saeed karami

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a viral disease caused by some H5 and H7 subtypes of influenza virus type A in most species of birds, especially poultry. HPAI viruses are amongst the most challenging viruses that threaten both human and animal health. Consequently, various strategies such as the use of vaccines have been proposed to control the disease. After a catastrophic pandemic and the failure of conventional methods (elimination and extermination) in Iran, multiple vaccines has been used to control the disease. This study investigates the immunogenicity of two recombinant inactivated commercial vaccines of H5N1 and H5N3 subtypes in laying pullet flocks in Tehran Province, Iran. From 32 halls in 6 breeding units of laying pullets, 3200 sera and 800 tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected. After collecting the samples, Serum neutralisation (SN) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests were conducted on sera to determine the serum titers of H5 specific antibody obtained from vaccine inoculation in three steps: before, after first vaccination and after the second vaccination (booster). SN and HI tests were carried out by the alpha and beta methods on the pooled samples by the vaccine type (as antigen for HI and SN), and the results were compared. The PCR was performed on the tracheal and cloacal swab samples to possibly detect the HA (H5)virus in the studied flocks. The HI test results showed that both vaccines had a Serum antibody titre above 5 (log2) after two vaccination rounds, indicating a desirable immunogenic response. The SN test results also showed a neutralisation index above 104.5 for both vaccines, indicating more than 50% reduction in antigenicity of the virus. The PCR results were negative. This study was the first investigation of immunogenicity following two-time vaccination against H5 subtype vaccines in Iranian poultry flocks, indicated suitable antibody titer against the influenza virus in vaccinated flocks.

The emergence of digital media has led to the growth of the phenomenon called social media influencers in the last decade, which has attracted a lot of attention in academic environments and legislative levels. The current article is based on the descriptive-analytical method in search of an answer to the question, what legal requirements should be provided for the regulation of this new type of work so that they can be regulated in some way? In other words, what legal restrictions can be applied to advertising through influencers to ensure that the rights of consumers and users and the public in general are protected? The necessity of regulation in this field requires the examination of recent developments in the field of relevant laws and regulations, in this article, while dealing with the concept of influencer, the best methods and methods regarding the regulation of social media influencers, especially in the field of advertising It is offered in different countries. The results indicate that despite some regulations and codes of ethics to regulate issues related to influencers in the field of advertising, the existing legal systems in this regard still have a long way to go, because the issues related to

Today, the importance of reducing the drag force in subsurface vehicles has increased even more due to their use in the military, research and entertainment industries. In the leading research, the effect of various methods of reducing the friction drag, including the method of connecting the riblet to the body, covering the body, injecting air and heating the body, has been investigated on a subsurface vehicle. Validation of the results of the present numerical analysis was done by two solvers, Star CCM and Ansys Fluent, with experimental data. The combined shear stress transfer turbulence model was used to model the turbulent flow. The results of the study showed that the aforementioned methods in the best case reduced the drag force by 5.5%, 19.9%, 51.9% and 6.2%, respectively. All methods reduced the coefficient of friction drag. Also, the methods of coating and heating caused a slight decrease in the back pressure coefficient, while in the methods of connecting the riblet to the body and injecting air into the surrounding flow, this coefficient increased.

In this study, the copula constructions in Gorani texts are investigated, as well as how the ergative system is reflected in them. The Divan of Mawlavi (also known as Kurdish Mawlavi) is one of the most authoritative Gorani manuscripts used in this study. To extract and describe the copula constructions, Dixon's (2010) approach is applied. The copula constructions in Gorani texts are classified into four types: nominal, attributive, existential locative, and existential possessive. In addition to the existential construction, the lexical verb "to have" has been employed to express possession. The agreement pattern of Copula verbs in nominal, attributive, and locative constructions follows the pattern of "S" in past ergative verbs, but in existential possessive constructions it follows the pattern of "A" in past ergative verbs. Despite the fact that lexical verbs have a split and tense-based ergative system, the ergative system in possessive construction is uniformly the same in the present and past tense. Although the existential construction is employed to show possession in both the Gorani texts and modern Persian, in modern Persian the accusative is reflected by the suffix "ra" whereas in Gorani texts the ergative is reflected by pronominal clitics.

