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This research aims to investigate the standards for sustainable development when organizing content of Arabic textbooks in junior high school, utilizing a survey methodology. The primary tool for this study is a questionnaire developed by the researcher, encompassing criteria for religious, social, environmental, economic, and intellectual-scientific development. Descriptive statistics and correlation tests such as Pearson, ANOVA, and Friedman are employed for data analysis and description. The findings suggest an overall weak level of sustainability for development criteria in organizing the content of junior high school Arabic textbooks. Specifically, three criteria including environmental, social, and economic criteria exhibit a weak level of desirability, while only two criteria, religious and intellectual-scientific criteria, achieve a moderate desirability level. Regarding the correlation between criteria and sustainable development, the results indicate that environmental, social, and economic criteria have the highest correlation but have not reached a desirable level. It is recommended to improve the organization of junior high school Arabic textbooks based on sustainable development criteria by not only preserving religious and intellectual-scientific criteria but also incorporating environmental, social, and economic development criteria into the content of these books.

Gill Blass's biography is a four-volume French novel by Alain René. This novel has been translated by one of the greatest translators named Mirza Habib Isfahani. The story of Gill Blass is one of the most popular French folk tales In the form of social realism, it reflects the political, economic, and cultural issues of the society of the author's age as a mirror of the whole. One of the main axes of any society is its writers, who in their works reflect the virtues and virtues of societies. The mission of the translators of the works is not to change the cultural identity of the works during the translation and to make them the same as in the original text. Include in your writing with minor changes. This article is an analytical-descriptive method and using the library resources of the folkloric issues of the Lossage era, which is evident in the novel by Gill Blass ,It has examined and shown that both the author and the translator have reflected on political, social and cultural issues in their writing. The result of the research shows that some cultural components are rooted in the collective patterns of societies and are common in different societies; But there are also components that are specific to a particular community. Translation of non-Persian works acquaints Persian speakers with common issues in different societies and causes modeling and cultural development of societies. Throughout the history of Iranian literature, it is clear that these translations from foreign languages, in the age of awakening, have caused Iranians to become aware of their cultural identity, to revive their rights. As a result, it has followed feminist movements in Iran.

Tourism has turned into one of the most significant and influential industries in the world economy. In addition to its effects on the macroeconomic environment, this industry through its development has had variety of positive and negative effects, one of which is concerned with citizens’ levels of happiness. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate tourism development and its effects on the happiness level of residents in the city of Kashan. The research method is descriptive-analytical. One-sample T-test and a structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data of the questionnaire. The results, obtained from the one-sample T-test, showed the significance of macroeconomic indicators, cultural dimension, social dimension, economic-social dimension, environmental dimension, and the quality of life on the happiness levels of the residents of Kashan. The results of a structural equation modeling displayed that among the measured indicators the social-economic index has the highest factor loading with a weight of 0.91. The cultural and environmental factors are ranked second with the same factor loadings of 0.86. The factors such as macroeconomics, the social dimension, the quality of life, and happiness index are ranked next with factor loadings of 0.71, 0.58, 0.84, and 0.63 respectively. After a more detailed analysis of the indicators, the creation of job and the earning of income, among positive effects of tourism, have led to the well-being and happiness of residents as well as the improvement of their appearance and authenticity.

A thorough understanding of literary works depends on examining each of them from different angles. Since Beyhaqi's History contains messages in the fields of history, wisdom, and politics, it has often been studied and researched primarily from the perspective of social conditions and governmental and political currents. Which often have a separate identity from the history and politics of the dead.In this article, by meditating on the historical narrative, we seek to explore the process of identity and development of the author by exploring the words of Farklaf, and to look beyond the language of the author, the attitude that is the main foundation of his identity and development.Also, since Kelileh and Demneh's book contains messages in the field of history, wisdom and politics, first of all, it has been studied and researched often from the perspective of social situation and governmental and political currents, and with all its value, it is possible to Research has shown that concepts such as ethics, economic development, doctrinal and religious concepts, etc., have been overlooked.

India's quest to become a world-class developed economic power has enabled India to take an active approach in its economic diplomacy, as part of India's continued economic growth and development depends on its economic diplomacy. So India needs to set clear priorities for its economic diplomacy. This paper examines the priorities of India's economic diplomacy in order to sustain India's economic development and how these priorities have an impact on India's economic relations with Iran. The research method used in this study is descriptive-analytical and data gathering is documentary. The conceptual framework used in this research is economic diplomacy. The results show that India's most important economic diplomacy priorities are energy security, facilitation of flow of goods and services, attracting foreign direct investment and communication and utilization of overseas Indian labor force, and India to fulfill some of these priorities including Energy security and increased trade and facilitating transit of goods require cooperation with Iran.

