جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « الدلاله » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

This study seeks to critically approach the threshold of the title, analyze the beauty in it, its effect on the reader, its relationship to the literary text, its connection to poetic texts, its importance in revealing the text and its secrets, and its relationship to other thresholds that constitute an entrance to the study of the text, its aesthetic enrichment, and standing on the most important distinguishing feature. These titles and their types, and monitor the manifestations of their change, and then indicate the functions of the title, which became introductory signs of the aesthetic texts and a gateway to the poet's works. The research adopted the descriptive-analytical approach in studying the most prominent texts that are closely related to the title of each of the poet’s collections, and to stand on the change that occurred to him in terms of construction, composition and form, and to indicate his semantic function that distinguished him with him, and its interrelation with the text by describing the title as a text parallel to the poetic text, and a means of The means of influencing the recipient, as well as its importance in revealing the diversity of the poet's experience and culture, and his influence on the literary and historical heritage, and the role of this in the diversity of the title and enriching its connotations.

Mafatih al-Jinan is a book of great value and great stature due to the content of its supplications which include divine knowledge and constructive human morals. Most of these supplications are literary texts that fall within classical literature, as they are full of various rhetorical and artistic features, including irony in its different variations. The present study aims to investigate irony based on its semantic structure and applications in style, tone, narration, and allusion paradox. The study focuses on its application in the supplications compiled in Mafatih al-Jinan, excluding prayers dealing with rites of visits to holy shrines with their related accessories and scripts dealing with other acts of devotion and benevolence. It presents the excerpts that contain an ironical structure in different styles, by analyzing the supplications through a descriptive, interpretive, and analytical method to investigate irony, clarify its types, and decipher its codes. It attempts to reach the hidden meanings and connotations to shed light on the intended meaning, according to its semantic structure. The results of the study show that the use of irony in supplications is the result of psychological demands and the outcome of mental perceptions, which have been used to embody human reality and take it out of the scope of abstract subjectivity to the scope of sensory objectivity. In addition, the diversity in the applied patterns indicates the aptitude of the caller in the produced and delivered discourse.

The context is an essential tool in understanding ambiguous meanings and even discovering the intentions of the speaker in the use of letters, words, and sometimes strange phrases. The reader, while reading a text, receives its letters, words, and sayings in a specific mental path and recalls it through the first spaces in which this text was written. The Qur’anic text has received several readings that differ according to the cultural references from which the writer departs. Among these readings is the theory of context and the extent of its impact on meaning. In this study, we dealt with the context because of its importance in defining meanings and understanding the Qur’anic text. The origin of the contextual theory dates back to the ancient Arabs. They had pioneering efforts in caring for the context circle at the scientific and theoretical level, such as Al-Jahiz and Abd al-Qaher al-Jurjani. This topic has also captured the attention of modern researchers. One of them is Sheikh Haidar Hobbollah, who has found foundations and issues that, due to the compatibility of structural aspects with the meanings of the words of the Holy Quran, inform us of the understanding of the text of the Quran and its interpretation in a more expressive and accurate way. It prevents us from making mistakes in the process of understanding the meanings of the Qur'an. We find that the theory of context and the extent of its impact on the meaning was not overlooked by our early scholars, as they were looking at the meaning of the word in the Holy Qur’an without neglecting the circumstances surrounding it. Al-Jahiz, Ibn Jinni, and Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani focused on knowing pronunciations from the contexts contained. The systems theory of Abd al-Qaher al-Jurjani had a clear impact on defining the meanings of words according to their contexts. We also know that the text and the textual structure have a unique role in understanding the meanings of the text in general, so that the meaning of each word in the text is not determined except through the structure in which it is placed, and that the overall structure of the text may be devoid of content meaning.  Modern scholars may state that the meaning is revealed only through the contextualization of the linguistic unit, i.e. placing it in different contexts. Likewise, the meaning of the semantic units cannot be described or determined except after we have noticed all the semantic units that are adjacent to them. Accordingly, searching for the meaning of words requires an analysis of the contexts and situations in which they occur, even those that are non-linguistic. It is based on the fact that scholars of the orientalists and contemporary Arabs have tried to present various models or divisions of the types of contexts through which the meaning can be directed along with the hidden and secondary connotations that the literary text may not suggest at the first glance. Among these classifications is Kurt Emmer’s four-way division. It includes 1) linguistic, 2) emotional, 3) situational and structural, and 4) cultural aspects. Each of these four areas or divisions includes examples that reveal to the audience the secret of multiple and sometimes different meanings that may occur for a word throughout the context. In other words, this is what leads us to deal with Sheikh Haider's structural thoughts with his semantic view of some verses of the Quran, in order to highlight the importance of this semantic context in revealing the face of the hidden meanings in the Holy Quran as the best and highest literary text that has been revealed so far. The importance of the Qur’anic context lies in identifying the secrets of the Holy Qur’an and its subtleties, as it is a great principle of interpretation that must be relied upon in interpretation. The study identifies the miraculous secrets of the Holy Qur’an from the perspective of Sheikh Haidar Hobbollah and clarifies the impact of the context in knowing the significance of the Qur’anic text. It approves a focal point in examining the facts of the Qur’anic text on the basis of the semantic contextualization approach adopted by Sheikh Haidar Hobbollah.