Hawrami and Arabic are considered as two languages of two enormous language families (Iranian and Semitic languages). Gender is one of the grammatical categories that is still remain in both languages. The present study aims at investigating the similarities and differences in the grammatical gender assignment system between both two languages, Hawrami (the Horaman Takht dialect) and Arabic (standard Arabic), within the framework of contrastive analysis. Arabic data is selected from written sources, especially modern grammar sources. Hawrami data were elicited based on 6 hours of recorded conversations with twenty native Hawraman Takht public speakers. Analysis of the data shows that the system of gender assignment despite its semantic core in both languages is often formal, so that the predominant trend in Arabic is: morphological> semantic> phonological and in Hawrami is: phonological> morphological> semantic

Transparency of MPs' votes" is one of the categories that oversees parliamentary transparency, which has become mandatory in parliaments in recent decades in parallel with technological advances in some democracies. The fact that it is considered a fundamental step towards the characteristics of good governance. In the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran, "the plan for the transparency of the votes of the deputies was presented in the open court of the Assembly on October 28, 2017 and its urgency was approved, but after two years, no decision has been made yet. This description of the present article raises the question of what are the advantages of the transparency of the votes of the representatives over the non-transparency of the votes. ? In this regard, an attempt was made to deal with the transparency of votes with categories such as democratic necessities, civil institution building, the religious rule of Ashar, and the culture of transparency and accountability. According to the findings of this article, any political system that can exercise transparency in its affairs, especially in the system of voting of representatives, is equally far from political and economic corruption.

According to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the government and the right of guardianship belong to God, who has pledged it through the people for their happiness. Relying on public opinion and governing the country based on the people's vote is explicitly stated in the constitution. Candidacy in elections is considered as a social commitment and contract. This commitment and contract must follow both the general rules of contracts and social contracts. Therefore, if the person is not serious in expressing his will and his presence is formal and preceded by collusion with the main candidate participating in the election, the structure of the contract is distorted. The formation of an obligation and agreement must be based on an explicit and clear will and be far from ambiguity, otherwise the issue of qualification and use of public resources will be negligible and the contract will not have legal effects.

The right to "freedom from work" is an approach which is introduced as a new human right in labor arena with the aim of protecting workers as human being, not as a principle of  the economic production. This approach is trying to reduce the need to rely on work and increase human potential and creativity in order to make the transition from the right to work to the freedom from work, in a way to consider the end of work rather than work as an end in itself.

The present paper is based on a descriptive- analytic method that outlines the conceptual study of dimensions of freedom in relation to work. In this regard, developing the concept of the right to "freedom from work" evaluates the point that: Up to what extent do the current fundamental labour rights promote and develop the specific right to "freedom from work"?

In order to expand freedom in relation to work, more and actual implementation of fundamental labour rights for "Freedom at work" and "freedom through work" are required.

Results demonstrate that in economics of current labour market, fundamental labour rights have traditionally aimed at protecting workers as a principle  of the economic production. In this regard, there is not enough opportunity to debate about "freedom of work". Although, some fundamental labour rights promote freedom in relation to work, but their role are too weak to expand "freedom from work".

The UN Security Council is the only authority to prescribe the right to legal use of force on the basis of legal principles and rules.  The 1937 Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of Terrorism (Geneva Convention) is the first international convention on terrorism. The process and mechanisms needed to define and delineate counterterrorism in international law are very slow. The US government has often used the Security Council mechanism, and otherwise, by force or concluding incomplete treaties with some countries, to justify its illegal actions internationally. The assassination is considered to be the most effective senior military official in command of the Takfiri Counter-Terrorism Front in the US-led region, under the direct command of the US President. The following article examines the assassination of General Suleimani for violating the principles of international and domestic law. This article states that citing a defense by the United States lacks the necessary elements to assign action to Iran. The claim of preventive defense is also not approved by international judicial custom. The perspective of international lawyers not only confirms the matter, but also denies it and opposes it. The US military attack on January 3, was contrary to the Iraqi -US security agreement and the Roman statute, and is a case of violations and violations.

The acoustic performance of ship propellers is an important issue in ship design. Noise generated by the ship's propeller is one of the most important sources of noise when ship moving in seaway which has a higher frequency range and level than other noise sources. In this study, the fluid field around the DTMB 4119 marine propeller was simulated by the finite volume method and then by the FW-H integral method, the sound pressure level was estimated and validated with the experimental results. In the following, a standard Series B propeller in two different advanced coefficients simulated. its hydrodynamic properties investigated by velocity triangles and extracted vortex structure of the flow. The Steady and unsteady states were used to evaluate the acoustic performance of this propeller. In the steady-state condition, the noise level was lower at high frequencies, while in the unsteady state, noise levels were around 10 dB higher, which be due to ignored unsteady terms. For extrapolation of the result of acoustic noise levels from the model scale to a full scale of the propeller, the ITTC87 method was used.

