seyed ali hoseini

Considering the importance of the hotel industry within the tourism sector and the necessity of social responsibilities, this research aims to develop a social responsibility model tailored to Iran’s conditions, as no such model currently exists in the literature. This study employs a mixed-method approach within a survey research framework. In the first phase, interviews were conducted with managers of 4 and 5-star hotels in Tehran to gather insights on influential factors, strategies, and outcomes. These insights were categorized and codified into a model. In the quantitative phase, the model's components were assessed and validated for reliability and validity. The paths identified in the model were statistically examined, modified, and confirmed where necessary. The overall goodness of fit for the model was verified using the SRMR index. According to this model, social responsibility in the hotel industry is influenced by driving factors such as strategic commitment, stakeholder consideration, and moral commitment, which are themselves influenced by contextual conditions. Strategies to achieve social responsibility encompass various fields including human resources, marketing, communication, and green management. These strategies are affected by intervening conditions such as executive and managerial conditions, cultural conditions, media and communication conditions, and government facilitation. The outcomes of implementing social responsibility are seen in economic, social, environmental, and organizational sustainability. The contribution of this research lies in enhancing knowledge through the integration of factors influencing social responsibility, the strategies for its implementation, and the resultant outcomes into a coherent model, which has not been previously studied.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in brain tissue plays a significant role in the development of Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to assess the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on the gene expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1-a) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in the brain tissue of elderly rats with Parkinson's disease.

In this experimental study, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: 1) healthy control (HC), 2) Parkinson's control (Res), 3) Parkinson's-aerobic exercise (AT), 4) Parkinson-garlic supplement (G), and 5) Parkinson-aerobic exercise-garlic supplement (AT+G). Parkinson's disease was induced by injecting 2 mg/kg of reserpine. Aerobic training was conducted five times a week, with each session lasting 15-48 minutes at speeds ranging from 10 to 24 meters per minute over 8 weeks. The supplement groups received a daily dose of 500 mg/kg of garlic via gavage. The gene expression of PGC1-a and TFAM in brain tissue was assessed using real-time PCR.

The expression of the PGC1-a gene in the G, AT, and AT+G groups was significantly higher than that in the Res group, with the AT+G group showing significantly higher expression than the G group (P=0.001). TFAM gene expression in the AT (P=0.005) and AT+G (P=0.001) groups was significantly higher than in the Res group, with the AT+G group exhibiting higher expression compared to the G and AT groups (P=0.001).

The results suggest that the combination of exercise and garlic supplementation may have additive or synergistic effects on mitochondrial health and function in Parkinson's disease.

This research aims to investigate the factors affecting creativity and innovation among their employees, and after identifying these factors, their ranking is done using self-made questionnaire . The sample population used in this survey was all employees of Kian Tire Company. Based on the conceptual model of the research, in the first step, according to the Delphi method, the items were identified from the viewpoint of the elite for creativity and innovation. Questionnaires to identify the model indices were provided to the statistical population of the study. The obtained data were evaluated using Delphi test. According to the results, these factors were identified, which in general can be classified into two general categories of internal and external factors. The ranking of these factors both internal and external, was done using the TOPSIS technique and Analytical Hierarchy process. Finally , suggestions were made to institutionalize creativity and innovation in the organization.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-long neurological disease. This study reviews the literature on the vocational rehabilitation (VR) of people who experience SCI.   

MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Science Direct databases were searched. The inclusion criteria of the articles included the following: describing adults with SCI only, the English or Persian language, and involving people of workforce age. Conference abstracts, case studies, and editorials were excluded.   

The eligibility of 186 full-text articles was assessed, and 124 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused on barriers and facilitators for work in people with SCI.  

There are no current services and programs in Iran that support post-injury employment of people with SCI, and therefore, there remains a need for studies addressing employment in this population.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nutritional performance and physical activity in patients with COVID-19. In this causal-comparative ex-post facto study, after obtaining a license from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 600 people who volunteered to participate in the present study were selected as the statistical sample. After completing the demographic information and informed consent forms, subjects completed the Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Onesample t-test, Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U and regression tests were used to analyze the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22, and a significant level of 0.05 for data analysis was considered. The levels of BMI, nutritional attitude, nutritional knowledge, and nutritional performance of men and women with COVID-19 were unsatisfactory (P≥0.05). Nutritional knowledge scores in women were significantly higher than in men (P≥0.05). With decreasing physical activity, nutritional performance levels increased in women and men; with decreasing nutritional attitudes, physical activity levels increased in men. Also, BMI levels improved with increasing nutritional knowledge scores (P≥0.05). It seems that lack of proper physical activity, attitude, and poor nutritional performance are the factors affecting the increase in the number of COVID-19 patients; therefore, it is recommended that health centers provide the necessary training on the optimal role of physical activity, attitude, and nutritional performance in the prevention of COVID-19 disease.