Presentation and delay is one of the valleys of rhetoric, and one of the treasures of eloquence, and it is a chapter of many benefits, the size of the merits, and it is extensive in disposal. A section that includes introduction and delay in the science of rhetoric, which is to present some of the pillars and parts to another, and the reasons for it, which are the emphasis and specification in the introduction, or the introduction of the cause etc... The other discusses the introduction and delay of vocabulary in the Qur'an; towards the jinn and mankind, the heavens and the earth, the night and the day, the sun and the moon, and other names; The reason for presenting some of the vocabulary is due to the context and the presumptions and the interest of the street in the introduction, and we have discussed in it some of the views of the commentators and rhetoricians.

The impact of the incident of al-Taff, the martyrdom of Imam al-Hussein, peace be upon him, and his companions, and what happened to the Ahl Albait, from persecution, killing, and desecration, appeared in the literary arts, where we find the most wonderful elegies in the recording of these events and the great tragedy. And whose name emerges among the expressors of this great tragedy is the Shiite poet Sayyid Haider al-Hilli, where elegies constituted a basic section and a major theme of his poems, which need deep research in terms of style and context of poetry. So, this research aimed at a stylistic study of the rhythmic structure of Sayyid Haider al-Hilli's elegy, which was represented in the external and internal. rhythms. The results of the study indicate that Bahr al-Taweel, Compound Bahour and Complete Bahour are more frequent in elegies. And the poet was able to extract from one sea different musical melodies with the diversity of his emotions and feelings. The absolute rhyme formed a complete presence in the elegies, as the poet resorted to employing this type of rhyme for his desire to communicate his voice to the recipient with the greatest degree of clarity. The method of repetition in the elegies was consistent with the psychological state that the poet is going through, as well as the intended meaning that he seeks to present. The incomplete naturalization and derivational naturalization constitute a wide presence compared to the complete naturalization. This is attributed to the efforts made by the poet in bringing the concept and the desired meaning closer to the mind of the recipient in comparison to the complete naturalization that creates a kind of ambiguity in bringing the intended meaning closer.

