM, 24 hours); and H2O2 (50 μM, 24 hours). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by flow cytometry. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by Fluorometry. The expressions of apoptotic and antioxidant genes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Trx2, and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) proteins were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured by fluorometry.

Melatonin reduced H2O2-induced ROS levels and apoptosis in the SSCs. Melatonin also increased mRNA expression of Nrf2, Trx2, NNT, Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), and decreased mRNA expression of Txnip, and increased protein expressions of Nrf2, Trx2, NNT thereby increasing activity of the mitochondrial thioredoxin system. In addition, melatonin increased ATP levels.

Melatonin increased Trx2 expression through the Nrf2 pathway. This study suggests that melatonin may protect SSCs from oxidative stress in diseases related to infertility.

Discourse is verbal or written communication that has unity, meaning, and purpose. In linguistics, discourse refers to a unit of language that is longer than a sentence. When you analyze discourse, you examine how the language is used to construct connected and meaningful texts. One crucial thing that can’t be neglected when it comes to discourse is the context. In linguistics, there are different ways to classify contexts. Here is one such classification:Linguistic context: The relationship between the words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs. For instance, the participants must know where they are in time and space. It affects the expressions they use and the way they are interpreted.

Situational context: 

The relationship between the participants, the environment, time, and place in which the discourse occurs. Situational context is usually approached through the concept of register, which focuses on the interrelationship of language and context.

Cultural context: 

The culture and customs of epoch in language communities in which the speakers participate. Language is closely connected to the social structure and value system of society. Therefore, it’s influenced by such factors as social role and status, sex, age, etc.

Method Definition:

Feminist poststructuralist discourse analysis is a new and emerging theoretical perspective and methodological approach to discourse analysis studies. This approach is an approach for analyzing intertextual discourses in spoken interaction and other types of text that uses the poststructuralist principles of complexity, plurality, ambiguity, connection, recognition, diversity, textual mischief, function and transformation. The feminist point of view in the post-structuralist analysis of the discourse considers the gender distinction as the dominant discourse among competing discourses during the analysis of text types. Feminist poststructuralist analysis considers gender distinction as one of the most pervasive discourses among many cultures in terms of its organized power in distinguishing between people based on gender and sexual orientation (Baxter, 2003). This definition of FPDA is derived from the ideas of Bakhtin (1981) and poststructuralists such as Derrida (1987) and Foucault (1980). Also, this definition is inspired by the works of Walkerdin (1998) and Weeden (1997).
The principles of the

Self-reflectivity is one of the basic principles of the feminist post-structuralist approach to discourse analysis, which of course shares this principle with CA and CDA, which means that all three approaches are self-reflective regarding their expansion as "knowledge". Users of the FPDA approach should clarify their theoretical positions and specify the epistemological assumptions that are used in any discourse analysis.Second, this approach requires self-reflectivity on the acquisition of technical vocabulary or "fundamental rhetoric". This means being aware that technical terms are not capable of describing objective realities in a non-problematic manner. Researchers constantly need to question the assumptions and knowledge that are placed in the form of "analytical terms".Third, feminist poststructuralist analysis of the discourse requires self-awareness of the textuality of the research process and the phenomenon that every research includes a set of choices and authoring mechanisms. According to the post-structuralist perspective, all activities and searches for knowledge lead to the creation of a world and therefore, research itself is a discursive and fundamental construction.The second basic principle is the constructive approach. The focus of feminist and poststructuralist analysis is the motivation to question things, to deconstruct the constructions and structures around us, although not in the nihilistic or relativistic sense that is sometimes stereotypically associated with deconstructionism, but in order to reveal the possibility of juxtaposition and interaction between established and new ideas.The third basic principle in this approach is to find the focus of feminist activity. Third-wave feminism, or post-structuralist feminism, has tried to reduce and resolve the tensions and contradictions that lie in the liberating agenda of modernist feminism.

Approach to data:

FPDA has developed an approach to data that is significantly different from conventional approaches in discourse analysis. A powerful source of data for FPDA users, apart from transcripts of conversations and written texts, is data from a range of different voices, for example, the voices of the research subjects themselves, other members of the research team, theorists in the same The author's own domain or voice. Polyphony and heteroglossia or competing voices and narratives are structures that can be useful in this context.

