جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « yazd » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Over the past few decades, significant waves of Afghan migration have occurred, particularly to neighboring countries, such as Iran and Pakistan. This phenomenon has created substantial challenges, especially in Iran, where Afghans have resided for the last four decades. Among these challenges, adaptation and acculturation of Afghan immigrant adolescents - the second generation - to their host societies have been particularly noteworthy. Although many of these adolescents have been born in Iran, they remain actively engaged in the complex process of acculturation. Naturally, this second generation experiences a different cultural adaptation process compared to their predecessors. They face more pronounced value and cultural conflicts due to the dual influences of their parents' culture and the society in which they live. In light of this, our literature review focused on the relevant research and theories related to identity and adaptation. This theoretical sensitivity informed our research design and the development of our interview protocol. The protocol was structured to explore the methods and mechanisms of adolescent adaptation, their interactions with significant others, and their experiences within social structures. Our inquiry aimed to investigate various aspects of these adolescents' experiences, including:Advantages and disadvantages of living in Iran Their sense of belonging and concept of homeland The meaning they attribute to 'homeland' Their cultural commonalities with Iranian society Through this approach, we sought to examine various adaptation patterns and adjust our interview protocol around these sensitive concepts. This methodology allowed us to delve deeply into the multifaceted acculturation process experienced by Afghan adolescents in Iran, providing insights into their unique challenges and experiences as second-generation immigrants.

This study employed a qualitative research design, utilizing the grounded theory approach with a systematic method. The data analysis process involved open, axial, and selective coding techniques.Participants: The study sample consisted of 21 Afghan adolescents, comprising 15 males and 6 females. Participants were selected based on diverse inclusion criteria to ensure a representative sample.Data Collection: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the Afghan adolescents. The interview protocol was designed to explore various aspects of their acculturation experiences.

Ethical Considerations: 

The research adhered to strict ethical guidelines. Informed consent was obtained from all participants and their guardians. Confidentiality and anonymity were maintained throughout the research process.These methodological approaches were employed to enhance the rigor and credibility (validity and reliability) of the study, providing a comprehensive exploration of the acculturation process among Afghan adolescents in Iran.

The study's findings were categorized into 15 main themes, including occupational challenges, fear of dehumanizing attitudes, destabilization due to structural discrimination, utopian expectations, and identity representation and persuasion. The core category that emerged was "identity paradoxes." Our analysis revealed that second-generation immigrant adolescents often became discouraged by the adaptation processes they faced within social structures, leading to the formation of a negative self-concept. The migration experience for this generation had significant consequences, with many adolescents encountering criminal labeling and rejection in social groups. Furthermore, these young people found themselves caught between familial expectations emphasizing their heritage identities and the pressures of assimilation, resulting in personality conflicts and anomic states. While living in Yazd provided relative security for these second-generation immigrants, they simultaneously grappled with identity paradoxes and limited access to various social domains. Afghan adolescents, having been born or lived in Iran for extended periods, had largely assimilated with Iranian culture. Their general inclination towards assimilation formed the primary current of their lives. However, this trend was met with resistance from two fronts:Afghan families, who feared their children's overidentification with Iranian culture Structural pressures from the host societyConsequently, Afghan adolescents faced resistance in almost all social environments within Iranian society, despite their assimilationist tendencies. This study highlighted the complex interplay between individual desires for integration, familial cultural preservation, and societal barriers to full acceptance. These findings underscored the need for targeted interventions and policies to address the unique challenges faced by second-generation Afghan immigrants in Iran, particularly in navigating their complex identity formation processes and overcoming structural barriers to integration.