Stylistics is one of the literary criticism methods for studying literary and linguistic phenomena to evaluate the aesthetic, semantic and psychological aspects of the text. This article has selected two Quranic dialogues by Zakaria and Maryam to characterize their stylistic aspects at the level of sound, music, words, phrases and meaning. The difference between superficial meanings of phrases and their deep, hidden meanings are determined, to check if the gender difference had linguistic and semantic influences on the speeches.The results indicate that, at the phonetic level, the two conversations use loud vowels repeatedly to create a kind of subtle phonetic connection. On syntactic and synthetic levels, in Maryam's conversation, the words are selected in a way to amplify peace of mind and reassurance, while avoiding false slander and impairing her modesty. She uses apologetic phrases accompanied by a kind of shame to absolve herself of the accusation. Regarding Zakaria's conversation, it can be said that words and phrases appropriate to his weakness and old age and complaining about not having a child are used in the form of prayer. In general, the sound of words and words and phrases used in these two conversations provide an accurate picture of the personality, moral and emotional characteristics of the two charactersKey Words: Stylistics, structure, semantics, Zakaria, Maryam Stylistics, as a discipline, delves into the analysis and interpretation of various textual works, drawing from the rich domains of linguistics and literature. With a critical lens, it seeks to unravel the intricate phenomena woven into these texts, exploring the complex interplay between form and meaning. By meticulously scrutinizing the methods of formulation and expression employed by authors, stylistics aims to unveil the underlying semantic, aesthetic, and psychological dimensions that shape the text's impact on the reader.At its core, stylistics recognizes the power of language and literary devices in conveying a writer's intended message and evoking a desired response. It goes beyond mere comprehension of the content and structure of a text and delves into the artful utilization of linguistic and literary elements. By closely examining the choices made in terms of word selection, sentence structure, figurative language, and rhetorical devices, stylistics sheds light on the deliberate craftsmanship employed by writers to create engaging and impactful works of literature.One of the defining characteristics of stylistics is its ability to uncover the prominent influences that shape a writer's creative process. It investigates the cultural, historical, and social factors that influence the choices made by authors, offering insights into the broader context in which the text was produced. Whether it be the influence of a specific literary movement, the impact of social norms and values, or the author's personal experiences, stylistics unveils the layers of inspiration that contribute to the formation of literary masterpieces.The present study embarks on a captivating exploration of two profound Quranic discourses attributed to the esteemed figures of Zakariya the Prophet and Mrs. Maryam (peace be upon them). These remarkable discourses are found within the noble verses of Surat Al-Imran and Surat Maryam, immersing readers in accounts of miraculous births. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, our research aims to establish clear and concise definitions of the terminologies central to our study. With this foundation, we delve into a comprehensive analysis of these discourses, meticulously examining their phonetic, syntactic, and semantic dimensions. Our ultimate goal is to unravel the congruence and divergence between the discourses in terms of subject matter and style. Additionally, we aim to identify the linguistic and artistic factors that contribute to these discernible distinctions. Through this meticulous analysis, we seek to unearth the stylistic choices, structural patterns, and vocabulary employed by the authors to convey their attitudes, ideas, and reactions toward the awe-inspiring phenomenon of miraculous childbirth.In delving deeper into the fabric of these discourses, our focus naturally turns toward the phonetic aspects that underpin their rhetorical power. We navigate the emotional and evocative role played by the nuanced timbre of the sounds employed, recognizing their profound impact on the overall tone and delivery. Furthermore, our study extends to encompass the lexical, syntactic, and semantic levels. By doing so, we aim to reveal the underlying disparities between the superficial and deep structures of the discourses. This extensive exploration brings to light the artistic characteristics of each speech, unveiling the hidden layers of meaning that lie dormant within their profound narratives. Moreover, our investigation emphasizes the influence of factors such as the differing locations and genders of the authors. By shedding light on these elements, we gain insights into how they contribute to the discernible distinctions and potential superiority of one discourse over the other in terms of linguistic structure, syntax, and semantics.One remarkable outcome arising from our meticulous research at the phonetic level is the recurrence of a motif reminiscent of the ebb and flow of a tide. This deliberate deployment of phonetic elements engenders a sense of harmonious coherence, bestowing a gentle rhythm that amplifies the inherent tenderness conveyed within the delivery of the discourses. This particular choice proves exquisitely fitting, considering the supplicatory nature characterizing each discourse. In her vulnerable state, Maryam unequivocally disavows the birth of a child, expressing profound terror and even daring to wish for death. To confront and repel the slander unjustly leveled against her by her people, she masterfully employs soft phrases, accompanied by a tone suggestive of modesty and grace. In stark contrast, Zakariya's speech adroitly adopts words and structures that perfectly align with his circumstances. He vocalizes his lamentation of physical weakness and graying hair, invoking a sense of heartfelt supplication. Through the deliberate repetition of supplications, Zakariya's deep longing for a son is unequivocally articulated, reflecting the profound depth of his desire.As we delve into the profound intricacies permeating these sacred texts, we are invited to marvel at the inherent artistry embedded within their narratives. Through the lens of stylistics, we develop a profound appreciation for the literary craftsmanship demonstrated by the author, while gaining a deeper understanding of the multifaceted layers of meaning that enrich their extraordinary narratives.