The effect of exercise training in control of diabetes has been proved, but comparison of the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on the protective mechanisms of heart tissue is still not well known. So, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of HIIT and MICT on the Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) and Heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) gene expression in heart tissue of high-fat diet and diabetic rats.

eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with high-fat diet for three months. After that, diabetes was induced by injecting 30 mg/kg streptozotocin intra peritoneally. Then the rats were divided into 3 groups of 6 rats including, HIIT, MICT, and control. Also, 6 rats were considered to investigate the effect of high-fat diet and diabetes on research variables in the healthy control group. During 8 weeks training protocol, the HIIT group performed 6 training sessions in the first week to 12 training sessions in the last week training sessions with intensity of 80-85% of the maximum speed. MICT group was run 50 to 55% of the maximum running speed which lasted from 25 minutes in the first week to 50 minutes in the final week. Finally, SIRT3 and HSP70 gene expression values ​​were measured in heart tissue by qRT-PCR method. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to analyze the data (P<0.05).

SIRT3 gene expression levels in the HIIT and MICT groups were significantly higher than the control group (P=0.001) and HSP70 gene expression levels in the HIIT group were lower than the control group (P=0.01). In addition, no significant difference was observed in SIRT3 and HSP70 values ​​in HIIT and MICT training (P≤0.05).

It seems that HIIT and MICT play a role in improving mitochondrial function by increasing SIRT3 expression; However, considering the decrease in HSP70 levels following HIIT, it seems that more studies with the approach of cell damage following high-intensity training are needed.

Heavy physical activity increases oxidative and metabolic stress, and factors affecting body recovery and its speed to a normal state are of particular importance [3]. Improper recovery after one training session can lead to an unfavorable performance in the next session. Long-term and repeated inappropriate recoveries can also eventually lead to overtraining by causing fatigue [4]. Active recovery increases blood flow and thus accelerates the athlete’s recovery [6]. Also, the use of massage as a therapeutic and relaxing method is widespread in sports races for preparation before the race, between two races, and return to the original state after the race [9]. One of the main benefits of sports massage is its positive effect on sports performance, which leads to reducing the time of returning to the original state after physical activity, reducing muscle tension, restoring energy reserves through increasing blood flow, and as a result, improving performance in the next race [8, 9, 10]. Therefore, the recovery method can affect the success of athletes by reducing cell or muscle damage indicators [8, 9, 10]. Because intense and long-term training can disrupt an athlete’s performance by increasing oxidative stress and its effects on hematology indicators and antioxidant defense [19, 20], using different methods of recovery after an acute training session can be useful. Accordingly, the aim of this research was to compare the effects of active recovery methods and massage on recovery speed in female runners.

In this quasi-experimental research, 30 semi-endurance semi-professional female runner volunteers were selected by the simple random method as the research sample, and in a crossover design, they were divided into three groups of ten cases: 1) running active recovery, 2) sports massage, and 3) passive recovery groups. In order to homogenize the training plan of all runners, a training protocol with the following details of two weeks, three training sessions per week, and each training session about 2 hours of athletic training was created, and after each session, a cooling exercise was performed for 10-15 minutes, including light aerobic exercises and stretching exercises. After a week of rest, pre-test measurements and blood sampling were performed on an empty stomach. Two hours after the test, subjects had breakfast (including 70% carbohydrates, 15% protein, and 15% fat), and a 1500-meter running race was performed. After receiving recovery results based on grouping, blood sampling was done again. Active recovery consisted of 15 minutes of light running and then 5 minutes of static stretching movements. In the sports massage group, the sports massage therapist performed massage on the lower limbs. In the passive recovery group, runners sat for 30 minutes after doing the activity. Immediately after completion of the 1500-meter running race and subsequently various recovery methods, blood sampling was done. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software, version 22 and the significance level was considered at P<0.05.

