جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ابدال » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Tabasi dialect is the vernacular spoken in Tabas, one of the cities in Khorasan province, Iran. In the present article, the aim is to study some phonological processes of this variety. The data were gathered by field study and written sources. The data from field study were collected via interviews with the local informants settled in Tabas. The informants age ranged between 30 to 80 years. Generally, the results showed that the process of "elision" and "assimilation", “metathesis” and “prothesis” are some of the phonological ones in this variety. Other phonological processes in this variety are mentioned as well. In Tabasi dialect, deletion of the final consonants /d/, /m/, /n/, /t/, /k/, /z/; deletion of the final vowel [y]; addition of a vowel at the beginning of a cluster consonant; changing the phonetic group [ān] and [ām] to [u(n)] and [um]; exchanging the two phonemes [āb] and [ab] and [af] and [āy] and [āv] and the compound vowel [əw] are some of the phonological processes.

The natives of Shushtar speak the Shushtari dialect in the northern region of Khuzestan province. This dialect has some differences with standard Persian in terms of phonetic and production of features. Some of the phonetic features and their manifestations used in the past (before Islam until about the eighth century AH, traces of which are left in Persian texts) and among Persian speakers still occurs in the Shushtari dialect. One of the surviving phonetic signs in this dialect is “obtained VaV " reflected in the speech interactions of the speakers of this region in the phonetic construction of the words. For this reason, the aim of the present study is to investigate the phonetic changes of “obtained VaV " in the situations and context of spoken and native Persian language. To achieve the objectives of this study, 70 native speakers in the age range of 35 to 75 years were interviewed. These interviews took place in a natural location and context in the Shushtar geographical area. One of the authors’ linguistic nature as well as some written sources were used to be cautious in the data collection process. The data were analyzed with sufficient evidence and according to some phonological processes such as " apposition". The research method is descriptive-analytical and concurrent. The results of the present study indicate that the sound cluster "obtained VaV" in some words has remained as it was used in the past, and in others, due to the phonological process of conversion, to a loud vowel or another vowel. It has become a different phoneme with its degrees of durability.

The trace of Pahlavi words can be found in different dialects of Iran. According to some researchers’ studies, Shushtari, as one of the south-western dialects, has some Pahlavi words. This study aims to investigate the morphological structure of Akār, as a Pahlavi word that shifts to cogor, in Shushtari dialect. This article attempts to study the sound shift of “hamzeh” as a glottal consonant to "ع" as a pharyngal consonant is considered. The result of study showed that the initial “Hamzeh” in some Shushtari words is changed to pharyngeal consonant of "ع" based on dissimilation process. In this descriptive-analytical study, required data is collected by referring to library on one hand, and interview with old people and some uneducated persons, Speaking Shushtari as aboriginal speakers. Aiming to reliable findings, recording the sample sentences of Shushtari dialect and evaluating them with reliable sources is done, too. The oldness of usage of Akār is also investigated in a text related to the first days of Islam, establishing in, Iran with referring to an old translation of Holy Quran, named Ghoran- e- Ghods.

Layzangan is a village of Darab in Fars, Iran, located 54 kilometers to the East of Darab. Its population is about 2000. In this article, the writer attempts to investigate phoneme processes of assimilation, elision, and addition in the Layzangani dialect. The data of this research shows the new generations use of the words with little phonological changes unlike their parents. In this dialect, the assimilation phonological process is more active than any other studied ones. And many words have been changed under the influence of assimilation. Among the vowels of this dialect the assimilation of the open vowel /i/ to /u/ and the exchange of low vowels /e/ and / a/ to /o/ at the beginning of the words are used more frequently .The other active components of this dialect is assimilation /ab/, /ab/, /ab/ and / af / to compound vowel /o/. The results obtained in the case of phonological analysis of insertion and increment show that in special cases, when two vowels are included in this dialect, insertion function is more frequent in this speech, the insertion function of (y) is more than the other one. Sometimes, a ring is added to the speech chain, which is not known reasonably. In the Phonological process, the reduction is followed by the lessening of the consonant /t/ followed by the consonant /s/ consonant /d/ after /n/ is more frequent. If the suffix is added to many of these words, since it begins with the vowels, the consonants /t/ and /d/ appear in the form of /ss/، /zz/ و /nn/ at the same time, assimilation process has been occurred.

