mohsen habibi

The mental image of the consumer as well as the variable role of the type of culture such as ethnocentrism play an important and prominent role in consumer behavior because the only way to succeed in such a market is to know the factors influencing their purchase intention. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of consumers' mental image of the company, product, and country of origin on the intention to purchase imported goods, emphasizing the role of consumer ethnocentrism. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research is made up of all the consumers of Sony and Samsung televisions in the centers of major provinces of the country, 384 of them were selected separately by random method and the data required for the hypothesis test was collected. The analysis of the proposed model has been done with the structural equation modeling method and with the help of Smart-PLS 3.0 software. The results showed that the mental image of consumers (product, company, and country of origin) affects the intention to buy imported goods. Of course, the results showed that consumption ethnocentrism, in turn, can moderate these influences. In the sense that companies can influence their purchase intention by strengthening the mental image of consumers. On the other hand, strengthening the character of ethnocentrism in consumers helps to grow the domestic economy and reduces the intention to buy imported goods.

Attributing attributes to Allah is one of the significant topics in theology and philosophy, playing a crucial role in the knowledge of Allah. This topic takes on a more serious form in theology in the specific sense. While there is no doubt about attributing certain attributes to Allah, due to issues such as the conditionality of the Divine Names, the attribution of some attributes to the Divine Presence has been subject to objection and controversy. One such attribute is the attribute of intellect, which this study examines from the perspective of Ibn Sina (Avicenna). By considering his views, we find that he considers this attribution to be correct. However, by discussing the root of the word “ʻAql (intellect),” some aspects of the topic become clearer. The discussions in this study are presented through a library research method. Sheikh al-Ra’is proves the rational permissibility of this attribution through two general and one specific method. According to him, the Necessary Being is Allah and He is the cause of all beings. Since the Necessary Being entails all existential perfections and the cause of the Existing possesses all the perfections of its effect, such an attribution is correct based on the two principles of necessity of being and causality. Additionally, from Ibn Sina’s perspective, abstractness and intellection are concomitant, and since he considers Allah to be abstract, it can be concluded that he views Allah as intelligent. However, it should be noted that proving the attribute of intellect for Allah is based on the unconditionality of the Divine Names and attributes.

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has had significant effects on the performance of important businesses, especially small and medium businesses, which are of particular importance in the process of economic and social growth and development of countries and the special attention of policymakers. Exogenous crises have put the survival of small and medium businesses in doubt, and this causes fundamental disturbances in the economic systems of countries, so it is necessary for the managers of these types of businesses to develop and innovate their business model as a constant source. It is worth taking action to maintain, survive and grow your business in this critical situation. The importance of business model innovation in today's world is increasing, and top executives of global companies predict that its necessity will even exceed the importance of product and service innovation. Because business model innovation is a new criterion based on which pioneering companies try to create and provide more value to their customers, therefore the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of absorption capacity and strategic flexibility on small and medium business model innovation with emphasis. It is about the effects of the pandemic virus, Covid-19.

The present research is applied one in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of method. The statistical population is the small and medium-sized businesses of Mashhad in the number of 1300 companies, which were selected using the Cochran formula, a sample consisting of 297 companies, and the research questionnaire containing demographic questions and basic questions related to the measurement of potential absorption capacity. 6 items), realized absorptive capacity (7 items), strategic flexibility (6 items) and business model innovation (9 items) in the number of 350 questionnaires sent electronically to the senior managers of these companies for completion, and finally, 299 questionnaires were collected. Statistical analysis related to respondents' demographic information in terms of gender, age, education level, and company size were analyzed using SPSS software. The content validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed with the help of five experts and academic faculty members in the field of management, as well as two indicators, CVI and CVR. The validity of the structure was examined and confirmed using convergent validity (AVE index greater than 0.5) and divergent validity (Fornell-Larker matrix). Reliability was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficients and composite reliability (more than 0.7). Finally, the fit of the model with the help of coefficients of determination (R2) and the goodness of fit index (GOF) shows a moderate to a strong fit of the research model. Then, using SmartPLS software and structural equation modeling based on the least-squares approach, the research hypotheses were tested.

The results show that the potential absorptive capacity is directly related to the realized absorptive capacity with a path coefficient of 0.633 and a significance value of 20.019, as well as to business model innovation with a path coefficient of 0.234 and a significance value of 3.042, and on strategic flexibility with a path coefficient of 0.279 and a significance value of 3.863. It has a positive and significant effect. Also, the findings showed that strategic flexibility does not have a positive and significant effect on business model innovation. The findings of the research show that absorptive capacity is considered a dynamic ability as a prerequisite for business model innovation and strategic flexibility, which are two vital elements for gaining competitive advantage, and has a significant and positive effect on each of these.