The comma is one of the branches of Qur'anic song in visualizing the meaning and influencing the mind of the receiver. In order to achieve its goals, the Qur'an has paid attention to it as well as its meaning and context, so that if it is left out, the meaning of the verse will be distorted. From here, it is noted that the Qur'an sometimes deviates from the order of its words due to distance, and this deviation will have an amazing effect on the arrangement of words and the modification of its letters. In this research, the careful selection of strange words of the Qur'an and their use in space as a means of melodious and effective expression in conveying meaning and on the listener's soul are discussed. Its phonetic and semantic importance are combined in the explanation and analysis of the word, so that it is no longer appropriate to separate them from each other. This research is limited to the song of distance that is found in Surah Najm, because the Qur'an has preferred the use of strange terms here and has switched from the word (unfair) or (incomplete) to a more strange word. This tableau is a simultaneous reflection of drawing meaning and phonetic consistency. The approach of this research is descriptive and analytical based on the description of phonetic deviation phenomenon, rhetorical and semantic goals and subtleties of choosing the word in the context in which it is used, and among the most obvious results of this research is the impossibility of substituting a word for Another word in a context in the Holy Quran is in the full expression of the meaning in an equal form, the purpose of the words, and the accuracy of the choice of the word as a complement to the meaning and the song together.

Educational systems aim to employ all modern methods in educational situations in multiple ways to make educational lessons more effective and efficient. Following up on these sensitive and rapid developments has become a need that cannot be ignored. Among the strategies of educational methods to keep pace with the cognitive transformation, the play has emerged as a contemporary tool that contributes to enhancing the grammatical variable of conversational skill. Communicating with flexibility and smoothness is required for non-native Arabic learners. Teaching the play can help non-native Arabic language learners become more fluent in the language and become critical, analytical, and creative thinkers. It can also help students question, interpret, communicate, and explore. Learning the features of the modern language, specifically grammatical and morphological rules, and using expressions to speak clearly, precisely, and concisely are all benefits of teaching the play to non-native Arabic language learners.
Plays can promote all four skills, cultural awareness, linguistic awareness, and motivation. They are valuable tools in language classes. When used well, this kind of training can significantly increase proficiency. The study present investigated the effect of using the play in strengthening the grammatical variable of conversational skill among Iranian learners at the bachelor’s level. The study adopted the quasi-experimental approach. The sample of the study consisted of 30 male and female students at the bachelor’s level. It was conducted in the fifth semester of the academic year (2020-2021) at the University of Tehran. The participants were divided into two groups: the experimental group consisted of 15 male and female students who had undergone teaching the play ‘Her Majesty’, and the control group consisted of 15 male and female students who were taught in the usual way at the university.
The researcher utilized a set of tools to collect the data, including tests, interviews, and observations, and used a set of statistical methods using the SPSS program, which were represented by the use of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation index) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene's test and covariance test). The tools were prepared and their validity and reliability were verified. The study demonstrated the impact of digitally utilizing Tawfiq al-Hakim’s play Her Majesty on the performance of both male and female students in acquiring the grammatical variable of speaking skill. The study concluded that there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the participants in the experimental and control groups in the pre- and post-test. The reason for this effect is attributed to several factors. Using the play helps increase the ability to understand and comprehend grammatical rules, and the play helps to employ the grammatical database that students possess so that they express it in a specific way through which they try to use what they have learned to embody ideas and present them in a correct way. The play is a powerful tool for creating more participation in learning environments. It also contains a series of attractive dialogues and multiple characters and events. These are among the most important issues in which the researcher sees the importance of distinguishing the play from other educational methods, as it contributes to increasing students’ ability to learn.