Text analysis:

In this approach, various dimensions and cases have been considered for the analysis of the text, which include the Synchronic - Diachronic, Connotation and Denotation, and intertextuality.

Overall, the FPDA framework has made significant contributions to the field of sociolinguistics and communication studies. This framework provides a comprehensive insight through which to examine the complex interactions of subjects in discourse and to clarify how individuals engage in communicative strategies to maintain social harmony and navigate sensitive situations. Baxter's work has deepened our understanding of how subjects negotiate positions of power in a wide range of social contexts.Most importantly, Baxter's research provides valuable insights into the social value of understanding the interaction of feminism and poststructuralism in discourse. In a highly diverse and interconnected world, effective communication is critical to maintaining productive and positive relationships across cultural, social, and professional boundaries. By clarifying the complexities of social relations between genders, Baxter's framework equips people with the necessary knowledge and skills to navigate different social situations with tact and respect. This understanding has the potential to contribute to more harmonious interactions, increase cooperation and reduce conflicts in various social contexts.

The imposed war is intertwined with the history, geography and socio-political structures of Iran. On the other hand, the main slogans of the political system have been formulated based on the teachings and values ​​derived from this event in the last thirty years. The present study uses hybrid theories of identity while describing the identity of young people through the eight-year war of the Holy Defense to explain its relationship with ethnic, national, religious and political identity. Research data were collected by a questionnaire by random cluster sampling (sample size 384 people). The statistical population is youth (age group 18 to 29 years) in Rasht. According to the research findings Identification through the Eight-Year War Holy Defense has a significant and direct relationship with national, religious, ethnic and political identity, and the use of communication media has the opposite effect on the identity of young people through the Eight-Year War. Sacred Defense Religious identification also has the greatest impact on the identification of young people through the Eight-Year War of Sacred Defense

This study examined the effects of melatonin treatment on steroidogenesis dysfunction and testosterone impairment, following CoCl2-induced hypoxia in TM3 Leydig cells.  The TM3 cells were divided into four groups. The first group received no treatment. The MLT group was treated with a concentration of 1 mM melatonin. In the CoCl2 group, 0.2 mM CoCl2 was added to the medium to induce Hif1α overexpression. The MLT+CoCl2 group received 0.2 mM CoCl2 and 1 mM melatonin. After 24 hr treatment, the cells and supernatants were collected and used for further determination. The MTT assay was performed to estimate the decrease in cell viability throughout the CoCl2 and melatonin treatment. The mRNA and the protein levels were evaluated using Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. The ELISA assay kit was used to detect the testosterone content. CoCl2 treatment caused Hif1α overexpression in TM3 Leydig cells. Moreover, CoCl2 treatment of these cells led to considerable downregulation of Star, Hsd3b1, and Gata4 well as Mtnr1a and Mtnr1b mRNA/protein expression coupled with testosterone content repression in the cell culture medium. Melatonin administration in CoCl2 -treated cells decreased Hif1α mRNA/protein expression, but had no significant effect on Star, Hsd3b1, Gata4, Mtnr1a mRNA/protein expression, and the testosterone level in the cell culture medium. Melatonin caused recovery of decrease in the Mtnr1b gene and protein expression.  There was no significant effect on steroidogenesis-related genes, proteins, and testosterone synthesis in the absence of gonadotropin treatment plus melatonin following CoCl2-induced hypoxia in TM3 Leydig cells.

The present research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the tendency of 18-29-year-old youth in Rasht city to political violence and emphasizing the occurrence and emergence of violent behavior and its intensity. In order to formulate the theoretical framework of the research, Ted Robert gar theories and Johnson's value-system theory have been used. The current research method was quantitative and survey technique. In order to collect research data, a questionnaire was used. The statistical population of the research includes all young people aged 18 to 29 living in the urban areas of Rasht, and in order to determine the size of the statistical sample, 384 of the total 146,754 members of the statistical population were selected through Cochran's formula. In the present research, sampling was done by multi-stage cluster method. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and considering the normality of data distribution, parametric tests, path analysis and SPSS software were used. The obtained data showed that feeling of discrimination, use of media, awareness Political and socio-economic base affects the tendency to political violence. In addition, 31./% of the dependent variable changes are explained by the aforementioned variable