The inclusion of historical cities in the world heritage list provides a significant advantage in demonstrating these cultural monuments on a national and international scale. It is only natural for all countries to strive for the registration of their historical and cultural landmarks on this prestigious list. However, the crucial question arises: does registration on the World Heritage List mark the culmination of efforts, or does it signify the commencement of a more critical mission focused on preserving the original and significant values of these sites, which have developed and flourished within their cultural and social contexts over time? It is evident that the establishment of a comprehensive work management program post-global registration, along with the monitoring of its implementation, holds paramount importance. This significance is heightened when considering cities and their historical textures; cities serve as the stage for the interaction and confrontation of the physical elements of the urban landscape with the social dimensions of human life, the natural components of the environment, and the artificial aspects of the surroundings, encapsulating human presence across psychological, social, economic, cultural, aesthetic, and other realms. Therefore, any decision aimed at enhancing the state of a city must prioritize the human element as the most crucial factor, underscoring the significance of non-physical aspects in the rejuvenation of historical cities. Furthermore, what becomes apparent in historical textures and their restoration post-registration on national and world heritage lists is the fulfillment of responsibilities by urban authorities. This implies that programs following the registration of sites often exhibit several characteristics; they do not ensure the desired outcomes, lack a holistic approach to restoration and revitalization in their development and formulation, and are devoid of adequate organizational backing or continuous monitoring and refinement.
Hence, in general, the acceleration of changes and sometimes damage to historical structures occurs after their registration. The city of Yazd is no exception to this phenomenon, as the changes following the world registration of its texture have been rapid, uncontrolled, and emotionally driven, resulting in incorrect interventions. The unregulated and indiscriminate presence of tourists has also had a detrimental impact on the local way of life. Additionally, the creation of added value through real estate disposal has significantly reduced the occupancy rate in this area. The conversion of small urban units into non-authentic uses has further eroded the authenticity and integrity of the texture, while physical interventions in passages and arteries have transformed this area from a historical axis into a display of light, patterns, and designs, with the original life becoming less visible, if not completely absent. However, according to the accepted principles of restoration, the preservation of the identity and original nature of the texture is the foremost and most crucial aspect. 
This preservation should encompass economic, social, cultural, anthropological, physical, and functional considerations. Any violation of this important principle during the registration process, after it, or during the revitalization of the affected texture would result in damage and complications. Moreover, the purpose of registering any work is to show its unique characteristics to the world. If this registration leads to the weakening of these values, it fundamentally contradicts the purpose and not only fails to contribute to the revival of the texture but also causes irreparable harm in the long term.

Yazd, a significant city located on the outskirts of the desert in Iran, has been sustained by a network of historic qanats (Persian aqueducts) drawing water from the underground sources in the neighboring cities of Taft and Mehriz. These qanats, originating from the slopes of Shirkoh Mountain, have played a crucial role in the growth and prosperity of Yazd over the centuries. The vast Yazd-Ardakan plain, around which these qanats revolve, has provided ample space for the city's expansion. Since the 14th century AD, ambitious projects involving gardens and agriculture have been meticulously planned on the borders of this plain, particularly in the southern and southeastern regions surrounding the city of Yazd. The dedication of nobility, rulers, courtiers, and the general populace in funding and executing numerous projects in this area laid the foundation for the creation and evolution of garden neighborhoods (Bagh-Mahaleh) that flourished in size and number until the end of the Qajar Period. However, the haphazard urbanization that plagued Yazd, along with many other historical cities in Iran in the past century, posed a serious threat to these garden neighborhoods, leading to their gradual decline and eventual disappearance. Old aerial photographs serve as an affecting reminder of the once vibrant gardens, now reduced to slender leftovers of their former glory.
       The research aims to merge old sources and visual records through a historical methodology in order to reveal the origins, design, and creator of one of these gardens. The garden was situated in the southeastern vicinity of the region that now delineates the borders of the historic neighborhoods of "Abshahi" or "Naeem Abad". Along the northern front's outer edge, there is relatively well-preserved evidence of a structure that may have functioned as a gate-palace or "Aali Qapu". Amidst the Chaharbagh, the structure of a two-story pavilion has been identified, offering a view of the Chaharbagh and the main four corners of the complex through four eyvans or porticos. The architectural style of this pavilion is reminiscent of the "Hasht-Behesht", which later became the predominant design of pavilions in Chaharbaghs during the late centuries of the Islamic era.
       This complex, believed to have been named "Bagh-e-Eram", was likely established during the reign of Fath Ali Shah Qajar by Abdul Reza Khan Amir Muayid (1827-1829 AD), the 20th offspring of Muhammad Taqi Khan Bafqi (1748-1802 AD), and was constructed in 1829 AD, the final year of his official governance in Yazd.