In his Persian Novel called "Rahesh",Reza Amirkhani considers managers'technocratic perspective as the main origin of unbalanced urban development and depicts its risks from a traditionalistic viewpoint.The main purposeof thisstudy is tostudy the reflectionsof traditional aswellas technocratic views toward development.Besides,through internal criticism and based on Frankfurt School's theoretical framework,it attempts to find an answerto the following question:"Howisthedevelopmentpatternportrayedin"Rahesh"againsttraditionalistandtechnocratic viewpoints?"In the aforementioned novel, these two different perspectives have been portrayed in the light of male and female protagonist of the story and their identity-related differences have been contrasted. A'la is the symbol of technocracy, is the defendant of technocratic development, renovation, and modern life style.Lia is the symbol of tradition,is asupporter of past structures and is critical of the dominance of modern system and structures on the natural environment.The only technocratic representation studied in Amirkhani's novel is the urban infrastructure. Hepromotestraditionalisticviewpointinconsideringtheculturalandsoftware-related aspectsof development.However,histraditionalistic ideolog yinassessmen to furban development is a mixture ofreligion mysticism, traditions and customs, nostalgic sensations, environmental concerns,etc. as awhole,his plot portrays the tradition discourse as being more sensible and justified;however,itprovestobeweakandpooragainstthepoweroftechnocracy.Especially,consideringthe fact that theadministrative power oftechnocratic discourse is much higher and tradition is faced with more significant challenges.The weak portrayal of thought conflict and the semantic system of both discourses, one-sided criticism over technocrats,uni-dimensional representation of dilemmas and ignorance of other factors has confronted the plot with aturbulent and deficient representation of the role played by various discourses in critical circumstances of urban development pattern and presented us with a perspective of bewilderment in Iran's national development plans.

Loitering is a form of leisure in advanced urban communities that is often done individually with the intention of enjoying and thinking. The cultural and political discourses that govern the city affect the quality of the Loitering experience. Following the modernization of Iranian cities, Loitering has become widespread among various social strata, especially the youth. Based on the cultural studies, we examine how the experience of Loitering is represented in the novel chark-dande-ha (2009). Since our goal is to study and interpret the interactions of subject and social space in the literary text, in this study we have used the method of content category analysis with a thematic unit and seek to answer the question what is the motivation and departure point of the subject for Loitering? What interactions does it have with itself, others, and the city during the Loitering, and what is the end result? In the story how do the prevailing ideologies affect the quality of the Loitering experience? The results show that the selective approach of society towards modernism has a destructive effect on the subject perception of the city and makes the experience of Loitering bitter and disturbing. The loiterer subject is deprived of the culture of urbanization but demands the benefits of the urban world. His main motivation in this novel was prosperity, fun and regaining lost youth. What he experiences is humiliation, alienation and abnormality. He finds a way out of violence, revenge and insanity, and eventually commits suicide.

