جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « structuralism » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Kowlivaareh is a collection of sixteen modern sonnets written by Simin Behbahaani, published in "Dasht Arjan" in 1362. While reading, the readers confront with a series of narratives by the main structure of dialogue; Therefore, the authors of this article have investigated and analyzed the conversational language of this collection. It's required to mention that the investigation and analysis of the conversational language in the narration is based on the theories of the structuralists, in which the linguistic elements involved in the conversation such as words, compounds, pronouns, tone, propositions Dialogue, literary elements in dialogue relations and the function of dialogue are examined and analyzed. In this article, the linguistic structure of Simin Behbahaani's Kowlivaarehaa has been investigated and the authors have found new and considerable results regarding the innovations of this great contemporary poet in modern sonnets. The function of dialogue in Simin Behbahaani's Kowlivaarehaa is carried out in the form of "reflection of the poet's inner states, description of the current situation and the demand for the desired situation" and the poet in these sixteen narratives, the Kowli - who is a symbol of she, herself and every free woman and man she calls for trying to build a better society.

Structuralist sociology is a theoretical approach to understanding social systems and structures that shape social concepts and behaviors. This type of sociology is an attempt to use models and theories to explain and develop the systems and structures of society, which are planned based on modeling and modeling. Sociological study of Masnavi anecdotes, since it is an overview of how to interpret and react to various events and phenomena of society members, it can provide valid and acceptable criticisms and analyzes about the society of the time of its creation. give effect By using different patterns and diagrams and criticism and analysis based on these patterns and models, as well as by analyzing Masnavi anecdotes, based on the mentioned patterns and models, the possibility of comprehensive understanding of behavior And the reaction of society members to various issues is provided. This sociological study can help to identify the underlying causes behind certain behaviors and reactions as well as their effects on social dynamics. In addition, it can provide insight into how different social systems interact with each other, helping to make more informed decisions about how best to manage social institutions. Among the actions and reactions of people in society that affect people's interactions in different social situations, is the belief in absolute determinism or complete authority in doing daily life affairs. From the examination of the six notebooks of the Masnavi, it was concluded that the above issue is complex and controversial and somewhat inseparable.

The noun of Tafzil is one of the most important items in the grammar and rhetorical rules of Arabic literature, which has been used and used frequently in religious texts. This name is used in many cases in the wisdom of Nahj al- Balagha, in its essence and purpose, that is, superiority between two or more things, but there are other cases that are used other than its meaning, and to analyze its function, in addition to considering the point that The adjective in question is one of the adjectives that are made from the verb being discriminated on the weight of the "verb" or it is a hybrid adjective style that uses one of the words asd, akstar, akal, etc. , along with the infinitive of the verb. The target is presented in a distinct format; One should pay attention to the different syntactic structure of each application; That the word in which the noun Tafzil is not used and is used together with "I" is Tafziliye. Either it is added to a noun like Nakrah or Ma'arifa, or the noun Tafzil is added with "al", in which case it is often used as an adjective for the noun before it, and it seems that it does not have its own meaning of Tafzil. From the above aspects, one of the most important ways to discover the intended meaning of Imam Ali's speech is in Nahj al-Balagha. This research, using the analytical descriptive method, based on the syntactic and rhetorical rules of the noun Tafzil, while stating the rules related to the noun Tafzil and its different cases, investigated the case of some wisdoms of Nahj al-Balagha and according to the structural analysis and meaning of the noun Tafzil, its expression in the translation of this wisdom. It expresses and reviews the translations as well. The result is that: in many cases, due to its structure, this noun loses its special meaning and is used in a meaning other than its original meaning, which requires applying the rules and points related to it.

Asli and Karam are among the Turkish oral love stories that have been popular among the people of Iran, Caucasus, Central Asia and Asia Minor. The action of discourse, space creation, characterization, which are interconnected with the plot of this oral story shows its coherent narrative structure. Today, narratology is one of the most influential and successful fields under structuralism. In this research, we have analyzed the narrative chains, action pattern and semantic square in the main story of Asli and Karam throug qualitative and quantitative analysis using library and documentary methods and based on Grimas's theory of narratology. Our findings show that this story has a consistent plot, and six components of Grimas' narratological action model have a meaningful match with the narrative components in it.