Children’s happiness is influenced by family relationships. Children’s daily interactions with their parents are now seen as a factor in their development. At the same time, the family is considered the most important field for children’s growth. The aim of the current research is to study the strategies of women who are the head of the household and non-head of the household in creating happiness in the family environment.

The present research method was qualitative and thematic analysis. Also, data was collected with 40 semi-structured interviews in Yazd city; 20 of the sample women was non-headed and 20 were female heads of the household. Also, targeted sampling with maximum variety was done. After collecting the data, coding was done with six steps of thematic analysis.The results showed that non-custodial women experienced the three final themes of affectionate parenting, self-satisfaction and holistic femininity.

Meanwhile, the female heads of the household had experienced the two final themes under the title of overall happiness and failure in happiness. As a matter of fact, female guardians try beyond their ability to meet the all-round needs of their children to create happiness in the family. According to the collected data, non-custodial women acted stronger in creating happiness in the family environment despite having a husband. But the female head of the household had to fill in the absence of the wife and sometimes she was unsuccessful in creating happiness.

It is concluded that the happiness of women and family can strengthen the morale in the family environment and subsequently promote the motivation of growth and development because happiness, as one of the dimensions of social development, is considered important to achieve the development of society.

For us, the modern appliance of traditional approach to face to current risks is a Reflexive Development. This article tries to explain the socio-environmental history of Yazd by depicting life via pictures of historical hydraulic structures left in this city. Yazd is a civilization that has expanded based on waterlessness. Based on the three basic reflexive elements that is transparency, public participation, and openness, the age of Qanats is explained among what we call the three ages of Qanat and Sustainability, Water Pumps and Risks, and Reflection for an Ecological Transformation. Through the reflexive historical-environmental analysis of the Middle East, this research discusses the main socio-environmental theories of the Qanat era around the ideas of climate change and drought, nomadic invasion, and oriental despotism. Then we assess the Iranian socio-environmental history with focus on Yazd where we search the history of this city based on historical hydraulic structures, the relations of people with each other and nature, and the dimensions of traditional water governance. What we can learn from this reflexive narrative, the history of water and life in Yazd and the analysis of Qanat civilization collapse after the industrial age rising and transition to the era of risk, is our modern preparations to face water risks through an ecological way of transformation and reflexive route of development. This is a fundamental research to find the function of an updated dynamic tradition in finding new solutions adaptable with nature in water governance, which will take us one step forward to a reflexive development.

There are the only historical narratives of the city of Katha that are mentioned in the historical geography books of the 4th and 5th centuries Hijri. Still, uncertainty prevails about the historical nature and the state of the city in the ancient period and its adaptation to the current situation. In the last century, various opinions were presented with regard to this issue, with some considering Katha in the vicinity of the city of Yazd, and some identifying it as the city as it is. There is no accurate knowledge of the structure and spatial organization of the city. The question is, "What was the spatial structure of the city of Katha, and what will be the result of matching its location with the city of Yazd?" The goal is to know the historical nature of Katha in the middle of the transition period from the ancient to post-Islamic. The research method applied is "historical-analytical". According to the old roads and cities, as well as evidences such as the Jame Mosque of Katha and the closed references of some historians in the following centuries, the location of Katha in the ancient city of Yazd is probable. Its spatial structure evolved around a fence and a rampart and two gates and a rabaz outside the southern gate where the Jama Mosque, the Bazar and the residential structure were built.  Around the city, there were gardens and fields where water from a Qanat (underground aqueduct) flowed. Sharestan, similar to a castle, is probably the remnant of the spatial structure of the Sasanian period, and it is considered be the center of development of the post-Islamic city. These two residential areas were organized at the beginning of the Kakuid rule (5th Century AH) inside the fence with four gates.

