جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ادبیات فارسی » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

There is no doubt that our children are the fruits of the garden of life and they are deeply loved and adored. That's why it is highly important to learn about their rights. Apart from the law literature in which these rights are set and discussed, the Persian literary texts and the Iranian cultural heritag have also addressed them thoroughly and many Iranian literary men and women havepresented invaluable insights about them. This paper, employing a descriptive analytical method. and using library resources concludes that reading and contemplating on such literary works can have a remarkable effect both on the legislation and on the enlightenment of parents. In this research significant examples of addressing child rights in the works of literary giants like Saadi and Molawi and are mentioned, from which the parents can benefit.

Translation is a kind of constant struggle with another language and the resistance of two equal linguistic forces, which is done by the translator, and during this process, he always tries to reorganize the text to achieve a coherent whole. Translation has emerged in different periods in different ways and approaches. The close and unbreakable connection between Arabic and Persian literature and culture has led to the emergence of numerous translated texts from Arabic to Persian and vice versa, which provides a suitable field for research. The field of translation between these two languages has been very prosperous since long ago. The translation of literary texts such as Marzbannameh has been one of the most dynamic literary trends in ancient times. A large number of works have been translated from Arabic to Persian and vice versa in different genres, and various books have emerged from this passage,

The aim of this essay is to study the relation of French and American theories of comparative literature in researches conducted on the effect of Qur’an and Hadith on the Persian Literature. For this purpose first we proposed a new classification for researches conducted on the effect of Qur’an and Hadith on the Persian Literature and types of such effects on this literature; then we provided instances of the effects of Qur’an and Hadith on the Persian Literature for the research areas of French and American theories of comparative literature and clarified the capacities of each area. Finally we studied the limitations of each theory for conducting researches in this field. Explaining the wide scope of research in the area of the effects of Qur’an and Hadith on Persian Literature form the viewpoint of French and American theories is the conclusion of this research. The French theory is based on text and the American theory generally includes literature and other sciences.

The history of Persian literature has undergone tremendous changes and experienced many ups and downs following political and social developments. In this winding path, the Mashrote era has had a significant impact in various fields, especially in Persian literature. On the other hand, one of the main origins of humor in Persian literature is the Mashrote period. Since humorous literature with the help of carnival is considered a kind of innovation in the Mashrote period, the autopsy of this type of literature and the examination of its characteristics from different aspects and dimensions are of special importance. The effort made in this research is to analyze and examine the elements of carnival humor in the works of Ali Akbar Dehkhoda, Mirzadeh Eshghi and Nasim Shomal.

In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the carnival atmosphere governing Mashrote works according to Bakhtin"s carnival theory, and a descriptive-analytical method has been used to achieve the purpose of the research.

It should be said that in most of the components of carnival humor in the works of these poets, there are examples and applicable materials that show that Mashrote humor can be explained and reconciled with Bakhtin"s theory of carnival humor.

Polyphonic discourse, relativity and juxtaposition of opposite concepts, disobedience to the ruling power, non-religiousness, having a Bohlol personality, grotesque, and carnival laughter or the laughter of death are the components that are used in humor in the works of these three Mashrote writers. Meanwhile, "Bohlulvar"s character" is the biggest component in the carnival humor of Dehkhoda"s works. Mirzadeh Eshghi has also used "disobedience to the ruling power" more than other components. Nasim Shomal, however, has preferred "polyphonic discourse" over other components.

It is obvious that the lyrical verses of Persian poetry represent the most cultural patterns and signs of civilization. Examining these stories from the perspective of cultural anthropology (whose main foundations are popular culture) is a new approach to them and introduces researchers to two options: one is to investigate people's culture in the content of the stories and Another cultural influence is the narrator according to the culture in which he was raised, and this applies to all the stories that have different narrators. In this research, the various literary and cultural knowledge hidden in the Kurdish popular literature "Beit" will be compared and analyzed with the systems of classical Persian literature, especially where the structure and content of these works are related to the principles of storytelling. If it matches, it can be a valuable work in the field of cultural anthropology studies. This research describes and analyzes the cultural components from an anthropological point of view in the poem "Mehr wa Wafa" in classical Persian literature and Kurdish folk literature narrated by Mam Ahmed Lotfi. To achieve this goal, a descriptive-analytical method has been used. The findings indicate that most of the anthropological components have appeared in this system, and the amount of similarities is greater than the differences, and this indicates the intertextuality between the Persian and Kurdish systems. Another is that the Kurdish narrations of the story, although in terms of generality, theme and concept, are in accordance with the Persian narrations of the same name, but both in form and content, especially the changes and transformations of mystical, epic and lyrical culture. It is in different periods.

