جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مدیریت سیاسی" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Political management of space is a process that is done consciously and gives a special order to the political structure of a country. Political management of space in order to organize the territorial territory and effectively use material and spiritual forces to achieve predetermined goals. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection has been done in two types: documentary and field. Smart PLS software was used to analyze the data in this study. The results in the "environmental" dimension showed that the highest average level to the index of "water resources control" with the amount of "3.58", in the "managerial" dimension to the index of "active state of border markets" with the amount of "3.91", in the dimension "Economic" to the index "Development of tourist attractions" with the rate of "3.54", in the dimension of "smuggling control" to the index of "control of fuel smuggling in border areas" with the rate of "3.01", in the dimension of "public participation" to the index of "absorption" Public participation in the identification of "border smugglers" with a rate of "3.54"; In the "social" dimension to the index "control of poverty among residents of border areas" with a value of "3.83", in the dimension of "political and military factors" to the index of "control of illegal movement" with a value of "3.54", in the dimension of "infrastructure" The results of the index "Establishment of power transmission line infrastructure to residents in border areas" with a value of "3.52" and the dimension of "security" showed that the highest average level belonged to the index of "rate of control of military conflicts" with a value of "3.98". Has found.

Speculation and speculative behaviors leave widespread and often destructive effects on the economy. Speculation, on the one hand, strengthens the unproductive part of the economy and, on the other hand, causes undesirable phenomena such as social dissatisfaction, inequality, inflation, etc. Therefore, the correct and efficient economic policies require control over the influential speculation factors. In this research from 1991 to 2022, a multi-stage quantitative method based on econometric models has to be used. Therefore, the indicators of Speculation, economic instability, and political management were first created using the principal component analysis method. Then, the factors affecting Speculation were estimated using the auto-regressive distributed lag. According to the research results, political management hurts Speculation, and by improving the political management index by one unit, the speculation index decreased by approximately 1.052%.Regarding the economic instability index, it is concluded that its effect on Speculation is positive in the long term, and the impact coefficient is estimated to be more than 0.96. In other words, the increase in economic instability leads to the creation of speculative opportunities and increases in Speculation. In the long term, by creating an atmosphere of uncertainty, the opportunities for rent increase in transactions to earn more profit, and thus, market transactions and speculations increase. In the long term, by creating an atmosphere of uncertainty, the opportunities for rent increase in transactions to earn more profit, and thus, market transactions and speculations increase

Companies can reduce their taxes or delay paying them through tax aggressive reporting. Various factors, including Political Management and Managerial efficiency, affect the tax reporting aggressiveness. In this regard, the present study aims to examine the effect of Political Management and Managerial efficiency for tax aggressive reporting as well as moderating effect of Political Management on the relationship between Managerial efficiency and tax aggressive reporting. In order to test the research hypotheses, 123 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2009-2017 were investigated. In order to measure the Political Management, two models of Long - term debts and State - dependent board of directors is used; to measure Managerial efficiency, the Demerjian's model is used; to measure the tax reporting aggressiveness, the difference between declaration and diagnosis tax is used. In this research, correlation and multivariate regression methods with combined data model and generalized least squares estimation method are used. The results show that Political Management has a positive and significant relationship with tax aggressive reporting, but the Managerial efficiency has a negative and significant relationship with it. However, Political Management do not weaken the impact of Managerial efficiency to Tax reporting aggressiveness.

The religious nature of the Islamic Republic system and the role and responsibility of the clergy (as an institution responsible for religion and guardian of Islamic rules and values) entails the necessity of the presence of the clergy in the political, social and administrative spheres. It has always been discussed and disputed from the past until today, and with the emergence of some problems and shortcomings, doubts have been raised about it. Therefore, re-reading the necessity of the political management of the clergy, drawing the needs and harms. A fair analysis of the presence of the clergy in the management fields during the life of the Islamic Republic shows that despite all the obstacles, shortcomings and enmities, the clergy, with the trust of the people and social capital, has been able to survive in various fluctuations and in the face of crises. If the clergy was not present in the political and social fields, perhaps the crises that could make any political system face a serious challenge and even the risk of collapse. Consequently, the transformation of the Islamic identity and the value of the system was not far from expectations.