Tourism destinations are getting more complex. Increasing uncertainty and environmental changes are among the most important ones that tourism destinations have to deal with to maintain their competitive advantage. Preferably innovation, flexibility, responsiveness, and redefinition of market opportunities can be considered as the new techniques for gaining the advantages. These techniques are focused on the effective use of knowledge, skills, and the experience of key actors, known as learning in the literature. Although the learning (organization) concept is spread in various settings such as cities (learning cities), or universities (learning universities), little research has been done in tourism. Thus, this research aims to provide a model for the development of Learning Tourism Destinations in Yazd. Based on qualitative methods, the researchers did a thematic analysis of the interviews with 14 tourism experts and an Interpretive Structural Model analysis of 12 experts’ questionnaires. The proposed model is composed of four levels in which there is sustainability at the highest level. In the second level of the model, there are futurism, system thinking, and human resource management empowerment. The third level of the model is composed of adaptive management, coordination and participation, cultural exchange, responsibility, innovation and creativity, and environmental intelligence. At the lowest level, there are factors of competitive intelligence, technological intelligence, research and development, intellectual capital, and knowledge management. The results of the research can be used as a model for transforming learning cities into learning tourism destinations.

Originality/Value: 

The results of this study will be useful for designing the new approaches in development of tourism industry of Iran and will help managers and marketers toward international cultural foundating and improving tourism marketing performance.

Dark tourism is a special dimension of tourism that examines the impact of the negative aspects of a tourist destination tourist attraction or repulsion. The special conditions of tourism and the negative political propaganda of the West are among the factors that have necessitated attention to this issue. This study was designed to survey the model of emotional response in the dark tourism environment in Iran based on the role of experience and motivation and with a practical approach and a descriptive survey method.

The statistical population is all foreign tourists referring to the city of Yazd in the fall of 2019, in 170 responders that randomly selected. Considering the validity and reliability of the measurement and structural models and the appropriate fit and quality of the model

The results showed that the motivation to experience; Experience on emotional response; and motivation has a significant effect on emotional

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of cultural intelligence on the special value of the tourist destination brand and its consequences regarding the attitude and intention to visit the destination. This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-correlation in terms of method, and survey-cross-sectional in terms of data collection. The tool for collecting information was a questionnaire and the statistical population of tourists visiting Yazd city. The validity of the questionnaire has been confirmed using experts' opinions, convergent validity test and divergent validity test, and the reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed using simple reliability test (Cronbach's alpha) and composite reliability test (McDonald's coefficient). The data extracted from 84 supplementary questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling in SmartPLS software and the results showed that cultural intelligence has a significant effect on the specific value of the tourist destination brand, the specific value of the tourism destination brand has a significant effect on the attitude towards the destination brand, the attitude The destination brand has a significant effect on the intention to visit the destination, the performance of the destination brand moderates the effect of the attitude towards the destination brand on the intention to visit the destination, cultural intelligence influences the attitude towards the destination brand through the special value of the tourism destination brand and finally the brand special value The tourist destination determines the intention to visit the destination through the attitude towards the destination brand.

Young individuals are recognized as the leading agents of societal change over the last several decades. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, their lives have become increasingly intertwined with digital networks, leading to a growth in virtual communication. This shift has introduced a paradoxical aspect to their lives, where, despite being more connected, they have become more centered on self-orientation. 

Methods and Data:

To investigate this issue, the systematic grounded theory approach was employed. The sample consisted of Yazd University students in their junior year, aged between 18 and 19. Based on theoretical sensitivity of the research, in-depth interviews were carried out with 20 selected individuals through theoretical sampling. 