Persian classical literature is enriched with poetic and prosaic works that have flourished through the manifestation of unique structures, shaped by the profound musings of their brilliant authors. As the starting point of the structures in literary works, prefaces also have a special structure. Utilizing the historical documentary research method, this study seeks to unveil the fundamental structure that shapes the prefaces of five distinct types of works: narrative, didactic, moral, mystical, and historic. With a descriptive and analytical approach, the research seeks to extract a generalized structure, providing valuable insights into the topic. Most, if not all, of the prefaces to Persian literature are worthy of attention. The research conducted has revealed a consistent and systematic structure comprising 9 parts in the prefaces of the works under study. These parts follow a consistent pattern, with variations reflecting the authors' mental states, social and political circumstances, and other factors. As a result, certain aspects of these structures may either expand or be constrained depending on these influencing factors. But, in general, these 9 parts have been maintained. The extracted structure can be summarized in the macrostructure of three structures “other, self, other”. In the prefaces examined, we can observe a high level of informative content that showcases the authors' impressive abilities. With utmost dedication and remarkable precision, these prefaces demonstrate a conscious or perhaps even unconscious loyalty to their intended structure.

It is obvious that the lyrical verses of Persian poetry represent the most cultural patterns and signs of civilization. Examining these stories from the perspective of cultural anthropology (whose main foundations are popular culture) is a new approach to them and introduces researchers to two options: one is to investigate people's culture in the content of the stories and Another cultural influence is the narrator according to the culture in which he was raised, and this applies to all the stories that have different narrators.In this research, the various literary and cultural knowledge hidden in the Kurdish popular literature "Beit" will be compared and analyzed with the classical Persian literature systems, especially where the structure and content of these works are related to the principles of storytelling. If it matches, it can be a valuable work in the field of cultural anthropology studies. This research describes and analyzes the cultural components from an anthropological point of view in the poem "Bahram and Gulendam" in Persian classical literature and Kurdish folk literature narrated by Mam Ahmed Lotfi. To achieve this goal, descriptive-analytical method has been used. The findings indicate that most of the anthropological components have appeared in this system, and the amount of similarities is greater than the differences, and this indicates the intertextuality between the Persian and Kurdish systems.Another is that the Kurdish narrations of the story, although in terms of generality, theme and concept, are in accordance with the Persian narrations of the same name, but both in form and content, especially the changes and transformations of mystical, epic and lyrical culture. It is in different periods.

Outside the boundaries of the academic atmosphere, Persian literature has stood the test of time in contemporary thoughts, social and political movements, and among people as well. In fact, literary studies in this setting denote understanding the role and performance of literature in historical vicissitudes. Accordingly, the thoughts and poems of Molana Jalal al-Din Mohammad Balkhi in Morteza Motahari’s works are tracked and analyzed. The works that corresponded to content analysis are actually pieces that do not connote a common link with literature at first sight. However, in-depth analysis shows the significance of literature, specifically the thoughts and poems of Molana. Meanwhile, the results show that Motahari has reinforced some of his views by basing them on Masnavi’s pieces and structural aspects of these poems and, in the light of such works he has weakened the discourse of his counterparts. Hence, by rebuilding Motahari’s opinion on Molana, the status of thoughts and poems by this iconic figure in Persian literature in Motahari’s point of view, and consequently the unique value and performance of this view in one of the most important sociopolitical movements of the contemporary era have been discussed.

In this research, the background of wine poetry in Arabic and Persian literature and how it evolved in the literature and nation of Iran and the Arabs is shown to express the spirit of both nations. Description of wine has been an inseparable part of ancient Arabic Qside(odes) or a long time and in the course of time, this type of literature was given a complete and independent structure from Arabic Qaside(odes) by the Iranian poet of Arab descent.Hasan lbn Hani known as Abu navas with name of khamrieh. in Arabic literature, the material aspect has always prevailed in this kind of literature, and rarely did the spiritual aspect find its way, that Ibn Fariz was the representative of this type of thinking in Arabic poetry, of course, this aspect was not late in Arabic poetry. in Persian literature, due to the non-existence of poetry in the pre-islamic period, we can recover and reread the heritage of this literary form only from the time of Rudaki Samarqandi.and in addition to its material aspect and the writing of this poem in the description of wine in royal parties and gatherings by famous poets such as Daqiqi ،Kesai، Manochehri ،Khayyam and… in the description of wine and related matters to Saqi, Nadim, Motreb ,Jam(cup) , sagar (saghar) and…

Ritual literature has a long history in the history of Persian literature, which shows the importance of ritual topics and concepts for poets and Persian speakers. In the past, the main theme of ancient religious literature was myths, traditions and cultural customs, but from the Islamic era and especially with the coming of Shia governments, it took on a religious flavor. Regarding the nature of ritual poetry, especially in the contemporary era, definitions have been made that are not usually comprehensive; furthermore, there has not been a precise boundary between ritual poetry and other poetry, and sometimes in the definitions of researchers, ritual literature has been mixed with mystical, religious or didactic literature. In this paper, library research has been used to identify what ritual poetry is and present a more comprehensive definition of ritual literature. In what follows, the most common types of ritual literature are listed. The structure and content of ritual literature are briefly examined.