Antique objects, known as Luristan bronzes, were introduced in scientific societies from 1928 onwards through antique markets, these ancient objects were found in the central Zagros plains. these objects were got from the areas in central Zagros and western Iran. Based on comparative methods and morphology, most archaeologists have dated this collection to the second half of the first millennium to the first half of the first millennium BC. Because of the combinations of special motifs, they were placed in the showcases of many prestigious museums. One of the attractive motifs of these objects is the motif of the "semi-human horned", which has been studied by researchers since the beginning of the recognition of the concept of this motif. One of the attractive motifs of these objects is the motif of "horned pseudo-human", which has been studied by researchers since the beginning of the recognition of the concept of this motif Some identified the role as belonging to the "God of Sorush" and others as "Gilgamesh" And the other group believes that this motif is a representation of a creature with "lord of animals". In terms of method, the differences in researchers' views are because of the focus and study of each group on individual data and not paying attention to a comprehensive study method on all samples. Based on this situation, a recent study has been conducted on a set of 21 bronzes from Luristan that have the motif of "semi-horned human motif"

Intuition is one of the important aspects of the geometry of religious knowledge and one of the sources of acquiring knowledge. The question of objectivity of associate the mystical experience is one of the basic questions raised in this field. In response to this question, some accepted the theory of essentialism and others believe in structuralism (contextualism). The essentialists consider the associate of mystical experience to be the supreme essence and truth. Proponents of the theory of structuralism, while denying the narration of the mystical experience of a single essence, consider these experiences as a result of a person's culture, belief and intellectual background. Studying and comparing the views of Allameh Tabatabai and Fakhr Razi in the field of realism and objectivity of the associate of the mystical experience is one of the goals and the subject of this article. The study method is descriptive and analytical, relying on their works. The findings of the research show that Allameh Tabatabai, by dividing knowledge into two types of presential knowledge and acquired knowledge and returning the acquired knowledge to presential and accepting the principle of unity of the knower and the known, considered mystical experiences to be the type of acquired and presential knowledge that in both types, Essence experience is realized. From Fakhrazi's view, in the shadow of inner cultivation and self-purification, and reaching mystical states and discoveries, a person reaches a level where he understands the truths with direct knowledge. Therefore, these situations are the experience of the essence and cognitive knowledge. In fact, essentialism is the common feature of Allameh and Fakhr

According to many Iranian analysts, this country was caught in the abuse of this situation by the Chinese side in its relations with China during the sanctions period. The Chinese also believe that they have stood by the sanctions and their friendship with Iran as much as possible and have paid a lot of costs in front of the international environment and the West. Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the People's Republic of China, while having very favorable capacities in relation to each other's needs, also have challenges in the political, economic, and cultural fields, and these challenges are the subject of our analysis in this article. . In this research, we have examined the challenges of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the People's Republic of China in the form of a geopolitical theoretical framework, with the approach of cultural geopolitical effects on the foreign policy of the two countries, and with the method of applied research and qualitative analysis, and we have drawn conclusions. We believe that it is necessary for the Islamic Republic of Iran to pay more attention to cultural and civilizational patterns in its diplomacy towards China, as well as through dialogue, holding joint think-tank meetings, strengthening scientific diplomacy and extensive elite relations between thinkers and politicians. And the professors of the two countries will make the mentality of both sides closer and more understandable so that the challenges reviewed in this article will be solved and the relations between the two countries will be smooth and deeper.

Among the remaining literary works, the story occupies a large part and every story written in the past and present has elements that each of these elements contribute to the success or failure of a story and its author. It plays an important role. The theory of structuralism regarding cognition examines narratives based on the rules and patterns created by the fundamental structure. The plot is one of the most important elements of the narrative and the main component that is analyzed in the structuralists" analysis. The two books "Mam and Zain" in Kurdish literature and "Laili and Majnoon" in Persian literature can be compared in the field of constructivist plot theory due to their structural and semantic similarities and the characters of the lover and the beloved.