The findings were in the form of 12 main categories, including problematic self-image, self-confidence challenges, communication context, self-control, passivity, problem solving, etc. These young people went through a trajectory characterized by the complexities and uncertainties of societal life. As a result, their chosen trajectories resulted in self-restraint even with extensive social relationships. A paradigmatic model and substantive theory have been developed from these categories. 

Young adults stand at the forefront of the dynamics tension between agency and structure. They try to build their own spaces for interaction, take risks, and develop their own platforms and communication networks, despite the systematic limiting pressures. To a significant degree, they have been successful achievement in these efforts.

Architectural complexes built during the Timurid period can be divided into three categories in terms of the type of building: complexes located around a central area, complexes located on both sides of a street, and complexes located on both sides of a central building. The first category of this type of complex, which is formed based on the placement of independent buildings in two or four parts of a central area, has appeared both in the role of urban squares and in the type of endowment architectural complexes. This form of complex construction in which the structure of four-aisled courtyards and the use of urban squares can be seen simultaneously can be considered as one of the factors affecting the changes in the construction and design of the square in the later periods of urban planning and architecture in Iran. This research intends to analyze the structure and also study the location of buildings in this type of Timurid architectural complex, relying on existing historical sources and archaeological documents. The information of this article has been collected by library methods, visual observation, and comparison of the obtained findings and the research has been done by the analytical-historical method. The results of this study show that the difference between the index of urban squares and architectural complexes that have been built based on the structure of a square in the Timurid period has been in how they relate to the main roads in the city.

One of the two-way consequences of global warming and climate change is its effects on water and air pollution, which can affect rural livelihoods or the destruction of rural areas. The current research examines the effect of human presence and his heat-generating devices and activities on the Land Surface Temperature (LST) of the summer residences of Taft city, Yazd province. For this purpose, the images of two comparative periods of April (April 10 with April 2) and summer (Friday with Thursday and Saturday) of Landsat 8 and 9 satellites were used. Then the surface temperature map and hot-spot analysis (G-i-star) of the area were prepared and the changes were evaluated. The results showed that in April period, 64% and in summer period, 60.1% of rural areas experienced an increase in LST. Also, 1.43% to 43.5% of the rural area of the region had experienced an increase in temperature in April and 31.2% to 31.8% in summer. An increase in temperature variance was also observed in these areas, which shows an increase in temperature variation in these areas. The number of hot spots in these areas also increased by 111.4% in April and 48% and 21.1% in summer. The results also showed that 65.1% of rural vegetation in April and 49.8% in summer faced an increase in LST, of which there was a 19% increase in April and 49.9 and 8.6% in summer in temperature variance and 3. 118 percent of April and 9.5 and 0.2 percent of summer in the number of hot spots, the share of areas with vegetation was. According to the results, all the villages had experienced an increase in LST, and the fluctuations of this increase were greater in the villages with less vegetation and less area. The current research can be considered as a warning for the creation of rural thermal islands (like cities) on holidays with many tourists and serious damage to vegetation and rural climate.

One of the latest issues in the social justice issue is spatial justice in cities. The level of access to public space and urban services and the effects of this on the mental space of citizens is the focus of this paper discussion. The concept of justice in Islam is a fundamental concept whose evaluation from the perspective of spatial justice in Islamic cities can greatly contribute to epistemological development on the one hand and urban policymaking on the other hand. The aim of the current research is to evaluate spatial justice in a part of the historical context of Yazd city (as a global city) during the Qajar period. The focus of Roshi’s departure is to evaluate the access level of two groups of nobles and ordinary people to three forms of urban facilities, i.e. mosque, reservoir and market. Analysis was done using architectural and archeological evidence in Golchinan neighborhood of Yazd, as well as the results obtained from the geographic information system. The results showed that social and economic class had an impact on the spatial organization of neighborhoods. The aristocracy has settled in a position where they can benefit the most or the best from the city’s facilities. From the point of view of justice, this finding is a place for criticism. Despite this, it seems that people’s social interactions were not based on class conflict or the perception of social inequality. Unlike the modern city, although the traditional Islamic city has an unequal distribution of facilities, it seems that compared to modern societies, this unequal distribution does not have a significant effect on the perception of inequality. The researchers are of the opinion that the non-segregated spatial organization, high class interactive action, and Islamic concepts have greatly helped to reduce the perception of inequality among citizens.