Results :

In this study, the age range of female runners was 18-24 years old (mean: 21.34±2.32 years). The height range was 161 to 175 cm (mean: 169.126±4.112 cm), and the weight range of runners was 54-68 kg (mean: 62.113±4.217 kg). After a 1500-meters run, there was no significant difference in subjects regarding hematocrit (P=0.25, F=1.44), iron (P=0.23, F=1.52), red blood cells (P=0.41, F=0.92), hemoglobin (P=0.39, F=0.97), aspartate aminotransferase (P=0.80, F=0.21), total antioxidant capacity (P=0.43, F=0.87) and malondialdehyde levels (P=0.036), F=0.21). But there was a significant difference in the number of white blood cells (P=0.03, F=3.75). Also, a significant difference was observed between the effects of three recovery methods on changes in hematocrit (P=0.02, F=4.10), white blood cells (P=0.04, F=3.70), and hemoglobin (P=0.02, F=4.52) of semi-professional female runners. The results of the LSD post hoc test revealed that there was a significant difference in hematocrit (P=0.009), white blood cells (P=0.01), and hemoglobin (P=0.01) between the three groups. However, no significant difference was observed between the three recovery methods in changes in iron, red blood cells, and aspartate aminotransferase (P>0.05). Also, regarding the effects of recovery methods on total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels, there was no significant difference in total antioxidant capacity between the three recovery methods (P=0.12, F=1.83). However, a significant difference was observed in malondialdehyde levels (P=0.036, F=1.14). In further investigations, the results of the LSD post hoc test showed that a reduction in malondialdehyde levels in the active recovery group was higher than in the massage and passive groups (P=0.031 and P=0.038, respectively)

In general, a 1500-meter half-endurance running race increases oxidative stress and affects some hematological factors in female runners. Many body organs and systems, including the liver, cardio-respiratory system, muscle system - active muscles - nervous system, hormonal system, muscle glycogen, and triglyceride, and energy systems are under pressure during a race or a training session [28, 29, 30]. Fatiguing running exercises generate excessive free radicals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which leads to damage caused by muscle oxidative stress and impaired contractility, and can affect an athlete’s sports performance or health. Also after different recovery methods, a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels was observed compared to the massage and passive groups. It can be said that in the active recovery group, considering that light aerobic activities bring more blood flow to the muscles, as a result, it can improve mitochondrial respiration and improve recovery and reduce oxidative stress in muscles after exercises. However, in the passive and massage groups, the blood flow does not reach the muscles properly. Using active recovery can increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients with improved blood flow to the muscles, and improve the removal of metabolites caused by an aerobic activity, thus reducing oxidative stress, which can prevent muscle injuries in runners.

This study aims to design a conceptual model for the effect of various factors on walking ability, participation, and quality of life in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP) and test it based on field data using path analysis.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 181 children with SDCP. The following were used to measure each of the variables: the Modified Ashworth Scale, the Micro Manual Muscle Tester, the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), the Boyd and Graham test, the goniometer, weight and height, the Gross Motor Function Classification System, the Life Habits Questionnaire, and cerebral palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children. The structural model was tested in Amos 17.

All paths of the proposed model were significant (P <0.05). Among evaluated variables, muscle strength (B = -0.466), balance (B = 0.326), and spasticity (B = 0.143) affected walking ability. Moreover, as an intermediate factor, walking ability affected the subjects’ participation (B = -0.819) and quality of life (B = -0.183).

Muscle strength, balance, and spasticity are the most influential factors in the walking ability of children with SDCP. Furthermore, walking ability and participation are two critical factors in promoting the quality of life of these children.

Considering the role of diet and the use of natural antioxidants in addition to exercise, the attention of researchers has been drawn to take further advantage of the effects of exercise to improve cellular metabolism. Despite the favorable role of exercise and antioxidants on heart health, the simultaneous effect of exercise and consumption of propolis (prepared by bees) is not yet known. This study aimed to investigate the effects of endurance training and propolis against oxidative and myocardial stress in diabetic ovariectomized rats.