The potential absorption capacity of small and medium-sized businesses generally increases their capacity to access, internalize, and exploit new knowledge, business model innovation, and flexibility. Therefore, it is suggested that managers of small and medium businesses focus on different aspects of their business model as well as its relationship with the business environment. Also, to control the conditions and the possibility of survival and continuation of the business, they should be aware of the fundamental changes in the market and the need for creative business platforms and management of conditions. Pay more attention to turbulence. Therefore, measures such as reviewing the business model through a bias toward digital transformation and identifying digital capabilities appropriate to turbulent conditions, as well as flexibility and changing the view of resources, and finding solutions to solve the future consequences of the Covid-19 epidemic crisis can be among the necessary suggestions and solutions. Managers of small and medium-sized businesses are considered critical in these critical situations, the reason being that in critical situations, senior business managers focus on making quick decisions in the shortest possible time, which creates small advisory circles and most decisions are based on knowledge. Potentially occurs.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of strategic human resource management on job satisfaction and benevolent law-breaking with the moderating role of servant leadership among the employees of the central organization of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study is all employees of the central organization of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. According to the sample size required for modeling structural equations, 151 samples were selected by simple random sampling. The collection tool in this research is a standard questionnaire that contains 36 questions. Instrument validity was assessed through structural validity, convergent and divergent validity. Also, the reliability of the instrument was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability coefficient, and to test and test the research hypotheses, the structural equation modeling method and Smart-PLS software were used.

The results of data analysis showed that strategic human resource management has a significant effect on job satisfaction and benevolent law-breaking. Servant leadership also has a significant and negative effect on benevolent law-breaking and a significant and positive effect on job satisfaction. The results also showed that servant leadership moderates the impact of strategic human resource management on job satisfaction, but servant leadership does not moderate the impact of strategic human resource management on benevolent law-breaking.

Happiness is one of the most important issues in human life, if its place is not properly understood, it can leave significant destructive effects in human life. It is important to know what Islam as a complete and universal school thinks about this category.

In this article, in addition to examining the concept of happiness and vitality in Islamic verses and traditions and researching the cases and examples of acceptance of happiness from the point of view of Islam, an attempt has been made to show by presenting evidence that enjoying happiness, vitality and rest is a right that It is recognized as a fundamental right for all human beings. Therefore, the article is divided into two parts: in the first part, the general principles of Islam’s opinion on positive and negative happiness are examined, and in the second part, this issue is analyzed from the perspective of jurisprudence and law.

There is a significant relationship between the concepts of happiness and vitality with mental health and lifestyle. Also, there is an inverse relationship between the correct meaning derived from the verses of the Qur’an and the traditions of the innocents (peace be upon them) in this issue with the disorder of hopelessness and depression.

According to the conducted research, it can be concluded that the main goal of religion and religiosity is to achieve a happy life in its true and complete meaning, and without religiosity, one cannot achieve a happy life.

Suhrawardi posits that genuine wisdom remains constant across time and space, referring to it as ‘Khaleda wisdom’ or ‘eternal wisdom’. In accordance with this belief, he draws upon ancient rituals and wisdom, such as the ritual of love. This study re-examines the influence of the ritual of love on Suhrawardi's philosophies, focusing on the role of love within his ontological system. It explores the concept of creation through the lenses of love and violence, illuminating the significance of Khaleda's wisdom. Suhrawardi's inclination towards Khaleda's wisdom led him to incorporate notions such as love, Horakhsh, and Khare Kiani into his philosophy. He argues that the pure truth has been revealed with diverse interpretations among various ethnicities and nations. Suhrawardi perceives himself as the intellectual heir of sages hailing from Iran, Greece, ancient Egypt, and other cultures. With the guidance of Islamic teachings, he endeavors to communicate the historical, unified truth that has been subject to myriad interpretations throughout the ages, contextualizing it within the framework of his era.

Differences in translations and descriptions of the Quran can be attributed to variances in grammar usage and the understanding of Arabic literature. This, in turn, can influence the interpretation of verses. One such verse, “Anakom felazabe moshtarekon” (Zokhrof/39), demonstrates variations in translation and interpretation. Although it is unlikely that all interpretations are correct, an investigation into the meaning of “Anna” and its comparison with translations and interpretations was necessary. Additionally, the connection between the meaning of “Anna” and the proposed syntactic combinations for this verse needed evaluation, to determine the most accurate explanation based on literary rules. Through this evaluation, the most accurate combination was identified, indicating that the phrase should be translated as follows: “because of the injustice you have done in the world, it will not benefit you to share in the punishment on that day.” However, other interpretations that perceive “Anna” as a non-infinitive, denoting explanation, present issues such as lacking literary support, the presence of two explanation symbols in the same phrase, and choosing incorrect meanings for “ez” and the subject of the verb “Lan Yanfakom.” This article adopts a descriptive analytical method, supported by library sources, to critically assess the usage and impact of the explanatory sense of “Anna” in existing interpretations and translations of this verse.