One of the ways to deepen the story and strengthen its impact on the audience is to properly and strongly process the character. Personality has been one of the main concerns among psychologists. The present study examines the psychology of Bahman's personality with a descriptive-analytical approach. Iran's epic works are full of heroism, heroism, masculinity, honors and victories. These works are a collection of fictional and episodic narratives that poets use personalization techniques, both directly and indirectly, to understand the psychological characteristics as much as possible The characters of these works have been appointed. Eysenck has been able to psychologicalize the characters by using Eysenck's theory of factor analysis, which complements and comprehensively complements many of the theories of personality psychology by emphasizing on the two factors of inheritance and environment, according to Eisenk Bahman in epic works with a dynamic and gray personality, and with the influence of his greedy and belligerent "institution", he has been recognized as a psychopathic and psychotic person. The result of this study is that epic works have been able to provide a solid foundation by detailing the spirits of the heroes and characters of the story Depict avalanche character analysis.

This study aims at improving the literary translation skills of German language and literature students in Iran by presenting effective solutions. The first part of this article elaborates on the concept of ‘everyday culture’ and the considerable implications it has for literature in translator education. The second part shows how different methods can be used to improve translation quality and reflect the cultural context of literary texts. The contribution of the theoretical section acts as a research hypothesis for the translation of Persian literary texts into German. To test the research hypothesis, an experiment with control and experimental groups was conducted. After the experiment, translations were analyzed. The results of this research are important for improving Iranian students’ knowledge while translating Persian literary texts into German.

This article examines the connection of national literature with the concept of world literature. From Goethe's point of view, national literature is the opposite of the literature that he calls "world literature". But are national literatures in general and other literatures "against", "opposite", or "contrary" to the view of "world literature" or "next to" and “complementary" to world literature? It is obvious that world literature owes its life, maturity and development to national literature, if a work does not first enter the domain of national literature of a country, it is less likely that it can become the domain of world literary works. Of course, there is no direct connection between national literature and world literature, that is, there is no requirement that the work must be national in order to be included in the cycle of world literature. However, being national means achieving the necessary indicators and qualities at the national level, may provide the ground for the national effect to enter the national and international level. In fact, the richness of world literature may depend on the richness of national literature and vice versa. However, if there is no mention of national literature, there will be less news about world literature. This article tries to examine the relationship between national and world literature from a theoretical perspective.

Based on the patterns taken form cognitive science and semantic approaches, conceptual metaphors entered the field of literature. Conceptual metaphors were the one that George Lekoff and Mark Johnson first claimed to design. There are images that determine the characteristics of the source territory and are written on the destination territory. Also, the sensory experiences that are the result of our interaction with our surroundings. This research is to examine the conceptual metaphors (directional, structural and ontological) in the poems of Khalil Matran and Golchin Gilani so as to examine the extent to which two poets have utilized this pattern. Furthermore, the orientation and direction of the two poets in using these images is to be examined as well. After examining the poems of these two poets separately, it was found that both poets have used these metaphors in their poems in an entirely balanced way, and they, by using the images from the conceptual metaphors, have equipped their poems with dynamism, continuity, and more speed in publication. A distinction to be addressed is that Khalil Matran has used these concepts to portray in all positions and directions (love, politics, homeland, ignorance, oppression, etc. However, Gilani's anthology, except in few cases, has benefited from this conceptual metaphor in portraying nature and conveying his feelings. </strong>

Women's writing was formed at the beginning of the 20th century following the women's movement to assert their rights, but women have been writing for a long time. Women writers have always tried to project their ideas by using writing and emphasizing female themes, and their goal was to redefine identity, break stereotypes and change the pre-defined values ​​of the patriarchal society. In this article, we are going to follow the social and literary activities of women in France by presenting a short history from ancient times to the present day, which leads to the improvement and promotion of women's position in society, then we will define women's literature, its characteristics and concepts. And finally, we will take a look at Persian women's literature, which changes a lot under the influence of French literature and currents such as feminism and the new novel, and we will show that Iranian women writers have also made great efforts to improve the social status of women. The purpose of this study is to provide a perspective of the historical course of women's literary and social activities, which can open the way for writers to conduct female-centered literary research in the field of comparative literature, and also lay the groundwork for studies in the form of social, psychological and feminist criticism.