This experimental study was conducted on 36 female Sprague Dawley rats aged 12-16 weeks and weighing 220-250 grams. Six rats were included in the healthy control group. Diabetes was induced in 30 overiectomized rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). Then, the diabetic animals were divided into five groups of six including diabetic ovariectomized control, sham, propolis, endurance training, and endurance training + propolis. Rats in the training groups trained for eight weeks, five sessions per week, with 55-75% VO2 max. Moreover, propolis was administered 100 mg/kg/day by peritoneal injection. The level of Pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) and expression of HSP72 and NF-κB genes were measured.

HSP72 expression was significantly higher in the propolis, endurance training, and endurance training + propolis groups. The levels of NF-kB and malonaldehyde were significantly decreased in the ovariectomized diabetic rats (P<0.05). Expression of HSP72 in the endurance training and endurance training + propolis groups were significantly higher than in the propolis group. Moreover, NF-kB in the endurance training and endurance training + propolis groups were significantly lower than in the propolis group (P<0.05). The value of PAB in the propolis and endurance training + propolis groups were significantly lower than in the ovariectomized diabetic rats (P<0.05).

Exercise and consumption of propolis seem to synergistically improve the protective HSP72 pathway and reduce oxidative stress in heart tissue following estrogen dysfunction and diabetes. However, the interaction of the two depends on endurance training.

Anabolic androgenic steroids are often used by athletes to improve sports performance. Kidney damage has been reported as a side effect of abuse of these substances. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of propolis consumption during eight weeks of resistance training on Glutathione peroxidase activity in kidney tissue in male rats consuming testosterone enanthate.

In this experimental study, 32 male mice with an age of 8 weeks and an average weight of 250 ± 50 grams were prepared. after two weeks of familiarization and weighing twice a week, the mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control(C), sham(RT), resistance training +testosterone(RT+T) and resistance training+testosterone+propolis(RT+T+P) group were divided. The resistance training program was carried out 5 days a week with two rest days a week. The weights were 60% of body weight in the first week and 20% of body weight was added every week. Rats receiving steroids received 20 mg of testosterone enanthate intramuscularly. The receiving group received 400 mg of propolis cleanser by gavage. After dissection, kidney tissue was sampled to measure GPX concentration. Data analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance with SPSS24.

The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference in the research groups (P=0.0001). According to Bonferroni's post hoc test, GPX levels in the exercise+testosterone and exercise+testosterone+propolis groups have significantly decreased compared to the control and sham groups.

It seems that testosterone consumption can be effective in increasing oxidative stress factors in the kidney tissue of resistance-trained rats. The use of propolis to treat the side effects of steroids has not had the desired effect in the short term.

Pulmonary poisoning and the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) lead to impaired respiratory gas exchange and cause DNA damage. Pumpkin seeds with powerful antioxidant properties can reduce ROS production. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the interactive effect of resistance training and pumpkin seed consumption on the levels of inhibitory (Glutathione and ATP) and destructive (Cytochrome-C and Malondialdehyde) factors in lung tissue of rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide.

forty-two male Wistar rats with an approximate weight of 250±50 kg were selected and randomly divided into seven groups (six rats in each group) including 1. Healthy Control, 2. Poisoned Control, 3. Resistance Training, 4. One mg/kg Pumpkin Seeds, 5. Two mg/kg Pumpkin Seeds, 6. Resistance Training + One mg/kg Pumpkin Seeds, and 7. Resistance Training + Two mg/kg Pumpkin Seeds. The resistance training protocol consisted of climbing a one-meter ladder with a 2-centimeter distance between each step and an 85-degree incline. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software at a significance level of α=0.05.

Resistance training combined with the consumption of pumpkin seeds led to a significant effect on ATP, Cytochrome-C, GSH, MDA, and PAB concentrations in lung tissue (P=0.001).

The interaction of performing resistance training with pumpkin seed consumption can reduce the production of ROS via toxins such as H2O2 in lung tissue, by increasing factors such as ATP and GSH concentration as well as decreasing Cytochrome-C, MDA, and PAB concentrations.

The consumption of grape seed nanoparticles extract can control cardiovascular risk factors. Exercise plays a protective role against cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight-week resistance training (RT) and the use of grape seed nanoparticles on mitochondrial biogenesis of heart tissue in myocardial infarction (MI) models.

In this experimental study, 25 rats were randomly divided into five groups including (1) control (C), (2) MI, (3) MI+RT, (4) MI+grape seed, and (5) MI+RT+grape seed. MI was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (85 mg/kg). Grape seed nanoparticles were daily administered at a dose of 150 mg/kg for 8 weeks, and RT was performed 5 days a week. Finally, data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc tests (P≤0.05).