Social relations pave the way to form and reinforce a mutual trust between people. If the network of informal interaction is based on a kind of emotional deep contact and away from individual self-interest, it will not only make the atmosphere of society better, but also facilitate the conditions for creating social trust. The present research studies the type of relations and interactions in youths’ informal interactions. As such, deep interviews were conducted using a qualitative method and according to an interpretational approach. In methodology, the grounded theory was applied and the narratives were analyzed according to Strauss and Corbin's objectivist approach. The target population of the study was the youth of Yazd. Twenty people were selected through targeted sampling and the required information was gathered by interview. “Small pieces of intimacy in relationships” was the name of a phenomenon portraying the kind of relations and interactions among the interviewees. This term indicates lack of span and depth of relationships and intimacy in these interactions. On the other words, it shows fragmented and undeveloped relations with family, friends and acquaintances, because in spite of the existence of a relationship with each of these groups, the kind of relationship is separated and isolated and it is not like a chain. Moreover, the intimacy was not emotionally deep and far-reaching. In fact, the depth of this relationship with friends is lost, and the interactions with friends and acquaintances happen in a non-intimate situation with contacts even weaker than family relations.Keywords: Youth, Informal Interactions, Surface Interactions, Intimacy, Yazd. ____________________________________________________________________________ Extended abstractIntroductionOne of the foundations for the formation and strengthening of mutual trust between people is social relations. If the informal relations are based on some kind of deep emotional interactions and far from personal interests, it will not only soften the atmosphere of the society but also facilitate the conditions for improving social trust. Every society needs emotional and empathetic bonds among the members of its small groups in order to speed up and facilitate its reflection in the big social space, the conditions of solidarity and national harmony. But for some time now, in the society, the type of reactions to the happenings, from the way of expressing anger and anger, or satisfaction, criticism and appreciation, has reached a dangerous way, and that is indifference.The basis of every social order is formed by emotion, differentiation and emotional connection, which is rooted in the dependence on the group with the feeling of membership in it, but a phenomenon such as social indifference is an expression of insensitivity, pessimism, reluctance and social depression. From a pathological point of view, indifference in society is known as a kind of social disease. As in its opposite point, any social concern and altruism in individual and social life is a sign of social dynamism and health.PurposeThe current research has investigated the type of relationships and interactions as well as the continuity and quality of communication in the informal relationships of young people. In detail, it should be said that the observation of daily behavior among young people shows that their emotional relationships have weakened and the reflection of that is the increase of indifference at the social level, which can lead to the reduction of the social responsibilities of young citizens in their future social life. In the meantime, Yazd province is exposed to these changes and transformations due to reasons such as pioneering and leading the use of the Internet in the country, having a huge flood of students who are the young generation and future builders of the society, and the arrival of tourists with cultural diversity. Therefore, according to the importance of the topic, the present research aims to evaluate the type of communication and friendships of young people in Yazd society in a qualitative study and to represent the informal interactions and the contexts of the formation of daily interactions of these young people in their own language.MethodologyThe present study is carried out in the form of qualitative methodology and using the background theory. The sampling was based on theoretical and purposeful sampling. In this regard, the information of this study was collected using in-depth and semi-deep interviews. The target population was the youth of Yazd city, 20 of them were selected by purposeful sampling. It's worth mentioning that the sampling process has continued to reach the theoretical saturation. Data collection and data analysis were done simultaneously. In this study, open source, axial and selective coding were used in data analysis. Findings"Small pieces of intimacy in relationships" is the title of a phenomenon that has been the representation of the relationships and associations that took place among the interviewees. This term reflects the lack of breadth and depth of relationships and the depth of intimacy in it.In other words, the narrator has fragmented and undeveloped relationships with family, friends, and acquaintances, and despite the relationship with each of the groups, the relationships are isolated and separate and the chain relationship is not formed. Although affection and intimacy can be seen in some of these relationships, it is in small dimensions and lacks emotional depth. The relevant interviewees have appeared in different forms in informal communication with their family and friends. In such a way that the majority of them had a deep relationship only with their family and in their friendly relations it was superficial and limited to meeting the needs and meeting personal needs.ConclusionAccording to the discussions of the participants and identifying the lack of deep relationships in informal relationships and interactions between them, it should be said that the depth of communication with friends is not very defined and socializing with friends and acquaintances is in a vacuum of intimacy with superficial and far weaker and faint relationships. It is more than family relationships. In order to get out of such a space, the necessity of social cohesion can be made clear to people by promoting the culture of cooperation and cooperation in the social space and making them aware of the feedback of such interactive behaviors in individual life. These solutions can pave the way to reflect on informal relationships and reduce individualism by highlighting social teachings in promoting empathetic attitudes, paying attention to friends and acquaintances, and evoking a sense of responsibility and philanthropy in social interactions and relationships.NoveltyUnlike the methods used by the respected researchers in the past, which were mainly quantitative methods, the present research deeply investigated social indifference with a qualitative method as a deep look at the roots and hidden layers of this problem from the participants' words. Is. Another thing is that these researches have often considered the type of relationships in the social space as a whole, but the main difference of the current research is separating informal interactions and relationships in the fields of family, friends and acquaintances and clarifying the type and manner of each of them. These connections are in the relevant community.