This research aims to answer this question: From the residents’ point of view, what is the beauty and desirability of the form and appearance of urban masses and buildings and their composition? What standards and values are considered for the designers and builders of today’s buildings, which are embodied in the current masses and building forms? Accordingly, this research explores relevant theoretical texts and objective and subjective issues of residents living in District 2 of Tehran. The origin of beauty and aesthetic perception is often defined between the two concepts of objectivism and subjectivism. However, newer philosophical analyzes that adopt an interactive perspective believe that the sense of beauty originates from the patterns that connect people and things. In fact, a reasonable (and usual) solution to the objective-subjective controversy in the evaluation of aesthetic quality acknowledges that aesthetic quality is the joint product of observable characteristics that interact with psychological processes in the human observer. With the flourishing of aesthetic perceptual research and the publication of their results, the differences between the previous evaluations of beauty and these studies became clear. They prompted researchers to look into these differences more.

In the literature review, descriptive and bibliographic methods have been used to progress the research. For the contextual studies, a type of qualitative research method called Grounded Theory Method, which is based on interpretation analysis, has been chosen. Finally, the comparative method (comparison and evaluation between the results of theoretical and contextual studies) has been used to analyze and present the results of the article. The grounded Theory Method applies interpretation in order to discover concepts and relationships between primary data and to organize them in the form of a theoretical explanatory plan. In the present research, the mentioned method has been used to reach the type of view and mental frameworks of the citizens of District 2 of Tehran in relation to urban building and mass aesthetics. 

Based on the findings of the research, in the context of irresponsible urban management, ambiguity in the demands of the residents between the new and the past, and the change of conditions and demands over time has created some issues. These issues are classified as conditional categories: “Speculative urban management”, “Wandering between urban fabric protection or change”, and “Instability of residents’ demands and conditions”. In addition, the residents of District 2 of Tehran, in relation to the visual aesthetics of their living environment, believe in “visual irregularities and deterioration” (related to shape combinations) and “lack of open space and increased density” (related to the combination of masses and spaces) which are classified as interactive categories. The interviews affirm that the interactions and processes experienced by the residents have led to consequential categories such as “forgetting the presence of the living environment” and “disconnecting with the living environment”. Accordingly, sub-categories such as distortion of memories and nostalgia can distort the future image and peace of mind, invigorate a sense of indifference towards the living environment, and lead to the thought of migration. They were the guides for the formation of the two main consequences mentioned in this research. Also, an important point emerging from the comparative evaluation between theoretical and contextual studies is the concepts that have been focused on in these two categories of studies are quite common. The concepts mentioned in both categories almost cover each other. But what happened in District 2 of Tehran is actually the opposite of what was desirable. In other words, while the principles and criteria derived from theoretical studies were considered to achieve a pleasant and beautiful physical-visual combination, the results obtained from contextual studies reveal an absence and lack of attention to aesthetic criteria in the formation of mass and building volumes in District 2 of Tehran. 

According to the conducted investigations and the obtained results, it is possible to determine a physical-visual aesthetic theory with two aspects: content and procedural. The content aspect of this theory is related to the principles and criteria that shape building volumes and masses, which are the same physical-visual components or forces and are compatible with interactive categories obtained from contextual studies. Its procedural aspect is discussed in relation to the conditions and context of the formation of building volumes and masses, which are non-physical components and forces and are consistent with the conditional categories obtained from contextual studies. The absence and lack of attention to physical aesthetic criteria in the formation of building masses and volumes in District 2 of Tehran can be caused by the fact that the designers or constructors not only look at the building differently from the aesthetics experts, but also they have taken an almost opposite path to the theoretical criteria. Based on this, residents and users of the environment have an ugly and undesirable visual perception. The difference in the views of these two groups can be a confirmation of the existence and influence of external forces affecting the formation of building masses. In this context, the land price and its related components are the main factors affecting the appearance of buildings. In addition, the type of choice, approach, and taste of designers, contractors, or builders can be another non-physical component affecting the formation of aesthetic judgments resulting from the analysis and comparison of physical-visual components. The mentioned components, in the lack or shortage of appropriate legal controls and lack of specialized education related to contextual architecture and urban planning, can play a very effective role in the urban visual composition and cause a large gap between the desired and existing situation regarding physical-visual aesthetics in the building masses.