This study examines the semantic evolution of some Qur'anic words and reveals the influence of Islam in the semantic development of words compared to the ignorance period. This research begins by examining the usage of the words during the ignorance period, then examines its meanings in the Holy Quran in order to achieve the semantic expressions of these words. The purpose of this study is to know the words’ meanings used in the ignorance period. Then Islam has added the second and third meaning to them or fundamentally changed the meaning of the words. Therefore, the common usages of the words were left out. Contrary to our imagination, when we follow the verses reached to us from the ignorance period, we come across the words whose meanings don’t correspond to this period, so it is necessary to be considered. Muslims wanted the Quranic culture to prevail, so they edited some verses that had a religious theme and attributed them to Jahili poets. Some intellectuals may disagree with this point of view and do not accept them, so it is safe to accept that Jahili poets also used these words as it was used during the ignorance period. In this research, the semantic evolution of the words nīkī, khayr, and jihad is investigated.

This research studies the relationship between the technique form and the expression forming.It shows the difference in meaning between the pronounciation in dictionary and structure and what it connects to, like technical forming and what it includes of the connection between the grammatical structure in meaning and the way to discoverthe meaning throughout the structure, and the link of the structures in language in giving the meaning.And the influence of the different structures in forwarding (sending) meanings.As ,I will search in semantical leaving in pronounciation , during the study of the difference between the hidden meaning in pronouynciation only and the meaning that'd we have when we build (form ) vocabularies in the different uses .And I will also search in the indication in sending semantics and the pronounciation in general.And I`ll talk about the technique use for pronounciation to show the way how we use the pronounciation in expressing in uncommon way which gives a new meaning.

One of the important issues in the affairs of the Arabic is the study of the relationship of this language with modern linguistic research theories, especially after the emergence of the new science of language as an independent science. At the beginning of the twentieth century, when the direction of linguistic studies changed with the ideas and orientations of the linguist, Ferdinand de Saussure, linguistic research in the Arab world was affected by these trends, especially after Noam Chomsky presented his transformational generative theory. This theory provided a methodological framework for researchers in the Arabic language, as they tried to conform to the idea of the universality of grammar that was one of the endowments of this theory, so they applied some of its concepts to the Arabic language. The authors of this research have noticed that there is a relationship between the approaches and perceptions of contemporary Arab linguists in the study of their Arabic grammar and Chomsky's efforts in his transformational generative theory. This research, based on the descriptive-analytical method, aimed to reveal the grammatical views of Muhammad Hamasa Abd al-Latif and his preferences according to the transformational generative theory. Among the most important findings of the study are; Chomsky believes, in his generative-transformational theory, the superficial structure and the deep structure of sentences, and Abd al-Latif agrees with this view, and Abd al-Latif believes that the syntax as a whole and intonation also reveal the deep structure. Abd al-Latif refers to the importance of the position, the position and the context, and this reference indicates that he is bound by the generative-transformative approach that does not care about the context of the position or the position.

The irony comes in different forms and multiple patterns, according to the amount of influence, how it is formed, sides of paradox, appearance and meaning, creator's point of view, function of paradox in presenting image and meaning, etc. The research tried to determine the circle of its study on some paradox patterns such as The structural irony, the irony of conception or visualization and the gestural irony according to their semantic structure in the supplications of the keys to heaven, to show the possibility of this form in using this technique, which is considered a new technique even though it was used in ancient literature since the early ages to shed light on the purpose and establish impact on the recipient. It also tries to show the possibility of supplications in enriching form and meaning by using paradox in these patterns .For this purpose, the present study analyzed the prominent examples of supplications in Mafatih al-jinan and compared them with the studies done in other works outside the research and came to the conclusion that Supplications due to their literary and artistic richness and connection with the world of revelation, many It contains the verbal techniques that made it stand out among the old literary works, and another point is that the contradiction in the supplication was not only a formal presence, but it was also skillfully used in the meaning dimension and helped to present the meaning to be more visible and prominent.