MI models showed decreased expression of PGC-1α, PPARγ, and UCP-1 genes in cardiac tissue (P=0.001). However, RT combined with the use of grape seed nanoparticles had a significant effect on increasing the expression of PGC-1α (P=0.001), PPARγ (P=0.002), and UCP-1 (P=0.003) genes in the heart tissue of MI model mice.

The consumption of grape seed nanoparticles along with RT has more effects on improving the expression of PGC-1α, PPARγ, and UCP-1 genes in MI than either alone. Therefore, the use of grape seed nanoparticles together with RT is recommended in case of MI.

Money laundering is simply a set of operations that are carried out on illicit property, such as property obtained from the sale of drugs, theft, fraud, etc., in order to show this property in a legitimate and legal manner and to hide its illegitimate origin. Stay. This phenomenon is recognized as a crime in domestic law according to the Anti-Money Laundering Law, and in addition, it has been recognized as illegitimate based on various verses, hadiths, biographies of imams, and a number of jurisprudential rules. Among the jurisprudential principles of the sanctity of money laundering, we can mention the rules of encroachment on falsehood, no harm, iodine, hardship, usurpation. In this regard, in the present article, a descriptive-analytical method has been used to analyze the verses, narrations, as well as the jurisprudential opinions and rules agreed upon by the five religions. The method of collecting information was library studies, during which by referring to reliable sources including verses, hadiths and jurisprudential views, it was determined that the five religions have considered money laundering as an act contrary to Sharia and ethics.

Optimal stock portfolio selection is an optimization problem that can be solved by meta-heuristic algorithms. The search power of the meta-innovation algorithm is directly related to the accuracy of selecting the best stocks in the portfolio portfolio. salp swarm algorithm is one of the new meta-heuristic algorithms that has had good results in selecting the optimal stock portfolio. In this research, a new solution to strengthen the search power in salp swarm algorithm using cosine sine algorithm is presented. Research shows that all-in-one is one of the best ways to choose the best portfolio, but it is also important to consider the future as well. In the first twenty years of the stock market, from the first fifty years of 1398. In this research, using the forward neural network, the future final price of stocks is predicted and by new method for of cosine sine salp swarm algorithm is used to select the optimal stock portfolio. The results indicate that the model presented in this article, compared to traditional methods and market index, provides a higher yield for investors.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the frequency of accidents in road and rail crossings of Iran in order to provide solutions to reduce the number of such incidents. Investigating the level crossing in terms of frequency of accidents is one of the methods for identifying hazardous and risky crossings in the rail transport network. For this purpose, in the forthcoming study, a model for predicting the frequency of accidents with a new look at the data of crashes in recent years is presented at the level crossings of Iran. In this study, the specifications of 240 authorized passageways in Iran and the crash data used in these passages have been used. Using these data and using the negative binomial model, the frequency of accidents occurred in each of the level crossings. It should be noted that the data used in this study are related to crashes of the Iranian level crossings in the period between 2009 and 2014. The results of this study indicate the importance of factors such as average daily traffic (ADT), type of road pavement, interstate or interstate location and the speed of trains in the frequency of highway crossings.

The most important courses are the ones that are taught and the one that is taught and the ones that are taught are the ones that work for each other, in order to make the most profit.In our research, it can be seen that all sorts of solutions are one of the solutions, but the concept of skewness should be considered in the future as well. In the first twenty-first of the first fifty years of 2019, the stock market is given as an example..Evolution is also a model in which the future potential of stocks is predicted by the multilayer perceptron neural network with several scenarios, including the prediction of the stock price time series method itself or the prediction of the impact of factors influencing stock price changes. The results show that the models presented in this article, compared to traditional methods, provide investors with and achieve the optimal formation of the portfolio by selecting the appropriate shares of companies.