Based on the messages of the Ashura movement, the Arbaeen procession has formed elements of Islamic awakening such as unity and solidarity among the marchers, and the continuation of this ceremony has strengthened Islamic awakening and countered its harms. This research is using a quantitative method and conducting a survey and collecting information through a questionnaire. Its statistical population includes Arbaeen pilgrims in 2018 and the sample size is 424 pilgrims from Iran and other countries who were randomly selected. The theoretical part of the article has been prepared based on the revolutionary leader's point of view about the Islamic awakening and the Arbaeen procession, and the main hypothesis is the relationship between the dimensions of the walk and the formation of Islamic awakening factors. While confirming this hypothesis, the findings also explain factors to strengthen Islamic awareness in dealing with the conspiracies of enemies; which include: the globalization of Islam, the convergence and unity of Muslims (Shia and Sunni), solving differences with the slogan "Hub Al-Hussein Yajamana", showing the high power of the Muslim mobilization, the preference of being a Muslim over nationality, insight and hostility, the enemy's fear of Shia unity, No difference in nationality, language and race.

Since the literal (basic) meaning of the article "Ha Fa Za" (ح ف ظ) stands in opposition to the meaning of "N S I" (ن س ی), It is used in a position that due to commitment and a little neglect and complete loyalty of the mind in the process of storing concepts, an entity is not abandoned and as a result remains healthy and does not perish. Also, the difference between this root and other roots that are similar to the substance "Ha fa za" in terms of meaning is that this substance does not express the cause of non-destruction, that is, a special state in the process itself. It does not contain and the place of protection must be collectable and maintainable, finite and limitable. Also, in this material, time and its continuity are not considered. Therefore, considering the gradualness in the meaning of the verb "descending" in the ninth verse of Surah Hajar and the fact that "Al-Dhikr" has a gradual descent, because the word "Al-Hafizun", on the one hand, implies a place of finite and collected research and On the other hand, time and continuity are not considered in it, and there is no attention to time in it, it implies the meaning of proof and stability of protection. In other words, by only using the literal meaning of Hafez for protection, it does not move with the gradual movement of Mahfouz (Al-Dhikr) over time. It means that God protects the entire Holy Quran at all times.

The metropolis plays an important role in the contemporary society. It features prominently in the public imagination as the very site of modernity and capitalist economy that has been encoded to convey the preferred meanings. Thus, it can be understood as an amalgam of objects of cultural production. To understand the metropolis is–to some extent–to understand our present age. As a patchwork quilt of traces of human existence, the metropolis could not present itself beyond the limitations of any strictly positivistic outlook, and it requires semiotic and phenomenological models like reading and experiencing. Thus, it might be read as a text, with its forms deciphered and its meanings understood. This means that the metropolis itself does not exist, and can only be understood through its various manifestations.In the reading of a city, or indeed any cultural artifice, it is important to know that meaning is never univocal. A city–any city–is always open to a variety of interpretations, and meaning must always remain plural and contested. Because there is no single way of understanding the metropolis, everything depends on how one views the metropolis and who views it. The reader, the “lover” of cities, must therefore be open to a range of “readings”, which go well beyond straightforward, rational analyses to open up the “poetry” of the city.

Theoretical Framework

Mindscape and spatial images play an important role in the experiencing and understanding of the city, as they result from a combination of different factors such as literature, art, media, myth, and narrative. As a German cultural theorist, Siegfried Kracauer, puts it, where the hieroglyphics of any spatial image are deciphered, the basis for social reality presents itself. Any Marxist-inspired cultural theorist would argue that what we see on the surface is the product of deeper underlying forces, in order to understand which we need to interpret the surface level. The unconscious nature of surface-level expressions reveals the hidden logic behind these phenomena.Cinema is one of the most important factors involved in the reconstruction of spatial images and urban mindscape. Emphasis on the relationship between cinema and the city denotes emphasis on culture and how the city is represented thereby. Apart from anthropological fieldwork, nothing compares with watching movies made for a community’s domestic market when the community is to be known. Most broadly viewed, cinema represents both the real and the imaginary. Architecture and urban architecture make up the body of the city for the presence of both lives, and cinema is a novel platform for re-reading the relationship between the body and the soul of the modern city.

Quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods were used in this research to explain the hieroglyphs of the modern metropolis of Tehran in the representation of the mysterious language of the city. For a concrete study of the city through official narratives, its representation in the selected movies of 2016 was studied, and seventeen movies were selected after the sample size was specified using the purposive qualitative sampling method.

According to the findings, we can conclude that the language of the modern metropolis of Tehran is discontinuous and disintegrated under the effect of the modernity paradigm and capitalism. We can claim that it is not possible to experience the metropolis of Tehran through movies although it makes up the location in most Iranian movies. Movies made in Tehran have failed to introduce the physical space of the city in the sense intended by Balzac and even Zola. This makes it more important to analyze this absence. Tehran has created its own specific metropolitan type. Thus, a cold, unfriendly stereotype defines the characteristic of people living in a Tehran. Modernity has been manifested there in a negative sense, and the city has turned into a refuge for the darkest aspects of modernity.