Language is the sign of mental development and an instrument of understanding. It has a very important role in cognitive and social development. Language is mingled with thought. Thoughts are conveyed through language. Words are the basic units, which construct the spoken and written language. In order to express the ideas, one needs words. Therefore, words and the way of learning them are essential processes for all the speakers of a language. Communication is possible through speaking. However, in order to be a successful communicator, it is necessary to pay attention to all the skills of the language. Learning a foreign language is an essential component in foreign language learners’ lives for the challenges that they face during this process. Most of the challenges posed in this stage are due to the learners’ limited exposure to that language. Vocabulary learning is at the core of language learning. Vocabulary Learning Strategies (VLS) facilitate this process. The present study aimed to investigate three common types of vocabulary learning strategies, including rote memorization, mnemonic memorization, and contextualized memorization used by advanced Iranian EFL learners. The design of this study was quasi-experimental. It consisted of three experimental groups and one control group. A website was designed by the researchers for the sake of this study. The website helped the researchers in the process of scoring and reduced the probability of cheating among the participants, so it increased the reliability of the study. Some eighty advanced female Iranian learners (20 in each group) participated in this study. The participants were selected according to the results of the Quick Placement Test. The advanced level learners were chosen on the basis of convenient sampling. At the beginning, a pretest was administered to the learners. Approximately one hundred and fifty words were selected from the book named “Borron’s Essential Words for the TOEFL”. The words were taught to the learners in fifty sessions by three different rote, mnemonic and contextualized. The teacher was one of the researchers. There were also immediate and delayed posttests at the end; however, the immediate and delayed posttests were different in the order of the questions and choices. The results were analyzed by SPSS software. A one-way ANOVA was conducted. In terms of inferential statistics, this study showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group. The mnemonic group was meaningfully better than the contextualized group, the contextualized group outperformed the rote group meaningfully, and finally the rote group had a better performance when compared with the control group.  In descriptive terms, the findings of this study showed that those who were taught using the mnemonic strategy had the highest mean in both immediate (M=39.3) and delayed (M=39) posttests, and showed a better performance than the other groups. The findings of the study have some implications for classroom practice. Therefore, this study might have some beneficial pedagogical implications for both teachers and learners by helping them redefine their proper responsibilities. In a broad sense, this study may help teachers to remember that no single L2 instructional methodology fits all learners. Strategies help determine a particular learner’s ability and willingness to work within the framework of various instructional methodologies. It is foolhardy to think that a single L2 methodology could possibly fit an entire class filled with learners who have a range of stylistic and strategic preferences. Instead, the teachers should be aware of different strategies used by learners and apply the most suitable methods. These methods could allow creative variety to meet the needs of all learners in class. The results of the present study can make writers aware of the conventions of their discipline and help teachers to be careful in using different vocabulary learning strategy types to develop vocabulary and to improve reading and writing in a more natural way. The findings of this research can also contribute to the improvement of the ability to understand the language of written academic discourse. In the present study the application of vocabulary learning strategies resulted in successful learning among language learners. It is worth mentioning that applying these strategies are fruitful for both teachers and learners. They can help both groups to be successful in their practices. Also, even less proficient learners and novice teachers can find something interesting. However, syllabus designers and material writers can use the advantages of these vocabulary learning strategies in writing and developing English materials.

The visual stories of the child should be such that they simultaneously familiarize the child with the two linguistic and visual structures, eliminating his focus from text to image and vice versa and assisting him in understanding the information of the story and contributing effectively and purposefully. Perry Nodelman, a theorist in the field, argues that the correct relationship between image and text is that they both share or extend each other with specific characteristics. Otherwise, the relationship between image and text is incorrect. In order to provide a suitable context for the child's involvement with the text, he introduces certain characteristics in the analysis and critique of the correct and incorrect relation between the image and the text. The present study attempts to evaluate and critique the descriptive-analytic method of several selected child stories by Mohammad al-Abd on the basis of these characteristics. The results show that most of these stories (94%) have a correct relation between text and image. Also, the image and text extension index plays a large role (61%) in the correct relation between text and image. Accordingly, the storyteller and painter became aware of the child's world and his or her interests and desires and provided a deep link between the image and the context of the stories and the child's understanding of the story's information correctly, providing the context for the child's involvement with the image and the text.

The purpose of this research is comparative comparisons of the components of sustainable development and the recognition of citizenship rights in Iran and Afghanistan, which has been conducted through a descriptive-analytical method. Measurement and measurement of development has always been one of the most important issues of interest to many economic and development experts as well as policymakers and planners. Because every country wants to know its position as compared to other countries in terms of development and economic growth and its trends over the past years. For this reason, over the past years, many efforts have been made by experts to measure development in most of the indicators. Voting for sustainable development there are several ways in which regional management exists, and this management can be effective when accompanied with public acceptance and transparency. With the development of communications and the instantaneous awareness of human beings about the events surrounding them, all governments and societies have inevitably faced with a transnational analogy that did not exist in the past. Therefore, gaining public opinion and other support is no longer easy, and it must be done with all its power.

Sustainable development is a development that addresses the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. If we accept that economic development is the process of improving the quality of life of all people, then economic growth will be the core of economic development. But economic growth is a sustainable process that increases the production capacity of the economy over time and increases the level of national income. The main components of sustainability in the semantic system of development can be considered as follows: first, economic sustainability (profitability), secondly, social sustainability (compatibility), environmental sustainability (non-degradation of ecosystems), and fourth, structural and organizational sustainability (having the authority and competence, and the efficiency and effectiveness of the management structure), the fifth technological sustainability (the appropriateness of technology) and the sixth balance sustainability (dynamic coordination) in sustainable development, one of the main areas emphasized and a fundamental role in the realization of sustainable development with institutional capacity. Institutionalism is not just about the methodology, approach, and theory of studying political institutions. In fact, institutional analysis in contemporary studies of political science and government involves, on the one hand, legal constitutional investigations, and, on the other hand, the domain of the state administration. (Bahram zadeh, 2003) In Iran, the rights of citizens in the basic Law have conferred 120 articles, the rights of whose consistency and lack thereof cause the loss of a person or personality. Modern welfare is the fourfold of a lawyer, duty, partnership and security. (Gholipour, 2010, 71) In Afghanistan, civil rights mean the residence of a country for a specified period, meaning a collection of individual and social legal information. (Fayez, 28, 2013)