This research is descriptive-analytical and with the help of library sources, it has studied the narrative structure of the lyrical plot of Nizami"s "Laili and Majnoon" in Persian literature and Ahmed Khani"s "Mem and Zain" in Kurdish literature.

The findings of the present research show that in both narratives we are faced with a romantic genre that has a similar design and the same narrative flow. In both stories, there is an introduction including the introduction of the characters, place and time, and the stories move towards the climax while creating a knot.

The resolution in these two narratives is similar to the end of modern stories, and it seems that the narrator has left it to the audience, because the story is not resolved. In terms of the plot structure, there are many similarities between the two stories, and in both stories, a lot of suffering is inflicted on the lovers.

Constructivism is one of the important theories of the 20th century that was used in different fields; From anthropology, mythology and psychoanalysis to literary studies. In the literary researches carried out in the late fourteenth century of Iran, we gradually see its use on some of the ancient Persian texts.

This research is based on the library study method following the analysis of scientific-research articles published on this topic in the seventies and eighties and the pathology of the application of the theory of constructivism on ancient texts in them.

The review of the scientific-research articles written in the mentioned time frame shows that the most important damage occurred is the lack of application of theory in many of the mentioned researches; In such a way that most of these articles - even if they have a correct understanding of the foundations and goals of the theory - can be presented in the same way by removing the title and propositions of the constructivist theory. Therefore, the theory has a redundant function in them and has been used only for the apparent validation of the research. Among the other obvious problems, we can mention things like "misunderstanding the basics of the theory", "giving originality to the theory and selecting the text in order to prove it" and "failure to obtain new results".

The use of new theories in the knowledge of ancient texts can create new capacities in the knowledge of texts, but neglecting the aforementioned damages has led to the mass production of articles that are mostly promotional and due to the lack of presenting new achievements, it also affects subsequent research. They haven"t had much.

The history of the style goes back to the Greeks and Rome. The term style was included in the science of rhetoric and gained the attention of both Aristotle and Plato, as Plato defines it by saying: “Style is similar to a personal trait”. Through the definition that Plato provided for the term style, we notice that style for him is a special characteristic of every human being, as every person has his own style of employing or composing speech however he wants. Style is an acquired characteristic, but it is divided into different degrees. Stylistics in its true sense did not exist in past eras. In the twentieth century, this knowledge, like other literary techniques, was influenced by structural linguistics and acquired a new color and form.Structuralism is a critical approach that relies on reading the text based on strict principles and foundations, because this approach sees in the text a structure with its own rules that organize the distinct elements into a single unit, and its importance is independent of the outside world because concepts and ideas are extracted through reading the text. The structural approach to analyzing literary texts depends on multiple levels, which can be divided into the following headings:Phonetic level: This level depends on the study of letters, their formation, symbols, and their music, such as tone and rhythm.Grammatical level: This stylistic level often deals with the study of words and their organization, the structure of sentences, their composition, and their semantic and aesthetic properties.Morphological level: The purpose of this level is to study words, their verbal structure, and their function in language formation.Semantic level: The purpose of this level is often to analyze direct and indirect meanings and their associated images outside the boundaries of language.Symbolic level: This level studies the symbolism of the word and infers and synthesizes the role played by the previous levels in the new meaning and produces new literary meanings.There are many poets in contemporary Arabic poetry who created a new style in their poetry under the influence of Western schools, especially Structuralism. Among these creative poets with a special style is Al-Bayati, who was one of the pioneers of free poetry and used the niqab technique. This Iraqi poet created poetry in form and content, and his style was distinguished by the use of a mask and a tendency towards Sufism. He may have chosen Sufism as a mechanism to escape from bitter reality. Al-Bayati loved life, the land, spring, and children, and hated death and destruction. His poetry had characteristics such as easy and fresh words, sweet expressions, sincere emotion, and pleasant music, clearly in contrast to the poetry of Adonis.In the present study, the following three research questions are answered by analyzing the poem ‘The Torment of Al-Hallaj’ according to the theory of critical structuralism:1- What are the most important stylistic features of this poem according to critical structural theory?2- What are the most important stylistic elements used in this poem according to critical structural theory?3- Does the poet have special stylistic features in this poem?The hypotheses on which these questions were based are:Among the most important stylistic phenomena of this poem, we can identify the rhythmic structure, morphological structures, syntactic structures, and lexical structure. Each of these structures has specific subgroups.There are many elements that make this poem distinctive in terms of style, including repetition, symbols, intertextuality with myths, religious and historical texts, invocation and mask, inflection, dramatic techniques, and so on.There is a deep thought behind the simple words that sent the poem to the hidden worlds of the human soul where we can hear the cry of a man who understands the eternal suffering of man. Abdul Wahab Al-Bayati is considered one of the creative Arab poets, who was able to tranform life into the dialogue and multiplicity of voices in his poems by evoking the Sufi character in his poems while creating unity between him and the created essence. Al-Bayati brings to life different voices in the text using the mask technique and techniques such as two-way speech and rhetorical statements (interrogative, imperative, exclamation, etc.).