Nowadays, maritime transport is increasing significantly, and the probability of collisions between ships in densely populated region has increased. In this regard, improving the ship maneuvering performance has a significant impact directly on the economy and safety of navigation. Therefore, the study of maneuver parameters is considered as a mandatory issue in the process of designing a ship. In this study, first the validation of the results has been done for the KCS. The benchmark ship at froud number 0.201 was simulated in three degrees of freedom including: surge, heave and pitch and calm water conditions, then the results were compared by computational fluid dynamics. Validation was performed according to the ITTC Recommendation by three levels of gridding, and the value of numerical uncertainty was also estimated. Uncertainty less than 12% and numerical error respect to experimental less than 6% were extracted. A good match was presented between the numerical and laboratory results. A good match was presented between the numerical and laboratory results. The two-phase flow the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method and the DES turbulence model were used to model the flow around the hull. The effect of propeller was induced by actuator disk method and based on flowchart in ship stern.

One of the important issues in evaluating the numerical analysis of ship resistance by the computational fluid dynamics method is to investigate its uncertainty, which includes verification and validation studies. In this study, the KCS container Ship in calm water was simulated numerically at the design speed, equivalent of Froude number 0.26. The finite volume method was used to discretize the Navier Stokes equations and the turbulence model of shear stress transfer. The free surface was modeled by the fluid volume and inertia of the ship motions using the coupled rigid-body coupling equations with fluid. Uncertainty values were assessed for verification and validation studies. The verification study was investigated by three simulation solutions with different mesh resolution . The numerical method uncertainty was less than 5.76% after the study and in the validation study, considering the uncertainty of the model test, the uncertainty was 5.84%. The results showed good accuracy of the method used and gridding.

When a propeller moves in the water, a strong Vortex flow generates around the Propeller Hub that reduces the performance of the propeller. Therefore, by adding rotating Fins to the back of the propeller, the flow deviates to the back of the bow cap and reduces the intensity of the vortex. In this research, Boss Cap Fins designed parametrically and added to the B-Series Propeller. The design performance points and non-design points for B-series propeller investigated and the cavitation starting point estimated. In the following, the effect of geometric changes of PBCF discussed and a geometric model proposed. In order to validate the numerical method, a Controllable Pitch Propeller has been used. The coupled Reynolds-averaged equations with cavitation mass transfer model were used to simulate flow field. The geometric changes of the Boss Cap Fins using the proposed method depict the improved efficiency in the high advanced coefficients.

Prediction of gas reservoir performance in some industrial cases requires costly and time-consuming simulation runs and a strong CPU must be involved in the simulation procedure. Many reservoir parameters conform to a strong aquifer behavior on gas reservoir performance. Effects of parameters, including reservoir permeability, aquifer permeability, initial reservoir pressure, brine water salinity, gas zone thickness, water zone thickness, temperature, tubing diameter, reservoir inclination, the effective intruding angle of the aquifer, and porosity were investigated using Tornado chart, and seven parameters were filtered. Response functions of aquifer productivity index, gas recovery factor, initial maximum gas production, water sweep efficiency, gas production rate, water breakthrough time, and water production were defined statistically, using Eclipse E100 and Box-Behnken design (BBD). According to the formulae generated by the BBD based on simulation runs, reservoir permeability, aquifer permeability, well-head pressure, and gas zone thickness are the most influencing parameters on the gas reservoir performance supported by the strong aquifer. The aquifer was found to be important especially due to its productivity index and sweep water efficiency. Validation of results given by the BBD through simulation runs showed response functions of aquifer productivity index, sweep water efficiency, maximum gas production, and recovery factor are of deviation percentages in the ranges of 10.61%, 6.302%, 3.958%, and 2.04%, respectively.

In this research, a standard propeller was designed for a surface vessel, then using a computer program, 3D propeller geometry based on two- dimensional data generated and griding and flow field around the propeller was solved based on the computational fluid dynamics method. In this regard, we used a hybrid grid and periodic condition based on a spline Cutting. A steady model and three unsteady models were used in the numerical modeling. The results were validated and uncertainty grid discretization error was calculated. The results were in good agreement with the results of open water, an estimated separation point and propeller wake were investigated. In order to modeling the transition of the boundary layer, two models of gamma and γ-Reθ transition were used. The Q criterion was used to detection vortices and wakes. The separation of flow and transition of the boundary layer from laminar to turbulent in high advanced coefficients in the unsteady models was different of the steady model. The effects of adding two standard duct with 19A and 37A with open propeller were compared that 19A duct had better hydrodynamic properties.