Alzheimer's disease is an age-related ailment that affects more and more people every day. It is a type of amnesia with brain dysfunction that gradually degrades the patient's mental abilities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training with royal jelly consumption on dopamine in the hippocampus tissue of Alzheimer's rats treated with trimethyltin. In this experimental study, 30 rats underwent intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/kg trimethyltin (TMT) chloride and after ensuring Alzheimer's disease were divided into groups of 6 subjects: control, training, royal jelly consumption, and training with royal jelly consumption. In order to investigate the effects of Alzheimer's induction on dopamine levels, 6 rats were included in the healthy control group. The training groups ran on the treadmill for eight weeks, five sessions a week, and 60 minutes each session. The royal jelly consumption groups received 100 mg/kg royal jelly per day peritoneally for eight weeks. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s mean comparison tests were used to analyze the findings (p≤0.05). Alzheimer's induction with trimethyltin toxin had a significant effect on reducing dopamine gene expression levels (p=0.04); royal jelly, training, and training with royal jelly consumption had a significant effect on increasing dopamine gene expression levels (p=0.001). Also, training and training with royal jelly consumption had a greater effect on increasing dopamine gene expression levels than royal jelly consumption (p=0.001). Although training and royal jelly consumption improve dopamine gene expression levels in the hippocampus tissue of rats with Alzheimer's disease, the effects of training combined with royal jelly consumption appear to be greater than those of royal jelly consumption alone.

Factors affecting social health, especially in young adults, are among the most important research priorities. Knowledge of social factors affecting young adults’ health will lead to understand them in the social context. The present study is aimed to explain the perspective of young adults on social factors affecting health.

In the present qualitative content analysis study, semi‑structured open interviews were conducted through targeted sampling of young volunteersaged 18–30 who were selected from Tehran Province. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. The inclusion criteria for participants were willingness to participate in the study and ability to express their personal experiences. Twenty‑one data were collected through collection was done with individual in‑depth interviews.

Using this qualitative approach, the present study was conducted to identify factors affecting social health from the perspective of young adults.The analysis led to the extraction of three main categories, each with two or three subcategories: expectations regarding the community, expectations regarding the family, and expectations regarding infrastructures.

Our fndings shown that social support considered as effective elements in providing social health of young adults. The evidence on controlling factors should be considered in promoting the social health of specifc target groups. The results of the present study could be used for better planning of interventions in youth social health domains.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of mortality in advanced countries today. Fibrinogen and resistin are two important markers of inflammation that predict atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight-week aerobic training and two weeks of detraining on the levels of resistin and fibrinogen in elderly men. 

22 inactive elderly men were selected from nursing homes and randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 11. The experimental group performed an aerobic exercise with 55% to 70% of maximum heart rate for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 30-45 minutes in each session. Then they stopped their training for two weeks. In the entire study period, the control group performed their daily activities only. Blood samples were taken before, after the eighth and tenth weeks. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, repeated ANOVA and Bonferron's post hoc test were used to analyze of the data (p≤0.05). 

There was no significant difference in the level of resistin (p = 0.40) and fibrinogen (p = 0.95) changes in the control group in the first, eighth and tenth weeks. However, the levels of resistin (p = 0.01) and fibrinogen (p = 0.001) in the experimental group were significantly lower in the 8th weeks than in the control group. Fibrinogen levels in the 10th weeks were significantly higher than the eighth weeks (p = 0.001). 

It appears that eight weeks of aerobic training led to a significant reduction in the resistin and fibrinogen in older men. However, after two weeks of detraining, the levels of reduced fibrinogen increased again.

The natriuretic pituitary is secreted from the heart and research has shown that exercise training affect these peptides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks endurance, resistance and combination training on natriuretic peptides. A total of 36 students with a mean age of 25/36 ± 2/52 and BMI of 23/479 ± 0/959 were randomly divided into 4 groups: endurance (9 subjects), resistance (9 subjects), combination (9 subjects) and control (9 subjects) were divided. Subjects: Exercise, resistance, combination for 8 weeks and 4 sessions per week. The endurance group performed the program for 25 to 40 minutes and 65 to 85 percent of the maximum heart rate (HRmax) for each session, The resistance group was 50 percent one repetition (1-RM) and The combined group performed 2 sessions of endurance training and 2 sessions of resistance training each week. Blood samples were taken from subjects before and 48 hours after the test to measure ANP and NTproBNP hormones. T-test, one way ANOVA and LSD follow-up were used for data analysis using SPSS19 software. (Significance α≤0/05). Endurance training has a significant effect on ANP decrease (p≥0/05), however, there is no significant effect on BNP (P≤0/05); endurance training compared to resistance and combination has a greater effect on ANP reduction, as well as resistance training and The combination has no significant effect on ANP and BNP (p≤0/05). It seems that endurance training has a better effect on natriuretic peptides than resistance and combined exercises.

