nadia soltani

Academic failure, as one of the key challenges universities face, has numerous causes. To mitigate it, the impact of these factors must be acknowledged.

This study aims to propose a predictive model for students’ academic achievement, focusing on variables such as addiction to virtual etworks, procrastination in work, feelings of loneliness, and academic stress.

This research is applied and correlational. The statistical population comprised all students from a chosen military university in Tehran in 2023. By employing convenience sampling and G*power software, 386 individuals participated in the study. Data collection involved utilizing questionnaires on internet addiction, loneliness, work procrastination, and student stress, while academic performance was determined using students’ averages. The study variables’ relationships were explored through a suggested conceptual model. Amos24 software was utilized for examining the causal links among research variables using structural equation modeling (SEM).

After modifying the initial measurement model, Composite Reliability index (CR) were obtained greater than the cut-off point of 0.7, and the overall reliability of the model was confirmed. The average variance extracted (AVE) being greater than the cut point of 0.5 and CR being greater than AVE confirmed the convergent validity of the constructs. Divergent validity was also confirmed by the AVE value being higher than the values of the maximum shared squared variance (MSV) and average shared squared variance (ASV). The normed chi-square (CMIN/D˂3), comparative fit index (CFI>0.9), root mean square residual (SRMR˂0.08) and root mean square error of approximate (RMSEA˂0.08) confirmed the fit of the modified model.

Virtual network addiction and procrastination, as independent variables, along with loneliness as a mediating variable, significantly influence academic performance. The findings suggest that the model fits well, with the variables successfully predicting students’ academic performance at an above-average level Keywords: Academic performance, Addiction

Procrastination significantly impacts students' academic performance, and addressing it is crucial to prevent lasting harm. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of attributional retraining and emotional regulation interventions in reducing procrastination symptoms among students at Aja University of Medical Sciences.

This semi-experimental study included pre-test and post-test phases. Thirty students from the first semester of the 2022 academic year, selected through available sampling, and exhibiting sound mental health based on the SCL-90 questionnaire, with the highest scores in the Solomon and Rothblum academic procrastination questionnaire, were chosen as participants. They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. The two groups received seven sessions of attributional retraining or eight sessions of emotional regulation training. The procrastination scale was administered in both pre-test and post-test phases, with data analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance.

After accounting for pre-test effects, both intervention methods were effective in reducing procrastination symptoms. Post-hoc analysis indicated that attributional retraining was more effective than emotional regulation in alleviating procrastination symptoms.

The findings of this study can inform the development of preventive educational programs and enhance students' academic performance.

Happiness is one of the basic concepts and components of students' lives. The study of happiness has three aspects: measuring the level of happiness, examining the factors affecting happiness and methods of increasing happiness. The purpose of this research is to measure the happiness among the students of the Army University of Medical Sciences.

Methods and Materials:

 This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted at Aja University of Medical Sciences. The research population was all freshmen of medical and paramedical faculties in the second semester of 2022. 166 students were selected as the research sample using Cochran's formula and available sampling method. The research tool was the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). Data were analyzed through Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and independent t test using SPSS software version 26.

The average score of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was 32.6±10.65. According to the obtained results, the average happiness of medical and paramedical students was 31.12±10.28 and 34.2±11.21 respectively. This difference between medical and paramedical students is significant based on the results of the independent t test. Moreover, paramedical students have a higher level of happiness.

Since happiness is one of the basic factors in people's academic and career performance and considering the lower level of happiness of medical students compared to paramedical students, it is necessary to identify the causal factors and plan to improve students' happiness.

Academic failure of students is one of the major problems of higher education centers in the country, which causes a waste of time and running costs of these centers and it creates psychological, family and social issues and problems for students. In addition, people with a drop in education will not be efficient human resources in the future. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the
relationship between five major personality trait groups with academic performance and also the predictability of academic progress through these traits.

Methods and Materials:

 This correlational study was performed in AJA University of Medical Sciences. The studied population consisted of all students studying in the second semester of the year 2022. 287 students were selected as the research sample using Cochran’s formula and available sampling method. Moreover, they answered Costa and McCree’s NEO-FFI questionnaire (short form). The GPA of the previous
academic semester was used to measure educational performance. Data were analyzed through regression (enter method) using SPSS software version 26.

The results of the regression (enter method) indicated that the two variables of neuroticism and conscientiousness can be relatively good predictors for academic performance.

Since personality traits play an undeniable role in various dimensions of life especially academic performance, besides various measurements, the measurement of psychological and personality dimensions of students should be included in the selection of candidates to enter AJA University of Medical Sciences.

Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field whose methodology is less developed in the form of books or independent articles and there are many problems in its methodological field.

The aim of this research was to study the methodological content and statistical analysis of articles related to cognitive sciences.