The purpose of the present study is to present a model to identify and guide managerial potentials and professional qualifications of women to take charge of executive and political responsibility in Khouzestan provincial government. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and it had a practical purpose. The statistical population of the qualitative section included all managers in the province of Khouzestan and the sample of study was chosen purposefully to interview the participants. The statistical population of the quantitative section involved the staff in the industry and mines departments and universities in the province of Khouzestan including 454 members among whom 62 employees were chosen by random sampling. The research tool was a researcher made questionnaire based on the qualitative findings examined in terms of validity and reliability. The coding method was used for data analysis of the qualitative section and in the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis by SPSS was applied. According to the obtained results, 5 main components including professional knowledge, professional qualification, professional ability, professional attitude, and professional features were identified as the most important managerial potentials and qualifications of women to take charge of executive and political responsibility in Khouzestan provincial government. Furthermore, communication knowledge with average number of 21.24%, specialized knowledge with the average number of 20.58%, and self-recognition knowledge with the average number of 19.76% were reported to be as the most important managerial potentials and professional qualifications in women.

Investigating the obstacles and limitations of women's activity in the management at the macro-level of the country is one of the most important components in increasing women's participation in decision-making and policy-making. The main question is "What factors and characteristics cause the current exclusion of women in policy making?" In response to this question, several researches investigated the current situation of women's presence in government institutions and the three powers, especially the cabinet (council of ministers) and the Islamic Parliament). But the generality of these studies have not been able to reveal the impact of political trends with regard to the political structure of the country and the complexity of its political and cultural aspects due to focusing too much on identifying the obstacles of "the moment of women's entry" into major political positions. The present study examines the causes and factors affecting the limitations of women's activism after entering and assuming the political management of macro levels, in two political spectrums, reformist and fundamentalist. To clarify the matter, this study used the views and opinions of women who had direct experience of being in political management positions, including Cabinet (the council of ministers) and Islamic Parliament of Iran. The factors and limitations of political-managerial activism were identified and explained by adopting the semi-structured interview method and qualitative data analysis through thematic analysis.The limitations and obstacles of political management, according to the direct experience of political elite women, include a wide range of structural, cultural, political, social, and religious limitations, which refer to Intra-sex, extra-sex, and trans-sex restrictions. As explained in this article, these limitations are: Multiplicity of roles, women's social passivity, not welcoming women's capabilities, lack of education or professional political experience, lack of holistic attitude, psychological weaknesses, formal appointment of women, weakness in culturalization in the family, lack of access to support networks, glass ceiling, high cost of paying to women's issues, the masculinity of the power structure, limited communication with other male colleagues, the influence of ideological and combative dimensions, the connection of women's issues with religion, security and data information, intra-gender conflicts, lack of staffing and finally political factional competitions.The different reception of women in two political spectrums is one of the most important points of difference among the participants in identifying the limitations and facing the obstacles of political activism during tenure. Fundamentalist participants believe that generally the limitations and obstacles to women's political management are an intra-gender issue, and women are fully responsible for it. There is no need to condemn the society or political-cultural structures, what is important is the lack of necessary will, the lack of professional training in politics, the inability to manage the conflict of roles and a set of psychological-functional characteristics in women. Therefore, women themselves should be able to overcome these obstacles and limitations that are sometimes self-imposed limitations.While, according to the reformist participants, identifying the limitations and obstacles of women's activism remains incomplete without emphasizing the role of the cultural and social structures of the society and the hidden patriarchy in it. From this point of view, extra-sex factors and male structures play a stronger role in creating restrictions on women's political management compared to intra-sex issues. As seen, these factors include a wide range of issues, such as masculinity as the basis of valuations, lack of an informal power network, glass ceiling, refusal to accept positions, severe withholding of information and imbalance in women's issues.According to the results of the qualitative analysis extracted from the semi-structured interview data of 6 women politicians at the macro levels of political management, despite the difference in political attitudes, it is possible to find commonalities between women politicians on both sides of reformism and fundamentalism. The most important thing in common, from the point of view of the participants of the two political spectrums, is the small number of women in the major positions of political management, who seem to have mostly a symbolic presence. It often happens that the main stream of politics is interested in these women with the aim of their theatrical or instrumental presence. At this level of political management, the minimal presence of women can be a tool for political spectrums to advance political goals. Also, the symbolic presence of women at macro levels may end up in a way that ultimately prevents the realization of women's requests and demands. Perhaps it is a form of removing the responsibility from men of the political spectrum so that they don't spend time and money to respond to women's demands, and consider these demands mainly as demands within the women's group or gender demands specific to women, and not as demands arising from the society that They need planning, decision-making and policy making. In such a situation, the lack of familiarity of female managers with the obstacles and limitations in macro-political management reduces the possibility of conscious action and independent action from the political values of the two ruling factions. Therefore, intensifying the political differences of women, the political elite spends time and energy on political goals, which will not bring useful results for correct identification, reforming the relevant affairs, follow-up and resolution of women's issues.