Investigating and understanding Sand dunes is of great importance in the management of natural resources and the control of risks caused by them. The purpose of this research is to investigate the sand dunes of Darvazeh Quran, in the north of Yazd city, which is of great importance due to its proximity to Yazd city and its use for the development of tourism. In this research, in order to determine the origin of Sand dunes, from the wind data of Yazd synoptic station, during a period of 20 years (2001-2021), topographic maps 1:50000, geological maps 1:100000, TM satellite images of 1993, ETM+ year 2008 and 2017 and field studies have been used for sampling. The research method is also based on the analysis of wind characteristics (direction and speed), the mineralogy of sedimentary grains, and the use of satellite images. The results of the wind survey in the studied area showed that strong winds in the dry seasons along the northwest play an important role in the formation, development, and movement of sand. Mineralogical investigation and XRF analysis indicate that quartz minerals and then carbonates with an average of 45 and 33% are the most abundant among the sediments of the studied area and the classification based on spectral reflection of satellite images of loose sands showed that the band ratios are 4.5, 3.4 and 3.5 in TM images can be used to identify the mentioned minerals. Finally, the results showed that the alluvial and flood plains, along with alluvial deposits located in the northwestern and western part of this reservoir, are the main sources of nutrition for the sandy dunes of Darvazeh Quran.

Today, very important cities such as Yazd, which have cultural richness and distinct traditional architecture, have seen severe damage due to instability in their newly built structures. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the aspects that will accelerate the revival of traditional identity and its sustainable development. The results of this study, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, show that the city of Yazd, despite the damage it has seen from the implementation of modern architecture in its new context, fortunately, due to the richness of urban planning and green architecture, is suitable for its hot and dry climate. , still maintains its efficiency and vitality, and the principles and characteristics related to the urban fabric, neighborhoods and buildings of Yazd city are in line with the general principles of sustainable and traditional architectural criteria in sustainable urban development in three environmental, economic and social fields. Therefore, the architectural style, which has been implemented with a green orientation and continuity of sustainability and without pressure on nature and more energy consumption, has played a very important role in creating socio-cultural and economic interactions and ultimately the sustainable development of this city. Of course, the adverse consequences of the spread and prevalence of buildings incompatible with the region's climate should not be neglected, and it is necessary to return to traditional architecture and combine it with modern architecture, take more appropriate steps in the direction of urban development and solve many problems. He came and helped.