The increase of heavy metals disturbs the aquatic ecosystems by affecting the physiological, biochemical parameters and cells of the aquatic organism and causes a decrease in the immune function of fishes. The aim of this study was to determine toxic effects of silver sulfate toxicity on some blood indices of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with different levels of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) prebiotic. 120 Nile tilapia fry were fed for 6 weeks in 4 treatments with 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% of prebiotics Oyster mushrooms. At the end of feeding period, the experimental samples were exposed to silver sulfate for 14 days, and sampling was done at two times (at the end of the feeding period, at the end of the toxicity exposure) and hematological indices were measured. The results showed prebiotic alone had no significant effect on RBC, MCV, hematocrit and hemoglobin (P<0.05). However, the amount of white blood cells, MCH and MCHC significantly increased in the treatments fed with prebiotic 0.2 and exposure. In general, Oyster mushroom powder stimulated the non-specific immunity of tilapia and also reduced the destructive effects caused by silver sulfate on blood indices. In general, the amount of 0.1 and 0.2% oyster mushroom in the exposed treatments was able to improve the normal blood indices of Nile tilapia.

The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between state efficiency and social trust in the citizens of Rasht. The question is, to what extent does the level of state performance affect the level of social trust? The study of this issue has been done in the form of a quantitative research and the research data have been collected by a questionnaire with a sample size of 384 people and by random cluster sampling method. The statistical population is the citizens of the five districts of Rasht. According to the research findings, the social trust of Rasht citizens is at a moderate level. The citizens of Rasht evaluate the efficiency of the state at a medium and low level. There is a significant correlation between state efficiency and social trust and state efficiency has direct and indirect effects on social trust. Distributive justice accounts for about 57% and political performance for about 22% of changes in social trust. Therefore, the main hypothesis of the research is confirmed. The first sub-hypothesis about the significance of the difference in social trust between urban areas was rejected and the second sub-hypothesis about the significant difference in state efficiency in urban areas was confirmed.

The aim of the present survey is to recognize and describe the relations between Talesh, Turk, and Gilak races. In this study, the qualitative method and semi-structured interview have been employed. The results of the study revealed that there are normal and positive communications between the three races in terms of social and economic relations. Although  there are remarkable similarities and cultural adaptation in terms of language and customs, there are differences in cultural relations due to this fact that Turk people consider their culture closer to Talesh's in observing some bonds generally. Regards to cultural differences, Gilak people feel a closer relationship to Talesh people due to long years of neighborhood and coexistence. Talesh people stated that the cultural features/traits of Talesh and Turk are similar too, in terms of some cultural issues such as the way of clothing and some bonds and customs like marriage. Although the three races in the first instance admit definitely that they're all Iranian and Muslim in terms of political relations and this fact that the ethnicity has no effect on their relations, decisions and political behaviors, but they believed that  ethnicity and religion have an impact on political power, position and management. Talesh people and especially the Sunni of the region underestimated their portion of having valuable opportunities and sources. The respondents believed that there are natural differences between races but the government's way of policy-making intensifies the differences and makes them more noticeable.

Due to decrease of population, the main discourse of population governing policy is how to growth population In Iran. The success rate of population policies in each country, including Iran, depends on the degree of its hegemony in the target society. The present study is conducted to investigate the biopolitics among married women ranging age between 18 to 40 years old in Rasht city, by using a qualitative method based on analysis of Foucault power. The results in this communication showed that the dominant discourse of population policy in relation to the women studied in Iran is formed in two ways; respectively subjecting women for the medical and the cultural system, which could affect them by power of biopolitics and become hegemonic for itself. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the exercise of power through the medical system in this discourse does not cause the hegemony of this type of biopolitics among the studied women; Because among those married women who have resisted this type of biopolitics and had less desire for more offspring, which still emphasize an object to the medical system. Due to the declining population rates in Iran, the main dominant population policy discourse is, population growth.

 Allium jesdianum (AJ), as a plant in onion category, has antioxidant features. Moreover, γ-ray potentially generates oxidative stress in living organisms.

 In this study, the probable therapeutic effects of AJ on destruction of pancreas tissue following γ-ray were evaluated.