Marginalization is a social phenomenon that along with its spread, we are witnessing an increase in insecurity, delinquency, crime, etc. in society. Marginalization has always been of interest to urban political managers by affecting social security, especially by providing the necessary context for crime. It should be said that if the subject is not important, the society will be in crisis in various economic, social, cultural and political fields. Because the margins always threaten the text. Insecurity in the margins will naturally affect the text as well. An insecure society will not develop at all. Therefore, the prerequisite for development in various fields of human, social, cultural, economic and political, is the same category of social security that needs to be analyzed comprehensively. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of marginalization on citizens' sense of social security by descriptive-analytical method. The results show that marginalized people may threaten the security of citizens due to the young population, poverty, job instability, low education, lack of recreational facilities, poor health, confusion and depression. Marginalization disturbs public order and security due to incoherence and solidarity with the urban community with increasing social harm. Therefore, city managers and those in charge of maintaining public security should reduce security costs and the destructive effects of marginalization by emphasizing issues such as education, propaganda, building trust, social participation and, most importantly, economic and political development.

This study aims to examine the fire defense strategies in political management to combat soft war from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. In this regard, using thematic analysis tools, arbitrary fire defense strategies in political management to combat soft war in the intellectual-political system of the Supreme Leader based on three ontological, epistemological and methodological approaches were studied. The process of the Supreme Leader's optional method of firing on the subject of political management to counter the soft war in the first place is the correct knowledge of the enemy and his plans; If the enemy is not accurately identified in this area, then the necessary and appropriate defensive and offensive measures will not be taken. The next step in the fight against arrogance of power is readiness because victory in combat will be achieved when the forces are sufficiently prepared to confront the enemy and its plans. Ultimately, the requirement of faith is the presence of the believer in the combat, a necessity that, if fulfilled, according to the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, the arrogant will not be able to defeat this nation and the revolution.

The purpose of the present study is to review the requirements of ethnic policymaking and management in order to achieve national integrity and enhance the efficiency of the Islamic Republic of Iran with respect to the existing structures and factors. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and it aims to find an answer to this main question: What are the most important requirements of ethnic policymaking in Iran with regard to its centralized unitary structure of government? The results show that it is through considering the requirements of policymaking in terms of optimal management of the realm of the country and its inhabitants that the best method for implementing policies can be selected. This issue can ultimately lead to using the potentials of natural and human geography that guarantee national security and achievement of national goals. Furthermore, having a systematic approach, paying attention to the cultural geography of the country, and balanced development are among some other requirements of ethnic policymaking. Considering these needs and paying attention to the influential components in management of ethnic varieties have a positive impact on the efficiency of the Islamic republic of Iran and display its practical effectiveness in performing its duties toward the citizens' expectations.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of political management of managers in Sistan and Baluchestan province on their participatory political culture. The method of this research is quantitative in terms of dealing with data, and the research is conducted by survey method, and data collection is done by questionnaire. The statistical population in this study includes all political managers of the Ministry of Interior working in (including governorates, governorates, districts, etc.) of Sistan and Baluchestan province, which based on the information collected, the total number is 168 people, all of whom All the required information has been collected. Therefore, the sample size in this study is equal to the total size of the statistical population of 168 people. As mentioned in this study, the counting method has been used to collect data. In the present study, non-random sampling and purposive sampling were used and the reason for using this type of sampling method was due to the limited statistical population and sample size. In order to assess the validity or validity of the research tool, apparent validity was used. The collected data were also analyzed by SPSS software. The results at the descriptive level showed that the managers of the province were in a relatively favorable position in terms of political management and were at a relatively high level in all aspects of political management, including political behavior, decision-making nature, perception of the environment and personality of managers. But regarding the participatory political culture

The different sects of Islam, both theological and jurisprudential sects, are different because of their particular rules, and this has led them to have different views, to the extent that they sometimes conflict because of the differences in basics and it is very difficult to integrate them. Particularly in the case of the government and the society, which, of course, after the death of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), it has become more controversial, but at the same time, considering the views of scholars of different Islamic schools carefully, their points of agreement can be reached. Therefore, the existence of the Islamic state after the death of the Prophet (PBUH), the subjugation of the ruler of society to such features as justice and knowledge of the law, the attendance and no separation between religion and politics, the duty of governor in establishment of justice in the society and implementation of religious regula11tions and leading the government to establish a civil society by the promised leadership (Mahdism) in the end time (resurrection) are among the most common of Islamic sects and religions, although there are disagreements in their details.