The articles were examined by content analysis method. The study population is all the articles related to the field of cognitive sciences that have been indexed in the ranking website of scientific journals in 2016 and the sampling method is purposeful. In order to classify the techniques and methods adopted from content analysis, a square matrix related to these techniques was provided to 7 experts in the field of cognitive science methodology and they were asked to rate their views on the similarity of each of these techniques and methods on a scale of 100 points. The mean score obtained from these matrices was entered into R software as similarity matrix with the aim of discovering clusters, The Fruchterman-Ringold algorithm was used to visualize the relationship between the different techniques.

Content analysis of articles and inclusion of related keywords in the coding sheet led to a list of statistical methods. The graph obtained from the network of conections between statistical techniques and methods with significant distances was drawn (p≤0.001).

Close-up techniques in the resulting graph were examined in detail and finally the methods used to analyze cognitive data in 17 clusters were introduced, the main purpose of the techniques used in each cluster was determined and research on how to select these techniques was suggested.

Network science as a new field in psychological measurement provides a good platform for test analysis, but in Iran, research on the analysis of test questions using network data analysis has been neglected.

The aim of this study was to introduce network data analysis as a psychometric-mathematical technique and its use in the questionnaire analysis process.

This research is descriptive-analytical, the statistical population of all language learners was the top ten language teaching institutes in Tehran in 2020, from which 1556 language learners were selected by convenience sampling method and answering the English vocabulary size test (Nation and Waring, 1997).  Data analysis was performed by qgraph software package under R software.

The graph obtained from the communication network of questions based on the Fruchterman-Ringold algorithm was plotted, the parent-child relationship of the questions was determined based on the Bayesian network, and the descriptive features of the test and the indicators of network centrality were extracted.

Introducing the technique of analyzing network data and using it for  questions analysis process is one of the achievements of this article. Using the advantages of network science such as the ability to simplify, manage, store and collect high-volume data and analyze test questions based on the map and indicators that are fully consistent with it, we can understand the internal relationship between different test questions, and by considering the importance of the questions in the network structure of the net relationship between the questions, it is possible to improve the testing methods. Similar studies and researches are proposed to compare the results of network data analysis with psychometric properties obtained based on conventional and classical methods.

One of the most critical issues in military environments is the reaction time (RT) to creative problems solving (CPS) and making decisions in this regard. One of the factors influencing the reaction time is inducing negative and positive effects. Besides, the moderating role of problem-solving synchronous variables can overshadow the interactive effect on RT.

The present study aimed to to evaluate the effect of positive and negative affect priming on the RT of CPS.

The method used for the study incsluded a pre-test, post-test experimental study on a control group; which was conducted in two stages within a four-day interval in 2019-20. All personnel working at military-medical universities participated in the study, from which 24 people were selected for an experimental study by convenience sampling method. After completing the feature’s problem-solving checklist and Remote Associates Test (RAT), in the second stage of the experiment, the research units were randomly divided into three groups of positive, negative, and neutral emotion induction. For data analysis, the mixed intra-intergroup factor analysis was used. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS-26 at a significance level of 0.05.

In the present study, only the hypothesis of the difference between Reaction times to the CPS test of RAT in the pre-test and post-test stages was confirmed in the three groups of positive, negative and neutral induction (F = 3.58, α <0.05 and n =24).

The results showed a significant difference between the RT to the CPS test of RAT in the pre and post-test stages in three groups of positive, negative, and neutral induction. Conclusions showed that emotional training could help RT to CPS. Thus, it is suggested that this training be placed on the agenda, especially in the military.

Network methodology makes it possible to study several goals at the same time and has capabilities leads to providing appropriate analytical tools. There are studies on the use of network data analysis in the field of educational assessment but there is less research that has practically constructed an adaptive test based on network theory or presented its algorithm. Is it possible to use network science to build adaptive tests?

This study was performed with the aim of improving the adaptive test algorithm based on network data analysis on language learners of language teaching centers and institutions in Tehran.

This research was descriptive and its main focus was on the analysis of test questions using network data analysis technique. The statistical population included all students of the top ten language teaching institutes in Tehran in 2019 who had the ability to read English at a minimum level. Among them, 1556 people were selected by convenience sampling method. The tool used was the 140-item English Vocabulary Size Test (VST) (Nation & Waring, 1997). The analysis of test questions was performed through classical test theory, item response theory and network analysis based on Fruchterman-Ringold algorithm.

The parameters of the test questions were calculated based on classical test theory and item respons theory. The relationship map between the questions was drawn based on Fruchterman-Ringold algorithm and statistical test of partial correlation with alpha modulation (p< 0/01), network centrality parameters and adaptive test algorithm were extracted.

Utilizing the benefits of network data analysis techniques such as results visibility, providing simple and comprehensive reports and considering the importance of the questions in the structure of the communication network between the questions have led to the improvement of adaptive testing methodes.