Development of downstream operations in the Iran's petroleum industry has always been considered as a necessity in to create more value-added. One of ways to accomplish the misson, especially in the current situation, is exploiting the capacity of petroleum startups. Considering that these companies need to be valued for financing, and since the traditional valuation methods do not provide efficiency, identification of valuation drivers for these startups as the main objective of research is an important step towards creating common literature between investors and venture capital company in order to use qualitative methods of valuation and facilitate financing process. The present study seeks to examine the influential factors affecting the valuation of petroleum startups in Iran. To this end, after reviewing theoretical foundations and interviewing with some experts and venture capitalists, environmental (contingent) effective factors were identified. Then a questionnaire was developed and distributed over statistical sample. The empirical findings revealed that the business team, size of the opportunity, marketing, sales & partner's channels, competitive environment, product power and the intellectual properties, time for idea implementation, investment rounds, as well as laws and regulations, have the most explanatory power in the valuation of Iranian petroleum startups, respectively. We provided some suggestions and policy implications in this regard.

The present study attempts to develop a model for auditor independence, according to the grounded theory, in which auditors, owners, and supervisors can identify the identified factors, provide the necessary tools in order to improve the independence of auditors and the quality of audit and the quality of economic decisions. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were used by experts in the audit profession to collect data from the research. The results of the research show that the quality of human resources, the lack of influence of the client on the auditor, the lack of financial dependence on the client, the quality of the distribution of audits, the rotation of the audit firms, the quality of audit fees, the amount of competitive atmosphere in the audit profession, the observance of professional rules and supervision of the circumstances are the affecting factors on audit independence. Also, the interventionist conditions include the professional competence of the audit firms, the quality of the client's request for audit services, and the level of awareness of the stakeholders from the audit profession and the underlying conditions including legislative, executive and regulatory characteristics, economic characteristics and cultural characteristics in the community and the audit profession.

Introduction and Aims: Type, intensity and duration of exercise, determining the effect of exercise on haematological indexes. The aim of this study was comparison of the effects of acute moderate-and high-intensity aerobic exercise on some hematological parameters and exercise-induced thrombocytosis in female college futsal players. Eleven female futsal player of Jahrom University who had at least six months futsal training, voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects, runs on the track and field piste for 30 min at 65 % maximal heart rate in first week and in second week run with 80% maximal Heart rate. Blood was drawn immediately before and after exercise. The results showed that blood platelets (P=0.02), hematocrit (P=0.001), the mean corpuscular volume (P=0.01) was significantly increased after moderate-intensity exercise. Also, blood platelets (P=0.001), the mean corpuscular volume (P=0.01) increased significantly and hemoglobins (P=0.001), and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values (P=0.001), was significantly reduced after high intensity exercise. There was significant difference in hemoglobins (P=0.007), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P=0.004) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P=0.002) values between moderate-and high-intensity exercise. Based on the findings of this study, acute exercise with different intensity can have a significant effect on some blood parameters in female futsal academic.

Factors affecting lifestyle become one of the most priorities of the research feld, especially in adolescents and youth. Using a qualitative approach, this study aimed to understand what factors are affecting young people’s healthy lifestyle.
Using the conventional content analysis, and used the semi‑structured in‑depth interviews, we conducted a qualitative study to elicit the youth opinion considering their lifestyle affecting factors. Initially, purposeful sampling method was considered for data collection. Participants were selected from volunteered youths 18–30 years whom were selected from the Tehran city. Inclusion criteria for the participants were; (a) willingness to participate in the study, and (b) ability to express experiences.
According to fndings, although the majority of participants agreed on the important role of lifestyle related behaviors in their healthy life, the lack of essential motivation and the pressure of educational assignments remove it from their daily program priorities. The most important barrier to observing the healthy lifestyle was expressed as; the acceptance of the concept by the individual and the social and economic potential of the individual. It was also suggested that practical interventions should focus on improving more participator engagement of all of the related stakeholders.
We proposed the participatory strategies for youth healthy lifestyle promotion. Through which based on a specifc needs the assessment of different target groups, designing, development, and implementation of health programs led to more effective interventions.