Urban political management is an interdisciplinary field of political sciences, sociology, management and geography. At the view of critical theories, Euclidean approach practices replaced civil actors in their political context, selectively. Outcome of this process is the inability in representation of complex and heterogeneous spaces in a network-relational space of the city and sophisticated problems of it. Euclidean perspective is categorized, disjunctive and separated and it seeks decreasing, and reductionism. But, post-structuralism theory in which combined with the approach of ecology wants to include the city in the set of all combinations and entities until to maintain from the whole human– natural realities, simultaneously. The methodology study of is analytical-descriptive and its hypothesis is that is seems the political construction space of cities is Indispensable for to meet with complexities of urban contemporary heterogeneous environment by using of the different politics approach. The low-income population migrates to a city, inhabits and lives there. The urban designer has to be familiar with this major community, for if not, the city will be designed and developed as an alien city for the majority of the community that live there. The low-income community comes from the rural area and has their own worldview, a Cosmo-centric ontology (the worldview that humans have been ruled by an external superpower), entering the city with recent development in the modern paradigm and modern ontology. This different ontological foundation plays as the root of a wider and wider gap as time goes by and the population grows larger and larger.

The methodology of this study is descriptive-analytical and the required information has been collected through library research. The information was gathered from sources such as books, magazines, online articles, newspapers, etc.

Postmodernism is presented as an anti-Modern movement seeking to escape from everything that had so far represented modernity: negativity, contradiction and contrasts. However, there are times when it is difficult to overcome this established solution. Postmodern architecture is understood as the culmination of a social and technological transformation. In this way, the individual moves to a new city, understood by means of expression of the society that had until then inhabited the empty and meaningless buildings of the Modern Movement and the International Style. Over time, the International Style was outpaced with the help of architects who sought freedom from the rigid dictates of this school. Buildings somehow abandoned the slavish adherence limits to modernist geometry, replacing it with new designs (for instance, a return to external decoration). Instead of symbolically encountering the surrounding landscape constructed with rectangular buildings, in the Postmodernity, we observe buildings with protruding corners, a number of different levels and substantially more ornamentation on the outside. The planning of the city, according to the Modern Movement encouraged the spatial segregation of social functions, the death of suburban sidewalks and the city’s grid system. Instead of that, the new Postmodern urbanists aspired to integrate previously separate elements. They conceived a more relevant urban life for the visitor, guiding neighborhoods to gain easy access to all transport service. The promoters of this style were “anti-modernists” in their belief – society should return to a more community and environment-friendly model. For instance, some traditional designed elements of houses, such as porches and sidewalks, were remarkably favored in order to allow people to socialize, closing ties with the community.Post-modernism succeed thanks to a willingness to change, with the aim of creating a new expression. This manifestation was not only artistic but also cultural, which, in return, will bring a new and contradictory changing aesthetic experience that seeks to represent contemporary society. The creation of the Postmodern city primarily depends on the association between symbols and signs, and which follow the demand of society itself. Postmodern cities are not intended to accommodate the individual, but instead, aim to distract the society. The succession of different Postmodern, dream-like, unreal spaces distract society, making them believe that individuals are living in a utopia created in their image and likeness. It will be necessary, in turn, associate all these representative symbols of Postmodern ideology –architectural materialization itself– in order to meet the basic objective of these constructions, that is, to create a city that conforms an image of Postmodern culture.During Postmodernism the desire to create larger cities grows, impersonal and empty of architectural content, but which, in turn, can be fully identifiable by individuals through symbols and images. In order to value Postmodern cities and put them in open relation to the society that rules them, it is necessary to understand the symbols, signs and icons that appear in the viewer’s eyes. Thus, the architects of these cities work from these symbols to construct a new architectural representation for the city. It is, therefore, an urban framework, set by the signs given by the company itself and the new socio-cultural claims. Hence, Post-modernism refers to the problem of container, empty and meaningless buildings, as a problem of the Modern Movement and the International Style, rather than Postmodernism itself. The latter gives character to these flat and soulless buildings, providing them with a new character without resorting to actual architectural elements, but filling them instead with representative signs of our society.