One of the challenges of todaychr('39')s military systems is increasing the power of problem-solving and creativity. Using affective priming is one way to improve cognitive ability of problem-solving in staff and military personnel. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of positive and negative affective priming on RAT test and aimed to investigate the role of emotions on cognitive function of the creative problem-solving problem.

This study was conducted in two stages (4 days interval). Initially, 24 participants completed the Trait Problem-solving Questionnaire and the RAT test. In the second phase of the experiment or four days later, these groups were randomly assigned into three groups: positive, negative, and neutral Affective Priming Tasks. Mixed-ANOVA was used for data analysis based on the design of this experiment (pre-test, post-test with the control group).Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.

In this study, there is only a significant difference between the RAT scores of experimental and control groups (p = 0.034, α <0.05 and n = 24).
Discussion and

The results indicate that the effects of positive and negative emotions on RAT scores are not different in two-time steps (4 days interval); however, positive and negative emotions can potentially have different results in RAT score. In addition, it is the first time that the computerized RAT test was used to measure studentschr('39') creative problem-solving skills in the current study.

Cancer is third leading cause of death in Iran and breast cancer is the most common cause of death in Iranian women. Early diagnosis can lead to effective treatment and improves the patient's quality of life. This study was performed with aim to determine the effect of demographic factors on women's Breast Self-Examination awareness in order to focus education on specific group's population in society women health management.
This is descriptive-analytic and correlational study was performed on 200 women referring to Karaj health care centers in 2015. Data was collected by using a self-made questionnaire about demographic factors (age, economic status and literacy) and interviews to determine the proper awareness about BSE. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16).
Among 200 women with mean age of 35.5±9.7, 97 cases (48.5%) were aware of breast self-examination and performed it in correct way and103 (51.5%) didnt aware or performed it incorrectly. 29 cases (29.8%) of aware women and 68 (52.4%) of unaware women were illiterate and semi-literate. There was significant relationship between educational level and breast self-exam awareness (P0.05).
There is a lack of breast self-examination awareness in the Iranian women. For women health management, education to families with lower educational levels may highly effective to early diagnosis and reduce mortality from this disease.

Learning and improving are the basis of all educational institutions activities. One of the most effective factors in students learning is their learning styles. Knowledge about learners styles can help teachers to adjust their teaching methods with students and improve the educational outcome. The present study aimed to investigate medical students learning styles in AJA university of Medical Sciences.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive study was performed in AJA University of Medical Sciences during the academic year of 2014-2015. 170 Medical students were selected through random sampling technique. VARK learning styles questionnaire was used as the research tool. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using both descriptive and inferential statistics.
There were significant differences among medical students learning styles. Kinesthetic learning style was the most preferable one among the students. In addition, testretest reliability of the questionnaire was estimated 0.87.
Discussion and There is a little attention to the kinesthetic learners in common teaching styles. Therefore, it is necessary to change the traditional methods of teaching to improve the quality of education in this field.

The current research has been done in order to compare learning styles and self-efficacy of learners of different majors; moreover, the comparison of these variables has been calculated between male and female students.
Methods and Materials: The causal comparative pattern has been used in this study. The participants of this study were medical students, MA students in engineering, art, and human science in Islamic Azad University Tehran Branch in 2008 and 2009. The sampling technique was stratified random sampling and the population included 100 male and female university students (25 students in each major). Witkin (1971) Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) was used to measure learning styles; in addition, Bandro self-efficacy questionnaire (1995) was used to measure self-efficacy of the learners.
After data analysis, the result demonstrated that the students of engineering use more field independence learning style, but there were no significant differences among the learning styles of the students of other majors. Medical students had the highest level of selfefficacy. There were no significant differences between male and female’s learning styles and
self-efficacy.
Discussion and Learners, who have independent learning style, tend to study those majors that require such capabilities include engineering courses, math, and physics. Due to the persuasive factors, medical students have high self efficacy scores as well as positive attitude. Since the experience of success and mastery are the most significant factors of constructing high self-efficacy, those learners self-efficacy’s scores are more than the others. In addition, medical students increase their efficacy expectation through model making by observing those who have been in this field of study and have been successful in their academic study as well as their occupation.

Music is one of the factors which reduces some states like tension, aggression, anxiety and masochism. This research was done to study the effect of the musical themes on reducing the aggression in university students. In this study, 306 Tarbiat Modarres university students, who were studying in 2008-2009 academic year in Tehran, were selected. The subjects completed the “Buss and Perry” aggression questionnaire and 60 students of the sample who scored one standard variation above the average were randomly assigned in 4 groups of 15 students (3 experimental groups and a control one). While being exposed to three musical themes (Relaxation themes, Somatization themes and Mood-making themes), the students were under the test application for 6 weeks. Subsequently, the “Buss and Perry” questionnaire was applied as a post-test. Data analysis through applying the statistical indexes and comparing the average results in 4 groups showed the positive effects of the music on reducing aggression in students. In sum, music can be considered as an effective factor in promoting the mental health and reducing aggression level.