The aim of this research is to investigating the effects of brand image, brand awareness and brand quality on attachment and loyalty to the destination brand (Comparative study: Kerman and Yazd cities). This research is descriptive-survey in terms of research method and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research consists of all domestic and foreign tourists entering the two cities of Kerman and Yazd, and the sampling was done on an accessible basis. The reliability of the mentioned questionnaire was estimated at 0.895 for Kerman city and 0.812 for Yazd city, and its validity has been proven by experts and professors. In total, due to the comparative approach of the research, 397 responses were collected through a face-to-face survey in the two cities of Kerman and Yazd, and then analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. SPSS24 and PLS3 software were used to analyze the data. Our findings showed that brand image, brand awareness and brand quality affect the destination brand trust of the tourists of Yazd and Kerman, which in turn affects their loyalty through destination brand trust. Also, the effect of attachment to the destination brand, the mediator of the relationship between destination brand trust and destination brand loyalty in both cities, was confirmed. Finally, all the relationships mentioned above were significantly different in the Kerman and Yazd models. By using the findings of the research, city management can make a significant contribution in improving their loyalty and trust in these cities by increasing brand awareness, brand quality and trust in the destination brand of Kerman and Yazd tourists.

In this study, the concept of resistance in the Ashurai poems of Yazd is investigated using descriptive-analytical and testimonial methods with the aim of interpreting the content of the Ashurai poems in the context of epics and mysticism. In the Ashurai poems of Yazd, the aesthetic and artistic aspects are so intertwined with the content of the poems and the beliefs of the composers that it is considered a turning point in the expansion of the expression of the concepts of resistance and the spread of this type of message. The ritual poet of Yazd clearly states the thoughts and concepts that exist in the culture and school of martyrdom by mixing both the Persian literary language and the common language of the people and also using local literature. The achievement of this process has caused that beyond the thematic commonalities of Ashura poems, the concept of resistance in the two axes of epic and mysticism have become the adornment of these types of poems and a new chapter in the fabric of this category of poems has emerged by using these two elements. Thus, the Ashurai poems teach mankind different values and anthropological lessons using an aura of epic and mysticism through the window of emotions and sorrow. It is obvious that the connection of Ashura's emotion, mysticism, and epic with resistance thoughts has led to the enrichment and elevation of ritual poetry, the explanation of Ashura's philosophy, the literature of the front and war, and the expansion of Persian poetry.

Considering the prominent position of Yazd in Iranian and Islamic civilization, the present study tries to determine how much was the role and position of Jewish religious minorities, especially in Yazd during the Pahlavi era, in this process. In this research, the method of descriptive-analytical work and collection of library materials and examination of documents has been done in the Pahlavi period in the context of the interaction of the people of Yazd in various commercial-economic, cultural-social, religious fields with the Jews. The importance of economy and trade in the lives of Jews, staying in the cities of the trade route, the attention of Jews to the material added value in the housing in the commercial centers of Yazd and around the Grand Mosque of Yazd has been influential. Although no news or historical analysis has been found on this issue, the prejudice and harsh treatment of the clerics against them has been the reason for the fleeing of Jews from one region to another. There have been numerous interactions and confrontations between Shia Muslim and Jewish groups in Yazd, and despite this, the largest peaceful relations and interfaith interactions have taken place in Yazd. Apart from a few sources that are in the form of pamphlets or scattered materials, such as the study of religious minorities in the Qajar period (1175-1304 A.H.) or information booklets, etc., no comprehensive material has been authored.