In this article, based on the social structure presented by Vent in the constructivist approach, the analysis of the formation and expansion of the power axis of the Islamic resistance in the West Asian region has been analyzed. Based on this, the triple infrastructures of semantic, material and interests have been analyzed in relation to the West Asian region in order to understand the role of semantic and identity factors, the material environment and the type of interpretation of its actors and the structure of quadruple interests including ontological security, security Material, development and identification in the formation and expansion of the axis of Islamic resistance with emphasis on the leadership of c. AA evaluated. The author starts compiling this research with the premise that one or more material or semantic factors alone cannot be effective in the formation and expansion of the axis of Islamic resistance. The main question of this research is: From the perspective of structuralism, how did the social structure of the West Asian region play a role in the formation of the expansion of the power axis of the Islamic resistance? This article is written in an analytical-descriptive way.

Structuralism, as a school in linguistics and humanities, plays a prominent role in the analysis of narrative types. "Roland Barthes" as one of the most prominent inheritors of structuralism with several planning theories around narratology, introduced structuralists to new achievements in the analysis of texts. He revealed the distinction of "Texts Types" by using the "Five Codes" approach. In this distinction, texts are divided into two categories: "Readable" and "Writable". Facing each of these two texts, the audience is placed in a "Passive" or "Dynamic" position. "Five Codes" and its quality in the text clearly reveal the distinction between these two texts and the two readers. In the meantime, Persian fictional literature and especially the Sacred Defense Literature can also be placed in the place of reviews such as "Comparison of Texts" and "Five Codes Analysis". The present research, with a descriptive-analytical analysis and based on the short story "I am the killer of your son" written by "Ahmed Dehghan", through the approach of "Five Codes" seeks to investigate the structures that shape this work. According to the results of this research, the current literature in the text of the story is primarily dependent on "Hermeneutic Codes". These codes play a fundamental role in creating tension and suspense in the story, and the codes "Proairetic" and "Semantic" also reveal the rich story functions and descriptions along with this feature. As the low frequency of "Symbolic Codes" and "Cultural" indicates the realistic approach of the story.

Persian classical literature is enriched with poetic and prosaic works that have flourished through the manifestation of unique structures, shaped by the profound musings of their brilliant authors. As the starting point of the structures in literary works, prefaces also have a special structure. Utilizing the historical documentary research method, this study seeks to unveil the fundamental structure that shapes the prefaces of five distinct types of works: narrative, didactic, moral, mystical, and historic. With a descriptive and analytical approach, the research seeks to extract a generalized structure, providing valuable insights into the topic. Most, if not all, of the prefaces to Persian literature are worthy of attention. The research conducted has revealed a consistent and systematic structure comprising 9 parts in the prefaces of the works under study. These parts follow a consistent pattern, with variations reflecting the authors' mental states, social and political circumstances, and other factors. As a result, certain aspects of these structures may either expand or be constrained depending on these influencing factors. But, in general, these 9 parts have been maintained. The extracted structure can be summarized in the macrostructure of three structures “other, self, other”. In the prefaces examined, we can observe a high level of informative content that showcases the authors' impressive abilities. With utmost dedication and remarkable precision, these prefaces demonstrate a conscious or perhaps even unconscious loyalty to their intended structure.