The phenomenon of linguistic substitution is characterized by textuality, and it contributes to the creation of a coherent text so that the messages of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) were linguistically replaced by linguistic and semantic connections to infuse them with new linguistic manifestations. On the basis of the argument that the imam’s speech can contribute to participation in linguistic theories and phenomena, including the phenomenon of linguistic substitution, the article aims at the role of the imam’s speech in enriching the phenomenon of linguistic substitution with new linguistic manifestations and concepts and clarifying the type of substitution he has in addition to knowing its form. It seeks to answer how the forms of substitution and their semantic features in the Imam’s letters, and to show his linguistic vision towards substitution, and in this field he followed the descriptive-analytical approach, relying on semantics and linguistic views to clarify the objectives and questions, so that he concluded that the form of substitution may vary in substance and overlap in form and vice versa. It merges with the stylistic aspect, and there is a tandem lexical substitution, so that the forms of substitution of the Imam fall under the lexical and grammatical level, and may come out to the rhetorical and stylistic level so that they combine with the stylistic aspects, which generates the lexical and grammatical level as a rhetorical and stylistic level as linguistic and semantic features so that the Imam’s.

Stylistic studies intend to study the structure of poetry and to analyze its parts and the purpose is to reveal its arrangement according to the phonological, structural and rhetorical levels, in order to distinguish between the literary products and to judge the volubility of it; the literary text is interspersed with weakness and refraction. stylistics studies intend to study stylistic structures in literary discourse, "the rhythmic, synthetic and semantic structure." Its purpose is to reveal the relationships that bind these structures, in order to reach the uniqueness of the literary discourse in terms of its linguistic structure and the realization of the artistic and literary value that lies behind it. This study aimed to study the stylistics and style of language and terminology and its three levels: The phonemic level, the semantic level, and the syntactic level, and made a stylistic comparison in two poems: One is Shams al-Din al-Kufi and the other for Ibn Shahid. In the first poem, the poet laments his beloved city "Baghdad" and in the other he weeps for his loss of “Cordoba”. After studying the stylistic features and characteristics in both poems and comparing them, the conclusion is that both poets have used stylistic features to give it meanings that the apparent language is unable to convey to the recipient. Upon comparison, it became clear that each of them had surpassed in some characteristics over its owner and failed in others. and there is an intentional balance in the rhythm of the two poems.

The audience's perceptions of the text's meaning and author are influenced by its structure. The impact of a work is multiplied if it has a straightforward, logical structure combined with linguistic and moral aesthetics (eloquence and eloquence). Every text has a unique structure that gives it individuality and influences how literary the text is. Religious writings can be categorized in a number of structural directions. This essay examines the grammatical and rhetorical structures of Surah Fatir and how they manifest in its Persian translation using the descriptive-analytical technique. One of the causes of parallelism between source and destination texts is paying attention to grammatical and rhetorical tendencies. The translator has attempted to translate the verbal and conceptual complexities in accordance with the structure of the source text into the structure of the target text using the simplest expressions in an artistic manner and with respect for veracity. This has involved interacting with the grammatical and rhetorical structures used in the Surah. Furthermore, the desired performance of the translator is more closely linked to the transfer of grammatical than rhetorical components.

Adverbs add to the meaning of the word and clarify its different angles in such a way that it can be said the more the verbal adverbs are, the greater its meaning will be and its implications become wider. Time and place adverbs are most commonly used in Arabic because every action takes place at a time and occurs in a place. Al-Khansa is one of the most famous Arab poets and the pioneer of making jeremiad of that nation. In this article, the author intends to examine the time and place adverbs in Al-Khansa's poetry in order to clarify how the poet has used them to creating meaning? And what roles have these adverbs played in the images which she has created? The method chosen to conduct this research is a descriptive analytical method and sometimes the use of statistics. The results of this research point to the fact that Al-Khansa has used well-known adverbs to express her emotions, which more reflects the grief of the loss of her relatives, and has created meaning and innovations through the proper use of them. She has added to her admiration through using adverbs which has placed him at the top of that trait. Occasionally, by using specific adverbs, such as giving or delaying, she extracts her intended meaning. The poet has also used the adverbs for the richness of the simile and metaphorical images she creates, and she used them to creat metonymic images.