 Sixty-four mature NMRI mice (8 animals in each group) were assigned to eight groups as follows: (1) Control; (2) γ-ray (dose rate of 1 Gy/min); (3-5) AJ extract (500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg); and (6-8) AJ + γ-ray. AJ extract was prepared, and all administrations were applied orally for 70 consecutive days. Antioxidant parameters (nitrite oxide, peroxidation, and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)), the expression of apoptotic genes (p53 and Bax, by quantitative real-time PCR), and blood concentrations of glucose and insulin were determined biochemically and genetically. Inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by ELISA technique. The number and diameter of Langerhan islets were also studied histologically.

 In this study, γ-ray increased the levels of all parameters significantly (except for FRAP, insulin, and morphometric parameters, which were reduced) in the γ-ray group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In the γ-ray and AJ + γ-ray groups, all factors were reduced significantly (except for FRAP, insulin, and morphometric parameters, which were increased) compared to the γ-ray group (P < 0.05).

 Administration of AJ extract can decrease the damage and radiosensitization in pancreatic cells induced by γ-ray.

In most organizations there is a system is designed and applied for recruiting and preserving consumers which in fact is capable of managing organization-consumers relationships. Nowadays these systems have gained popularity as customer relationship management systems. The present study seeks to determine the effect of consideration of consumers and infrastructural abilities of customer relationship management on the information quality and innovative behavior. In terms of the applied results and goal, the present study is descriptive which has been conducted through survey method. The statistical population of the study was senior insurance experts and managers in branches of insurance companies of Tabriz city, Using Cochran sampling method, 85 individuals were selected as sample size. The questionnaire was used to collect filed data, and the Structural equation modelling to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that infrastructural capabilities have a positive and significance effect on customer orientation, consumer information quality, and innovative behavior and as well as the results showed that customer orientation have a positive and significant effect on the consumer information quality and innovative behavior. Additionally, consumer information quality had a positive and significant effect on the innovative behavior and company performance, and finally there is a positive and significant relationship between innovative behavior and company performance.

in the face of conditions of conflict and compromise? This is analyzed from the perspective of the sociology of peace and using theoretical models of conflict. Therefore, the theoretical framework of the research is taken in the form of two general views of non-violence and non-violence. The research method is a case study using the documentary method for data collection and the model matching method for data analysis which are used in the three periods of the Prophetchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s life, the three caliphs and the rule. The findings of the research show that Ali (AS) was not in a position to decide for peace or war during the life of the Prophet. In the era of the three caliphs, based on a conscientious approach to non-violent methods of protest and non-cooperation, it moves towards political resignation so that even negative peace can be established. During his rule, he uses systematic non-violence to achieve positive peace, and in the face of systematic violence or destructive action, he resorts to strategic violence or deterrent action.

The question of this paper is what kind of religiosity and social justice in Nahj al-Balaghah as the main source of Imam Ali's thoughts?  The methodology of the study is the analysis of deductive or directed content where religiosity and social justice variables are defined based on Yinger and Rasinski theories. Religiosity was defined based on three categories of fighting, acceptor, and escaper which was extracted for each of them a radical reaction, brotherhood and comradeship, and hereafter. Social justice was divided into three categories of socialist, liberalist and composite categories, which were defined as equal rights, personal competencies and justice respectively. Among the sermons, letters and wisdoms of Nahj al-Balaghah, 77 phrases including 37 items related to religiosity and 40 items related to justice were extracted to be coded according to theoretical concepts and categories. Findings show that escaping religiosity with 20 cases has the highest frequency in Nahj al-Balaghah, followed by accepting religiosity with 11 cases and militant religiosity with 6 cases, which shows that Imam Ali's attitude towards religion is far from radical thinking. Combined justice with 17 cases and liberal justice with 14 cases have the highest frequency, respectively, and socialist justice with 9 cases is in the third place. Thus, Ali (AS)'s view of religiosity and social justice is in harmony with each other, moving away from radical religious ideas and unilateral liberal and socialist policies in order to balance the life of this world and the next.