Due to the growth and expansion of cities and the unchanged distribution network, an important issue for electricity distribution companies is customer satisfaction with the quality of received power. It is clear that with the expansion of load centers, the amount of line power flow increases, that creates problems such as voltage drop and increased losses. Distribution network reconfiguration is one of the solutions for network administrators to prevent these problems. With increasing power consumption, environmental issues, and government constraints for power generation, have raised challenges in the distribution system. The solution is a smart grid implementation. In this paper are considered reconfiguration, distributed resources (PV and Wind systems) and energy storage systems (ESS) to achieve smart grid. The effect of scattered products on the reduction of losses, the effect of capacitive banks on improving the voltage profile and reducing losses, and the problem of reconfiguration on the performance indicators of the distribution system and the reduction of losses are investigated and proposed as a multi-objective function. The objective functions used include reducing total voltage deviations, reducing total system losses, increasing the security margin of lines, reducing the energy purchased from the main network, and reducing the energy variance from the main network. Several scenarios for examining the methods for improving the target functions have been investigated and the simulation results have been shown. The use of reconfiguration has a significant impact on the losses and voltage profiles, and distributed sources also have a positive impact on all sectors and affect the power of the network. With the activation of ESSs in the smart distribution network, the economic objective function is reduced and the grid has the ability to sell electricity to the main network. In the future work, the linearization of the proposed model and mathematical optimization methods can be used.

Rotational drilling was a revolution in drilling technology. It made the drilling process more efficient and faster and more depth of well could be achieved through rotation method. Besides all of its advantages, the rotation approach induced some problems like pipe sticking and downhole cleaning to the drilling procedure. Hole cleaning and reduction of torque and drag seems to be vital in inclined and horizontal ones due to its complexity and inclination. In this manuscript, hydraulic, torque and drag analysis were surveyed to investigate whether the path proposed for a well in the south of Iran is adequate or not. The required information was provided from associated drilling company and the proposed well trajectory used with hydraulic and drag data to run simulations via drilling office software. Effective axial load, Interaction of well and drill string, Comparison of stresses and von Mises graph were reported. Mentioned graphs showed the consistency of drilling project. The sensitivity of pressure drop to the pump flow rate and critical required rate to clean up annulus also reported pressure drop through the drilling system and required flow rate to clean up the bottom hole. In another word, obtained results of drag and hydraulic showed the consistency of trajectory.

Abstract:The present research explores the analysis of semantic network of two prepositions in Sorani Kurdish:"bæ,læ"within the framework of cognitive semantics. Cognitive semantics has a special view toward preposition. One of the recent models is the Principled Polysemy Model (Tyler & Evans 2003). The prepositions "bæ, læ" have a two final "æwæ, dɑ" in the end of their noun phrase that distinguishes this research from other. the primary sense of"læ" is "beginning, source" and its semantic network contains 15 senses. The circumposition "læ… dɑ" determined for primary sense and its metaphor cluster of sense. The circumposition "læ…dɑ" for containment's cluster and the preposition "læ" for other distinct senses. The preposition"bæ" has 12 distinct senses and the"adherence" is specified as its primary sense. The circumposition "bæ…æwæ" determined for primary sense and its metaphor cluster. The circumposition "bæ…dɑ" for containment's cluster and the single preposition:"bæ" for other distinct senses.

The pro-environmental behavior is one of the most effective factors for protecting the environment. This behavior is influenced by many factors including individuals’ environmental attitudes and knowledge. This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between environmental knowledge with environmental behaviors with regard to the mediation role of environmental attitudes. This research has been conducted through survey method. The statistical population was 1850 agricultural students at Bu-Ali Sina University. Based on Krejcie and Morgan's table, a sample of 300 agricultural students was chosen through simple random sampling method. Data was collected using a standardized survey questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by agricultural extension and education experts, and its’ reliability was confirmed by pilot study and Cronbach’s Alpha. Results indicated that both objective and subjective environmental knowledge were correlated with environmental behavior. Furthermore, environmental attitudes mediated the relation between subjective environmental knowledge and environmental behavior. By investigating the relationships between subjective and objective environmental knowledge and environmental attitudes with environmental behaviors, greater insight is gained with regard to this behavior.

There are two major approaches among jurisprudents to pending contract. Some consider it valid and some invalid. Both rely on rational and jurisprudential reasons in their arguments. The opponents of the validity of pending contract rely on consensus as the most important reason. The advocates of the validity of pending contract, mainly contemporary jurisprudents including Imam Khomeini, while rejecting consensus, challenge tanjis in contract. Among the jurists, the predominant approach belongs to the advocates of the validity of pending contract while invalidity of pending contract according to them refers exclusively to those mentioned in the civil code such as Articles 1068 and 699. In critical approach to the theory of suspension in forging and in basis, it is argued that suspension in forging is fundamentally baseless because in suspension in forging the contract is not formed to talk about its validity or invalidity. In fact validity or invalidity belongs to the situational decrees which require an external subject. On the other hand, it is argued that contracts and transactions are not canonical truth and the sharia, except in few cases, does not interfere in the precept of the rational and the issue belongs to the commonsense and is valid.