The research tool of library resources and research documents is based on content and data research method. In the first part of this article, we follow a path of women's activities in the social and literary fields in France by presenting a short history from ancient times to the present day, then in the second part, we look at the expansion of women's writing and the influence of women's literature on the intellectual and cultural currents of society. We will discuss, and in the third part, we will examine Persian women's literature and how it is influenced by French literature and the role of Iranian women writers in improving the social status of women.

Literary works as the crystallization of individual and social thoughts have had a significant impact on the cultural and social upliftment of the society, in fact, a society can be known by examining the content and topics of its literature. Women have penned the distant past, but literary critics never thought that the writings of women writers could be a reflection of their inner and feminine characteristics. Real questions were raised about women's writing in the 20th century. Until then, only man thinks and does not consider woman as a human being who is the same and different from him at the same time. The written word and therefore literature has been monopolized by men, and the few women who have succeeded in raising their names in the history of world literature have not played a role in its fate and evolution. In fact, the term women's writing includes important concepts; this is because men's novels and writings are never mentioned, and this indicates a kind of intellectual superiority or even the real superiority of men's writings over women's; but women found writing a place for change, which provides the possibility of transforming social and cultural structures. Since women's movements are a social trend and literature is also considered a socio-cultural production, therefore, the mutual influence of these issues on each other can be investigated. Few books have written about the role of women in literature. As a reflection of society, literature is more than anything the fruit of time, place, view and social thought. Women, in turn, have a great contribution to the formation of world fiction. But have women's literature and writing influenced the fate and promotion of women's social status? What factors have played a role in the flourishing of women's writing, and finally, is the issue of women's writing limited to raising a literary feature or is it beyond this field? Due to the dominance of patriarchal culture, the image of women in literature is unrealistic, and in other words, women are interpreted as "other" in most literary works. . "Understanding the relationship between language and gender within the scope of linguistic studies is quite difficult, that's why the involvement of related social, historical and cultural studies is necessary" (Barekat, 2016: 36). Therefore, the social institutions that are reproduced in the literature are not only the expression of the individual thoughts of the artist, but also tell about the conditions of their time and society and are written based on the collective and group consciousness of their period. For a woman, writing was forbidden to enter the world and she always had the desire to violate this prohibition. Since the founding of the French Academy by Cardinal de Richelieu, for a long time only men could become members, and in fact, the Academy was like a guardian temple of the language. A kind of rejection that kept women away from a center of power, namely language. Although the mother is the first person who transmits it to the child, this deprivation actually indicated the reduction of the role of women in society, which led to many struggles to achieve their true position; Therefore, language and, as a result, literature, is the place to express many of women's desires, and they consider it a manifestation of equality between the two sexes. On the other hand, this issue allows them to occupy themselves with the creation of new literary types, create their own literature, and step into the unknown lands of writing. In fact, this non-acceptance by traditional literature prompts them to experience a new literature that is more free and easy. Finally, it can be said that if a writer's writing is considered feminine, it is because we are constantly faced with feminine themes. Expressing the inner experience and female senses is a new achievement of female writers for literature. But "the reflection of women's voices in the field of novels and literature is the only image of gender and social identification, and a review of the literature is indicative of this" (Tavakoli, 2012: 31). Women's writing style or feminine writing and the presence of women in the writing scene as a social phenomenon are not separate from each other because feminine writing is a song of difference and praise of femininity, and this is a kind of recognition for women who had to hide their identity under pseudonyms. It is also considered a social movement.

The intellectual conditions of the second half of the 20th century and its currents, such as abstract art, Einstein's theory of relativity, nihilism, the new novel, structuralism, the events of May 1968, made it possible for a critical-protest spirit to emerge, which, through access to language and speech, leads to liberation. Women contributed and opened new fields for women's writing in France. Under the influence of feminist trends, female novelists reached a new understanding of femininity and found more freedom to express their opinions and break tradition in the heart of modern fiction writing. In Iran, the number of translations of French works and the inspiration of feminist movements and the new novel provided an opportunity for contemporary women writers to rely more on the form and language of the novel and to experiment with new types of writing. Since 1339 and the birth of women's literature, the social position of women novelists as well as the number, topics and tone of women's novels have evolved significantly. Their widespread presence in the field of story writing was a reflection of the change in thinking and striving for freedom. The period after the Islamic Revolution can be considered as the period of establishing the position of women in the field of fiction writing, in which they sought to redefine their position in society by testing new forms and themes. Therefore, women's literature and writing has played a significant role in the cultural process of the society, presenting a new image of women and promoting their status.