Finally, it is important to know that the city must be read by those who seek to create, shape, and transform it. Their reading of the city crucially conditions their writing of the city text and its buildings, streets, street furniture, etc.Thus, the task of any theorist intending to analyze the metropolis is to act like a detective, interrogating the traces and revealing the secrets. The metropolis therefore lends itself to research as a textual object. It constitutes a series of spatial image hieroglyphics–which may be deciphered in order to provide access to deeper underlying questions about society.

Acknowledgment

This research has been extracted from the Ph.D. thesis of Nazila Rahidpour, entitled “Explanation the hieroglyphics of Tehran modern metropolis with emphasize on reading, experiencing and memory”, defended in the Department of Urban Planning at the Islamic Azad University of Qazvin, under the supervision of Dr. Seyyed Mohsen Habibi and advisory of Dr. Manouchehr Tabibian.

Wastewater treatment of steel industries as one of the most important and water-consuming industries is of high important, especially in terms of wastewater reuse. One of the most important and newest methods for industrial wastewater treatment is the coagulation and flocculation method, in which the efficiency of the process can be greatly improved by controlling various factors such as temperature, pH, retention time and coagulation concentration. In this study, the efficiency of polyaluminum chloride in removing the turbidity of simulated hot-rolled effluent of a steel plant was evaluated in the presence of independent variables of pH, stirring time, temperature, oil concentration and suspended solids. The experiments were performed by Design expert 8 software. To do so, the central composite design method was applied as the most common type of design in the response procedure method. The results showed that increasing the polyaluminum chloride coagulant to about 5 mg / l increases the turbidity removal efficiency, thus reducing the turbidity to less than NTU 20, which is a standard for water turbidity used in the rolling process. Increasing the temperature from 27 to 55 degrees has slightly enhanced the turbidity removal efficiency. According to the test design results, the best turbidity removal efficiency from the studied effluent (51 to 62%) was achieved at polyaluminum chloride of 1 mg / l, the amount of suspended solids of 1500 mg / l and the stirring time of 30 seconds. In this case, the range of turbidity removal efficiency was. The results showed that pH, temperature and oil content had the lowest effectiveness. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that the optimal addition of polyaluminum chloride to the effluent improves the effluent turbidity removal.

Most of the city's viewing corridors induce a sense of confusion to the citizen of Tehran. In these sights and views, there is no harmony. It seems that the main contribution of these disturbances in the face of the city is related to the design and composition of the building masses. This nasty and inelegance image sits in the minds of the citizen that gets addicted to it or gets annoyed because of it. The more hardness is for trained eye that evaluates and adapts the features of these buildings base on the theoretical frameworks, principles, and rules of aesthetics. Research Question: Therefore, the main issue is the reason for this unreliability and getting used to this ugliness, and that how do today's designers and applicants consider the beauty and desirability of city buildings form and their composition? Do the citizens see the city's buildings beautiful? the present study seeks to answer those questions.

 To progress the research, a qualitative research method called the Grounded Theory has been selected. The data is appeared based on interviews with 50 residents of district 2 of Tehran. The interview began with an open question: "How is your neighborhood, place of living, street or alley? Explain it". This preliminary question specifies that whether the interviewees had an experience of visual perception of constructional masses and forms during life in their neighborhood. Further, during the interview and according to the items in each interview, other questions are proposed in the formwork of research issues. Then, the texts of all the interviews have been written, and using techniques of research methodology, analyzed, and their theoretical concepts, extracted and categorized based on their content similarities and differences. In the following, each category of the matched concepts obtained a role in relation to other categories (conditions/context, action/ interactional strategies and consequences) and created a paradigmatic model. And after integratind the categories, deleting additional concepts, completing incomplete concepts, the core category of a phenomenon was identified.

The main categories obtained from the interpretation of the text of the interviews are:Conditional/contextual categories- Merchant urban management- Difference in the type of opinion to the urban development- Emergence of changes in the inhabitants desires and conditions Interactional categories- Visual inconsistency of building masses- Unbalanced combination of building masses with adjacent spaces- Disproportionate size of buildings relative to each other and adjacent spaces- Interest in low-density and low-rise building patterns- Interest in more opened and spacious space proportions- A wish for a less populated place/ a mismatch between space capacity and the dwelling populationConsequential categories- Forgetting about the current time of the living environment- Disconnecting with the living environmentBy reviewing the conceptual content of categories obtained, it seems that the perception and experience of inhabitants of Tehran's 2nd district about the aesthetic aspect of their living environment are visually annoying and unfavorable.What caused of the formation of this experience is the idea of the existence of "merchant urban management", "the difference in the type of opinion to the urban development", "the emergence of changes in the inhabitants’ desires and conditions "; in other words, these cases are the underlying and casual conditions for the formation of this experience. Subsequently, inhabitants in their understanding of the present situation regulate processes in their minds that explain the overall sense of "To perceive inelegance and undesirability from the city". The two main categories of "visual irregularities and distortions" and "shortage of open spaces and a lot densities" play the role of interactional categories in this experience; the categories inhabitants apply to perceive their experience of the living place. Finally, the consequence of the formation of these interactions and processes, or the same general phenomenon (To perceive inelegance and undesirability from the city), emerge in the poor communication of the interviewees with their living environment. The sense of "forgetting of the present time among the regret of the past and the future concern" and "the disconnecting to the living environment" because of the thought for immigration and indifference to the environment, are the consequences of this experience.