The present study deals with the discourse analysis of the ISIL group's (Islamic State of Iraq and Levant). This research is aimed to identify the master and floating signifiers governing the ISIL group's discourse, and the articulation of the group's discourse. To achieve this goal, the features of the group dominant discourse have been identified. For this study, the combination of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory and Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis as theory and method were used. The English texts relating the ISIL group's magazine, which was published in two English and Arabic languages in 15 issues, were selected as the statistical population of the research. As findings show the Master Signifier of ISIL's dominant discourse is Islamic caliphate. Floating signifiers in ISIL discourse also become meaningful related to master Signifier, and hence the signifiers such as the enemy and jihad, the hijra and the caliph (imam) are considered as floating ones.

Ethnics in Iran, both before and after the formation of the nation state, have always been the focus of intellectuals, elites and ruling political systems. Before the establishment of the nation state in Iran, the ethnics were mostly considered by intellectuals, mainly in order to reconstruct Iranian nationalism, and often in books, newspapers and poems. In the first and second Pahlavi's periods, it was mainly archaic nationalism that gave existence and meaning to the ethnics and considered them as a threat to the extended identity system. But after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, we are faced to a kind of transformation in the discourse regarding ethnic groups. This different discourse, in the early years after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, clearly shows itself in the sphere of Imam Khomeini's discourse. This article, Basing on Imam Khomeini's discourse, examines the principles of ethnic policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The structural approach was used as a theoretical framework for realizing this goal. The speeches of the Imam in the Sahifa of Imam were used as data. The master signifier of the discourse governing ethnic politics in Imam Khomeini's thought has been unity. Issues such as equality, brotherhood, denial of division, conflict and denial of ethnocentrism can also be mentioned as floating signifiers.

Gilan province is one of the provinces that has high statistics in the field of divorce. A look at the marriage-to-divorce ratio index in Gilan indicates that this trend has decreased over the five years from 09 to 09, so that in 4009, one in three marriages led to divorce. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the demand and tendency to divorce in Gilan province and using exchange and network approaches. The method of this research is survey and a questionnaire has been used to collect information. Part of the questionnaire was developed by a researcher and in the other part, which measures marital satisfaction, Walter W. Hudson's standard marital satisfaction questionnaire was used. Among the patients referred to the welfare counseling centers of Gilan province in five cities of Rasht, Lahijan, Fooman, Soomehsara, Anzali and Talesh, 079 people have been selected by a possible simple method. Four hypotheses were put forward in this study, all of which were confirmed. Based on the results of regression analysis, it can be said that %95 of the changes in the dependent variable (tendency to divorce) are explained by four independent variables. It should also be noted that according to beta values, the independent variable of marital satisfaction with beta -92909 is the most important variable affecting the tendency to divorce. Then there is the positive perception variable of divorce consequences with a beta of 9239%. The variables of not meeting expectations with a beta of 92400 and parental involvement with a beta of 92439 show a significant relationship with the variable of tendency to divorce.

The main question of the present study is what effect does social development have on political culture? In answer to this question, Leftovich's theory of historical development, Almond's typology of political culture, and the indicators of social development of the ISS have been used. The research method is quantitative and research data were collected by a questionnaire. The statistical population is the citizens of the five districts of Rasht. The results of the research confirm this main hypothesis of the research which increases the level of participatory political culture by increasing the indicators of social development. The political culture of the majority of the people of Rasht is subordinate and the rate of social development in the people of Rasht is less than average. There is also a significant difference between people in different areas of Rasht in terms of social development, which indicates the confirmation of the research hypotheses.

Fe3O4 magnetic structure was synthesized with co-precipitation method. Surface of magnetic core was modified with hydrophobic BMIM[PF6] ionic liquid. The samples became antibacterial by loading gold, copper and silver nanoparticles and denoted as Fe3O4/IL/X (X=Ag, Au, Cu). X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) technics were applied for catalysts characterization, metal concentration analysis and morphology monitoring. Modified nanostructures were used for inactivation of Escherichia coli as the gram negative and Staphylococcus aureus as the gram positive of bacteria. Transmition electron micrscopy (TEM) images indicated that highest bacteria cell walls destruction is achieved when the surface of the magnetic nanostructure is coated with gold particles. Hydrogen bonds between cell wall and ionic liquid and gradual release of metals from Fe3O4/IL surface facilitate the metals arrive to outer layer of bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) study approved the positive effect of ionic liquid.