-Reporting the Components of Sustainable Development in Respect of Citizenship Rights in Iran and Afghanistan -Setting the characteristics and components of sustainable development

what are the components of sustainable development and civil rights in Iran and Afghanistan? How can the components of sustainable development and citizenship rights be realized in these two countries?

the present research is descriptive-analytic. It describes the issue of the subject in a descriptive way, and the requirements of the subject are analyzed. In this research, the library method is used and the resources are digested by not taking. 3-Discussion In order to compare the components of sustainable development and citizenship rights in Iran and Afghanistan, the following items were collected and derived. Among the indicators of sustainable development and citizenship rights in Iran can be mentioned: (Bahram zadeh, 2003, 45) 1-Education and University2-Industry3-Government4-Knowledge5-Communication One of the problems of education and university in the lack of development of countries can be seen in the inefficiency of methods and quality of education, the solution to which can be found in the “learning styles" in the first step. (Sa’ee1995: 127) Industrialization is known as the best way to put an end to technical and economic retardation in the shortest possible time with the least dependence on the outside and a means to change the traditional social relations of the society and the application of scientific and technological achievements in order to increase productivity of production and work efficiency,. (Tadayon, 2005, 89) The continuation of the current conditions and direction of knowledge ultimately will divide the world into the "conscious world, the unknowing world, the world of the scientist and the world of workers” (Aligholian, 2006, p. 97), while many thinkers and brains of the backward countries have a major contribution to the production of this knowledge. The phenomenon of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), due to the wide range of capabilities and potential has provided the appropriate conditions for the utilization of technology in all aspects of human life (Taqavi, 85/2017) Indicators of sustainable development in Afghanistan include: 1) Elimination of poverty 2) Elimination of hunger 3) Weight loss 4) Quality education 5) Gender equality 6. Clean water or access to safe drinking water. 7. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure 8. Reducing inequality9-Sustainable cities and communities’ 10-Production and consumption by authorities

Sustainable development is human-centered and, given the wide range of topics and capabilities, has quickly become one of the most important current debates and one of the 21st century's most important challenges. In the third millennium, the process of growth and development was restored within the framework of sustainability. In sustainable development, humans are the focus of development and deserve the health, security, culture, education, knowledge and development of communications and information. Achieving a number of these indicators suggests that the government of Afghanistan, contrary to its critics' comments, has not only addressed the affairs of the state, but wants to abandon its legal mandate. In the absence of a healthy administrative system that Afghanistan has experienced for many years, such achievements are not achieved anyway, but it should be said that the Afghan government still has a long way to go and meet the Millennium Development Goals. Regular scheduling and transparent operation Government agents can make these indicators accessible to the country. In order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, Afghanistan needs to determine its degree of influence in order to develop a strategy based on the level of influence. It also fights for widespread corruption so that it can implement the strategy. The change in intellectual dominant discourse is another issue that the Afghan government must pay attention to. If a single discourse is not at least dominant in the functioning of the state, development will be impossible. In Iranian society, two main factors influencing the failure to establish a social contract for sustainable development were: first, "Iran" is not focused on the thoughts of some statesmen and, consequently, on them. Rather than thinking and planning to serve a better life, sometimes decisions in the field of foreign affairs, and even domestic issues, have not been focused on Iran. The second factor is the lack of understanding between citizens. Social understanding takes place in order to reach the point of development in which all the communities in the society can speak and social contract can be formed, which, of course, can be found in an evolutionary aspect in which the role of the social thinkers and the departure of their own islands of thought is inevitable. In some historical periods, we have witnessed the lack of parallelism in the path of the movement of scholars, academics and elites with the realities and distance from the Iranian society. In order to achieve sustainable development, the fundamental laws of the countries, including the constitution of our country, especially Article 26 Recognition of the formation and activities of parties and Civic engagement enables citizens to share with each other common cultural, political, and economic aspirations, and, as a massive mass, to strive to pursue their citizenship in a variety of scenes. Also under Article 27 of the Constitution, when expressing demands or objections or defending their citizenship rights, they are permitted to form civil society organizations to attract public opinion to observe and protect their legal rights.