Despite the differences between theology and mysticism, there is a relationship between them. This relationship can be examined in individuals like Rumi who has excelled in both fields of science. Before meeting
with Shams, he was a theologian and jurist, and since then he became a prominent mystic. Although in his works, mysticism has prevailed in explaining his views and also mysticism and love have a high status, in addition to mystical issues, theological matters are seen in his works. This is one of the reasons why readers find contradictions in Rumi's works, while carefully looking at his writings, we recognize that he looked at some things from different perspectives. Therein, theological beliefs have influenced some aspects of his mysticism and on the other hand, mysticism has also influenced his beliefs. Of course, in general, we find the effect of mysticism much more vivid. In this research, using the library method, we try to study the relationship between theology and mysticism in Rumi's view.

Fārābī’s specific view of music reveals the teleological importance of music for him. In his philosophy, music is connected with logical thought and political philosophy, and this connection plays an effective role in his musical system. The relationship between music, logic, and politics is established through the end of music. That is, the genre of poetry, as a part of logic, determines the end of music and also develops a relationship with civil philosophy (politics) in the course of this relation in the view of Fārābī. The reflection of such relationships can be seen in the definition of music, specifying its principles and source of its formation, types of music, and the classification and ranking of musical instruments. Given the final cause of music and its principles, which mathematics is not capable of explaining, Fārābī distances himself from mathematics when analyzing music. He equates the final cause of music with that of poetry, which is the same provoking of imagination to attain happiness for all. In this way, he emphasizes the imitative aspect of music and defines it as something more than a tool for entertainment. The teleological view yields some consequences for Fārābī’s general approach to music, which are the focal points of this paper.

By the direction of the importance of the constitution issued by the mediation of Karkanan Prai Sazman There are links between its variables and deep accompaniment with 12 people, and they are very useful. A present investigation of the type of his affair, the tbeini and karberdi - its expansion - any ast. His views were provided in the context of the investigation of the rosh system, the system, and the naming of the windows, and the breeze of benefiting from it. As a result of realizing his views, mdl poyayi being mizan ron dsawrat mediation karkanan ast ke bh mdran and fermandan kem ind ta az Şansayi Şatırş Şurd Niaz Karkānān i Şanlık Bahra-Bardari Namayand. A comparison of the various scenarios, the realization of the nature of the dhanada, an esthesia, an effective factor, the constitution of the mediation of Karkanan, the acceptability of the constitution, the admissibility of the constitution, and the completeness of its combination: the rise of the surface of the feet of the directorate of human sources, the sufficiency of the constitution of the keranda, the constitutionality of the factors, and the reasons for it. After Darnd's decision.

The Russian Federation has been increasingly affected by growing regional and international developments since Putin's second term. Putin sought to regain power by adopting the policy of pragmatism and the strategy of the normative great modern power; However, the path to regaining power since 2014 has been accompanied by regional obstacles, which have manifested themselves in two general categories: the crisis in Ukraine and the Crimean peninsula, and the leverage of Russian gas exports to Europe. In this study, we sought to understand the regional obstacles to regaining power in the Russian Federation during Putin's second term from 2014 to 2019, from the perspective of defensive realism theory. The research method was descriptive and library studies. The study found that Russia was facing obstacles in regaining its power, such as the Ukraine crisis, NATO's expansion to the east, the deployment of a missile defense shield, leverage to export gas to Europe, and the issue of EU energy security.

In the main Islamic texts, the root "S, L, M" has been used in various meanings, so much so that the name of the religion of Islam is from this root and in the Qurchr('39')an, "Salam" is one of the names of God. Persian speakers, following the Qurchr('39')an and hadiths, have enumerated various dimensions for health, and Suhrawardi has expressed a special theory by using the texts of his predecessors. The purpose of this article is to analyze the issue of health in Suhrawardichr('39')s Illuminated Wisdom and to examine the application of his view according to his philosophical basis in the optical system of illuminated wisdom on the issue of body and soul health.