 The Qajar period is the beginning of a modern era in the entire history of Iran. In the same period, Iran is introducing new concepts, including citizenship rights. During the Qajar period, Iranian women also met their citizenship rights for the first time and worked for it. Since women and men in one country share the same fate of their country, so ignoring women in some historical sources doubles the need to study their lives. The present research is the ability to conform to the T-score. The paper examines the rights of women in the Qajar era in three dimensions of civil, political and social rights based on Marshall’s formulation. This historical case study is a descriptive and data gathering method, documentary and analysis method of pattern matching. The findings show that only a fraction of the civil, political, and social rights aspects evolved alongside each other and at the same time, and it was not possible to follow Marshall as a historical sequence of Qajar women's citizenship rights.

Selective oxidation of cyclohexene and styrene was investigated using molecular oxygen under mild conditions. Au/TiO2 and Au/Al2O3 surfaces were impregnated with three different ionic liquids. Supported ionic liquids (ILs) gold nanocatalysts are particularly versatile catalysts for oxidation reaction with exceptionally high efficiency and significant selectivity. Improved activity is attributed to the stabilization of reaction intermediates via different interaction such as hydrogen bonding and polarity/dipolarizability between ILs and intermediates. Surface coating of obtained nanoparticles with ionic liquids is found to increase the interaction energy. The estimated rate constant decreases in the following order: [EAP] > [bmim]PF6 > [emim]EtSO4. EAP/Au/Al2O3 exhibited maximum conversion compare to other IL-impregnated catalysts. Supported ionic liquids gold nanocatalysts are active catalysts for oxidation reaction with high efficiency and selectivity.

This study investigates the impact of social and cultural capital on attitudes toward divorce among 50- to 21-year-olds living in Kerman, Iran. The statistical population of the present study consists of individuals aged 21-50 years living in Kerman city with a population of 303303 at the 2016 census. A sample of 400 was selected by random sampling. Kinnair and Gerrard Divorce Attitude Scale (ADS) and researcher-made questionnaires were used to measure social capital and demographic factors. Pearson correlation test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent samples t-test were used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between social and cultural capital with a positive attitude toward divorce, meaning that respondents who had more social and cultural capital had a more positive attitude toward divorce.However, among the social capital dimensions, the social participation variable was confirmed, but the social trust and social membership variables were not validated and rejected, and among the cultural capital dimensions, the objective cultural capital variable was confirmed and the other two variables. That is, the institutionalized and embodied cultural capital was rejected. Also demographic variables, two variables of education level and income level were confirmed and showed that there is a significant and direct relationship with positive attitude to divorce.

The type of people's political attitude and sociological analysis of the factors influencing it are important questions in the field of political sociology. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the political attitude of the people of Rasht city and to use it both economist and culturalist viewpoints to explain the factors affecting political attitude. The main question of this paper is therefore: "Which of the two variables of the class and religion are influenced by the political attitude of the people of Rasht?" The method of this study is survey and the data gathering tool is a questionnaire and its statistical population is population over 18 years old in Rasht, 385 of whom were selected through cluster sampling. The findings show that 76% of the respondents have a reformist attitude and 24% have a principled attitude. There is also a significant and direct relationship between the variables of religiosity and social class of the respondents and their political attitudes.

Ovulation induction using gonadotropins increases the progesterone at the end of follicular phase and subsequently has a negative effect on the outcome of ovulation induction. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of progesterone administration on the number of secondary follicles on ovulation In this study, 15 adult female rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, ovulation induction group and ovulation induction group with progesterone administration. In experimental groups, ovulation stimulation was performed with hMG and hCG, and then false pregnancy was induced in all three groups. In Experimental group 2, after induction of pregnancy, 1 mg progesterone daily was injected. For histological examination, ovarian samples were taken from all three groups at the time of pre-implantation and statistical analysis perforemd. The number of secondary follicles in experimental groups 1 was significantly higher than the experimental group 2 and control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the experimental group 2 compared to the control group. Progesterone administration after ovulation stimulation inhibits folliculogenesis and thus prevents excessive ovarian stimulation syndrome. Progesterone administration balance ovulation stimulation.