There is, therefore, a desire to create a city almost as a “Postmodern carnality”, as it does not seek to solve the problems of the individual who inhabits it. Its aim is not to be functional. Its willing is to create the illusion of a city, a scenario that represents a proper city. Sociologists and architects called it “city fiction”, falsifying the individual to the most extraordinary level. Time and space are presented as basic issues when developing an urban space. Thus, we might speak of urban space as temporary – corresponding to the memory and previous experiences of the individual. For the same reason, spatial models are built by memory elements.

Some people contend that Imam Khomeini was not familiar with the modern era and the world and that he had no plans for development and prosperity. Nevertheless, by studying the leadership approaches adopted by him during the period he was the leader of the Islamic revolution, one can find that Imam Khomeini attached great importance to development and prosperity, making use of a realistic political plan and model for leadership based on religious principles in order to lead people to attaining Islamic and revolutionary ideals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate "the cultural barriers to women 's access to macro - political management in the country. The theoretical framework of the research was designed using the theories of Huntington, Melbourne and Goel, Lipstedt, Dal, Pie, Welch, Tischler, Golombok and Feu. The research method is survey and it is explanatory, applied, exponent, micro and cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this study consisted of full-time faculty members (other than medical sciences) of Islamic Azad State and Tehran Universities. The sample size was 382 individuals. Data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient were 0.78. The results show that there is an effective relationship between cultural barriers and women's access to macro political management. The regression test showed that the research variables were able to predict about 42% of the total dependent variable (women's access to macro-political management in the country). Among the effective cultural barriers, women did not believe in their ability to restrain themselves with regression coefficient 0.403, patriarchal culture variable with regression coefficient 0.338, political culture variable with regression coefficient 0.189, and dominant cultural patterns and gender stereotypes with regression coefficient. 0.168, respectively, had the highest regression effect on the dependent variable (women's access to macro-political management in the country).

The desirable perfection of every national government is the integrated nation, so that all belong to the national identity of the nation as well as are faithful to it. This objective will be achieved only through appropriate policy and management. Countries which have different ethnic groups should take step towards creating convergence as well as maintaining the territorial integrity for decision-making as well as planning in various political, economic, and social areas through adopting appropriate policies on ethnic groups as well as respecting their plurality of ethnic groups. The research aims to evaluate the patterns of Iranian ethnic management as well as conducting comprehensive study for the deduction of previous studies results. For this purpose, the meta-analysis method was used. To perform this meta-analysis, 127 articles from 761 scientific-research papers which met the criteria for entering the meta-analysis were selected as well as necessary information was obtained with a reverse questionnaire. Findings of the meta-analysis of the articles show that "the disparate development, especially in the economic dimension and social-political inequality, political and ideological encounter with the relatives, non-observance of the law of relatives, cultural control of the ethnics, authoritarian methods, the intervention of foreigners, the bureaucratic government and centralization as well as the emphasis on national identity more than ethnic identity were considered as the main factors of failure to succeed ethnic politics. On the other hand, "emphasis on social interests, political participation of ethnics, the status of ethnics in (gaining) power, respecting language and customs, use of ethnic elites, the various texture of Iranian ethnic groups, and balancing as well as reconciliation between national and ethnic affiliations have been taken into consideration as the strengths of patterns of ethnic policies. Furthermore it has been attempted to regulate and manage these patterns in which cannot be conflicted with the cohesion of the national community as well as ethnic coexistence can be created based on protecting ethnic groups' rights as well as maintaining territorial integrity through accepting the diversity of ethnic groups as a social reality also reaching peaceful government-ethnic interactions.

The spatial arrangement of the elements of the spatial organization will lead to sustainable development, if it considers three main components of the environment, economic growth, and social development, with emphasis on human-centeredness. In order to identify imbalances and balances in spatial distribution, it is very important to use appropriate methods that have the ability to combine various indicators into the spatial organization. The purpose of this study was to determine the strategic factors affecting the political management of the Arak township spaces through library and field studies in the first stage and, secondly, the ranking of these factors based on their importance and their impact through the Analytical hierarchy process for the proper management of geographical spaces of the Arak Township. This study is a descriptive approach based on nature and is applied developmental based on the goal. The research method is descriptive-analytic and library, internet, and interviewing materials are used for gathering information. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique have been used for weighing the factors.

After determining the importance of each of the factors, The existence of suitable business development Potentials with cargo and passenger terminals and the international exhibition site in Arak, Unstable exploitation and overcapacity of natural and environmental resources, existence of target markets, especially in neighboring countries, market failure and unpredictability of some agricultural production support policies were recognized as the most important internal and external factors of the township.