In this article, the word health in Islamic books and the works of Muslim sages, including the works of Suhrawardi, have been studied descriptively and analytically, as well as the analysis of Suhrawardichr('39')s Illuminated Wisdom, which considers the basic principle as light and considers man to be composed of soul and body. The relationship between the two in creating health, which considers the cause of the disease on the body as a decrease or loss of luminosity of the soul of the heater, has been analyzed to their philosophical foundations and attitudes on this issue

In this analysis, a collection of Suhrawardichr('39')s works and some sources of Islamic scholars those who have talked about health, as well as the Qurchr('39')an and narrative sources that have spoken about health, Suhrawardichr('39')s attitude can be largely compared to other Islamic texts. He adapted and compared his views on the subject with religious sources.

According to the philosophical basis of Sheikh Ishraq, man knows the composition of the soul and the body, and the relationship between the two in creating health, it is obtained that the human soul is a being other than the body and even other than the animal soul and imparted from the universe, and these areas They are related to each other. Also, the soul that is affected by the spirit of the heater on the body, when the light of the spirit of the heater is reduced or lost, the disease is affected on the body. For example, he documents the cause of diseases such as epilepsy and melancholy as a lack of light in the breath. It is also found that Suhrawardi, in addition to the health of the body, also pays attention to the health of the soul, and in this regard, he has provided instructions such as having fun to acquire divine knowledge, adhering to the rules of Sharia and observing ethics.

Allameh Tabataba'i considers the truth of society and the movement of legal history and states that nations and societies because they are nations and society, not individuals and members of society, traditions and laws, promotions and degenerations, have a common destiny and a collective action letter. And this fact means the legitimacy of the movement of history and society. On the other hand, in the Qur'an, human beings are invited to reason and think, especially about historical events and processes, in order to discover the causes of progress and degeneration of nations in order to teach themselves and others. This change is one of the most important and inviolable traditions of the creative apparatus. According to Allameh, faith and righteous deeds or infidelity and corruption of human beings have an effect on how the future events of human beings are formed and even in the world system. And various factors such as ignoring the relationship with God, fighting the prophets and preachers of truth, oppression, and injustice, etc. are involved in the fall and rise of civilizations. Of course, human hardships and misfortunes will end Because the unchangeable tradition of God is that in the last movement of history, only the worthy and pious servants of God will be the heirs of the earth.

Al-Ghazali considered the existence of the Imam necessary to Shari'a reasoning and the consensus of the Ummah and considered it useful for the consistency of religion and the world but did not consider infallibility for the Imam. He believes that we need the Imam only in the affairs of the state and equipping the army and ... that he does not need divine knowledge to perform such tasks. He, like other Sunni followers, considers Imam to be the people's choice and introduces any claim by the Shi'a as irrelevant to the issue of Imamate and non-sequential. In his view, if the news were sequential, we would never have doubted it, while we suspected it. Thus hadiths such as the hadith of Ghadir and  Manzelat merely express respect and friendship between the Prophet (PBUH) and Ali (PBUH), and there is no reason to believe in the Imamate of Ali (PBUH).On the other hand, Khawaja Nasir has taken a stand against this view and considers the existence of the Imam to be obligatory, not on religious reasons, but based on rationality and "rule of grace" he considers it obligatory on God. He also suggests that infallibility is essential for the Imam by presenting numerous rational proofs, also, if he performs evil acts, he should be prevented from doing so, and in this case, the purpose of existence of Imam will be violated and the Imam's position will be lower than other people's; therefore, the imam must be installed by God and his messenger, and this is the Nas. However, It is also unlikely that the Prophet would be silent about such danger according to the manner of the messenger of God.

Today, a considerable amount of Zagros forests is faced with the phenomenon of oak decline. Environmental stresses have caused the weakness of the trees, imbalance in food and water absorption, and eventually the deterioration of trees. Site factors play an important role in the resistance of trees to biotic and abiotic stresses. This research was conducted to evaluate the reaction of health and non-health Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) trees to nutrients absorption in different aspects and elevations in the Helen forest of Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province. Three transects were considered in two main aspects (North and South) of the study area. On each transect, three plots (with an area of 1000 m2) were designed in three elevation levels (800-1500, 1800-2000, and above 2000m a.s.l) randomly. Leaves of five health and non-health trees were gathered to measure the nutrient elements. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design and the mean values of variables were compared using Duncan test. The results showed that the effect of geographical aspects was significant on N and Ca uptake. Also, the difference in the absorption of essential nutrients in leaves of health and non-health oak trees were significant. The absorption of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the leaves of the trees in the northern aspects was higher than the southern aspects. Health trees also absorbed more of these elements compared to non-health trees.