  Today, along with the widespread developments that have emerged in the social situation of women in human societies, we are witnessing changes in the demands of women's who seek to enforce their lost rights and achieve gender equity (Nabavey and Sigeda, 2014: 8). With overview at the status of women in the world and comparing them to the situation of men, it becomes clear that women are the most vulnerable in terms of opportunities and active participation in development (Adhami and Roghaneyin, 2009: 129). Gender inequality has different forms in the social, political, economic and cultural spheres; Including women's economic dependence on men based on less women's participation in the labor force and low wages for them, the political dependence of men's dominance on political power structures, the dependence on more men's authority and their decision-making power in the family and at work, dependence on men's power in defining social reality, dependence on men in protecting women from violence against other men and even the psychological dependence of women on men, due to emotional ties, reveals the need for attention to this issue not only as the soul of gender inequality, but also its consequences at the micro, intermediate, and macro levels (Hemati and Maktovbyan, 2013: 117). Therefore, with regard to the mentioned issues and the importance of gender equality, the purpose of the present study is to examine the status of gender inequality index in subcontinent countries of India. The status of this gender inequality has been studied in terms of economic, political, health and educational dimensions.  In the present study the research method is descriptive-analytic and is applicable to the type of research. Using a descriptive method based on analyzing statistics and information extracted from valid scientific documents and analyzing these indicators in the countries studied, the analytical method has been used. This comparative study was conducted on the basis of the Human Development Report and the Gender inequalities of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) from 2011 to 2014.    In terms of GII, the highest positive change was for Nepal, with 0/079 of the least developed for Bhutan with zero percent change, and other countries, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar and India respectively, were 0/021, 0/011, 0/062, and 0/054 have had positive changes. In the whole of Nepal, progress has been greatest in three areas (global rank, regional rank, and GII) in terms of progress in other parts of the region. The countries of the subcontinent have two different statuses in terms of health index: the first is that the four countries of Bhutan, Pakistan, Myanmar and India are in a position that is lower than the global average (to a lesser extent, this amount is less favorable) ) And in Bangladesh and Nepal, their situation is higher than the global average, so they are not well positioned on this benchmark. The situation in the Indian subcontinent countries in terms of women's labor force participation rate index shows that Bangladesh, Nepal and India respectively have recovered by 1/4, 9 and 4 percent, while the countries of Bhutan, Pakistan and Myanmar are 13 , 2/7 and 22/6 with significant improvements in Myanmar. The highest percentage for this measure was for Myanmar with a score of 85/7 and the lowest for Pakistan with 24/4 percent. An examination of the educational situation in the Indian subcontinent countries that during these three periods, the only country in Bhutan has progressed by 17.8 from 2/16  in 2011 to 34 in 2013. The examination of the status of other countries indicates a 4/2 percent drop in the country of Pakistan and a stagnation of the status and scores of other countries in the studied years. The country of Bhutan is ranked first with 34 present of women who have higher secondary education (high school) and Nepal, with 17/9 percent is ranked last.   Gender inequality in access to opportunities and economic, social and political, is one of the most important challenges for the countries of the Indian subcontinent. Today accepted the fact that no nation will be able to achieve sustainable development; women are deprived of basic rights in the community. The results of the two aspects of the investigation: The first aspect at the global level among the countries of the sub-continent indicates that, during the three rounds of any country not a good situation because the country of Myanmar (the country in terms of this indicator) during the three GII values 0/492, 0/437 and 0/430 asset classes 96, 80 and 83, which is indicative of the distance of this country and other countries with international standards. The second at the regional level show that during the three periods, despite relative progress in terms of GII have always Subcontinent but they always rank at the regional level has not changed, Myanmar and India in last place in the first rank have taken.      

Allusion is one of the linguistic techniques which, like many other literary techniques, have been neglected by researchers and critics in different periods of history of rhetoric so that only one aspect i.e. alluding to a hemistich, a line, or some lines from another poet. For this reason, this study intends to look at the history of allusion as a figure of speech and its status in Arabic and Persian rhetorical subjects, and, while describing and interpreting rhetoric attitudes it refers to its types and names and finally gives a new definition and title for allusion by resorting to the principle of semantic extension to release it, to some extent, from semantic limitation of traditional rhetoric. Result of the research shows that the definition of allusion in all rhetoric books refers to some types which, in the more comprehensive fields as eloquence, rhetoric, prosody and plagiarisms, are referred to as esteghbal, tatabo, tamlit, esteaanat, idaa, tafsil, etc. Therefore, considering this mixture and the mismatch between the meaning of allusion and its types, it can be defined as participation and exchange of verbal and semantic elements − including a line, a hemistich, a verse, or a parable − between the speakers which is performed based on the circumstances or to embellish and emphasize meaning and which results in highlighting, referencing, creating meaning, and creating artistic ambiguity and brevity.