The Arab tribes inhabited throughout the Arabian Peninsula and had a sedentary life. Some of them were sedentary tribes while others were nomadic tribes seeking for water and food in the desert. Undoubtedly, the nomadic tribes who lived in the desert had their own way of pronouncing words, which were different from the way of sedentary tribes and had a great effect on the variety of Arabic accents and the characteristics of each one. Some pronunciations were included in the elements of the language of the tribe and in the lexical domain of the Holy Qur'an, and in a region the pronunciation of a word was with a letter which was other than the letter used in another region. In the framework of historical linguistics and in order to determine the role of culture and region in the phonemes of the Arabic language the goal of this study is to scrutinize the phonetic changes of Arabic language in the context of the Holy Qur'an according to Ibdāl which is a phonological process.
Research methodology is descriptive. First, we peruse the Arab motives to pronounce a letter in a different way. Then by assessing the human geography and Arabic language Tajweed, we try to find the origin of the phenomenon of Ibdāl, and thereafter, examine the phonetic system of Arabic language vowels that have same place of pronunciation or common characteristics. Then, we will study the phenomenon with regard to the former and latter letter. By giving examples of Ibdāl, we will understand the role and contribution of the tribes in such processes.

The Badroud and Arisman's dialect is the one of the original dialect in the central part of Iran. Although it has lived in the obscurity, its literary life continues. This dialect is far from the researcher's perspectives and there is no scientific study over it. Thus, few people hardly know of it. But field studies suggested that the phonological process is very important in this dialect. It is one of the most distinctive characteristics of it, by changing any vowel and consonant it can enrich the language and develop vocabulary-building techniques. This dialect doesnt adopt the original form of the foreign words more or less than the others. So, the phonemes will be changed, removed, or added to the words. However, considering of the phonological process can show its hidden aspects and will define its close relation with the standard Persian language. Thus, the author has analyzed this subject for its novelty and importance.

This paper is the description and analysis of some of the best Darabi dialect phonological processes on the bases of autosegmental phonology. The data was collected from some indigenous informants and written texts whose reliability had been already proved for the researcher. This study is a descriptive and analytic one. Moreover, it is a cross-sectional study. In this study, the phonological processes such as assimilation and dissimilation, omission, weakening, metathesis, and conversion of /r/ consonant to /l/ consonant were investigated through quantitative data analysis. The investigation of these phonological processes showed that some of the contrasts are eliminated after the vowels or at the coda of the words. However, the consonant contrasts are retained at the onset of the words. In the assimilation of /t/ and /s/ which is a complete one, /t/ consonant is assimilated with its prior consonant. In dissimilated /n/ with that of /s/ and /z/, the /n/ consonant changes from alveolar to /m/. In the process of metathesis, consonant movement happens. For the cases of /b/ and /w/; /b/ consonant changes to voiced fricative /v/ before long vowels. Easiness in production is considered while omitting the final consonants.

This article deals with deep structure of [j] in the surface structure of the inflectional form of the past tense verbs of Lori dialect of a city in Iran called Yasooj, Capital of Kohgiluye and Boyerahmad Province. Considering diversity of dialects in this region,sometimes differences have been noticed in past tense pronunciation of verbs such as: to see, to arrive, to put, to get up,… in which there is a [d] in deep structure which has been pronounced as [Daal-e Zagros] or [j]. In Morphologi-cal analysis of those verbs, it is wondered whether [j] appears in the surface structure is an intervene morpheme or a product of softening of [d] in deep structure. Consequently, the possibility of a relationship between [j] and [Daal-e Zagros], if they are related to [d] in Farsi, and what are the regulations behind it are studied. Synchronic and diachronic linguistics prove that there is a sequence of linguistic rules involved in the past tense formation of the mentioned verbs including: softening, epenthesis and elision. Some people believe that it is only “epenthesis” that happens in the past tense form of those verbs, so that [j] appears in the surface structure is an intervene morpheme and in morphological analysisit should be concerned as an individual morpheme. The database used in the current study has been collected from a native speaker of Yasooj. Results of this article are issued via sets of phonological rules.