The effective role of environmental resources in continuing the process of sustainable development and preservation of human life has led to economists focusing on the non-market roles of these resources. Awareness of the amount of benefits which are exited from the society by destroying environmental resources motivates the protection and support of these valuable natural treasures in the society. Awareness of the benefits of environmental resources requires the valuation of these resources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic functions of carbon sequestration, oxygen and forage production in Gandomanwetland with an area of 980 hectares with a sustainable management approach. For this purpose, a 200-meter transect was established in the representative areas of three plant types of Juncus inflexsus-Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus longus-Cladium mariscus, and Phragmites australis, and a total of 30 plots of one square meter were randomly placed along the transects. Then, in each plot, in addition to soil sampling, the percentage of canopy cover of all plant species, litter, rocks, and pebbles was estimated. Also, the aerial biomass of the plants was cut at a distance of one centimeter above the soil surface and then collected and dried in 50% of the plots. Plant carbon storage was measured using the electric furnace method and soil organic carbon was measured using the Walkley-Black method. The amount of oxygen production was also calculated based on the amount of plant dry matter. Based on the results of this research, the amount of carbon stored in the plant biomass and soil and the amount of oxygen production were determined separately by plant types. The results indicated that the annual average forage production was 14.8 tons per hectare. Also, the amount of carbon stock and oxygen produced in the whole Gandman wetland was equal to 8.9 and 22.4 tons per hectare per year, respectively. The carbon stored in the wetland soil was estimated at 554.7 tons per hectare. Therefore, the economic value of Gandman wetland per hectare per year for forage production, carbon sequestration, and oxygen production was 72728345, 9 9457140, and 11189600 Rials, respectively. The economic value of carbon stored in the soil of Gandman wetland was 589,424,220 Rials per hectare.

By utilizing their technological innovation capabilities, companies can increase the desirability of performance and the ability to commercialize. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of innovation in technology and market management on the performance of international trade in small and medium enterprises in Tehran province. The purpose of the study is to investigate the applied type of study. The data required for analysis using the standard questionnaire (derived from Silva et al. (2017)) have been collected. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire before distribution were confirmed by content validity method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. The statistical population of the study consists of all managers of export companies and quality control managers of small and medium enterprises in Tehran. The statistical sample of the study was selected purposefully by 10 small exporting companies and 10 average exporting companies in Tehran. On average, there are 6 managers in each small company and 12 managers in each company, so a sample of 180 managers was considered. In order to analyze the results, firstly based on confirmatory factor analysis, the status of the variables of the research has been studied. Then, using the structural equation model, the hypotheses of the research were tested by Smart-PLS software. The results showed that all the research hypotheses were confirmed. To create value, exporters need to develop common solutions with importers. In general, it can be said that the creation of value in terms of innovation technology in the market requires importers to achieve it.

One of the important issues of the field of religious studies in contemporary times is the ability to understanding the language of religion. those who belive that this language is understandable, they are against each other that this is the common sense(all being intelligible) or the mysterious and symbolic.Mulla Sadra has paid attention to the exegesis of the Qur'an, therefore he has paid attention to some kind of language of religion. He considers ontology the only existence as genuine, in the sense that he sees only the existence of reality.In addition, he believes in Gradation of being, that is, existence is a unic fact and with intensity and weakness.He emphasizes the dignity of knowledge in the language of religion.Because he considers the Qur'an to be far-reaching, he supposes the external language of the Qur'an as a symbol of their inner meanings, and because of the mysterious nature of the Quranic verses and the words of the elders of religion, they give them appearance ,inwardness, exegesis and interpretation.And believes that anything in addition to appearance has an esoteric, so that the appearance and the inner one are twice as many as an object.In his view, there are no fundamental contradictions between the inner meanings of the apparent meaning and therefore the interpretation which appears to contradict it, interprets the vote (without foundation).He also believes that the purpose of the "Truth"is a unit that can be obtained through three ways of revelation (Quran)and rational analyzes (proofs) and refinement of the soul (mysticism).

There is diversity of opinions about suhufan motahara (صحفا مطهره) impeccable scriptures in the second verse of surah Bayena. in this research done by analytic-dscriptive method after investigating different opinions of commentattors about divine intention, we are facing with nine interpretations that can classified in three main approaches. The first, some interpretations of verse without exact interpretation. Second, the interpreters those who have an esoteric approach, interpreting the suhuf as whol of Quran, sections of it or past imported heavenly books. Third group has interrior interpretive approch, interpreting suhuf as Guarded tablet, heat of prophet, heavenly souls or family of prophet. it seems that some of this nine opinios can be unified with others. First example literal interpretations can be observed as a preface to the other interpretations. and different interior interpretations can be merged with each other. Totally, we can relize that interpretations are in harmony with contexts of verses avd traditions are in the this manner.