seyed zia hashemi

Cooperatives can provide a fertile ground for economic, cultural and social development in society. Considering the frequency and variety of research conducted on the cooperatives success in Iran, it seems necessary to conduct combined research such as meta-analysis in this area. The question of the present study is that in the conducted research, what factors have the greatest impact on the cooperatives success in Iranian society? This research has been done by meta-analysis method. The statistical population of the study was all valid scientific researches (including articles, research projects and dissertations) that were published in the years 2001 to 2020 with the subject of the cooperatives success. Based on the criteria for entering and exiting studies, 54 studies were selected and analyzed with comprehensive CMA2 meta-analysis software. Findings showed that in the reviewed research, independent variables are placed in four categories: social, economic, managerial and structural-legal. In the social category, the variables of social trust and member participation with the effect of 0.66 and 0.43, respectively, have the greatest impact on the success of cooperatives. In the management category, the variables of relations and cooperation of cooperatives as well as the background of members and managers have the greatest impact on the cooperatives success with the effect of 0.45 and 0.36, respectively. In the economic category, the variable of cooperative capital with an effect size of 0.33 has the greatest impact on the cooperatives success. The most impact of the structural-legal category variables are: knowledge and awareness about cooperatives and the performance of the regional cooperative administration with an effect size of 0.49 and 0.40, respectively. The final model derived from the research results showed that first structural-legal factors and then social factors can play an important role in other factors and finally the cooperatives success.

Behavioral abnormalities can be seen in all societies, but depending on the conditions of society, their type, extent and severity are different. The increase in behavioral abnormalities among students on the one hand indicates the onset of the abnormality at a young age and on the other hand indicates its continuation in the future, which will ultimately jeopardize the foundations of society. Therefore, identifying the contexts, causes and consequences of injuries and common social deviations among students need to be explained and refined. Using meta-analysis method, this article has selected 25 scientific-research articles that were written in Iran from 1378 to 1398 and has reviewed and evaluated them based on methodological and theoretical indicators. According to the research findings, the four most common social deviations among students are: violence, addiction, sexual perversion and suicide. This article also categorizes and analyzes the factors affecting the tendency of students to these injuries and compares the findings with the results of foreign research on these injuries.

Development of online social networks in recent years and creation of more ease for accessing to these networks via smart phones, has influenced people’s culture especially young people who use these networks daily. Among these networks, Twitter has different role because its access is prohibited in Iran and also many of its users have anonymous activity in it. So it creates an environment that users can talk in it more freely or as Hirschi says, there is less social control on these users. The lower social control in Twitter, may increase the amount of vulgar contents in it. So, understanding the role of Twitter in using vulgar contents as an abnormal behavior, is important for assessing the normative effects of using Twitter on its users. In this study, the content of Tweeter, from 1388 to 1396, is analyzed by using keyword-based data mining and descriptive-statistical method. Findings from data mining on 82 million tweets show that users have increasingly tweeted vulgar contents in early years of using Twitter in Iran. However, since 1392, the rate of using these contents have been relatively constant, and only 3 to 4 percent of all tweets have had vulgar contents. Therefore, in contrary to the first hypothesis, Twitter has not eliminated the obscenity of vulgar content. The reason can be the development of new values in this virtual community and the increase of social control, which is the result of more tweeting with real names and badges.

Abstract Socio-spatial segregation is considered as one of the most important challenges for the cities and different approaches to it have led to various theories in this regard. The concept of socio-spatial segregation in cities is one of the most important and influential factors involved in the formation and separation of various social groups in cities. It has increased various types of deprivation in developing cities. The high level of segregation in different parts of the city can exaggerate the poverty and the deprivations caused by it, including the lack of job opportunities, public services and severe discrimination, associated with increased crime rate. In addition, with increasing the intra-class contacts and reducing the inter-class contacts, it will diminish the role of the middle classes. Identifying influential factors in development of social-spatial segregation through various ideas is the main aim of this article to achieve which, descriptive-analytical method has been used. Using qualitative research method and comparative analysis method, the present study aims to extract and classify the concepts, views, theories and definitions on segregation. Finally, by examining the historical course of the theories, it aims to introduce the factors that are involved in segregation in the five main groups and extract the segregation indicators. The results of these studies indicate that five economic, socio-cultural, physical, political and urban management factors are effective in spatial-social segregation, and the views stated in this article have been classified based on these five factors. Keywords: Socio-spatial segregation, spatial imbalance, inequality, social class, competition, social solidarity.