Cross word puzzles have gained special status among the amusements (linguistics, pictorial, logical, numerical, game ones) for being a universal and local amusement at the simultaneously. They are universal because there cannot be found any daily newspapers without them. As for their local character, they are designed and framed based on the specific characteristics of the native/ local languages and cultural patterns within which they are framed. The question of the present paper is what is the dominant pattern of lexical definition in these puzzles which guides us to the semantics of Persian cross word puzzles? The corpus of this study has been formed by gathering data from of Persian cross word puzzles used in Iran newspaper during one month. Structural lexical semantics approach has been used here to classify definitional categories. As for the results, they show that some factors like homography play important roles in the design of such puzzles, besides definitions based on socio-cultural and cognitive encyclopedic knowledge, collocations, onomatopoeias, colloquials, parts of idioms or proverbs, and nursery/ child-like wordings which are used there. Innovative ways of defining words like using language jokes or writing games have been spotted. These specific features show stylistic differences in designing cross word puzzles and lexical definitions of dictionaries. The findings of such a research is a step to the clarification of patterns through which general and specific cross word puzzles are designed. The present paper has some implications for the teaching of Persian using cross word puzzles.

This article seeks to examine some of the works of Mohamed Abed al-Jaberi, a contemporary Moroccan thinker, on his methodology in formulating a system of theory called the development of the Arab intellect.The belief that the method is changeable and does not involve the presupposition of specific and rigid content; It is shown as the core of Abed Al-Jabri's methodology.Structuralism is Jaberi's most important theoretical approach in the field of method, which dominates throughout his work.At this stage, the text with cultural, political, economic and social contexts, historical margins, time of its creation, production environment, environmental culture, factors affecting its production, interpretations, influences, possibilities that it has taken or created and characters around it The issues are being reconsidered.Algebraic uses of Western schools such as generalization, application of psychoanalytic approach, hermeneutic aspect of historical interpretations and localization of concepts are considered.In methodology, Jabri makes a new and unique practical claim by separating the ideological elements of Islamic heritage from the epistemological elements. Thus, bias prevention solutions are another area of study in this article.The application of structuralism, while expanding the possibilities of historical research, has also caused stagnation and even the imposition of abstract and unrealistic structures on the historical text.The separation of Ibn Rushd's Maghribi philosophy from Ibn Sina's Eastern philosophy is his most important theoretical background in his critique of Islamic civilization. Which also shows the most important ideological aspect of algebraic research.Keywords: Mohammad Abed al-Jaberi, Methodology, Structuralism, Historical Analysis, Arabic Reason

Formalism is one of the schools of literary criticism that pays attention to the form of the literary work and played a major role in the creation of the theory of structuralism. The best field for formalist theories and structuralism is folk, folkloric and indigenous stories. According to the formalist point of view, all of these stories, while having variable characters, have specific and specific functions and actions. Weiss and Ramin's poem is also a romantic genre with variable characters and specific actions. In this article, an attempt is made to examine the motifs of Weiss and Ramin's story, based on Vladimir Propp's structural model, in order to understand the similarity of the actions of the characters of romantic stories in different forms of the story.

The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and gathering information through studying, scanning and sampling library documents and databases.

Weiss and Ramin's system has ten suspensions, three climaxes and seventeen functions. The characters are divided into main and secondary categories, where Weiss and Ramin are among the main characters and Mobed, Shiro, Daye, Viro, Zard and Gol are among the secondary characters. From the perspective of prop division, there are seven roles in this system, which are divided into two groups of active and passive characters. Weiss and Ramin are among active actors, and Mobed and Gol are among passive, victim and productive actors.

Based on Vladimir Propp's model of structuralism, it can be concluded that in lyrical stories, even with the existence of different forms and multiplicity of characters, self-work, function and actions are limited and specific.