Repetition is a stylistic phenomenon used by Arabs when adding an extra meaning they cannot obtain without it. It strings together the parts of a piece of information related to a single reference displaying repetition.Repetition also has its rhetorical and semantic features dictated by the context in which they occur. Moreover, word and meaning repetitions can occur, and may occur in wards, not in meaning, and they happen in a sentence or a single ward. In so doing, Ibn Muqbel asserts among other things, a meaning he wants to instill in recipients, relying on his modes of poetic expression.

Time is a fundamental issue in the formation of narrative discourse because the discourse is considered to be one of the temporal arts and the form of the narrative structure is determined based on its temporal structure. Time is no longer a sequential concept in the modern world novel, in general, and in the modern Arabic novel, in particular. The structure of the narrative no longer depends on the logic of causality, so we see a shift in the time of the novelists’ works. Haidar Haidar, a Syrian novelist, is one of the novelists who uses time structurally and semantically to break the time continuity and create an anachronism between the story time and discourse. Using the descriptive-analytical method and Gerard Genet’s theory, this study examines the narrative time in the novel Al-zaman al-Mouhesh by Haidar Haidar. Its purpose is to examine the structure and function of narrative time and its implications. The results of the present study showed that the structure of time in this novel is circular or rotatory, serving the dialectical notions of the novel. In addition, the mismatch between the structure of the narrative and the story creates analepsis and prolepsis, and this is done by accelerating techniques such as summarizing, deleting, and showing the scene. Therefore, at the structural level, the monotony breaks the rhythm of the novel and diversifies it, and at the semantic level, it manages to convey its psychological and social concepts and implications.

Arabic and English languages resemble each other not only in many linguistic characteristics but also in all aspects. This can be ascribed to their belonging to the same linguistic family that they can even be deemed as two dialects of a single old language. Therefore, the comparative lesson seeks to deduce inherent rules that are conducive to the service of both languages. The importance of such rules comes from their ability to settle controversial issues which has remained for years as speculations and analyses far from the linguistic reality. In addition to what Hebrew language offers, both politically and religiously, since the deliberative studying of which reveals the intellectual and humanitarian dimension of its user. So, there are research in two levels of the lingual lesson: the lexicon and semantics levels by studying common words phonetically، which change by the cross-use، circulation semantic so moved auctioneering or expanded or upgraded or degenerated، and this is Because the inevitability of verbal participation in the languages ​​that should interact with each other thereby creating this interaction phenomena of language does not know what they were، unless we search for assets in the original language that made them.

Whoever knows the Arabic language can recognize clearly that the Holy Quran is a literary text with no example in terms of fluency and eloquence. As a result, it influences listeners and reciters because it enjoys stylistic, artistic, and aesthetic specialties. Therefore, it is worth analyzing the text of the Holy Quran to discover its beautiful characteristics and elements. The SurahAl-Jathiyah is one of the most beautiful chapters of the Holy Quran in terms of form and content, starting with the letters ‘Ha Mim’ along with the words ‘Allah’ and ‘Ayaat’ being frequent in it. This research aims to study the SurahAl-Jathiyah (meaning crouching) using a descriptive-analytical approach from a stylistic perspective in terms of three layers of phonics, linguistic construction, and semantics. On the first layer, phonetic features that have higher frequencies play a role in creating musicality and rhythm and make hearts fond and ready for the obedience as well as complementing the meaning. In terms of linguistic construction, through the study of other stylistic features such as the precedence and delay, repetitions, questions, omissions, and definite and indefinite articles, it was shown that the Holy Quran has used stylistic features well in order to beautify the speech and show miracle in its expression. The accuracy in the selection of words, use of synonyms, antonyms, and homonyms were also among other impressive stylistic features of the Holy Quran.