The present article seeks to explore the sociological factors affecting social demand for doctoral studies. In order to achieve this goal, a quantitative survey method and a questionnaire tool have been used. The statistical population of the study is all students of Ph.D. in Tehran, which is in the academic year 2015-2016, which is equal to 20956 people. The statistical sample was performed using a probabilistic stratified sampling method. In this way, 364 people were selected as samples from different universities. The research findings indicate that by applying the regression test and Pearson correlation coefficient among the five hypotheses, four hypotheses were confirmed. with the comparison of the part effects of squares, it was observed that the value system with part squared (0.226) had the highest share in explaining social demand for continuing postgraduate studies. Subsequently, in terms of having the largest share in the explanation of the dependent variable, the variables of social change (0.127), the motivation to improve the job status (0.052), social pressure (0.038) and ultimately extension policies for higher education (0.015) are respectively. Finally, the total squared of the part effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable of the model is 0.458, meaning that about 0.46 of the changes in social demand for studying in the PhD are explained by the set of independent variables of the research. Key Words: Social Demand, Ph.D., Value System, Social Change, Motivation for Improving Job Status, Social Pressure, and Expansion Policy.

of that society. In any society, due to various reasons some citizens do not observe the regulations. The situation wherein regulations are not observed by citizens is called anomic situation. In fact, disregarding law is some sort of anomic situation wherein social regulations are not observed due to some reasons. Disregarding law as a social problem leaves harmful impacts on various realms. To that effect, while stressing Dorqim theory, the present research analyzes law disregarding behavior and viewpoint of citizens. The research is of survey type, and the under study population is citizens of Tehran. N= selected through multi-layer sampling. A selfmade questionnaire is used for lecting information. SPSS and Amos are used for analyzing information at two levels: descriptive and deductive. In order to review disregarding law, it has been divided into two parts: subjective (orientation), and objective (behavior); and has reviewed the relationship between independent variables from the two aspects. Having reviewed the context variables, it came out that there is significant and reverse relationship between age, education, and economic situation; and the two aspects of breaking law .The impact of the whole main variables of the research on the dependent variable are: supposition of individualism in the society extremist individualismreligious commitment,absence of religious regulations legitimacy, inequality in law enforcementconsidering law as improper).These variables along with subjective law-breaking account for percent of changes in main dependent variable of the research ( objective law breaking). This is while the impact of these variables (except considering law as improper) on subjective law sregarding is The results indicate that individuals› law breaking vision is stronger than their law breaking behavior, because disregarding law could always cost something.

This article seeks to analyze the mechanisms of Iran’s education system, using the critical theories, especially that of Ivan Ilich. First, we discuss the social issues which can be traced to education system’s mechanisms, directly or either indirectly. Then these issues are analyzed through the lens of critical theories, during which the relationship between some traits of the mechanisms of Iran’s education system, its malfunctions and dysfunctions of the system are unraveled. Based on this analysis we propose some solutions to amend the education system. Overwhelming emphasis that the state recruitment system puts on certificates makes people obey the rules of education system blindly in order to gain formal qualifications and certificates. Some traits of education system such as categorizing based on age and certificate, centralized curricular materials, hegemony of specialists, mandatory schooling, long years of education and schooling, and so on, sprang up numerous educational and social problems. The proposed solution is that education system and the state recruitment system must change radically in order to regain efficiency.