Identification, collecting and studying on the local dialects, cause not only consolidation of cultural relation between today and yesterday, but also prevent destruction of dialects and provide a condition for improving and developing of national language and culture. Eshtehardi Tatty dialect, the dialect of the south-west Iran, with all that antiquity, is still alive and regarding its geographic region, had been remained intact until a few decades ago. But now for various reasons is eliminated against the power of national language. The presence of some elements of relation with the ancient language in this dialect, the maintenance of relation with the ancient languages of Iran and also the extent of lexical scope and diversity of grammatical structures are the main features of this dialect. In this article, according to a phonetic comparison between the common words of this dialect with Persian language, we have tried to present a clear picture of its phonetic features. Such a work has not been done so far and it can be very useful in understanding the nature of Tatty dialect and in discovering the relation and interaction of this dialect with the dialects in the same root. Our study shows that the phonetic distinctions of Tatty dialect with the Persian language appears in the first, middle and final part of words, and follows four phonological transformation, deletion, addition and metathesis.

Elegiac poetry written about the Ahlolbeit (the Holy Prophet’s Household) in Khuzestani Arabic is a rich folklore source. This poetic genre is beautiful and appealing and almost comprehensible for its audience. However, it is mysteriously difficult for all to read. This often leads to misunderstandings. The incomprehensibility of Khuzestani Arabic may be due to different reasons. For example, little attention is paid to spelling rules in this dialect, there are no consistent rules for spelling and the majority of those in publishing and editorial work are not familiar with the alphabet of this dialect; therefore, they make spelling errors. Hamza is one of the sounds which is prone to errors, especially the conjunctive hamza so, it may be represented by different symbols in different books or even in one single book. This character has been altered in different forms in Khuzestani Arabic including addition, omission, replacement with another letter, word blending, and the use of an alternative word without hamza. Since the speakers of this dialect are not familiar with its writing system, it will be difficult for them and non-native speakers to read and understand. This article seeks to investigate the changes that hamza goes through in Khuzestani dialect and tries to clarify the ways of writing this character so that it has a consistent written form, typographical errors are distinguishable from the spelling ones, the gap between Khuzestani dialect and the standard Arabic is narrowed and it is comprehensible for all. Furthermore, the poets of this region, particularly poets of Ahlolbeit will be known worldwide. This research is primarily focused on Muhammad Atyyeh’s book of poems.

Languages and consequently dialects are dynamic phenomena continuously changing. On the other hand different dialects and accents of linguistic society are considered to be a part of national culture and therefore should be preserved. The researcher has studied 10 samples of different dialects in Fars province. This paper is an attempt to describe and classify some very important morphological and phonological processes e.g. assimilation, mutation and lenition of different dialects in Fars province. This study reveals that differences between these dialects and Farsi as standard language are the result of unmarkedness and simplification.

Sometimes a segmental element in a speech chain changes to another one without having been placed it in the framework of phonetic processes such as assimilation, dissimilation, assimilation of vowel and consonant and so on. This process is named “mutation” and its analysis in Shirazi accent is the subject of this research. The present paper begins with a short introduction to Iranian languages and their historical periods, a definition of “dialect” and “accent”; then Shirazi dialect, its evolutionary periods and its gradual change to accent will be offered. Then its phonological system (consonants and vowels) will be introduced and finally different kinds of “mutation” in Shirazi accent will be described in detail. The finddings in this research show that “mutation” is one of the main phonetic processes in Shirazi accent and vowel mutation has the highest frequency.