The structural analysis of literary works plays a pivotal role in understanding the intrinsic elements of a text and discerning the patterns of their interconnections. This approach not only contributes to a more nuanced understanding of literary characters but also aids in the evolution of literary patterns by offering insights for the creation of new works. Critics in the realm of structuralism have scrutinized narrative forms and delved into the study of story elements and their compositional principles. Noteworthy among these literary theorists is Tzutan Tudorov (1939), who has proposed a scheme based on the relationships between the smallest units, introducing systems grounded in the visualization of narrative figurines.This descriptive-analytic study aims to identify the characteristics of contemporary Persian fictional novels, employing the methods of description and analysis. The focus is on the social novel "Gypsy by the Fire" by Moniro Ravanipour (1333 AD), utilizing Tzutan Tudorov's theoretical framework. The investigation is structured around four key components: narief, proposition, episode, and narrative aspects.The research findings indicate that the presence of chain edifices within the narrative establishes a coherent and integrated relationship between the text and the story's structure. The essential and desirable aspects identified in this study form the foundation of the narrative configuration, emphasizing the certainty of relationships among the characters. The predictive aspect emerges as a significant influence on the story's formation, with predictions aligning consistently with the logic of truth and frequently materializing as anticipated.In conclusion, the structural analysis of "Gypsy by the Fire" through Tzutan Tudorov's framework reveals the intricate connections between narrative elements, showcasing the importance of chain edifices in constructing a cohesive story. The study highlights the essential and desirable aspects as foundational to narrative configuration, solidifying relationships among characters. The predictive aspect emerges as a powerful force shaping the narrative, consistently aligning with truth and contributing to the story's coherence and impact.

The role of international non-governmental organizations has been promoted in the last half-century, and the scope of their activities has been expanded. Despite the fact that non-governmental organizations are recognized as the subsidiary subjects of international law and their establishment and formation are conducted by private persons and according to the domestic laws of countries, the important status of some of them in the international community has raised many legal issues. One of the issues that will be discussed in this article is whether the aforementioned organizations, similar to international organizations enjoy immunity based on having international legal personality, functionalism or structuralism? As the research hypothesis, it is suggested that for granting immunity to non-governmental organizations, we observe a selective practice of governments toward a few organizations, and the basis of immunity is also explained on a new approach consisting of functionalism and structuralism doctrines. Thus, mixed administration or financing, performing a mission related to the international public interests and official recognition through a multilateral treaty or frequent resolutions of an international governmental organization, are the indicators for granting immunity.

The collection of my memoirs, I am alive, is a completely feminine work with emotional, meaningful, meaningful and healthy prose. The book has a respectful tone, rhythm, smooth expression, clear sentences, clarity of language and an attractive and readable finish. The extensive use of verbal and spiritual arrays, original sensations, appropriate hints and assurances, good suspension, observance of similes and eloquent expressions, have made the book readable and pleasant. The present research has investigated this precious work by descriptive-analytical method and from the perspective of structuralism. . "I am alive" is the starting point of the female narrative in the works of captivity and it is derived from the model of patience and perseverance of Hazrat Zainab (PBUH). The language and prose of the story combined with other elements such as plot, time, accurate and calculated characterization, suspense and expectation, all express the author's skill in story writing.

The main goal of the research is to study the roots of political anomie in developing societies. The research method is of the historical-document type, where the researcher looks for the answer to the research goal by referring to articles, books, and researches. The theoretical model of the research is the structuralism-functionalism paradigm (Durkheim, Merton, Parsons and Giddens). The results show, based on the structuralism-functionalism theory; the roots of political anomie are attributed to the social structure and the function of system components in the transition from traditional to modern society. Rapid, sudden and hasty changes are the cause of political anomie. From this point of view, the imbalance of the political system, the reduction of the authority of the cultural system (symbol and collective dignity), the malfunctioning of the system, the lack of identity, alienation, the feeling of disgust and the emotional crisis of modern people, and the destruction of social traditions are the roots of political anomie. The center of distinction of political anomie thinkers is in the unit of analysis, in such a way that: Durkheim and Merton have a micro-intermediate view on the political anomie; however; Parsons and Giddens approach this issue with a medium-macro view..